mental revolutions religion and science in the 16 th and 17 th centuries
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Mental RevolutionsMental Revolutions
Religion and Science in the Religion and Science in the 1616thth and 17 and 17thth Centuries Centuries
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Changes in ChristianityChanges in Christianity
Church moved to expand and Church moved to expand and increase devotion in rural areasincrease devotion in rural areas Eliminate pagan rituals and superstitionsEliminate pagan rituals and superstitions
Anti-witchcraft campaignsAnti-witchcraft campaigns Led to increased desire of commoners to Led to increased desire of commoners to
be direct participants in Christianitybe direct participants in Christianity Spanish Inquisition 1478Spanish Inquisition 1478
Monitor Muslims and JewsMonitor Muslims and Jews Investigate marriageInvestigate marriage
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Spanish InquisitionSpanish Inquisition
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ReformationReformation
Movement began with Martin Luther Movement began with Martin Luther 95 Theses (1517)95 Theses (1517) Encouraged translating the BibleEncouraged translating the Bible Popular with rulers who used Luther’s ideas Popular with rulers who used Luther’s ideas
as an excuse to seize church propertyas an excuse to seize church property Led to a broader Protestant movementLed to a broader Protestant movement
Salvation by faith aloneSalvation by faith alone Printing press key toolPrinting press key tool
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Martin LutherMartin Luther
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WittenbergWittenberg
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Counter-ReformationCounter-Reformation
Church in Rome responded to Church in Rome responded to Protestantism with Counter-Protestantism with Counter-ReformationReformation Jesuits founded by Ignatius Loyola Jesuits founded by Ignatius Loyola
(1540)(1540) Missionaries and educatorsMissionaries and educators
Focused on reconverting seceded Focused on reconverting seceded churcheschurches
Only marginally successfulOnly marginally successful
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Ignatius LoyolaIgnatius Loyola
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Jesuit Missionary in AmericaJesuit Missionary in America
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Christian Missionary WorkChristian Missionary Work
New global system allowed for trade New global system allowed for trade in ideas as well as goodsin ideas as well as goods
Catholic missions (only Church w/ $)Catholic missions (only Church w/ $) PhilippinesPhilippines JapanJapan China (less successful because of China (less successful because of
Manchu)Manchu) Spanish New WorldSpanish New World
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Buddhist Missionary WorkBuddhist Missionary Work
Movement to bring direct religious Movement to bring direct religious experience outside priestly classexperience outside priestly class Reaction against Christian missionary Reaction against Christian missionary
workwork Supported by old Mongol eliteSupported by old Mongol elite
Alliance between Dalai Lama and old Alliance between Dalai Lama and old Mongol rulersMongol rulers
Manchu used Buddhism to unify peopleManchu used Buddhism to unify people
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Islamic ExpansionIslamic Expansion
Combined merchant enterprises with Combined merchant enterprises with missionary workmissionary work
Moved through Africa and both S and Moved through Africa and both S and SE AsiaSE Asia
Included both Sufi mystics and Included both Sufi mystics and traditional Islamic missionariestraditional Islamic missionaries
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SikhismSikhism
New religion in 16New religion in 16thth Century India Century India
Blended elements of Hinduism with Blended elements of Hinduism with IslamIslam
Persecuted by Muslim rulers of the Persecuted by Muslim rulers of the Mughal EmpireMughal Empire
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Sikh HorsemenSikh Horsemen
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Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution Empirical (Scientific) MethodEmpirical (Scientific) Method
Francis BaconFrancis Bacon Rene DescartesRene Descartes
Heliocentric rather than geocentric solar systemHeliocentric rather than geocentric solar system First proposed by Copernicus 1543First proposed by Copernicus 1543 Galileo’s telescope 1609Galileo’s telescope 1609 Proven by Kepler early 1600sProven by Kepler early 1600s
CalculusCalculus Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton Laws of modern physicsLaws of modern physics
Would lead to shift in world power from East to Would lead to shift in world power from East to West because of new industrial technologiesWest because of new industrial technologies
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Francis BaconFrancis Bacon
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Rene DescartesRene Descartes
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Geocentric Solar SystemGeocentric Solar System
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Heliocentric Solar SystemHeliocentric Solar System
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CopernicusCopernicus
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GalileoGalileo
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KeplerKepler
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Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton