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Metabolic Syndrome

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The Metabolic Syndrome

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Metabolic syndrome is a name for a groupof risk factors of metabolic origin that occurtogether and increase the risk for

cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome

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24% of whole population

34% of adult population

40% of people > 60 years

80% of patients with type 2 diabetes

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Significance of Metabolic Syndrome

People with metabolic syndrome are 2xas likely todie from CVD and 3xas likely to have a heart attack

or stroke

People with metabolic syndrome have a 5xgreaterrisk of developing type 2 diabetes

Up to 80% of the 200 million people with diabetesglobally will die of cardiovascular disease

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Men Women

n=5,127

Triglyceride Level, mg/dL

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

RelativeRisk

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Castelli WP. Epidemiology of triglycerides: a view from Framingham American Journal of Cardiology.1992;70:3H-9H.

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0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

100 160 220 8565

4525

LDL-C (mg/dL)

RiskofCHD

Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor againstcoronary heart disease. The Framingham Study.American Journal of Medicine. 1977;62:707-14.

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Mechanism of Metabolic Syndrome

Si d t b l ik

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Faktor risiko Kadar definisi

Obesitas abdominalPriaWanita

Lingkar pinggang>102 cm (>40 in)>88 cm (>35 in)

Trigliserida 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)

HDL cholesterol

PriaWanita

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Obesitas sentralLingkar pinggang - Tergantung etnik*

- untuk Eropa: Pria 94 cm

Wanita 80 cm

Ditambah dua dari berikut:

Kenaikan Trigliserida 150mg/dL (1.7mmol/L)Atau sedang dalam pengobatan

Kolesterol HDL rendah

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Managing the Metabolic Syndrome

Reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

- Lifestyle Risk factors

- Metabolic risk factors

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Examples of Lifestyle Modifications

Low glycemic index foods (vegetables, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber)

Higher fish intake

Higher consumption of vegetables

Mediterranean-style diet (increased consumption of who grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts,

and olive oil)

A lifestyle of 10% fat whole foods vegetarian diet, aerobic exercise, stress

management, training, smoking cessation, group psychosocial support

The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan (reduced calories

and increased consumption of fruit, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and whole grains and

lower in saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol intake restricted to 2,400 mg NA)

Low fat intake and increased physical activity

Aerobic exercise

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Mediterranean Diet Pyramid

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Examples of Moderate Physical Activity

Gardening for 30-45 minutes

Raking leaves for 30 minutes

Walking 3 kms in 30 minutes

Stair walking for 15 minutes

Wheeling self in wheelchair for 30-40 minutes

Bicycling8 kms in 30 minutes

Water Aerobics for 30 minutes

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Only YOU can take care of yourself!

MAKE good choices!

TEACH good choices!