metode-penelitian hipotesis
TRANSCRIPT
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METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
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Referensi:
Business Risearch Methods, 2001, DonalR. Cooper & Pamela S. Schindler, McGrawill, !nc. "th edition, #S$.
#ma Se%aran, 12, Research Methods'or Business( $ S%ill Buildin) $pproach,2th *dition, +ohn ile- & Son, inc. ew/or%, #S$.
. erlin)er, 1, $3as4$3as PenelitianBeha5ioral, 6th edition, Gad7ah Mada#ni5ersit- Press, /o)-a%arta.
Modul Metodolo)i Penelitian, 2002,.
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Is sufficient time
available before
a managerial
ecision
must be mae!
Is t"e infor#
mation alrea$
on "an
inae%uate
for ma&ingt"e ecision!
Is t"e ecision
of consierable
strategic
or tactical
im'ortance!
Does t"e value
of t"e researc"
information
e(cee t"e cost
of conuctingresearc"!
Conducting
Business
Research
Do Not Conduct Business Research
Time ConstraintsAvailability of
Data Nature of the DecisionBenefitsvs. Costs
Yes YesYesYes
No No No No
Determining )"en to *onuct
+usiness Researc"
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Stages of the Research Process
Problem Discovery
and Definition
ResearchDesign
Sampling
Data
Gathering
Data Processing
and Analysis
Conclusions and
Report
Discovery and
Definition
and so on
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Masala" Penelitian
Ta"a' 'aling &rusial, sebab tu-uan a&an men-aab
'ermasala"an. /alau 'ermasala"an tia& -elas ,
'enelitian tia& bisa ila&u&an engan bai&.Penemuan masala" "arus ibarengi engan
'emeca"an masala".
Proses 'enemuan masala": Ientifi&asi biang,
'emili"an 'o&o& masala", an 'erumusan masala".
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Masalah/Pertanyaan Penelitian
Telaah Teori
Hipotesis
PENGUJIAN FAKTA –Pemilihan Data -Pen!mp!lan Data -
Analisis Data
Hasil
KE"IMPU#AN
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Ti'e Masala" Penelitian
Masalah dalam lin)%un)anor)anisasi
Masalah dalam area tertentusuatu or)anisasi.
Persoalan teoritis untu%
men7elas%an 'a%ta.Permasalahan -an) perlu
7awa8an empiris.
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/riteria Masala"
Merupa%an Bidan) masalah dantopi% -an) menari%.
Si)ni'i%ansi secara teoritis danpra%tis.
Dapat diu7i melalui pen)umpulan
data dan analisis data.
Sesuai den)an wa%tu dan 8ia-a.
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0umber Penemuan Masala"
/a-ian teoritis
/a-ian Em'iris
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Perumusan Masala"
Rumusan "arus -elas an tegas.
Tia& ambiguitasMenge&s'resi&an "ubungan antara
ua variabel atau lebi".
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To'i& ba"asan lainn$a111111
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/a-ian Teori Dan Riset Tera"ulu
9eori itu pentin) se8a)ai orientasi -an)mem8atasi 7umlah 'a%ta -an) harusdipela7ari.
9eori mem8eri%an pedoman -an) dapatmem8eri%an hasil ter8ai%.
9eori mem8eri%an sistem mana -an)harus dipa%ai dalam men)arti%an data-an) tepat.
9ori dapat di)una%an untu% mempredi%si'a%ta4'a%ta.
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Pengertian Teori
umpulan %onstru% atau %onsep,de'inisi, dan proposisi -an)
men))am8ar%an 'enomena secarasistematis melalui penentuanhu8un)an antar 5aria8el den)an
tu7uan untu% men7elas%an'enomena.
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Tiga 2al 'o&o& Dalam teori
*lemen teori terdiri dari %onstru%,%onsep dan proposisi.
Mem8eri%an )am8aran sistematismen)enai 'enomena melaluihu8un)an antar 5aria8el.
9u7uan teori adalah men7elas%andan mempredi%si 'enomena alam.
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/onse' # *onstruct
/onse' meru'a&an e&s'resi suatu abstra&si$ang terbentu& melalui generalisasi ari
'engamatan ter"aa' fenomena#fenomena.*onto":
Prestasi a&aemi& meru'a&an abstra&si ari
&emam'uan bela-ar ma"asisa.+obot aala" &onse' ari suatu bena $angmem'un$ai &ara&teristi& berat3ringan.
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Ting&atan Abstra&si /onse'
Ting&at abstra&si &onse' tergantung ari mua" atautia&n$a fenomena $ang iabstra&si&an a'atiientifi&asi&an.
*onto":Tana" aala" &onse' a&tiva teta' $ang beru-u ansecara fisi& mua" i&enali
A&tiva Teta' aala" lebi" general
0e"ingga a&tiva meru'a&an &onse' $ang lebi" a&bstra&ari'aa tana".
/onse'#&onse' $ang sangat abstra&3lebi" abstra& seringisebut construct.
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CONCEPTS
OBSERVATION OF OBJECTS
AND EVENTS (REALITY)
Tingkat
Empirical
Tingkat
A!tract
/onse' meru'a&an abstra&si ari
suatu realitas
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Proses Membangun Teori r ilmu
TeoriTeori
ProposisiProposisi
KonsepKonsep
Observasi dari obe!Observasi dari obe!
dan event "realitas #dan event "realitas # " # n i n g k a t
k # l # i $ a !
t r a c t
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$egetation$egetation
%ruit%ruit
&anana&anana
RealityReality " # n i n g k a t k # l # i $ a ! t r a c t
*onto"
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+agaimana construct alam riset!
*onstruct alam riset tia& "an$a iarti&an lebi"
abstra&, namun -uga men$ang&ut a'a $ang
i'erse'si&an orang.*ontruct alam riset mem'un$ai ma&na $ang
berbea engan &onse' sebab construct
meru'a&an abstra&si ari fenomena $ang a'atiamati ari berbagai imensi.
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*onto" *onstruct /e'uasan /er-a
/e'uasan &er-a meru'a&an abstra&si ari
fenomena 'si&ologis seorang ter"aa'
'e&er-aan $ang iamati berasar&an 'erse'si$ang bersang&utan ter"aa' berbagai imensi
ling&ungan 'e&er-aan $aitu:
Dimensi Tugas $ang i&er-a&an, re&an#re&anse&er-a, atasann$a, &om'ensasi, 'romosi &arir
ll.
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Dimensi#imensi construct $ang tersusun
men-ai construct $ang lebi" abstra&s $aitu
construct &e'uasan &er-a.Misal imensi contruct &e'uasan ter"aa' tugas
a'at iobservasi berasar&an tangga'an
seseorang mengenai sifat, -enis, &onisi atau "allain $ang itugas&an misaln$a rutinitas tugas,
&om'el&sitas tugas an sebagain$a.
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Dimensi Kepuasan
Pada Tugas
Dimensi Kepuasan
Pada Atasan
Dimensi KepuasanPada Rekan
Dimensi kepuasan
Pada Kompensasi
Dimensi kepuasan
pada Promosi
Konsep
Kesmpatan,kebiajk
an, keterbukaan dll
Konsep
kewajaran,kesesuaian, nilai dll
Konsep stimulasi,ambisi., loalitas,
sikap,tgg jawab dll
Konsep pengaruh,
intelegensi,prestasi
, perhatian, dsb.
Konsep rutinitas,
kompleksitas,
kegunaan, tantangan
!onsructKepuasan
Ker a
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Dengan emi&ian construct teriri ari &onse'#
&onse' $ang a'at iamati $ang selan-utn$a
untu& &e'erluan 'enelitian iu&ur enganmengguna&an s&ala 'engu&uran.
*onstruct $ang iu&ur engan s&ala tertentu
selan-utn$a men-ai variabel.
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Penggunaan *onstruct
Dengan mengo'erasional&an construct &e
alam &onse'#&onse' $ang a'at iamati an
iu&ur men-ai variabel 'enelitian.Meng"ubung&an construct $ang lain men-ai
&onstru&si teori. Misal: Inovatif an /reatif
meru'a&an bagian ari fungsi &e'uasan &er-aan 'restasi &er-a.
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4ariabel an *onstruct
4ariabel meru'a&an segala sesuatu $ang a'at iberiberbagai macam nilai
4ariabel meru'a&an 'eng"ubung antara contruct $ang
abstract engan fenomena $ang n$ata.4ariabel meru'a&an 'ro($ atau re'resentasi ariconstruct $ang a'at iu&ur engan berbagai macamnilai.
Nilai variabel tergantung 'aa construct $ang ia&ilin$a.Nilai variabel a'at beru'a ang&a atau atribut $angmengguna&an u&uran atau s&ala alam suatu &isarannilai.
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Abstrak
Realitas
Teori
"enomena
Alam
Subek#$bek
Penelitian
%ariabel&
%ariabel
!onstruct
Proksi Pen ukurann
'ambaran Sistematik
Kebutuhan
(lmiah
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Ti'e 4ariabel Penelitian
Dili"at Dari:
5. 6ungsi variabel
7. 0&ala Nilai variabel
8. Perla&u&an Ter"aa' variabel
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4ariabel ili"at ari fungsin$a:
4ariabel ine'enen
4ariabel e'enen.
4ariabel Moerating
4ariabel Intervening.
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4ariabel ili"at ari 0&ala Nilain$a
4ariabel &ontinu $aitu variabel $ang memili&i
&um'ulan nilai $ang teratur alam &isaran
tertentu. Misal Tinggi#seang, satu sam'aiengan 9
4ariabel /ategoris $aitu variabel $ang memili&i
nilai berasar&an &aegori tertentu s&alanominal; *onto": 0i&a':+ai&#buru&,
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Dili"at Dari Perla&uann$a
4aariabel a&tif $aitu variabel#variabel $ang
imani'ulasi untu& &e'erluan 'enelitian
e&s'erimen.4ariabel atribut $aitu variabel $ang tia& a'at
imani'ulasi untu& &e'erluan riset, conto":
Intelegensi, si&a',-enis &elamin sb.
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Definisi O'erasional
Definisi O'erasional aala" 'enentuan construct
se"ingga men-ai variabel $ang a'at iu&ur.
Men-elas&an cara tertentu $ang iguna&an untu&mengo'ersional&an construct se"ingga
memung&in&an bagi 'eneliti lain untu&
mela&u&an re'li&asi 'engu&uran engan cara$ang sama atau mengembang&an cara
'engu&uran cosntruct $ang lebi" bai&.
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Teori Dan Penelitian
Pnelitian 'aa asarn$a meru'a&an o'erasionalisasi
ari metoe ilmia", $aitu metoe $ang iguna&an untu&
mem'erole" 'engeta"uan ilmia".Teori meru'a&an bagian ari ilmu $ang memberi&an
'en-elasan mengenai fenomena alam. /arena teori
bagian ari ilmu ma&a memili&i -alinan erat engan
'enelitian.Penelitian meru'a&an 'roses $ang sistematis untu&
mengembang&an teori.
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Posisi an Peran teori
<ntu& 'enelitian &uantitatif, teori melanasi 'erumusan
amsala", 'engembangan "i'otesis, 'engu-ian ata an
'embuatan &esim'ulan, se"ingga "asiln$a bisau&ungan atau 'enola&an ter"aa' teori.,
Dalam 'enelitian &ualitatif, teori meru'a&an &ulminasi
ari 'enelitian &ualitatif $ang isusun melalui 'roses
'engum'ulan ata, &ategorisasi ata an'engembangan 'ola atau susunan teori.
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'ambar. Penelitian Deduktif dalam Paradigma Kuantitatif
P)*)+(T( ,)*'-( K$*STR-KS( T)$R(
P)*)+(T( ,)*'-( /(P$T)S(S#P)RTA*0AA*
P)*)+(T(A* 0A*' D(P)R$+)/ DAR( T)$R(
P)*)+(T( ,)*'$P)RAS($*A+KA* K$*S)P
1!$*STR-!T2 ATA- %AR(A3)+&%AR(A3)+ 0A*'
D(P)R$+)/ DAR( T)$R(.
P)*)+(T( ,)*''-*AKA* (*STR-,)* -*T-K
,)*'-K-R %AR(A3)+&%AR(A3)+ DA+A, T)$R(
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'A,3AR. P)*)+(T(A* (*D-KT(" DA+A, PARAD(',A K-A+(TAT("
P)*)+(T( ,)*0-S-* K$*STR-KS( T)$R( ATA-
,),3A*D(*'KA* T)$R( D)*'A* T)$R( +A(*
P)*)+(T( ,)*!AR( T)$R(&T)$R(
P)*)+(T( ,),3)*T-K KAT)'$R(&KAT)'$R(.
P)*)+(T( ,)*A4A3 P)RTA*0AA*&
P)RTA*0AA*
P)*)+(T( ,)*'-,P-+KA* (*"$R,AS(
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PROPO0I0I DAN 2IPOTE0I0
Pro'osisi meru'a&an ung&a'an atau 'ern$ataan
$ang a'at i'erca$a, isang&al atau iu-i
&ebenarann$a, megenai &onse' atau construct$ang men-elas&an atau mem'rei&si fenomena#
fenomena.
Pro'osisi $ang irumus&an engan ma&suuntu& iu-i secara em'iris isebut "i'otesis.