metals, non-metals and metalloids

14
Metals Non-Metals and Metalloids Mr. Johnston Saigon South International School

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This presentation follows metals and focuses on the transition metals over to the pure metals, non-metals and metalloids. If you are a teacher, I have a great lab to help students classify substances based on their physical and chemical properties. Just drop me a line at [email protected]

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Page 1: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Metals Non-Metals and Metalloids

Mr. JohnstonSaigon South International School

Page 3: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Objectives

● What are the properties of Non-Metals?● What are the families containing Non-

Metals?

Page 4: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Vocabulary● Non-metal● Diatomic Molecule● Halogen● Noble Gas● Metalloid● Semiconductor

Page 5: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Metals Vs. Non-Metals

● Shiny● Malleable● Good Conductors of

Heat● Good Conductors of

Electricity

● Dull● Brittle● Poor Conductors of

Heat● Poor Conductors of

Electricity

Page 6: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Families Containing Non Metals

Carbon FamilyNitrogen FamilyOxygen FamilyHalogen FamilyNoble GasesHydrogen

Page 7: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Carbon Family

● Group 14● Proteins, DNA, Fats all

contain carbon● High yield fuels

contain Carbon● Diamonds are pure

Carbon

Page 8: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Nitrogen Family● Group 15● N and P● Diatomic Molecule- N2● 78 percent of earth’s

atmosphere● All living things need nitrogen,

most unable to get from air. ● Certain bacteria can use N

from air and transfer to soil● Source of fertilizer

Page 9: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Oxygen Family● Group 16● O, S, Se● Oxygen a gas at room temp,

others solids● Oxygen is diatomic molecule● O is relatively reactive● Oxygen breathed in and

exchanges cell gases● Sulfer-rotten egg smell● Sulfer used in rubber, and tires

Page 10: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Halogen Family● Group 17● F, Cl, Br, I , At-(rare)● Very reactive● Fluorine:so reactive it reacts

with almost all substances, even water

● Chlorine gas is dangerous-used for killing bacteria

● Fluorine compounds make up toothpaste, non-stick pans

Page 11: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Noble Gases ● Group 18● Do not usually form

compounds as atoms don’t gain or lose electrons

● Usually non-reactive● Floating balloons-Helium● Glowing lights-Neon, Argon,

krypton, Xenon

Page 12: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Hydrogen● Group 1● Makes up more than 90

percent of atoms in universe● H makes up less than 1

percent of earth’s crust, oceans, atmosphere

● Most hydrogen combined with Oxygen in water

● Rarely found as pure element

Page 13: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids

Metalloids● Group 5-8● Some properties of metals,

some of non-metals● All are solid at room

temperature● Brittle, hard and somewhat

reactive● Most common-Sand = Si

SiO2 (Also glass)● Most useful property-conducts

electricity

Page 14: Metals, Non-metals and metalloids