the age of exploration 15 th and 16 th centuries
TRANSCRIPT
The Age of Exploration
15th and 16th centuries
Technological Advancements
• Renaissance ideas were applied to exploration– Magnetic compass– Cannon– Caravel
• Smaller, wind-powered ship• Portuguese invention
– Astrolabe• Determined latitude, direction north or south of Equator
– Better Maps
1507 Waldseemuller Map
Why Explore?• God
– Spread the Catholic religion, primarily• Gold
– Financial opportunities: gold, silver, spices– Leaders want more $ and support exploration (Henry the
Navigator)• Glory
– The ability to brag or be the best Euro country.• Gateway
– Access to other markets
#1 motive: Material Profit…$, supplies
Portuguese Symbolism in Art
Portugal: 1st to Explore• Goals of exploration:
– Christianize– Gold– Access to spice markets in
India
• Supported by Prince Henry the Navigator, King Manuel I
• Got in on gold trade in the Mediterranean Sea– Made $ necessary for more
expeditions
• Will own Brazil by 1500– Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain Portugal
Manuelian Architecture
Portuguese Explorers
• Bartholomew Diaz, 1478– Sailed to the Cape of
Good Hope (Africa)
• Vasco da Gama, 1497-1499– Sailed to India,
returned with spices & cloth
Lisbon, Portugal
Lisbon, PortugalEntrance Port to Europe
Christopher Columbus
• An Italian who sailed for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain– Cristobal Columbo– Columbus begged K & Q for $ for exploration
• Spain had gone through the reconquista– Expulsion of the Muslim Moors from Granada
• Bad guy in history– Raped, killed, enslaved natives, – Hispaniola, 1496 (Dominican Republic)– Didn’t find America first– Had no idea where he was. India? China?– Can we judge him?
• Maybe not…no moral compass
Spanish Governing
• Established 4 viceroyalies or divisions of “new world” territory with 4 governors
• Mercantilism: colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country (Spain)
• Didn’t allow for self-rule or native industry– Perhaps a reason why much of S.A. and
Mexico are considered “3rd World” countries?
Moorish Influence
Ferdinand Magellan
• Magellan, Spain 1519– Sailed by order of Charles
V (H.R.Emperor, Spanish Habsburg)
– Sailed around Cape Horn (South America)
– Explored Philippines (named after Philip II, H.R.E.)
– Proved earth was round, bigger than thought
Hernando Cortes
• Cortes, Spain 1519– Explored Mexico– Captured Aztec
leader, Montezuma• Montezuma’s revenge
– Made Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) the capital city of “New Spain”
Francisco Pizarro
• Pizarro, Spain 1531-1536– Explored Peru in S.
America– Destroyed the Incan
Empire– Lima became the
capital city
John Cabot
• Cabot, England 1497– An Italian (same area
as Columbus)– “Discovered”
Newfoundland when trying to get to Brazil (Portuguese land)
– No spices or gold for Henry VII, went back to England
Jacques Cartier
• Cartier, France 1534-1541– Explored the St.
Lawrence River & Canada
– Explored near Quebec• Quebec is a French
speaking province of Canada
Dutch East India Company
• Founded in 1602, The Netherlands
• Government supported company
• Explored solely for material gain
Impact of Exploration
• Columbian Exchange (Columbus)– Exchange of plants and animals:
• Corn or maize, sugar cane• Horses, cows, sheep
– Exchange of disease:• Euros brought smallpox• Natives gave Syphilis• High death toll of natives
– Migration of people to “new world”