mexico hydrocarbons qpq negative - hss 2013

8/9/2019 Mexico Hydrocarbons QPQ Negative - HSS 2013

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Hydrocarbons QPQ NEG – HSS


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Note You can still use evidence from the normal hydrocarbons neg le. There are also helpful cards in the Mexico politics le to answer the Nieto credibility

scenario.


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1NC Dependence Adv.


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Defense

Oil dependence is at a record lo – especially fro! t"e #iddleEast

$randon %&1' (Hembree randon! "#$%#$&' ditorial )irector! *arm +ress' +umpprices aside! ,.-. dependence on Mideast oil continues to drop'http##deltafarmpress.com#blog#pump/prices/aside/us/dependence/mideast/oil/continues/drop0

The economy has improved of late! government analysts tell us. 1nd in almostperfect synchronicity with that news oil prices rose! with the li2elihood that the costof almost everything else will rise! even though those same government wi3ards tellus core in4ation is negligible! discounting food and energy. 1fter all! who spends money on foodand energy5 6n yet another touch of irony! the ,.-.! for so long dependent on imported energy! had asits No. $ export in 78$7 gasoline! diesel! and fuel oil. 9hile ,.-./produced petroleum products sail awayto :hina! the ,! and elsewhere! often at the same time ,.-. inventories are falling! imports increasing!

and pump prices rising. 1hh! the magical mysteries of capitalism at wor2. A lot "as "appened

in t"e al!ost () years since t"e Arab oil e!bar*o *ave t"e orld its +rsttra,!atic e-perience it" t"e ter! ener*y crisis/0 and started t"e priceescalation t"at "as contin,ed o and on since t"en. A!erica2sdependence on #ideast oil "as been steadily di!inis"in* in recent years ;no than2s to 9ashington leadership! which for four decades has failed to develop asound! meaningful long term energy policy. ) percent in 4))> . No/ !ore t"an "alf o,r oil

co!es fro! estern "e!isp"ere nations? Canada is t"e bi**est s,pplier/

at 47 percent in 4)14. @e no i!port !ore oil fro! Africa t"an fro! t"ePersian G,lf.

Oil dependence is don – increased 5S prod,ction and red,cedcons,!ptionGreen % – 14 (Miranda ?reen! "#$7#$&'


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http##www.thedailybeast.com#articles#78$"#$7#increasing/oil/production/in/the/u/s/spar2s/less/opec/reliance.html0

8"e 5.S. is often painted as an ener*y&strapped nation reliant on forei*nco,ntries for !ost of its oil ,se. $,t t"at pict,re is c"an*in* as t"eco,ntry *ets closer to co!plete ener*y independence. A report iss,ed t"is

ee6 s"os t"at t"e 5.S. is increasin*ly prod,cin* !ore cr,de oil inside

of its borders . Prod,ction =,!ped last ee6 to its "i*"est level since

an,ary 1''4/ accordin* to a recent report by t"e Ener*y 3nfor!ation

Ad!inistration. 6n the wee2 ended Buly C! the ,.-. produced ".D million barrels per

day! up $.E percent from the previous wee2! and t"e "i*"est ee6ly level in

!ore t"an 4) years. The increase is largely attributed to more drilling and the sharp rise ofhydraulic fracturing in the ,.-. The controversial techniFue of fracturing! or frac2ing! involves drillinginto roc2 formations to release oil embedded in shale. Many of the ,.-. reserves of crude oil are foundin the Midwest and along the plains region. Two of the largest reserves are the a22en and agle *ord

oilelds located in North )a2ota and Texas! respectively. 8"e increase of oil prod,ction in

t"e 5.S. is reversely drivin* don t"e a!o,nt of forei*n oil t"e co,ntry isi!portin* fro! OPEC co,ntries beca,se t"e f,el is less needed.

#ean"ile/ t"e 5.S. is red,cin* its ,se of oil Bt"an6s to !ore ecient

ve"icles/ less drivin*/ t"e ,se of nat,ral *as as a transport f,el/ and*reater invest!ents in reneable ener*y. 8otal li,id f,el cons,!ption int"e 5.S. declined by 4.1 percent in 4)14/ accordin* to t"e E3A/ and is

e-pected to rise by less t"an 1 percent in 4)19. And t"at !eans t"e 5.S.

needs to i!port less oilBespecially fro! OPEC co,ntires. N,!bers fro!

t"e E3A report s"o t"at only 11 percent of t"e oil t"e 5.S. ,sed in #arc"

ca!e fro! so,rces o,tside t"e 5.S.

Stron* 5.S. oil ind,stry osets dependence of #iddle Easternoil ae/ 219. 1my Myers BaGe is executive director of energy and sustainability at,niversity of :alifornia at )avis ?raduate -chool of Management. -he was formerlythe director of the nergy *orum at the Bames 1. a2er 666 6nstitute for +ublic +olicyat


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ill "ave !ore discretion to ,se t"e Strate*ic Petrole,! :eserve to help alliesin times of crisis or to prevent oil prod,cers fro! ,sin* ener*y c,tos to ac"ieve+nancial or *eopolitical *oals. 5.S. oil and *as e-ports ill also *arnercloser ties to allies and friendly co,ntries through closer economic relations. Ado!estic oil and *as boo! ill also brin* t"e 5S bac6 to a stron*erecono!ic footin*! possibly giving the country bac2 some of the nancial sway that previously allowed it todominate international organi3ations li2e the ,nited Nations and the 9orld an2. ,.-. foreign aid and even energyexports could become a stronger counterpoint to continuing :hinese global investment. $ei=in* !i*"t also+nd soon t"at its overt policies of aidin* proble! states li6e 3ran and Syriaand t"ereby tyin* ,p t"e 5.S. in conFicts across t"e #iddle East illbeco!e !ore and !ore co,nterprod,ctive over ti!e as rising energy costs hit oil/import dependent :hina harder than an energy self/suLcient 1merica.


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3ran Prolif Defense

No i!pact to 3ranian proliferation@alt 14 ; -enior


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propensity for self&destr,ction. 3t o,ld be a *rave error for policy!a6ers inthe ,nited -tates and 6srael to ass,!e ot"erise. Yet that is precisely what many ,.-. and 6sraeli oLcials and analysts have done.Portrayin* 3ran as irrational "as alloed t"e! to ar*,e t"at t"e lo*ic ofn,clear deterrence does not apply to t"e 3sla!ic :ep,blic. 3f 3ran ac,ireda n,clear eapon/ t"ey arn/ it o,ld not "esitate to ,se it in a +rst stri6ea*ainst 3srael / even t"o,*" doin* so o,ld invite !assive retaliation and

ris6 destroyin* everyt"in* t"e 6ranian re*i!e "olds dear . 1lthough it is impossible to be certain of6ranian intentions! it is far !ore li6ely t"at if 3ran desires n,clear eapons/ it is fort"e p,rpose of providin* for its on sec,rity! not to improve its oGensive capabilities (or destroy itself0.3ran !ay be intransi*ent at t"e ne*otiatin* table and deant in the face of sanctions! b,t itstill acts to sec,re its on preservation. 6rans leaders did not! for example! attempt to close the -trait ofHormu3 despite issuing blustery warnings that they might do so after the , announced its planned oil embargo in Banuary. The 6ranian regime clearlyconcluded that it did not want to provo2e what would surely have been a swift and devastating 1merican response to such a move.

Nevert"eless/ even so!e observers and policy!a6ers "o accept t"at t"e3ranian re*i!e is rational still orry t"at a n,clear eapon o,lde!bolden it! providing Tehran with a shield that would allow i t to act more aggressively and increase its support for terrorism. So!e analysts even fear t"at 3ran o,ld directly provide terrorists it" n,clear ar!s .

8"e proble! it" t"ese concerns is t"at t"ey contradict t"e record of

every ot"er n,clear eapons state *oin* bac6 to 1'(> . History s"os t"at"en co,ntries ac,ire t"e bo!b/ t"ey feel increasingly v,lnerable and beco!eac,tely aare t"at t"eir n,clear eapons !a6e t"e! a potential tar*et in theeyes of maIor powers. 8"is aareness disco,ra*es n,clear states fro! bold anda**ressive action. Maoist :hina! for example! became much less bellicose after acFuiring nuclear weapons in $%JD! and 6ndia and+a2istan have both become more cautious since going nuclear. 8"ere is little reason to believe 3ran o,ldbrea6 t"is !old. 1s for the ris2 of a handoG to terrorists! no co,ntry co,ld transfer n,cleareapons it"o,t r,nnin* a "i*" ris6 of bein* fo,nd o,t. ,.-. s,rveillancecapabilities o,ld pose a serio,s obstacle/ as o,ld t"e ,nited -tates i!pressiveand *roin* ability to identify t"e so,rce of +ssile !aterial. Moreover! co,ntriescan never entirely control or even predict t"e be"avior of t"e terrorist*ro,ps t"ey sponsor. @nce a country such as 3ran acFuires a nuclear capability! it ill "ave every reason

to !aintain f,ll control over its arsenal. 1fter all! b,ildin* a bo!b is costly anddan*ero,s. 3t o,ld !a6e little sense to transfer t"e prod,ct of t"atinvest!ent to parties t"at cannot be tr,sted or !ana*ed. Anot"er oft&to,ted orry is t"at if 3ran obtains t"e bo!b/ ot"er states in t"e re*ionill follo s,it/ leadin* to a n,clear ar!s race in t"e #iddle East. ut t"en,clear a*e is no al!ost %) years old/ and so far/ fears of proliferation"ave proved to be ,nfo,nded. +roperly dened! the term QproliferationQ means a rapid and uncontrolled spread. Nothingli2e that has occurred' in fact! since 1'%)/ t"ere "as been a !ar6ed slodon in t"e

e!er*ence of n,clear states. 8"ere is no reason to e-pect t"at t"is

pattern ill c"an*e no . S"o,ld 3ran beco!e t"e second #iddle Eastern

n,clear poer since $%DC! it o,ld "ardly si*nal t"e start of a landslide. 9hen 6srael acFuiredthe bomb in the $%J8s! it was at war with many of its neighbors. 6ts nuclear arms were a much bigger threat to the 1rab world than 6rans program is

today. 3f an ato!ic 3srael did not tri**er an ar!s race t"en/ t"ere is no reasona n,clear 3ran s"o,ld no.


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current crisis will nally dissipate! leading to a Middle ast that is more stable than it is today. *or that reason! the ,nited -tates and its allies need notta2e such pains to prevent the 6ranians from developing a nuclear weapon. )iplomacy between 6ran and the maIor powers should continue! because openlines of communication will ma2e the 9estern countries feel better able to live with a nuclear 6ran. ut the current sanctions on 6ran can be dropped they

primarily harm ordinary 6ranians! with little purpose. Most important! policyma2ers and citi3ens in the 1rab world! urope! 6srael! and t"e 5nitedStates s"o,ld ta6e co!fort fro! t"e fact t"at "istory "as s"on t"at"ere n,clear capabilities e!er*e/ so/ too/ does stability . 9hen it comes to nuclearweapons! now as ever!


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3ran Prolif Good

Stable deterrence beteen 3ran and 3srael and Pa6istan illens,re re*ional stability.

#adson/ 4))KR+eter N. Madson! Aieutenant! ,nited -tates Navy! MasterSs degree in National-ecurity 1Gairs! &/J! =The -2y is Not *alling


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dic,lt to create/ as Pa6istan "as learned. Once ac"ieved/ it providesstability/ sec,rity/ and as in Pa6istan2s case/ si*ni+cant econo!ic bene+t.

N,6es solve 3ran stability – *ive t"e re*i!e credibility/ respectand do!estic sec,rity red,cin* t"e li6eli"ood of irrational anda**ressive action& solves t"e incentive for Sa,di 3ran conFict#adson/ 4))KR+eter N. Madson! Aieutenant! ,nited -tates Navy! MasterSs degree in National-ecurity 1Gairs! &/J! =The -2y is Not *alling


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regional dynamic signicantly! and provides some leverage for us to demandreforms. -econd! beco!in* t"e pri!ary provider of re*ional sec,rity in an,clear #iddle East o,ld *ive t"e 5nited States a ay to brea6 t"e OPECcartel. *orcing an end to the sorts of monopolistic practices that are illegal in the,nited -tates would be the price of that nuclear shield! brin*in* oil prices donsi*ni+cantly and savin* billions of dollars a year at t"e p,!p. @r! at a

minimum! +resident @bama could trade security for increased production and alowering of global petroleum prices. Third! 3srael "as !ade clear t"at it feelst"reatened by 3ran2s n,clear pro*ra!. 8"e Palestinians also "ave a reasonfor concern! because a nuclear stri2e against 6srael would devastate them as well.8"is s"ared dan*er !i*"t serve as a catalyst for reconciliation beteent"e to parties/ leadin* to t"e peace a*ree!ent t"at "as el,ded t"e last+ve presidents. +aradoxically! any nal agreement between 6sraelis and+alestinians would go a long way to undercutting TehranSs animosity toward 6srael!and would ease longstanding tensions in the region.


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1NC H,!an Capital Adv.


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A8 3!!i*ration Scenario

#,ltiple alt ca,ses to *rot" – state !onopolies/infrastr,ct,re/ and ban6in*

O2Niell/ 4)11. -hannon . @Neil! -enior *ellow for Aatin 1merica -tudies.=Mexico )evelopment and )emocracy at a :rossroads.> :ouncil for *oreign


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important consumers and the bac2bone of future growth. 9al/Mart opened nearly three hundred stores in 78$8alone;all small supermar2ets targeted at this expanding income brac2et;and continues to aggressively expand

throughout the country.% 8"is !iddle class ill in lar*e part deter!ine t"eecono!ic f,t,re of #e-ico. 6f it grows! so too will Mexicos economy. More important! t"issocioecono!ic sector is t"e !ost li6ely to p,s" for t"e c"an*es necessaryto tr,ly open #e-icos !ar6ets. 1nd! as the sector grows! its econo!ic de!ands

!ay +nd a receptive environ!ent in #e-icos b,r*eonin* de!ocracy.

#e-ican de!ocracy fails – corr,ption and p,blicdisill,sion!entO2Niell/ 4)11. -hannon . @Neil! -enior *ellow for Aatin 1merica -tudies.=Mexico )evelopment and )emocracy at a :rossroads.> :ouncil for *oreign ,nited Nations New

Yor2. Bune 7J! 78$7. http##www.un.org#en#ga#president#JJ#6ssues#drugs#drugs/crime.shtml K clawan1s we move towards 78$C! and ta2e stoc2 of the Millennium Develop!ent Goals! there is a growingrecognition that or*anied cri!e and illicit dr,*s are !a=or i!pedi!ents to t"eirac"ieve!ent. 1s econo!ic develop!ent is t"reatened by transnationalor*anied cri!e and illicit dr,*s! countering crime must form part of the development agenda!and social and economic development approaches need to form part of our response to organi3ed crime. 6f we are

to ensure that the M)?s are achieved! we must strengthen strategies to deliver these goals! including stepping upeGorts to address issues such as money laundering! corruption and traLc2ing in wildlife! people and arms! and

drugs. Or*anied cri!e and dr,*s i!pact every econo!y! in every country! but they areparticularly devastating in wea2 and vulnerable countries. 9ea2 and fragile countries are particularly vulnerable to

the eGects of transnational organi3ed crime. 8"ese co,ntries/ so!e devastated by ar/ot"ers !a6in* t"e co!ple- =o,rney toards de!ocracy/ are preyed ,ponby cri!e. 1s a result! or*anied cri!e Fo,ris"es/ s,ccesses in develop!ent arereversed/ and opport,nities for social and econo!ic advance!ent are lost.:orruption! a facilitator of organi3ed crime and drug traLc2ing! is a serious impediment to the rule of law andsustainable development. 6t can be a dominant factor driving fragile countries towards failure. 6t is estimated that


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up to ,-[D8 billion annually is lost through corruption in developing countries. Dr,*s and cri!e,nder!ine develop!ent by erodin* social and ",!an capital. This degradesFuality of life and can force s2illed wor2ers to leave! while the direct impacts of victimisation! as well as fear of

crime! may impede the development of those that remain. $y li!itin* !ove!ent/ cri!ei!pedes access to possible e!ploy!ent and ed,cational opport,nities/and it disco,ra*es t"e acc,!,lation of assets. :rime is also more =expensive> for poor

people in poor countries! and disadvantaged households may struggle to cope with the shoc2 of victimisation.Dr,*s and cri!e also ,nder!ine develop!ent by drivin* aay b,siness.oth foreign and domestic investors see crime as a sign of social instability! and crime drives up the cost of doing

business. Tourism is a sector especially sensitive to crime issues. Dr,*s and cri!e! moreover!,nder!ine t"e ability of t"e state to pro!ote develop!ent by destroyin*t"e tr,st relations"ip beteen t"e people and t"e state/ and ,nder!inin*de!ocracy and con+dence in t"e cri!inal =,stice syste!. 9hen people losecondence in the criminal Iustice system! they may engage in vigilantism! which further undermines the state.

Lac6 of *,n control !eans t"e a can2t solve dr,* violenceSei*/ 219. Bulia . -weig! Nelson and )avid


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A8 Nieto Credibility

8,rn 3ncreasin* cooperation it" t"e 5S ",rts NietoLon*/ 19 K 1merican ,niversity international relations professor

RTom! +h) in 6nternational


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P,blic "ates Nieto2s Pe!e- refor!/ ",rts stabilityEsteve 19=Most Mexicans @ppose +resident +e^a Nietos +lans To @pen ,p +emex To +rivate 6nvestment> y )olia steve3!J#7J#78$& $$C$1M! *orbes! http##www.forbes.com#sites#doliaesteve3#78$J#7J#most/mexicans/oppose/president/pena/nietos/plans/to/open/up/pemex/to/private/investment#

*oreign oil companies were expropriated by Mexican +resident Aa3aro :rdenas in

$%&E! and ever since MexicoSs vast oil resources ; $&.% billion barrels of crude/oiland possibly the worldSs fourth/largest shale/gas reservesK became forbidden tooutsiders. 8"e @all Street o,rnal said t"e anno,nce!ent "i*"li*"ts aillin*ness to brea6 it" t"e past a!on* yo,n*/ refor!ist !e!bers0 oft"e P:3/ Pea Nieto2s party. E--on #obil and :oyal D,tc" S"ell arereported to be ready to ret,rn to #e-ico/ if Con*ress passes t"e !eas,re.$ot" ere a!on* t"e *ro,p of A!erican and $ritis" co!paniese-propriated %> years a*o.ut #e-icans are less t"an ready to s,pport Pea Nieto2s !ost a!bitio,sand controversial refor! to date. A ne poll by t"e Centro de3nvesti*acin y Docencia Econ!icas C3DER/ a research institute! s"os t"atK> o,t of every 1)) #e-icans are a*ainst openin* ,p Pe!e-/ t"e orld2s

sevent"&lar*est oil prod,cer it" ann,al sales of !ore t"an 1)) billion.Ener*y/ partic,larly oil/ contin,es to be t"e stron*"old of #e-icannationalis!/0 said C3DE.

Pe!e- refor! not 6ey& reneables too easily e-ploitedLee/ 11 // Houston Bournal of 6nternational Aaw executive editorR`achary! QThe -ilver Aining to a :loudy -ituation!Q Houston Bournal of 6nternationalAaw! 78$$! &&.7! ebscoV

@38H O: @38HO58 PE#ET :EDJ

:efor! c,ts *overn!ent reven,es and p,blic servicesSis6ind KM4> R:ory! research analyst for :ontrol


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for most citi3ens. -ome Mexicans believe that openin* t"e oil *iant illdra!atically decrease *overn!ent reven,e/ of "ic" PE#ET c,rrentlyprovides appro-i!ately 9>U. 8"ey fear t"at t"is/ in t,rn/ ill red,ce*overn!ent spendin* on badly needed p,blic services. V Anot"er c"allen*eto t"e speedy passin* of ener*y refor!s is t"e r,pt,re of t"e politicalco"esion seen in early 4)19. The +1N! party of former presidents *elipe :alderZn

and \icente *ox! ousted its senate party leader! rnesto :ordero! on May 78. Theousting! as well as Buly " local elections! has caused a sha2e/up in the party.)ivisions are solidifying between two factions and tensions have come to a head inrecent wee2s. Yet! while the sha2e/up may delay the approval process! it is unli2elyto entirely halt the passage of energy reforms.


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Says No0#e-ico says no – e!pirics prove conditional en*a*e!ent is

contentio,s Bames :. #c6inley Br. 7 / (Iournalist for The New Yor2 Times! Q:onditions on ,.-.1id in )rug *ight 1nger MexicoQhttp##www.nytimes.com#788E#8J#8"#world#americas#8"mexico.html5r80##1+M6:@ :6TY ; *ew slights ir2 Mexican politicians so much as when 9ashington treats Mexico li2e a bac2ward

country in need of outside guidance! and that an*er ra*ed f,ll t"rottle t"is ee6 as top#e-ican ocials t"reatened to al6 aay fro! a !a=or 5nited States aidpac6a*e to "elp defeat dr,* trac6ers. 8"e reason De!ocrats in t"eHo,se and Senate "ave tied t"e aid to *,arantees t"at t"e police and!ilitary ill not violate ",!an ri*"ts. Ocials from +resident *elipe :alderZn on downhave assailed the idea that the ,nited -tates :ongress would withhold a Fuarter of the aid for Mexico if it did not

meet human rights standards! callin* it an attac6 on t"eir soverei*nty. =8"e bills

approved by both chambers of the ,nited -tates :ongress contain so!e aspects t"at !a6et"e!! in their current versions! ,nacceptable to o,r co,ntry!> 3nterior #inister ,anCa!ilo #o,rio said Monday. 1 day later! +resident :alderZn said! =#y *overn!ent illdefend at all ti!es its national soverei*nty and t"e interests of #e-icansand e ill act strictly in accordance it" t"e Constit,tion/ and/ of co,rse/e ill not accept conditions t"at si!ply are ,nacceptable.0 1 chorus of similarprotests went up this wee2 from Mexican lawma2ers! prosecutors and law enforcement oLcials! who called the bills

insulting and ree2ing of Yan2ee arrogance. -ome pointed out t"e 5nited States "ad no roo! total6/ *iven t"e detention facility at G,antWna!o $ay/ C,ba. @thers said Mexico hadnot as2ed for unilateral aid from 1merica! but a partnership in ghting crime. So!e politiciansco!plained t"at dr,* cons,!ption in t"e 5nited States ! along with the sale of armsto Mexican drug dealers by 1merican arms merchants! were driving the violence here. =The only thing we need isfor them to stop selling arms to narcotics traLc2ers!> said Bavier ?on3le3 ?ar3a! the leader of the left/wing

opposition party in the :hamber of )eputies. )emocratic leaders in the ,nited -tates :ongress! however! havestood rm. They refused to hand over [&C8 million to [D88 million in aid! including lac2 Haw2 helicopters! tomilitary and police forces with a chec2ered human rights history unless they got assurances that abuses would beprevented and prosecuted.

H,!an ri*"ts conditions on 5S aid to #e-ico drive idespreadopposition in #e-ico and ",rt relations beteen t"e co,ntriesEllin*ood/ )7 en! A1 Times staG writer since $%%7! based in Mexico :ity! with responsibility forcovering Mexico and :entral 1merica! J#C! http##articles.latimes.com#788E#Iun#8C#world#fg/meridaC ! =,.-. aid oGerangers Mexico!> 1)M

M6:@ :6TY ; illed as a way to strengthen bilateral ties! a proposed 5.S. aid pac6a*e for Mexicancrime/ghting eGorts "as instead t,rned into a fres" re!inder of the pric6ly dyna!ics

that often drive the two nations apart. At iss,e are ",!an ri*"ts conditions that Con*ressattac"ed to t"e so/called #erida 3nitiative! a three/year [$.D/billion proposal by the ushadministration to eFuip and train security forces in Mexico! :entral 1merica and the :aribbean to combat drug

traLc2ing. -enior #e-ican ocials "ave called t"e provisions a for! of 5.S.interference and threatened to turn down the rst/year installment if the conditions survive in a nal versionyet to be wor2ed out by the House and -enate. The two chambers approved diGerent rst/year sums for Mexico![D88 million in the House and [&C8 million in the -enate. ut both imposed reFuirements to guard against human

rights abuses and corruption by Mexican oLcials. Q8"e le*islative initiatives approved in bothchambers of the ,.-. :ongress incorporate so!e aspects t"at !a6e t"e!! in their current

http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/05/world/fg-merida5http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/05/world/fg-merida5


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versions! ,nacceptable for o,r co,ntry!Q Buan :amilo Mourino! #e-icos second&"i*"est&ran6in* ocial and a proxy for +resident *elipe :alderon! said this wee2. Mexican +ublic-afety -ecretary ?enaro ?arcia Auna! who leads the governments current crac2down on drug traLc2ing! said themoney wouldnt ma2e or brea2 the eGort. That campaign! which includes DC!888 troops and federal police! hascome as violence has claimed more than D!$88 lives since :alderon too2 oLce in )ecember 788J. ?arcia Aunasuggested that the money might do more good on the ,.-. side to Fuell arms/smuggling across the border into

Mexico. The Mexican co!!ents are aimed! in part! at pers,adin* t"e De!ocrat&

controlled Con*ress to delete t"e ",!an ri*"ts provisions. :ongress reFuired thatalleged violations by soldiers be prosecuted by civilian authorities rather than the military and that assistance be

barred for authorities involved in corruption. 8"e Fap "i*"li*"ts t"e delicate political

sensitivities t"at "over over t"e 5.S.e-ican relations"ip . Mexicans! who haventforgotten losing a war to the ,nited -tates $J8 years ago! are ercely protective of their sovereignty. @Lcials hereare Fuic2 to resist what they see as eGorts by their northern neighbor to assert its will south of the border. Mexicansoften frame the problem of drug violence! which has left more than $!D88 dead here thus far this year! as onedriven mainly by the ,.-. appetite for illegal drugs. *or their part! ,.-. oLcials have long been wary of grantingsecurity aid to Mexico! with its history of corruption and the armys human rights record. Qnsuring that our taxdollars are spent eGectively and in accordance with basic human rights is the least that :ongress and the taxpayershave a right to insist on!Q said ,.-. -en. +atric2 B. Aeahy! a \ermont )emocrat who chairs the -enate 1ppropriationssubcommittee on foreign aid. -till! some analysts say the good news is that all sides seem to agree on the need forcollaboration against drug traLc2ing. QThese are the growing pains of a closer cooperation!Q said 1ndrew -elee!director of the Mexico 6nstitute at the 9oodrow 9ilson 6nternational :enter for -cholars in 9ashington. Q6ts a

diLcult relationship. 6ts not going to be the last time there are misunderstandings.Q #e-ican critics oft"e aid conditions "ave dran parallels to dr,* certi+cation of t"e 1'')s //the annual process in which the ,.-. Iudged the anti/drug eGorts of recipient countries before doling out aid. 8"e

policy an*ered #e-ico and strained bilateral relations . The newest initiative grew out ofmeetings between +resident ush and :alderon in March 788" in Merida! Mexico. Mexico would get militaryhardware! such as helicopters and surveillance airplanes! along with high/tech scanners to detect drugs and othercontraband and training and eFuipment for police. The proposal includes [$88 million in the rst year for eGorts in:entral 1merica! Haiti and the )ominican Mourino said. The House and -enate approved diGerent amounts for the rstinstallment of the aid! and the two versions must be reconciled. oth bills fell well short of the [C88 million soughtby the ush administration.

mexico hydrocarbons qpq negative - hss 2013

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