mexican revolution 3 constitution reform

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MEXICAN REVOLUTION 3MEXICAN REVOLUTION 3

Constitution and ReformConstitution and Reform

March 29, 2010March 29, 2010



Venustiano CarranzaVenustiano Carranza

(1859(1859 ± ± 1920)1920)

³first Chief´ of the³first Chief´ of the

ConstitutionalistsConstitutionalistsfavored restorationfavored restoration

of constitutionalof constitutional

government.government.

Mex. Pres. 1914Mex. Pres. 1914--

1920.1920.



µConstitutional Convention¶ inµConstitutional Convention¶ in

19161916 GoalsGoals

± ± Political consolidation with legitimacyPolitical consolidation with legitimacy

± ± reordering of Mexican societyreordering of Mexican society

To write a new Constitution and electionsTo write a new Constitution and elections Elections were held for delegates in 1916Elections were held for delegates in 1916

Delegates met in Querétaro with a deadlineDelegates met in Querétaro with a deadlineof February 1917of February 1917

Obregón supportersObregón supporters ± ± largest representationlargest representation Main concernMain concern ± ± reverse the precedent of reverse the precedent of

³individual interests´ in favor of the State³individual interests´ in favor of the State ± ±idea that the Nation was firstidea that the Nation was first



Four important issuesFour important issues

1.1. agrarian reform,agrarian reform,

2.2. legal status of subsoil deposits (andlegal status of subsoil deposits (and

resources),resources),3.3. militarymilitary--civil relations,civil relations,

4.4. ChurchChurch--State relationsState relations



New ConstitutionNew Constitution ± ± 19171917

Took into consideration commitmentsTook into consideration commitments

to ³social justice, economicto ³social justice, economic

opportunities, and politicalopportunities, and politicalparticipation´participation´

New Constitution provided for aNew Constitution provided for a

stronger presidential and centralstronger presidential and central

government power in relation to thegovernment power in relation to thestatesstates



Separation of Church and StateSeparation of Church and State

Mexico as a secular nationMexico as a secular nation

AntiAnti--clerical provisionsclerical provisions

Expropriation of all Church properties;Expropriation of all Church properties;limited the number of priests; marriagelimited the number of priests; marriage

defined as a civil contract; no marriage validdefined as a civil contract; no marriage valid

without a civil ceremony; no publicwithout a civil ceremony; no public

demonstrations (no processions); nodemonstrations (no processions); no

operation or supervision of charities; nooperation or supervision of charities; no

holding of public office by priests.holding of public office by priests.



Land reformLand reform

To include the dissolution of large estatesTo include the dissolution of large estatesand land for villagers [native lands] that wereand land for villagers [native lands] that were

unjustly takenunjustly taken Article 27 also dealt with treatment of landArticle 27 also dealt with treatment of land

subsoil rightssubsoil rights

It stated that ³all water resources and subsoilIt stated that ³all water resources and subsoil

deposits [including minerals and oil]deposits [including minerals and oil]belonged to the National Patrimony´ and notbelonged to the National Patrimony´ and notthe private interests that exploited them´the private interests that exploited them´



Became an important recognition of theBecame an important recognition of thewealth of the Statewealth of the State ± ± the Mexican nationthe Mexican nation

Though concessions could be granted toThough concessions could be granted to

individuals for the exploitation of resources,individuals for the exploitation of resources,the Mexican State had full control of thethe Mexican State had full control of theresources considered of interest to theresources considered of interest to thenational economynational economy

This particular article appeared to be a threatThis particular article appeared to be a threatto private property rights, especially to U.S.to private property rights, especially to U.S.investments in mininginvestments in mining



Labor reformsLabor reforms ± ± Article 123Article 123

Had to provide answers to rural and urban sectors andHad to provide answers to rural and urban sectors andaddress positive actionsaddress positive actions

Included reforms, previously addressed by Madero andIncluded reforms, previously addressed by Madero andCarranzaCarranza

EightEight--hour work day; no work by women and children after hour work day; no work by women and children after

10pm; no work for children under six; a rest day every week;10pm; no work for children under six; a rest day every week;minimum wage; equal pay for equal work; wage payments inminimum wage; equal pay for equal work; wage payments incash; limits on overtimecash; limits on overtime

Labor unions authorized; right to strike guaranteed in mostLabor unions authorized; right to strike guaranteed in mostcircumstancescircumstances

Industrial companies with more than 100 employees should setIndustrial companies with more than 100 employees should setup schools for the their employees¶ children; inclusion of profitup schools for the their employees¶ children; inclusion of profitsharing principle between employers and workerssharing principle between employers and workers



1 May 19171 May 1917

Carranza as constitutional PresidentCarranza as constitutional President

Began to adopt methods of governmentBegan to adopt methods of government

that reminded those of Porfirio Diazthat reminded those of Porfirio Diaz Sought to control congress by meansSought to control congress by means

of official candidates.of official candidates.



Emiliano Zapata Salazar Emiliano Zapata Salazar

August 8, 1879 August 8, 1879 ± ±

Assassinated on Assassinated on Apr il 10, 1919 Apr il 10, 1919

Peasant and Peasant and

Indian leader in Indian leader in

Mor elos.Mor elos.



Pancho VillaPancho Villa

José DoroteoJosé Doroteo

Arango ArámbulaArango Arámbula

(5 June 1878(5 June 1878 ± ± Assassinated 20 July Assassinated 20 July

1923),1923),

Cohuila.Cohuila.



Álvaro ObregónÁlvaro Obregón

(Febr uar y 19, 1880(Febr uar y 19, 1880 ± ±

July 17, 1928) was July 17, 1928) was

Pr esident of MexicoPr esident of Mexico

from 1920 to 1924. He from 1920 to 1924. He

was assassinated in was assassinated in

1928, shor tly af ter 1928, shor tly af ter

winning election towinning election toanother pr esidential another pr esidential

term.term.

mexican revolution 3 constitution reform

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