metals and non-metals chapter 3 - cbsecbse.nic.in/publications/fa_science_x/cbse-class-x (science)...
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31
Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Metals and Non-Metals - Chapter 3
c. Whatisthebrownflakysubstance?
d. Whatarethecommonvalenciesshownbymetal‘M’?
Suggested Remediation:
● Somestudentsmayfinditdifficult toremembervariousreactionsandpropertiesofmetals, their compounds and gases evolved during reactions of the carbonates andsulphideoreswithdiluteacids.Theymaybeencouragedtotabulatevariousreactionsofmetalsingeneralformandbefamiliarwithallthereactions.
● Revisitingchapter1‘ChemicalReactionsandEquations’mayberequiredforstudentswhofinditdifficulttowritebalancedchemicalreactions.
● Attentionofthestudentsmaybedrawntowardscategorisingthereactionsintovarioustypesstudiedinchapter1.
Metals and Non-metals Chapter 3
Assessment Technique:MultipleChoiceQuestionsBasedWorksheet
Objectives:Toenablestudentsto-
● Recallvariousphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmetalsandnon-metals.
● DrawcorrelationbetweentheoxideofanelementandpHofitsaqueoussolution.
● Recallreactivityseriesofmetalstopredicttheproductsofareaction.
● Applytheconceptualknowledgetodailyusesoftheelements.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
ThestudentsmaybegiventhefollowingMCQbasedworksheetaftertheteaching-learningofthecompleteunit‘MetalsandNon-metals’tostrengthentheconcepts.
Assessment Parameters:Eachofthefollowingquestionsmaybeassessedgivingequalweightageof1marktoeachcorrectanswer.
Student Worksheet: Time: 30 minutes
Choosethemostcurrentineachofthefollowing:
1. Ailthefollowingmaterialsshowpropertyofmalleabilityexcept
a. Iron b. Graphite c. Aluminium d. Silver
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Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-Metals Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
2. Thesolutionofashobtainedafterburningmagnesiumribboninairwillturn.
a. Redlitmustobluebecauseitisacidicinnature.
b. Bluelitmustoredbecauseitisbasicinnature.
c. bluelitmustoredbecauseifisacidicinnature.
d. Redlitmustobluebecauseitisbasicinnature.
3. ___x____istheproductformedwhensulphurreactswithoxygen,itdissolvesinwatertoproduce___y___Choosecorrecloplionforxandy.
X Y
a SO2 Acid
b SO3 Neutral
c SO2 Base
d SO3 Acid
4. Sodiummetal isstored in___x___because it reactsvigoursly toproduce___y___ Choosethecorrectoptionforxandy.
X Y
a Water Acidicoxide
b Alcohol Neutraloxide
c Kerosene Basicoxide
d Airtightcontainer Acidiccarbonate
5. Metal___x___reactsvigorouslywithwatertoproducegas__y__whichburnswiththe“pop”soundChoosethecorrectoptionforxandy.
X Y
a Sodium Oxygen
b Magnesium Oxygen
c Sodium Hydrogen
d Sodium Sodiumoxide
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Metals and Non-Metals - Chapter 3
6. Whichofthefollowingcanbebeatenintothinsheets?
a. Zinc b. Phosphorus c. Sulphur d. Oxygen
7. Read the followingstatementscarefullyandselect thecorrect statementsabout thephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmetals-
I. Allmetalsareductile
II. Generallymetalsareductile
III. Metals which are more reactive than hydrogen react with acids to releasehydrogengas.
IV. Allmetalsreactwithacidstoreleasehydrogengas.
Thecorrectstatementoftheaboveare-
a) 1andIV b) IandIII,
c) II and III d) II and IV
8. Aluminiumfoilisusedforwrappingfoodbecause-
a. Itisductile b. Itismalleable
c. Itisagoodconductorofheat d. Itissonorous
9. Whathappenswhendilutesulphuricacidispouredonacopperplate? a. Noreactiontakesplace b. Zincsulphateformed c. Copperchlorideformed d. Coppersulphateformed.
10. Whichmaterialishardinnature?
a. Iron b. Graphite c. Oxygen d. sodium
11. Whichoneofthefollowingmetalisusedinthermometers? a. Copper b. Mercury c. Aluminium d. Iron
12. Correctthestatementbysubstitutingthexandywithcorrectoption.
Xcan’tbedrawnintowiresbecauseitisnotYinnature.
X Y
a Coal Ductile
b Copper Malleable
c Aluminium Ductile
d Coal Malleable
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Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-Metals Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
13. Zincreplacescopperfrom_X__solutionbecauseitis__Y___thancopper.SubstituteXandYwithcorrectoption.
X Y
a Zincsulphate Less reactive
b Coppersulphate more reactive
c sulphuricacid more reactive
d Coppersulphate Less reactive
14. Mostmetallicoxidesare-
a. Acidicisnature b. Neutralinnature
c. Basicinnature d. Amphotericinnature
15. ___X___isusedfordecoratingsweetsbecauseitis_Y___innature?SubstituteXandY with correct choice.
X Y
a Silverfoil Ductile
b Copperfoil Malleable
c Aluminiumfoil Ductile
d Silverfoil Malleable
Suggested Remediation:
● Some students may find it difficult to remember difference between ductility andmalleabilitySpendingtimeonQ.13and15willhelpremovethisdifficulty.Moreoversomemnemonicmaybegiventothestudentseg.Drawnintowires-Ductility.
● Somestudentsmayfinditdifficulttocomprehendthedifferencebetweenthesentences-’allmetals—’and‘generallymostmetalshave theproperty—teachershouldhelptheminunderstandingthedifference.
● Thisworksheetshouldbeabletohelpdiagnoseanydifficultiesintheunderstandingoftheconceptsofphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmetalsandnon-metals.
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique:Contentbasedworksheet
Objectives:Toenablestudentsto-:
● Learnthatethylalcoholisamajorcomponentofwine.
● Learnthatvinegaris5-8%solutionofethanoicacid.
● UnderstandthatethanolisoxidizedtoethanoicacidonheatingwithAlkalineKMnO4 oracidifiedPotassiumdichromate.
● Tocorrelatethegivenfactsaboutanorganiccompoundtosolveaproblemidentificationofunknowncompound
Task: Individual
Proc:edure: The followingworksheet may be given to the students after a teaching-learningepisodeonchemicalandphysicalpropertiesofethanolandvinegar.
Teachersmaygivethefollowinginformationtothestudentsasarecallbeforegivingthemtheworksheet-
● CH3CH2OHisamajorcomponentofwine.
● AlcoholsonoxidationwithAlkalineKMnO4oracidifiedPotassiumdichromateareconvertedtocarboxylicacids.
● Example:CH3CH2OH CH3COOH
● Vinegaris5-8%solutionofethanoicacid,itiswidelyusedasapreservativeinpickles.
Stupent Worksheet Time = 10 min
Studythegivenproblemcarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions:
Problem-
AnorganiccompoundA(C2H4O2)isaconstituentofwine.Thiscompound,onheatingwithalkalinepotassiumpermanganategetsoxidisedto,give,anothercompoundBwhichturnsbluelitmusred.
Q1. IdentifycompoundA.Writedownitschemicalnameandchemicalformula.
Chemicalname___________________________________________________
Chemicalformula___________________________________________________
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Q2. IdentifycompoundB.Writedownitschemicalnameanditschemicalformula.
Chemicalname___________________________________________________
Chemicalformula___________________________________________________
Q3. IdentifythefunctionalgroupsinthecompoundsAandB.
Q4. Write the chemical equation for. the reaction of A with alkaline KMnO4 to produce B.
Q5. NamethetypeofreactionthattakesplaceforformationofBfromA.
Q6. WhatisthenatureofcompoundB?
Q7. Whatis5-8%solutionofBinwatercalled?
Suggested Remediation:
● Some students may not be able to identify the compounds in the given problem.Help them recall thepropertiesof theorganic compounds in the10th std syllabus.Encouragethestudentstomakeatableofpropertiesofalltheorganiccompoundsintheircourse.
● Some students may find it difficult to write the chemical formula or identify thefunctionalgroupsofthecompoundstheymaybehelpedbygivingsomeextrataskofsolvingproblems,writingtheformulaandidentificationofthefunctionalgroup.
● Teachermaytakeupaquizintheclasswhereonegroupposesthequestionandotheranswers.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique:Demonstrationbasedworksheet
Objectives:Toenablestudentsto
● Understandthatalcoholsandcarboxylicacidreactinpresenceofanacidcatalysttoformestersandthereactionisknownasetherificationreaction.
● Learnthatestersaresweetsmellingcompoundsandareusedinmakingperfumesandflavouringagents.
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
● Enhancetheirobservationskill.
● Correlatetheoccurrenceofachemicalreactiontotheevolutionofsweetodour.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
Teachersmayperformactivityno.4.8onpage73,ofclassXNCERTSciencetextbookandmayexplainthat—
● Alcoholsandcarboxylicacidreactinpresenceofacidcatalysttoformestersandthereactionisknownasetherification.
● Thechemicalreactioninvolvedintheprocessis-
CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH CH3COOC2H5
● Themixtureistobeheatedinawaterbathasalcoholisinflammable.
● Estersaresweetsmellingcompoundsandareusedinmakingperfumesandflavouringagents.
Assessment criteria —
Theteachermaymarktheanswerstothequestionsgivenintheworksheetbykeepingaweightageof2markseachforQ.l&Q.2and1markeachforQ3toQ8
Student Worksheet Time: 10 min
Onthebasisoftheactivityperformed,answerthefollowingquestions-
Ql. Namethetworeactantstaken.
(a) __________________________________
(b) __________________________________
Q2. Identifythefunctionalgrouppresentinthetworeactants.
(a) __________________________________
(b) __________________________________
Q3. Whyisthereactionmixtureheatedonawaterbath?
Q4. Mentiononeidentificationcharacteristicoftheproductformed.
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Q5. Whatisthegeneralnameofthefunctionalgroupoftheproductformed?
Q6. Giveoneuseofthegroupofcompoundstowhichtheproductformedbelongs.
Q7. Whatisthenamegiventothistypeofreactions.
Q8. Writeachemicalequationforthereactionthathastakenplace.
Suggested Remediation:
● Somestudentsmayfinditdifficulttounderstandtheformationofanesterandlinkagesintheestergroupwhencarboxylicacidandalcoholreactwitheachother.Theteachermayexplainthisbydepictingtheremovalofwaterfromthereactantsontheboardandmakingthestudentsrecallthatconcentratedsulphuricacidisadehydratingagent,i.eitremoveswater.Theteachermayevenshowcharringofapaperwhenconc.sulphuricaciddropsfallonit.
● Asanextensiontotheaboveactivitytheteachermayhelpthestudentsappreciatethereversereactionofesterification,i.e.saponification.
● Somestudentsmayfinditdifficulttogivereasonforheatingthereactionmixtureonawaterbath,helptheminunderstandingthisby-
1. makingthemcomparetheboilingpointsofwater,alcoholandaceticacid
2. drawingtheirattentiontowardsthefactthattheseorganiccompoundsarehighlyinflammableandundergocombustiontoproduceCO2 and water
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment Technique:Databasedworksheet
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto:
● learnthatagroupofcompoundswithsamefunctionalgrouparecalledHomologues
● discover that in a homologous series thedifference in the formulaof two adjacentcompoundsisof‘-CH2’anddifferenceinmolecularmassis‘-14u’
● appreciatethatchemicalpropertiesofmembersofaHomologousseriesaresimilar,.formulatethegeneralformulaforahomologousseries.
● PredictthenextmembersofaHomologousseries.
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
Task: Individual
Procedure:
Teachermaygivethisworksheettothestudentsafter,theyhavelearnttoderiveageneralformulaforcompoundswithsamefunctionalgroups.ThefollowingbriefideaboutaHomologousseriesmaybegiventothestudents.
● AseriesofcompoundswithsamefunctionalgroupiscalledaHomologousseries.
● EachHomologousseriescanbegivenaGeneralformulainwhichnumberofcarbonatomisdenotedbynandthennumberofhydrogenisrelatedton.Ifanyotherhetroelementlike‘O’(oxygen)ispresentinthecompound,itsnumberisalsowrittenasasubscript.e.g.generalformulaofaekanseriesisCnH2n+2
● IfoneknowsthegeneralformulaofaHomologousseries,themolecularformulaofmemberscanbewritten.Afterthecompletionoftheworksheetteachermayaddothersignificantinformationrelatedtotheconcept.
Assessment Pararneters
Question1: carries3marks
Question2: 6carries1markeach
Question7: carries2marks.
Student Worksheet Time: 15 minutes
Instructions:
Fewpairof.organiccompoundsaregivenbelow:
A. CH3OH&C2H5OH
B. C2H5OH&C3H7OH
C. C3H7OH&C4H9OH
Atomicmass:C=12u,H=1u,O=16u
Answerthefollowingquestionsonthebasisofabovedata.
Q1. Calculatethedifferenceinformulaandmolecularmassesinthepairsgivenabovea,b,and c.
Forpair(a)Differenceinformula:________;Differenceinmolecularmass:________
Forpair(a)Differenceinformula:________;Differenceinmolecularmass:________
Forpair(a)Differenceinformula:________;Differenceinmolecularmass:________
Q2. Whatiscommonintheaboveresult?
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Q3. NamethefunctionalGroup/GroupspresentintheHydrocarbonslistedabove.
Q4. Arrangetheabovehydrocarbonsinorderofincreasingnumberofcarbonatoms.
Q5. Whatissuchtypeofseriescalled?
Q6. WritedownageneralformulafortheseriesformedinQuestionNo.4indicatingthenumberofC,HandOatom.
Q7. WiththehelpoftheresultofQuestionNo.1writethenexttwomembersofthisseriesobtainedinQuestionNo.4.
i) _______________________________________________________________
ii) _______________________________________________________________
Suggested Remediation:
● Somestudentsmayfinditdifficulttogeneralizethattwoadjacentmembersofseriesofsametypeofcompoundshavedifferenceof-’CH2groupinformulaand‘14u’inmolecularmass.Teachermayhelpthemrealisethisbygivingmoreexamples.
● Somestudentsmayfinditdifficulttomakethegeneralformula,teachermayhelpthembygivingthemexamplesofserieswithotherfunctionalgroups(eg.alkenes,alkenesetc.)
● Somestudentsfinditdifficulttoextendtheseriesbyaddingmoremembers.Teachermayexplain,theconceptagaintothem.
● FurtherteachermayaddthatchemicalpropertiesofthemembersofaHomologousseriesaresameastheyallhavesamefunctionalgroupandchemicalpropertiesofacompoundmainlydependsonthefunctionalgrouppresentinit.Dataaboutphysicalpropertiesofmembersofahomologousseriesmaybesharedwiththestudentstomakethemappreciatetheconstantgradationinthephysicalpropertiesofthehomologues.
Carbon and its Compounds: Chapter 4
Assessment Technique:Project
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto-● Gainexpertiseintheskillofnaminghydrocarbons● Writethestructuralformulaofhydrocarbons
Task: Individual
Procedure:
The teachermaygive this task to thestudentsafterexplaining theconceptofnomenclatureofhydrocarbons.
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
Namingofacarboncompoundcanbedoneusingthefollowingsteps.Identifythelongestchainin thecompoundcarryingfunctionalgroupandcount thenumberofcarbonatomsinthat.Thenumberofcarbonatomsinthelongestchainformtherootword.
Nunber of carbons Word Root
1 meth
2 eth
3 prop
4 but
5 pent
6 hex
7 hept
8 oct
9 non
10 dec
Prefixesandsuffixesmaybeaddedtotherootwordaccordingtotheirpresenceinthecompoundasfollows(thefollowingrulessufficetheclassXsyllabusofCBSEandareinaccordancewithNCERTclassXsciencebook)-
Prefix+Rootword+primarysuffix+secondarysuffix
Primarysuffixes
Identification group Class of compound Suffix
Singlebonds Alkane ane
Doublebond Alkene ene
Triplebond Alkyne yne
Prefixes
Structure of functional qroup
Class of compound
Prefix
CI,Br halides –Chloro,
– bromo
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
SecondarySuffixes
Structure of functional qroup
Class of compound
Suffix
-OH alcohols -ol
-CHO aldehydes -al
-CO– ketones -one
-COOH Carboxylic
acids
-oicacid
Student Worksheet Time: 5-6 Days
Aim of the Project:
Tostudythetechniqueofnamingdifferenthydrocarbonsandnameminimum30hydrocarbonandalsowritetheirstructuralformula.
Project Report:
Thestudentsmaybeaskedtoprepareawrittenreportoftheprojectundertakenusingtheformatgivenbelow:
● AimoftheProject
● Introduction
● Theory
● Procedure
● Result
Assessment parameters:
AreaofAssessment ValuePoints
Presentation 2
Content 2
Result 2
Creativity 2
Viva 2
Total 10
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
Suggested Remediation:
● A few students may find it difficult to write the correct name or structure of thesimplehydrocarbons,theymaybe-encouragedtonamethesimplecompoundsfirstbyfollowingtheruies.
● Some studentsmay and it difficult to differentiate betweenbaldheads, ketenes andalcohols.whenwrittenincondensedform,theymaybehelpedbywritingtheopenandcondensedstructuresofthesamecompound.
● Some studentsmay forget to count the carbon of carboxyl group in the base(root)chain.Teachermayreiteratethatallthecarbonsthatarelinkedtoeachotherinachainwithoutanyhetroatom(O,Netc.)inbetweenaretobecountedinthechain.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment Technique:DiagramBasedWorksheet
Objectives:
Toenablethestudentsto-
● appreciatethatsomeelementsformcompoundsbysharingofelectronstoform,covalentbondsUnderstandthatcarbonwithfourvalenceelectrons,formsonlycovalentbonds.
● Correlate the bonds formed as single, double or triple to the number of pairs ofelectronssharedbetweentheatoms,learnwritingelectronicdotstructureforformationof covalent compounds calculate and identify the number and types of bonds in acompoundformedbysharingofelectrons.
Task: Individual Procedure
Teachersmaygivethisworksheettothestudentsafterteaching-learningexperienceofbondingincarbon.
● Carbonhas4electronsinoutermostshellsoitcanneitherlooseelectronsnoracceptelectronstoattainanoblegasconfigurationasboththeprocessesinvolvehighenergy.Soitformsbondbysharingitsvalenceelectronswithatomsofotherelementstogainanorateofelectrons.Thesharedelectronsbelongtotheoutermostshellsofboththeatomsandleadtobothatomsattainingthenobleasconfiguration.
● Thebondformedbysharingelectronsiscalledcovalentbond,Notonlycarbon,butmanyotherelementsformmoleculesbysharingelectrons.
● Asinglecovalentbond representedbya linebetween the twoatoms, is formedbysharingonepairofelectrons.
● Adoublebond representedbytwolinesbetweenthetwoatoms,isformedbysharingtwopairofelectrons.
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
● ATriplebondrepresentedbythreelinesbetweenthetwoatoms,isformedbysharing3pairsofelectronsbetweentwoatoms.
Assessment Parameters:
Question1-8 carriesonemarkeach.
Question9 carry2marks.
Student Worksheet Time: 10 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS:
Lookatthefollowingdiagramshowingelectronicdotstructurecarefullyandanswertheirquestionsthatfollow:
Figure4.3,4.4,4.5page44ofclassX,NCERT,ScienceTextBook.
Q1. NamethemoleculewhoseelectronicdotstructureisdepictedindiagramIandIII
Q2. Identifythetypeofbondbeingformedinthemoleculesshownabove.
Q3. Howmanypairsofelectronsarebeingsharedbetweenthetwoatomsofoxygen?
Q4. HowmanybondsareformedbetweentwoatomsofOxygen?
Q5. WritedownthestructuralformulaofthecompoundbeingshownindiagramIII.
Q6. WritetheelectronicdotstructureofMethane.
Q7. Writetheelectronicdotstructureofethene
Q8. Writetheelectronicdotstructureofpropane
Q9. Givethenumberofdifferenttypeofbondspresentinonemoleculeofpropane.
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
Suggested Remediation:● Somestudentsmaynotknowthemolecularformulaofmethane,ethaneandpropane,
teachermaygivethemtheformulabeforeaskingtowritetheelectrondotstructuresofthesecompounds.
● Some studentsmay and it difficult to recollect the number of valence electrons incarbon and hydrogen atom and their placement around the central atom for bondformation.Theymaybehelpedbyaskingthemtowritetheelectronicconfigurationsoftheelementstofindthenumberofvalenceelectronsandvaliancysomestudentsmaymiss,abondwhilecountingdifferenttypeofbonds.
● Theymaybe asked to be cautiouswhile counting the number of bonds in case ofdoubleandtriplebondedcompounds.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapterh 4
Assessment Technique:ContentbasedAssessment.
Objective:Toenablethestudentsto
● Recall chemical properties of hydrocarbons, alcohols and carboxylic acids.Writechemicalequations for theorganic reactionswithmainproducts formedduring thereaction.
● Drawcorrelationsbetweenthetypeoffunctionalgroupandthechemicalpropertiesoforganiccompounds.
● Recognise various reagents like -a reducing or an oxidising agent used in organicreactions.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
Thefollowingformativeassessmentsheetmaybegiventothestudentstoassesstheirunderstandingofthechemicalpropertiesshownbyhydrocarbons,alcoholsandcarboxylicacids.
Arevisionofthefollowingconceptsmaybedonebeforetheassessment.
● Hydrocarbonsburn,inoxygentogivecarbondioxide,waterandheat.
● AlcoholwhenheatedwithAlkalineKMnO4 or acidifiedpotassiumdichromate, areconvertedtocarboxylicacid.
● UnsaturatedhydrocarbonsaddhydrogeninthepresenceofcatalystssuchasPalladiumornickeltogivesaturatedhydrocarbons.
● Inthepresenceofsunlight,saturatedhydrocarbonsundergosubstitutionreactingwithchlorine.
● Alcoholreactwithsodiummetaltoformsodiumalkoxideandhydrogengas.
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
● Onheatingethanolwithexcesscone.H2SO4at443Kethaneandwaterisformed.
● Whencarboxylicacidandalcoholreactingpresenceofacid,sweetsmellingesterisformedandesterreactinpresenceofanacidorabasetogivebackthealcoholandcarboxylicacid.
● CarboxylicacidreactswithabaselikeNaOHtogivesodiumsaltofcarboxylicacidand water.
● Carboxylicacidreactswithcarbonatesandhydrogencarbonatestogivesalts,waterandcarbondioxide.
Assessment Parameters:
Onemarkforeverycorrectchemicalequation.Thereactionsshouldclearlyshowthecatalystusedandthemajorproductsformed.Balancingoforganicreactionsisnotmust.ReactionsgiveninNCERT.chapterIV,classXtextbookmaybeusedascriteriaofmarking.
Student Worksheet Time: 20 minutes
Writebalancedchemicalequationforthefollowingchemicalreaction:
A. CombustionofMethane.
B. Reactionofethanolwithhotalkalinepotassiumpermanganate.
C. ReactionofpropenewithHydrogeninpresenceofpalladiumornickel
D. ReactionofMethanewithchlorineinpresenceofsunlight.
F. ReactionofethanolwithSodiumMetal
G. Whenethanolisreactedwithhotconc.SulphuricAcid.
H. Reactionofethanoicacidwithethanolinpresenceconc.H2SO4.
I. Reactionofethylethanoate(CH3COOC2H5)withSodiumhydroxide.
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
J. Reactionofethanoicacidwithsodiumhydroxide.
K. ReactionofethanoicacidwithSodiumbicarbonate
Suggested Remediation:
● Some.studentsmayfinditdifficulttowritethecorrectformulaofanorganiccompound.Teachermayencouragethestudentstowritethegeneralformulaeandthefunctionalgroupsoforganiccompoundsin theirsyllabusonachartandrevisit thenamingoforganiccompounds.
● Some studentsmay find it difficult to recall the products of the chemical reactionorbalancetheequation.Theteachermayaskthemtotabulateallthereactionsofaparticularfunctionalgrouptogetheranddrawcorrelationsinthereactions.Correlationsserveasamemorytool.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique:ContentBased(orWritingchemicalformula)
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto
● Writedownthemolecularformulaofhydrocarbons.
● Recognisethefunctionalgroupthroughthenameofthehydrocarbon.
● Appreciatethatifmolecularformulaandfunctionalgrouppresentinthecompoundisknown,structureofthecompoundcanbewritten.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
This worksheet may be given to the students after teaching them the nomenclature of thehydrocarbonsandskillofdrawingthestructureofhydrocarbon.
Assessment parameter:Everycorrectanswercarries1mark.
Student Worksheet Time: 10 min.
Instructions:
Writethemolecularformulaanddrawthestructureforthefollowingcompounds.
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Compound Molecular formula Structure
Ethanoicacid
Bromopentane
Butanone
Hexanal
Heptyne
Suggested Remediation:
● Somestudentsmaynotbeabletorecallthemolecularformulaofthecompoundsomaydrawthestructurewrong,Teachermayneedtorepeattherevisionexercise.
● AfewstudentsmaynotcountCarbonofCarboxylgroupinthebasechainandmaywriteethanoicacidasC2H5COOH.Teachermayneedtorevisetheconcept-andexplainthenthatallthecarbonsthatarelinkedtoeachotherinachainwithoutanyheteroatominbetweenaretobecountedinrootchain.
● Somestudentsmayassumethehexanaltobeanalcohol.
● Somestudentsmaynotconsiderthebalanceofcarbonwhilewritingthestructureofcompounde.g.Heptyneandcarbonmaybeforming5bonds.Teacherneedtoexplaintothemthesignificanceofnumberofbondsfermedbyacarbonatom.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique:DatabasedWorksheet
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto
● UnderstandtheHomologousseriesanditscharacteristics.
● WritethegeneralformulaofHomologousseries.
● Apply thegeneral formulaofahomologousseries to identifyanycompound inheseries.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
Teachermay give thisworksheet to the students after teaching - learning the concept ofThehomologousseries.
Teachermaygivethefollowinginformationtothestudentsasarecall:-
● AserieswiththehydrocarbonshavingsamefunctionalgroupiscalledHomologousseries.
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
● Differenceintheformulaandmolecularmassoftwoconsecutivecompoundsmembersofsame
● Homologousseriesis‘-CH2’and-14urespectively.
● A homologous series can be identified with a general formula which helps in determiningtheothermembersoftheseries.
Assessment parameters:Asindicatedintheworksheet.
Student Worksheet Time: 10 minutes
Instructions:
Arunwrotefewseriesofhydrocarbonandleftblanksinbetween.Lookatthechemicalformulaintheseriesofhydrocarbonscarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollow:
I II III IV VCH4 C2H4 C2H2 CH3OH DC2H6 C3H6 B C2H5OH CH3COOHC3H8 A C4H6 C3H7OH C2H5COOHC4H10 C5H10 C5H8 C C3H7COOH
Ql. WhatisthedifferenceintheformulaandmolecularmassbetweenC2H6&C3H8;C3H8 andC4H10?
Q2. WhataresuchseriesofHydrocarbonscalled?
Q3. SubstitutetheblanksA,B,C,Dwithcorrectchemicalformulaofthecompound.
A. _________________________ B. _________________________
C. _________________________ D. _________________________
Q4. NamethefunctionalgrouppresentintheseriesIV&V.
Q5. Whichisthefirstmemberofthealkaneseries?
Q6. Whatisthegeneralformulaofthehomologousseriesofalkyneandalcohol.
Q7. Name the chemical formula of 6thmember of alkyne series and 15thmember of alcohol series.
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Suggested Remediation:
● Somestudentsmaynotbeabletomakeandusethegeneralformulaofhomologousseriesofalkyneandalcohol.Theymaybegivenmorepracticeusingdifferentexamplesfromsameanddifferenthomologousseries.
● SomestudentsmaynottoabletoidentifythecompoundandfunctionalgrouppresentinthatHelpthemtorecallthesame.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique:FactsbasedWorksheet
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto
● Learnthebasicfactsaboutcarbonatomlikeelectronicconfiguration,valencyanditscombustion.
● understandtheversatilenatureofcarbonatom.
● Appreciatethatcarbonformscompoundsbysharingelectrons.
● Learnthatalkanesaresaturatedbutalkenesandalkynesareunsaturated
● hydrocarbonswherepairofcarbonsarebondedwithdoubleandtriplecovalentbondrespectively.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
Teachermaygivethisworksheettothestudentsafterdiscussingaboutthenatureofcarbonatomanditsbondingability
Teachermaygivethefollowinginformationtothestudentsasarecall:-
● CompoundsofcarbonandhydrogenarecalledHydrocarbons.
● Carbonformscovalentbondsbysharingtheelectrons.
● Alkanesaresaturatedhydrocarbonswithapairofcarbonatomsbondedtogetherwithdoublebond.
● Alkynesareunsaturatedhydrocarbonswithapairofcarbonatomsondedtogetherwithtriplebond.
● HydrocarbonsoncombustionproduceCO2,H2Oheatandenergy.
● Functionalgroupareatomsorgroupofatomspresentinhydrocarbonwhichdeterminesitschemicalproperties.
Assessment parameters:Asindicatedintheworksheet.(Q1-Q81mark)
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
Student Worksheet Time : 10 min
Kunalgotafactsheetaboutcarbonatomwhichhasstormedhisbrainwithmanyquestions.
● Atomicnumberofcarbonis6.
● Itistetravalentinnaturethatiswhyonecarbonatomcombineswith4Hydrogenatomtoformmethane.
● Itcanneithergiveelectronortakeelectrontoformacompound.
● Ithasaversetilenatureand formmanyhydrocarbon likealkanesalkenes,alkynes,alcohol,carboxylicacid.
● The chemical properties of hydrocarbon , are determined by the functional grouppresentinit.
Fewofthequestionsarelistedbelowcanyouhelphimwiththeanswers.Tryit
Q1. Whatistheelectronicconfigurationofcarbon?
Q2. Carbonistetravalentinnature.Whatdoesitmean?
Q3. Whatisthevalanceofcarboninethane?
Q4. Carbonneithergiveselectronortakeselectronthenhowdoesitcompleteitsoctetandwhatisthetypeofbondtoformed.
Q5. Whatisahydrocarbon?
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Q6. Whatisthedifferencebetweenalkanesandalkenes?
Q7. When carbon is burnt carbon dioxide is formed.Name the products formedwhenhydrocarbonsareburnt.
Q8. Whatisafunctionalgroup?
Q9. Whydoescarbonformmanycompounds?(Givetworeasons)
1.
2.
Suggested Remediation:
● A fewstudentsmaybepuzzled tofindout thevalenceof carbon in ether.Teachermayneedtoexplain.Ascarbonthatvalenceofcarbonneverchanges(ValenceistheCapacitytoformbondshasfourelectroninoutermostshellitsvaluanceis4)
● A few students may write that alkanes are saturated and alkenes are unsaturatedhydrocarbonoralkeneshaveonepairofcarbonatomsbondedwithdoublebond.
● AfewstudentsmaynotcorrelatethatoneofthemajorcomponentofhydrocarboniscarbonandthereforetheircombustionalsoleadstotheproductionofCO2andH2OheatandlightTeachermayhelpthemtounderstand.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique:FormulaBasedWorksheet(Brainstorming)
Objectives:Toenablethelearnersto
● Learnthemolecularformulaofahydrocarbonandwithitsstructureandversa.
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Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
● Establish the relation betweenHydrocarbon’smolecular formula and structure andname
● Applytheconceptofnomenclatureofhydrocarbon.
Task : Individual
Procedure:
TeachermaygivethisworksheettothestudentstoaccesstheirunderstandingofNomenclatureofhydrocarbonsandskillofdrawingthestructureofthehydrcabon,
Assessment parameter:Eachquestioncarries2marks
Student Worksheet Time: 10 min.
Instructions:
Givenbelowarethename,molecularformulaandstructureofafewhydrocarbons.Inoneofthethreecolumns,thereissomeerror.Identifythewrongentryandwritethecorrectanswerintheboxgivenbeside.
Hydrocarbon Formula Structure
Propanol C3H8O
H H H| | |
H — C—C— C = O| |H H
Chlorobutane C4H8CI
H H H H| | | |
H — C—C— C — C —Cl| | | |H H H H
Ethanoicacid C2H5COOH
H H O| | ||
H — C—C— C — OH| |H H
Propanone C3H7O
H O H| || |
H — C—C— C —H| |H H
54
Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Heptyne C7H14
H H H H H| | | | |
H — C—C— C — C — C— C = C—H| | | | |H H H H H
Suggested Remediation:
● Somestudentsmaynotbeabletoestablishtherelationofhydrocarbon-name,molecularformula,structure,theyneedtobegivenmorepractice.
● Somestudentsmaynotbeabletorecallthemolecularformula.
● Somemaynotincludethecarbonofcarboxylgroupinbasechain.Teachermayneedtoguidethem.
● Somestudentsmaynotcheckthevalenceofthecaronatome.g.(inHeptyne)andsomaynotfindanyerrorinquestion5.Theyneedtoexplainthesame.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique:Contentbased
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto
● understandandlearnthechemicalpropertiesofHydrocarbons..
● Identifythereactantsusedandproductsformedindifferentreactions.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
Teacher may give this worksheet to the students after teaching - learning the properties ofHydrocarbons.Assessmentparameter-1markforeachcorrectanswer
Student Worksheet
Instructions:
Mr.Puriexplained thechemicalpropertiesofhydrocarbons to studentsandwrote thechemicalequationsforthereactions.Heaskedthestudentstonotethemintheirnotebooks.Suddenlythebellrang.Ashemovedout,Rishelrubbedafewcompoundsfromtheblackboard.Nowstudentsareinafuss.Canyouhelptheminplacingchemicalformulaofcorrectcompoundtocompletethechemicalequationforthereactions:
55
Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
Try–
1. CH4+O2 _________________+H2O+heatandlight
AlkalineKMnO42. CH3–CH2–OH _________________
HH
NiCatalyst | |
3. _________________ R—C—C—R | | RR
Sunlight4. CH4+_________ CH3Cl+HCl
5. CH3CH2OH+2Na _______________
Hot.Conc.H2SO46. CH3CH2OH _______________
Acid7. CH3CH2OH+CH3COOH _______________
8. CH3CH2COOC2H5+NaOH _______________+C2H5OH
9. CH3COOH+_______________ CH3COONa+H2O
10. CH3COOH+NaHCO3 CH3COONa+H2O+_______________
Suggested Remediation:
● Somestudentsmayfinditdifficulttoidentifytheproductorguessthereactantusedinthe chemical reaction.
● Teachermayhelpthemrecallthelearningandrepheattherevisionexcerise.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique: Matchthecolumn
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto
● learnthenomenclatureofthehydrocarbonsapplytheunderstandingoftechniqueofnamingofhydrocarbons
● Identifythereactantsusedandproductsformedindifferentreactions.
Task : Individual
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Procedure:
● Teacher may give this worksheet to the students after teaching - learning ofNomenclatureofthehydrocarbons.Followingpointsmayberecalledinconcernwiththenomenclatureofhydrocarbons.
● Carboninthebasicchainwithfunctionalgroupisidentifiedandnamedusingsuitableprefixorsuffixforthefunctionalgroupe.g.ifitisalcoholsuffixusedis‘ol’andifaldehydesuffixusedis‘ol’.
● Tonameacyclicalkanesuffixusediscyclo.
● C6H6isbenzene.
Assessment parameter:1markforeverycorrectmatch.
Student Worksheet Time: 10 min.
Instructions:
MatchthestructuresofhydrocarbonsgivenincolumnBwiththeirIUPACnamesincolumnCandwritethecorrespondings.no.numbertothecorrectnameincolumnA
57
Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Carbon and its Compounds - Chapter 4
Suggested Remediation:
● Somestudentsmaynotrecall theprefixforaparticularnumberofcarbonandmaynamethebasechainwrong.
● Somestudentsmayconfusebetweentheprefix‘al’isforalcohol’.
● Afewstudentsmaynotdifferentiatethestructurecyclohexaneandbenzene.
● Afewstudentsmaynotcountthecarbonofcarboxylgroupinthebasechain.Teachermayrepeattherevisionexercise.
Carbon and its Compounds Chapter 4
Assessment technique:Matchthecolumn
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto
● Understandthenomenclatureofthehydrocarbons.
● Identifythenameofahydrocarbon.
● AppreciatethegeneralformulaofaHomologousseries.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
Teachermaygivethisworksheettothestudentstopracticethenomenclatureofthehydrocarbonsafterteachingthesame.
TypesofbondsanduseofgeneralformulaofaHomologousseriesshouldberecalledpriortothat.
● GeneralformulaofAlkanesseriesisCnH2n+2.lnitallthebondsaresingle.
● GeneralformulaofAlkenesisCnH2n.Itcontainsonedoublebond.
● GeneralformulaofAlkynesseriesisCnH2n–2.Itcontainsonetriplebond.
Assessment parameter:
1mark for every correctmatch and onemark for completing and verifying themagic squarecorrectly.
Student Worksheet Time: 10 min.
Instructions:
Putthenumberofthehintfromthelistintothesquarewithappropriatematch.Checkyouranswerbyaddingthenumberstoseeifallthesumoftherowsbothacrossanddownadduptothesamenumber,themagicnumber.
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Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
CH3COOH C5H10 CH3COOH Magicnumber
CH3CH2CI HCHO C15H32 Magicnumber
CH3COCH3 C6H10 C2H5OH Magicnumber
Magicnumber Magicnumber Magicnumber
HINT LIST:
1. Ethanol
2. Chloroethane
3. Analkene
4. Methanal
5. Itsdil.FormisusedasVinegar.
6. Ketonewith3carbonatom.
7. Analkyne
8. Containsatriplebond.
9. Analkane.
Suggested Remediation:
● Afewstudentsmaynotassociateallthesquareswiththecorrecthint,confusionmaybe between methanol and methanal.
● Studentscancheckthemselvesbyaddingthenumberintherowsandthinkovertheansweragainorteachermayhelpthemtorecall.
59
Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers Period Classification of Elements - Chapter 5
Period Classification of Elements Chapter 5
Assesment Technique: DataBasedWorksheet
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto-
● LearnthesalientfeaturesoftheModernPeriodictable.
● Understandthetrendsofdifferentpropertiesontheperiodictable.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
● ThisworksheetmaybegiventothestudentsafterrecallingthesalientfeaturesoftheperiodictableusingachartdisplayingModernPeriodicTable.
● Thevalenceelectronschangeacrossaperiodbutremainssameinthegroupsandsothevalency.
● Atomicsizedecreasesacrossaperiodbutincreasesdownthegroup.
● Metalliccharacterdecreasesacrossaperiodbutincreasesdownthegroup.
● Nonmetalliccharacterincreasesacrossaperiodbutdecreasesdownthegroup.
Assessment Parameter
½markforeachcorrectanswer
Student Worksheet
ReadthefollowinglineswrittenabouttheModernPeriodicTableandfillintheblanks
IamtheModernPeriodicTable,whereelementsarearrangedonthebasisof______________.I have ______________ Horizontal rows called______________ and ____________verticalcolumnsarecalled______________.Myfirstperiodisveryshortwith__________elements and2 and3Periodcontain____________elements, 4 and5has____________elements. 6 period has____________elements but 7 period is____________.With spaceformore elements. 17 group is of____________ 18 is of____________.Atomic size ofmyelements____________across theperiodbut____________down thegroupsameasthemetallic character but the nonmetallic character is____________to that Number ofvalenceelectrons____________acrosstheperiodsovariesthevalencybutvalencyoftheelementsis____________inagroup.AllthepropertiesofelementsarethePeriodicfuctionof____________.
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Chapter 5 - Period Classification of Elements Formative Assessment Manual for Teachers
Suggested Remediation:
● Afewstudentsmaynotrecollectthesalientfeaturesofthemodernperiodictable.
● thetablecanbedisplayedforthehelp.
● Afewstudentsmaynotrecallthetrendindifferentproperties.
● Teachermayexplainthesameagain.
● TeachermaysuggestthestudentstolearnthePoem.
Period Classification of Elements Class 5
Assesiytent Technique:Diagram/(PeriodicTable)BasedWorksheet
Objectives:Toenablethestudentsto-
● Appreciatetheperiodictrendsinpropertiesofelements.
● Learnsalientfeaturesofnewperiodictable.
● StudyandanalysethegiventablefortheplacementandpropertiesofelementsintheModernPeriodicTable.
Task: Individual
Procedure:
The teacher, may give the following worksheet after the teaching-learning about the modernperiodic table. The following informationmay be recalledwith the students before they startworkingontheworksheet:
● Elementsof1stgrouparecalledalkalimetals,
● 2ndgroupelementsarecalledalkalineEarthmetals,
● Elements of group 17 are called Halogens and that of group 18, are callednoblegases.
● Atomicnumberofelementsincreasesfromlefttorightintheperiodandtoptobottominthegroupinperiodictable.,
● Valency(thecombiningcapacity)ofanelementcanbe.determinedby-
1. Thenumberof,valenceelectronsifthenumberisequaltoorlessthan4.
2. (8-Valenceelectrons)ifthenumberofvalenceelectronsismorethan4.
3. Thegroupnumberforelementsofgroup1and2.