memory stimulation which scientific benefits which exercises

8/2/2019 Memory Stimulation Which Scientific Benefits Which Exercises

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Za} rsm`xnlsh }dxw `h`dw} lic }dxw bdjimsmvh fxibsmdir4

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Ghwilwc Bwdmrmnh. @C. UaC Uljh 7 df <7




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Chnl}mij dirhs df Ln{ahm`hw”r cmrhlrh

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df lnn ndijmsxcmiln rsxcmhr di sahhffhbsr df rdbmln ihszdwor. ua}rmbln lbsmvmsmhr lic bdjimsmvh adggmhr alr radzi sals sah} rxjjhrshc lghihfmbmln mùlbs di bdjimsmdi lr zhnn lr l uwdshbsmvh hffhbs di sah wmro df ch`hisml lic Ln{ahm`hw”rcmrhlrh) Di sah zadnh. zamnrs <3 rsxcmhr cmc ids whudws li} lrrdbmlsmdir ls lnn. 32 uxgnmblsmdir idshc ludrmsmvh lrrdbmlsmdi) Sahrh lxsadwr `hismdi sawhh mishwvhismdi `hbalimr`r zamba lwh bdjimsmvhwhrhwvh. rswhrr lic vlrbxnlw cl`ljhr) Sah bdibhusr df bhwhgwln whrhwvh lic bdjimsmvh whrhwvh lwh lssah ahlws df sah gwlmi unlrsmbms} bdibhus

!<2-) Dvhw sah ihqs }hlwr sahrh wlsahw rhcxbsmvh bdibhusr. zamba

cdbsdwr rsmnn oidz nmssnh lgdxs. zmnn hvdnvh jwhlsn}) Michhc. sah} lnndz xr sd xichwrslic sah uwhvhismvhwdnh df bdjimsmvh rsm`xnlsmdi. lr `xba fdw sah idw`ln ljmij df sah bdjimsmvh fxibsmdir. lr fdw sah wmro dfsah dbbxwwhibh df Ln{ahm`hw”r cmrhlrh) Gwlmi unlrsmbms} mr sah lgmnms} df sah gwlmi sd balijh zmsami msrrswxbsxwhr !r}ilusmb chvhndu`his. ihxwdjhihrmr- dw zmsami msr fxibsmdiln lcluslsmdi !chvhndumij ihzrswlshjmhr- sawdxjadxs nmfh. lr `xba lfshw gwlmi cl`ljhr lr xichw sah hffhbs df bdjimsmvh rsm`xnlsmdi)

Bhwhgwln whrhwvh mr whnlshc sd rswxbsxwln gwlmi hnh`hisr. rxba lr msr rm{h. msr zhmjas. sah l`dxis df

ihxwdir lic df r}ilusmb bdiihbsmdir) Mi rumsh df sah uwdjwhrrmvhn} nhrrhw l`dxis df ihwvh bhnnr. idw`lnljmij bd`hr zmsa li mibwhlrh mi r}ilusmb bdiihbsmdir. zamba rxjjhrsr l rswxbsxwln ihxwdiln unlrsmbms}lic saxr udrrmgmnmsmhr df whjhihwlsmdi dw lcluslsmdi. hvhi lr ljmij dbbxwr

!<=-)

Bdjimsmvh whrhwvh mr li lbsmvh uwdbhrr df lclusmvh ihxwdunlrsmbms} zamba hlrhr sah dusm`m{lsmdi dfbdjimsmvh uhwfdw`libh. hmsahw g} whbwxmsmij dsahw gwlmi whjmdir. dw g} xrmij ihz dw lnshwilsmvh bdjimsmvhrswlshjmhr) Samr mr zals Uw) Bawmrsmli Chwdxhrií blnnr sah „bdjimsmvh zamunlra‐. li lccmsmdiln mùxnrhchvhnduhc fwd` sah jhihwlnn} xrhc bdjimsmvh whrdxwbhr) Sah rswxbsxwln bdirh|xhibh df samr nhlwimijudshismln mr sah mibwhlrh df chicwmsmbln lic r}ilusmb ihszdwo chirms} df sah ihxwdiln r}rsh`r mivdnvhcmi bdjimsmvh fxibsmdir sals lwh rsm`xnlshc g} ihz hquhwmhibhr) Adggmhr lic lbsmvmsmhr chvhnduhcsawdxjadxs nmfh saxr rswhijsahi bhwslmi bdjimsmvh lgmnmsmhr !zdwomij `h`dw}. ruhhc. )))- lic. mi whsxwi.rsm`xnlsh unliimij lic mimsmlsmvhr) Gmdndjmbln hvmchibh fdw ihxwdunlrsmbms} alr ghhi gwdxjas g} zdwor dffxibsmdiln gwlmi m`ljmij lic radzr sals dnchw rxgkhbsr zmsa l rm`mnlw ìhrmb hffhbsmvhihrr lbsmvlsh l

zmchw ihxwdiln ihszdwo sali zlr dgrhwvhc mi }dxijhw rxgkhbsr. hruhbmlnn} di sah fwdisln nhvhn. lichvhi `dwh zahi sah} lwh jmvhi ruhbmfmb rswlshjmb mirswxbsmdir

!7577-) Xichw sahrh bdicmsmdir sah dirhs

df Ln{ahm`hw”r cmrhlrh bliids gh lvdmchc gxs `hwhn} chnl}hc. rmibh sah wmba r}ilusmb bdiihbsmdirmibwhlrh sah sdnhwlibh fdw chjhihwlsmvh cl`ljh g} chnl}mij sah sawhradnc df bnmimblnn} uhwbhusmgnhbdjimsmvh chfmbmhib}) Rmibh sah whrhwvhr df ndzhw nhvhn rxgkhbsr lwh zhlohw sali sadrh df rxgkhbsr zmsal amjahw rdbmdhcxblsmdiln nhvhn. sah} zmnn bwdrr sah sawhradnc sd bnmimbln ch`hisml flrshw) Ulwlcdqmblnn}.mf l amjahw rdbmdhcxblsmdiln nhvhn chnl}r sah dirhs df Ln{ahm`hw !rmibh sahrh ulsmhisr sdnhwlshchjhihwlsmvh cl`ljh fdw ndijhw-. rxgkhbsr chvhndu flrshw !flrshw `h`dw} chbnmih lic hlwnmhw chlsalfshw ghmij cmljidrhc-. lr sah bnmimbln luuhlwlibh df sah cmrhlrh whrxnsr mi l jwhlshw l`dxis dfcl`ljh. zamba sahi lbbhnhwlshr msr chvhndu`his

!<2<8-)

ZAMBA OMIC DF HQHWBMRHR RADXNC GH JMVHI4

Lr zh alvh rhhi. bdjimsmvh swlmimij bli gh cdih ilsxwlnn} zmsa bdjimsmvhn} rsm`xnlsmij adggmhr. gxs msbli lnrd aluuhi mi l rswxbsxwhc zl} g} cdmij ruhbmfmb hqhwbmrhr !fmjxwh 7-) Nmfhrs}nh mr nmiohc sd lnhrrhw wmro df mibmchisln ch`hisml fdw rhimdwr. lic rswxbsxwhc swlmimij alr l ghihfmbmln lic rd`hsm`hrnlrsmij ur}bad`hswmb hffhbs mi sah swlmihc lwhlr) Hvhi sadxja sah LBSMVH rsxc}

!=-alr radzi sals

swlmimij zmsa whlrdimij hqhwbmrhr lbamhvhc l swlirfhw sd sah lch|xlsh clmn} rmsxlsmdir mi sahmwhivmwdi`his. rd flw `drs rsxcmhr cd ids radz rxba swlirfhw) Adzhvhw. sah ur}badrdbmlnbdirh|xhibhr df rswxbsxwhc rsm`xnlsmdi lwh hrrhismln mi shw`r df hcxblsmdiln `hsadcr. whjlmimij rhnfbdifmchibh lic rswhijsahimij rdbmln nmior)

Fmjxwh 7) Cmffhwhis rmsxlsmdir df bdjimsmvh swlmimij





Ilsxwln swlmimij0 adggmhr!nmfhrs}nh -

Rswxbsxwhc swlmimij0 hqhwbmrhr

Uwdfhrrmdilnrhbsdwr

Nlgdwlsdw} Jhihwlnlxcmhibh

rhimdwr. …

S}uhr df bdjimsmvhswlmimij

Uluhwuhi Bdùxshw

Jdlnr lic cmrlcvlisljhr df ̀ h`dw} rsm`xnlsmdi

Sahwh mr id rxba samij lr `mwlbxndxr bdjimsmvh gdc}gxmncmij sals zdxnc lnndz l jndgln `h`dw}mùwdvh`his, Ms mr clijhwdxr fdw rhimdwr sd ghnmhvh sals ms mr udrrmgnh. ihbhrrlw} lic chrmwlgnh sd

mibwhlrh sahmw lgmnms} df nhlwimij samijr g} ahlws) Ms zdxnc cdd` sah` sd flmnxwh rmibh `h`dw} mr ids l`xrbnh sals bli gh dvhwswlmihc mi l `hbalimbln `liihw) Fxwsahw`dwh. ms mr mùdrrmgnh sd swlirfhw zalsalr ghhi nhlwihc fwd` dih fmhnc sd lidsahw; nhlwimij udh`r g} ahlws cdhr ids ahnu }dx fmic }dxw blw dwwh`h`ghw l il`h) Fmilnn}. sah mùwdvh`his df l ur}bad`hswmb rhbsdw cdhr ids lxsd`lsmblnn} nhlc sd ljwhlshw hffhbsmvhihrr mi hvhw}cl} nmfh; mùwdvmij }dxw ix`ghw `h`dw} cdhr ids `hli sals ms zmnn ghhlrmhw fdw }dx sd wh`h`ghw uadih ix`ghwr) Swlirfhw mr din} udrrmgnh lic hffhbsmvh mf. di sdu dfswlmimij. sah uhwrdi lbsmvhn} luunmhr sah rswlshjmhr sals sah} alvh nhlwihc cxwmij sah swlmimij)

Ul}mij l nds df lsshismdi lic ghmij vhw} `dsmvlshc lwh szd fxicl`hisln wh|xmwh`hisr fdw lnn swlmimij)@h`dw} rsm`xnlsmdi radxnc gh lrrdbmlshc zmsa l fxi jl`h lic ulsmhisr radxnc fmic sah hqhwbmrhrmishwhrsmij) Ghmij ls sah wdds df rsm`xnlsmdi lic fxi. l fwmhicn} ls`druahwh nhlcr sd udrmsmvhwhmifdwbh`his) Fmilnn}. sah lm` df swlmimij mr lnzl}r hcxblsmdiln; sah mùdwslibh mr ids sd rxbbhhc gxssd xichwrslic za} lic adz zh rxbbhhc. lr zhnn lr za} lic adz zh flmn) Ulwlcdqmblnn}. ghmijrxbbhrrfxn di sah fmwrs jd mr ids li mchln dgkhbsmvh rmibh zh din} ul} nmssnh lsshismdi sd zals mr hlrmn}lbamhvhc, Adzhvhw. balnnhijhr ihhc sd gh whlrdilgnh rd lr sd ids cmrbdxwljh ulwsmbmulisr !7-)

Zamba rswlshjmhr radxnc gh uwmvmnhjhc4

Zamnrs `hislnn} whuhlsmij l nmrs df zdwcr sd }dxwrhnf bdirmchwlgn} ahnur `h`dwm{lsmdi. sah hffhbsmvhihrrdf samr uwdbhrr chbwhlrhr zmsa ljh) Nmshwlsxwh alr jwhlsn} uwdvhc sah rudislihdxr dw swlmihc hffmbmhib}df dsahw shbaim|xhr fdw `lsxwh micmvmcxlnr glrhc di blshjdwm{lsmdi. rh`lismb dwjlim{lsmdi misd lamhwlwba} dw `hisln vmrxlnm{lsmdi

!1-) Mi 755< l rsxc} g} Cxindro} lic Ahws{dj

!72-mivdnvhc :5 }hlw dnc

lic 75 }hlw dnc rxgkhbsr zad alc sd ruhbmf} sah hibdcmij uwdbhrr fdw `h`dwm{mij zdwc ulmwr; rhimdwr





fdxic ms hlrmhw sd gxmnc rhishibhr glrhc di szd slwjhs zdwcr !21( ljlmirs 7=( fdw sah }dxij- zamnrs}dxij rxgkhbsr uwhfhwwhc rhnfwhuhsmsmdi !75( ljlmirs <8( fdw rhimdwr- dw `hisln vmrxlnm{lsmdi !21(ljlmirs 23( fdw rhimdwr-)

Ms radxnc gh idshc sals rhimdwr xrh rhishibh gxmncmij rswlshj} ln`drs lr dfshi lr `hisln vmrxlnm{lsmdi!21( lic 23( whruhbsmvhn}- zamnrs rhnfwhuhsmsmdi mr din} xrhc g} <8( df rhimdwr) Mi samr uhwrdiln rsxc}zamba zlr blwwmhc dxs samr }hlw lic alr ids }hs ghhi uxgnmrahc. zh lrohc 7=5 vdnxishhwmij rhimdwr

!lvhwljh ljh 0 63)7 ¼ =)=? :6( df zd`hi? 81( df rxgkhbsr zmsa l rdbmdhcxblsmdiln nhvhn nhrr sahiamja rbaddn cmund`l- sd ruhbmf} sahmw shbaim|xhr fdw `h`dwm{mij rm`xnslihdxrn} sah zdwcr bahww} licblw) Sah whrxnsr zhwh lr fdnndzr; rhnfwhuhsmsmdi !<3)3(-. `hisln vmrxlnm{lsmdi !23)=(-. gxmncmij lrhishibh !1)6(-. bd`gmihc xrh df uwhvmdxr shbaim|xhr !<=)3(-. dsahw shbaim|xhr !77):(-) @hislnvmrxlnm{lsmdi mr l bnhlwn} uwhcd`milis `h`dwm{lsmdi shbaim|xh) Lirzhwr zhwh mifnxhibhc ihmsahw g}ljh. idw jhichw dw rdbmdhcxblsmdiln nhvhn) Mi dxw rsxc} zh dgslmi rm`mnlw fmjxwhr sd sadrh df Cxindro}lic Ahws{dj fdw rhnfwhuhsmsmdi !<3)3( ljlmirs <8( whruhbsmvhn}- lic `hisln m`ljmij !23)=( ljlmirs23(-. zamnrs dxw rxgkhbsr lcdushc sah rhishibh gxmncmij shbaim|xh flw nhrr !1)6( ljlmirs 21(-)

Sah nhrrdi sd gh nhlwihc mr sals rhimdwr radxnc lvdmc nhlwimij samijr g} ahlws. xrmij `hbalimbln rhnfwhuhsmsmdi) @h`dw} rsm`xnlsmdi hqhwbmrhr radxnc. di sah dih alic. rswhijsahi hqmrsmij ilsxwln bdjimsmvhrswlshjmhr. lic di sah dsahw alic mùwdvh nhlwimij. chvhndu`his lic `lmislmimij df ihz rswlshjmhrglrhc di ndjmb lic whlrdimij) Sahrh ihz rswlshjmhr radxnc `loh ms hlrmhw sd lb|xmwh lic whblnn

mifdw`lsmdi rmibh. mf }dx cd nhlwi g} ahlws. ms”r ghsshw sd `h`dwm{h uwdbhrrhr wlsahw sali zdwc nmrsr,) Sdsals hic. sah mifdw`lsmdi sd gh `h`dwm{hc ihhcr sd gh liln}{hc mi dwchw sd; !<- hrslgnmra bdiihbsmdirzmsa sah uwmdw oidznhcjh. !7- ghsshw dwjlim{h sah mifdw`lsmdi xrmij blshjdwm{lsmdi dw ihszdwomijshbaim|xhr. !2- bwhlsh `hisln m`ljhr. lic !3- udrrmgn} chvhndu swmbor zmsa ìh`dshbaimbln `hsadcr)Lnn sahrh uwdbhrrhr `loh ms hlrmhw sd luuwduwmlshn} hibdch `lshwmln zamba ihhcr sd gh `h`dwm{hc licsd hrslgnmra vlnxlgnh amisr fdw whblnnmij ms nlshw) Fmilnn}. whuhlsmij sah slror lnndzr sah rxgkhbs sduwdjwhrrmvhn} lb|xmwh l bdjimsmvh uwdbhrr. ms mr xu sd am` sd luun} ms hqunmbmsn} sd hvhw}cl} nmfh)

SAH VLWMDXR S]UHR DF BDJIMSMVH SWLMIMIJ

Uluhwuhi hqhwbmrhr

Ndjmblnn}. sah fmwrs hqhwbmrhr zhwh uluhwuhi hqhwbmrhr fdw micmvmcxln xrh) Sahwh lwh bdxisnhrr gddorzamba lwh rddi cmrbwhcmshc g} sahmw uwd`mrmij smsnhr !„Cduh }dxw mishnnmjhibh‐. „Chvhndu }dxw `h`dw}‐-lic sahmw bdibhusxln ilmvhs}) Sahwh lwh l ix`ghw df mibdivhimhibhr lgdxs sahrh uluhwuhi hqhwbmrhr;`hbalimbln luuwdlba. nhvhnr df cmffmbxns} bliids gh lckxrshc. fdbxr di rxbbhrr. id hqunlilsdw}fhhcglbo zahi flmnmij))) dw rxbbhhcmij. mùdrrmgnh sd cd sah r`lnnhrs swlirfhw sd hvhw}cl} rmsxlsmdir)

„@h`dw} Lbsmvmsmhr‐ lic „@h`dw} Zdworadur‐

Zahi chvhnduhc g} uwdfhrrmdilnr zmsa li lch|xlsh swlmimij. adzhvhw. sahrh uluhwuhi hqhwbmrhr sxwidxs sd gh amjan} whnhvlis) Ihvhwsahnhrr. sah} lwh `dwh hffmbmhis mi l jwdxu lic rxuhwvmrhc g} lur}badndjmrs zad bli lckxrs sah cmffmbxns} df sah hqhwbmrh. dvhwrhh jwdxu c}il`mbr lic `loh ms hlrmhwfdw ulwsmbmulisr sd lb|xmwh sah rswlshjmhr

!7-) Sah ur}badrdbmln mùlbs df sahrh jwdxur bliids gh

chimhc) Idihsahnhrr. sahwh mr l wmro sals jmfshc ulwsmbmulisr `mjas cmrbdxwljh nhrr lbsmvh rxgkhbsr lic

`mjas saxr gh sah din} dihr sd ghihfms fwd` sahrh rhrrmdir)

Bdùxshw hqhwbmrhr

Cdi”s ch`dim{h }dxw bdùxshw,

Uhwrdilnn}. zh vhw} bnhlwn} uwhfhw sah bdùxshw lr li miidvlsmvh luuwdlba) Chrumsh uduxnlw ghnmhf.hnchwn} uhdunh lwh ids rblwhc df bdùxshwr) Rhimdwr xrh l nds df bdùxsmij h|xmu`his) Bdùxshwruhbmlnmrsr jhs dnchw lr zhnn lic mi l fhz }hlwr `li} whrmchisr zmnn dgvmdxrn} gh fdw`hw bdùxshwxrhwr. slomij sahmw bdùxshwr zmsa sah`. kxrs nmoh sahmw shnhvmrmdi) Hnchwn} uhdunh lwh lnrd bxwmdxr sd





cmrbdvhw samr ihz zdwnc. df zamba sah} bli din} blsba l jnmùrh di SV !lcvhwsmrh`hisr. ihzr fnlrar.bmih`l. hsb)-) Zh saxr `hs ixir fwd` l whrmchibh zad zhwh chnmjashc sd fmilnn} `hhs sah fl`dxr„`dxrh‐ lic ln`drs ghbl`h „lccmbsr‐ lfshw l fhz rhrrmdir)

Fmilnn}. ms mr lnzl}r udrrmgnh sd lclus sah `lshwmlnr sd hnchwn} uhdunh”r mùlmw`hisr g} xrmij sdxbarbwhhir dw swlboglnnr)

Mi <==6 l zdwo di bdùxshwm{hc swlmimij !73- zlr lnwhlc} uxgnmrahc g} Whgdo”r shl`) Szhnvh idw`lnrhimdwr !lvhwljh ljh 0 :6)2 }hlwr- swlmihc di l bdùxshwm{hc glsshw} df `h`dw} slror !BdndwlcdIhxwdur}badndj} Shrsr-) Sah ulwsmbmulisr zhwh rxuhwvmrhc g} l ur}badndjmrs lic zdwohc =5 `mixshrl zhho dvhw l uhwmdc df = zhhor) Alnf df sah` uwlbsmbhc hqunmbms `h`dw} slror lic sah dsahw alnfmùnmbms `h`dw} slror) Gdsa jwdxur rmjimfmblisn} mùwdvhc sahmw shrs uhwfdw`libhr. sah dih jwdxu cdmijmùnmbms `h`dw} hqhwbmrhr radzmij sah `drs uwdjwhrr) Lr li hrrhismln hùalrmr. rhimdwr cmc idshquwhrr li} cmrluuwdvln df samr bdùxshwm{hc shbaidndj} lic radzhc ‒ shi }hlwr ljd ‒ sahmw lgmnms} sdhffmbmhisn} xrh l bdùxshw)

Bdjimsmvh swlmimij vml l zhgrmsh

Mi 755< zh ahnuhc chvhndu sah zhgrmsh zzz)aluu}ihxwdi)bd` !bdùli} Rbmhismfmb Gwlmi Swlmimij- sddffhw rhimdwr bdùxshwm{hc lic rxuhwvmrhc bdjimsmvh swlmimij) Sah lm` zlr sd ahnu sah` xichwrslic

sahmw bdjimsmvh `hbalimr` lic sd lnndz sah` sd whmifdwbh sahmw chbnmimij bdjimsmvh whrdxwbhr. zamnrsadumij sd `loh ms hlrmhw sd `lmislmi ur}badrdbmln romnnr) Sah zhgrmsh hqhwbmrhr !lnrd lvlmnlgnh di BCWd`r- zhwh chvhnduhc g} l shl` bdùwmrmij l Cdbsdw mi Ihxwdur}badndj}. szd Cdbsdwr mi BdjimsmvhUr}badndj}. l Cdbsdw mi Hcxblsmdi Rbmhibhr lic l Cdbsdw mi Bdùxshw Rbmhibhr ruhbmlnm{hc mi @li@lbamih Mishwlbsmdi) Sah rsm`xnlsmdi lic swlmimij uwdjwl`r lwh whjxnlwn} shrshc. bdifmw`hc. lrrhrrhclic hiwmbahc g} szd rsxchis whrhlwba jwdxur fwd` sah XSL Ximvhwrmsí Sdxr Ljhr !„Ximvhwrms} fdw SamwcLjh Nhlwimij‐. Nx`máwh N}di 7 Ximvhwrms}-) Sah zhgrmsh bxwwhisn} dffhwr lgdxs 85 hqhwbmrhr. runms misd 8bdjimsmvh rhbsdwr; `h`dw}. lsshismdi. nlijxljh. hqhbxsmvh fxibsmdir lic vmrmdrulsmln) Lr duudrhc sdnlgdwlsdw} hqhwbmrhr xrhc sd swlmi li hqswh`hn} ruhbmfmb bdjimsmvh rxgr}rsh`

!78-. dxw hqhwbmrhr lwh fxi

lic hcxblsmdiln. lic rhvhwln bdjimsmvh rhbsdwr lwh swlmihc rm`xnslihdxrn}. chrumsh sah flbs sals hlbadih mr balwlbshwm{hc g} l bdjimsmvh cd`milis balwlbshwmrsmb)

Lnn hqhwbmrhr lwh dwjlim{hc mi sah rl`h zl}; l ad`h rbwhhi zmsa jhihwln mifdw`lsmdi lgdxs sah

hqhwbmrh. l „Oidz `dwh‐ ulws sd hqunlmi sah bdjimsmvh `hbalimr` lic sah lm` df sah hqhwbmrh. li„Hqlùnh‐ ulws sd hcxblsmdilnn} hqunlmi sah bdxwrh df sah hqhwbmrh) Ghfdwh rslwsmij sah hqhwbmrh. lrbwhhi dffhwr }dx sd baddrh fwd` cmffhwhis cmffmbxns} lic rd`hsm`hr sdumb vlwmlisr) Bdùxsmij lnndzr sdrhs xu l wmba clslglrh fdw hlba hqhwbmrh) Samr clsl mr wlicd`n} uwhrhishc. lbbdwcmij sd sah badrhichjwhh df cmffmbxns}; dih hqhwbmrh. fdw hqlùnh. mr glrhc di wdxjan} 155 rhishibhr. lidsahw di lclslglrh zmsa ln`drs l sadxrlic uadsdjwluar) Sah hqhwbmrhr bli saxr gh cdih ljlmi zmsa l cmffhwhischrmji dw li mifhwmdw. rm`mnlw dw rxuhwmdw chjwhh df cmffmbxns}. rd lr sd `loh ms hlrmhw sd lb|xmwh lic`lrshw rswlshjmb uwdbhhcmijr) Adzhvhw. mi dwchw sd jxlwlishh sah rbmhismfmb hffmbmhib} df sah `hsadc.sah zhgrmsh lnrd dffhwr bdiswdn hqhwbmrhr zamba bdùn} zmsa sah rbmhismfmb bdirswlmisr df lihquhwm`hisln uwdsdbdn lic lnndz sah rxuhwvmrdw sd zdwo di idw`lnm{hc clsl. xigmlrhc whjlwcmij sahrhimdw lic amr dw ahw uwhfhwhibhr)

Lbbxwlb} lic sm`h fdw lirzhwmij lwh slohi misd lbbdxis fdw sah whrxnsr) Sah bdùxshw lnndzr

mishwlbsmdi di sawhh nhvhnr; !<- l blnmgwlsmdi mi uhwbhismnhr bdirmchwr sawhh bnlrrmbln ch`djwluamblnvlwmlgnhr. ghmij ljh. jhichw lic rdbmdhcxblsmdiln nhvhn. !7- sah rxgkhbs”r whrxnsr lwh bdùlwhc zmsasah luuwduwmlsh blnmgwlsmdi. sah} lnrd mibnxch bd``hislwmhr. lic !2-. l bdùxshw rxuhwvmrdw !bdlba-lclusr sah uwdjwl` sd hlba xrhw)

Sah rxuhwvmrdw bdlba mr chrmjihc g} luun}mij lclusmvh shbaim|xhr glrhc di l xrhw `dchn salsbd`gmihr fdxw s}uhr df mifdw`lsmdi; ch`djwluambln clsl. sah`lsmb mishwhrsr. bdjimsmvh micmblsdwr df sahhqhwbmrhr. ghalvmdwln xrh clsl

!76-) Zahi shrsr lwh hffmbmhisn} rxuhwvmrhc g} l ruhbmlnmrs mi bdjimsmvh

ur}badndj} dw ihxwdur}badndj}. sah uhwrdi lnrd bdirmchwr sah rxgkhbs”r flsmjlgmnms} lr zhnn lr rswhrrlic udrrmgnh mishwfhwhibhr ghszhhi shrsr) Rhimdwr cdmij bdùxshwm{hc hqhwbmrhr bli dwjlim{h sahmw

Ghwilwc Bwdmrmnh. @C. UaC Uljh : df <7

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swlmimij sah`rhnvhr lic ms mr sahwhfdwh mùdrrmgnh sd zmrhn} cmvmch amr lsshismdi bdùdihis. sdluuwhbmlsh mishwwxusmdir ghszhhi hqhwbmrhr. dw lrrhrr amr flsmjxh nhvhn) Ms mr sahwhfdwh xu sd sahrxuhwvmrdw sd ids nhs am` blww} dxs rhvhwln cmffmbxns hqhwbmrhr mi l wdz. zamba `mjas lnshw whrxnsr; michhc.ms mr dgvmdxr sals swlmimij di rhvhwln `h`dw} hqhwbmrhr cxwmij dih rhrrmdi ids din} nhlcr sd limishwfhwhibh l`dijrs sah xrhc `lshwmlnr. gxs lnrd sd li lsshismdi dvhwndlc sals zmnn uwdvdoh li liqmhs}cxh sd sah dgslmihc whrxnsr) Sah rxuhwvmrdw lnrd chshbsr flmnxwhr lic whuhsmsmvh ghalvmdw df ulwsmbmulisrsd zad` ah zmnn hmsahw rxjjhrs hqhwbmrhr fwd` sah lwhlr sah uhwrdi xrxlnn} lvdmcr. dw sd sw} licbaddrh li hlrmhw vlwmlis. mf ah alr flmnhc) Sah fdxw hqhwbmrhr rxjjhrshc g} sah rxuhwvmrdw cd ids slohndijhw sali 75 sd 25 `mixshr. lr sah udmis mr sd nm`ms swlmimij whnlshc rswhrr lic smwhcihrr) Sah Fwhibanlgdwlsdw} GhlxfdxwMURHIUalw`l chvhnduhc l BCWd` vhwrmdi df sah mishwlbsmvh rxuhwvmrhcswlmimij xichw sah il`h df „J]@BD; @h`dw} swlmimij bdxwrh‐. zamba zlr lzlwchc l ruhbmln uwm{h lssah whidzihc Fwhiba rbmhismfmb r}ùdrmx` „Hiswhsmhir ch Gmbals‐ mi 7553)

Rsxc} di zhgrmsh rxgrbwmghwr

Sah zhgrmsh hqhwbmrhr lwh chrmjihc fdw ahlnsa} rhimdwr ls ad`h zmsadxs li} bdjimsmvh ulsadndjmhr)Sah liln}rmr df 671 rxgrbwmghwr whvhlnr zd`hi lwh sah `lmi xrhwr !63(- lic l uwhcd`milislblch`mb nhvhn !86(-) Sahwh lwh `dwh `hi ls lblch`mb nhvhn !62( ljlmirs 87( fdw zd`hi-) Zamnrssah lvhwljh ljh mr 3<)1. zh bli dgrhwvh 2 ljh uhlor lwdxic 77. 33 lic 8:. whjlwcnhrr df sah jhichw.hvhi sadxja sahrh uhlor lwh `dwh hùalrm{hc fdw zd`hi) =( df rxgrbwmghwr lwh dnchw sali :5.

zamba radzr sals sahrh hqhwbmrhr whlnn} lwh rxmslgnh fdw uhdunh ljhc :5 lic dnchw) Di sah lvhwljh. 6hqhwbmrhr lwh blwwmhc dxs hlba sm`h rd`hdih ndjr di)

Zh lnrd liln}{hc sah uwdjwhrr df uhwfdw`libhr df 2= rxgrbwmghwr zad zhwh ulwsmbxnlwn} lrrmcxdxrlic blwwmhc dxs li lvhwljh df <5== hqhwbmrhr lic li lvhwljh df 2 sd 3 hqhwbmrhr hlba clmn} ndjmirhrrmdi) Sahwh zhwh 7: zd`hi lic <7 `hi. 7= df sah` ghmij ls lblch`mb nhvhn !:3(-) Sah swlmimijghalvmdw df sahrh 2= rxgrbwmghwr radzhc sawhh uwdfmnhr; <6 uhdunh blwwmhc dxs hqhwbmrhr fwd` hlbabdjimsmvh rhbsdw. <3 uhdunh cmc hrrhismlnn} `h`dw} hqhwbmrhr lic = uhdunh `lmin} fdbxrhc dihqhbxsmvh fxibsmdir) Sah sawhradnc fdw rmjimfmblis uwdjwhrr zlr bwdrrhc ls 2:6 hqhwbmrhr) Di sahlvhwljh sahrh rxgrbwmghwr whlnm{hc l uwdjwhrr df <7( zmsami <1 zhhor) Ghszhhi sah :8

salic 855

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rmjimfmblis uwdjwhrr dbbxwwhc fdw sah jndgln bdjimsmvh rbdwh !u 0 5.5<3-. sah `h`dw} rbdwh !u 0 5.53-.sah nlijxljhr rbdwh !u 0 5.58-. sah lsshismdi rbdwh !u 0 5.5<<-. sah whlrdimij rbdwh !u 0 5.573- gxs idsfdw sah vmrxdrulsmln rbdwh !u 0 5.<7- !fmjxwh 2-)

Fmjxwh 2) Whrxnsr df sah bdjimsmvh swlmimij di sah fmvh swlmihc bdjimsmvh cd`lmir mi 2= rxgrbwmghwr df sah rmsh zzz)aluu}ihxwdi)bd` ) Sah mùwdvh`his mr rmjimfmblis di fdxw cd`lmir !`h`dw}. nlijxljh.lsshismdi. whlrdimij-. sah mùwdvh`his mr ids rmjimfmblis di sah vmrxdrulsmln cd`lmi)

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Lsshismdi

Nlijxljh

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Sah mùlbs df ihz shbaidndjmhr di ixwrmij ad`hr fdw sah ljhc

L ̀ xnsmfxibsmdiln rdfszlwh ulboljh; swlmimij. bwhlsmvms}. bd``ximblsmdi

Lfshw li mivmslsmdi g} sah @mimrsw} Chnhjlsh fdw Whrhlwba lic Ihz Shbaidndjmhr sd ulwsmbmulsh mi sah

„Xrhr df ihz shbaidndjmhr fdw rdbmhs}‐ uwdjwl`. zh alvh ghhi chvhndumij sah @IHRMR whrhlwbauwdkhbs rmibh 7553) Samr uwdkhbs di sah „Xrhr df Mishwihs sddnr lr l `hlir df rdbmln mishjwlsmdi licbdjimsmvh rsm`xnlsmdi mi l ixwrmij ad`h‐ gwdxjas sdjhsahw sah bdùli} Rbmhismfmb Gwlmi Swlmimij. sahBdnnlgdwlsmvh Mishwlbsmdi Nlgdwlsdw}. Cmrslibh Swlmimij. Cmrslibh Dbbxulsmdi !Hbdnh bhiswlnh df N}dilic MIRL df N}di-. sah Rsxc} Nlg fdw Bdjimsmvh @hbalimr`r !Nx`máwh N}di 7 Ximvhwrms}-. sahwhrmchibh jwdxu df sah @ícmblFwlibh bdùli}. lic fmilnn} dxw Ihxwdur}badndj} Nlgdwlsdw} !BmvmnAdrumbhr df N}di-)

Rsm`xnlsmij sah whrmchisr” bdjimsmvh uhwfdw`libh mr ids sah din} lm` df sah LbsmVmsln℧ rdfszlwhulboljh. gxs lnrd sd balnnhijh sahmw bwhlsmvms} lic flbmnmslsh rdbmln nmiomij zmsami sah whrmchibh. lr zhnnlr dxsrmch) Sd sals lm`. sah rdfszlwh alr ghhi cmvmchc misd sawhh ulwsr. ruhbmfmblnn} luunmblgnh sdhnchwn} whrmchisr; !<- <5 rmùnmfmhc hqhwbmrhr fdw bdjimsmvh swlmimij. !7- li hcmsmij sddn fdw l whrmchibh

kdxwiln. lic !2- l rmùnmfmhc `hrrljmij sddn fdw rhimdwr sd rhic lic whbhmvh h`lmnr) Sah rdfszlwhulboljh bli gh xrhc zmsa l sdxba rbwhhi) Ls sah ghjmiimij sah ur}badndjmrs ixwrmij rslff alvh sdbahbo sah luuwduwmlsh xsmnm{lsmdi df sah bdùxshw lic rdfszlwh ulboljh g} sah xrhw)

Fmwrs whrxnsr

L uwhnm`milw} liln}rmr df sah rdbmdndjmbln lruhbs lnndzr sdcmrsmijxmra ghszhhi lcvlisljhr lic

cmrlcvlisljhr df miswdcxbmij LbsmVmsln℧ sd rd`h ixwrmij ad`hr!7:-

) Sah lvhwljh ljh df rhimdwr !18(zd`hi- zlr 13. sahmw @@R n}mij ghszhhi 78 lic 25. lic sah} cmc ids rxffhw fwd` chuwhrrmdi) Lr dihihjlsmvh lruhbs. zh idsmbhc sals whrmchisr zad cmc ids oidz adz sd xrh l bdùxshw zhwh hvhi `dwhlzlwh df sahmw rhirdw}`dsdw chfmbmhib}) Ms lnrd luuhlwhc sals rd`h whrmchisr whkhbshc sadrh zadhlrmn} lic fxnn} `lrshwhc samr ihz shbaidndj}) Adzhvhw. rd`h mimsmlnn} whnxbslis whrmchisr zlishc sdxrh sah bdùxshw lr rddi lr sah} rlz sahmw ihmjagdwr zdwomij di ms) Rd`h ulsmhisr rxffhwmij fwd`Ln{ahm`hw”r cmrhlrh zad dwmjmilnn} whfxrhc sd sloh ulws mi bnlrrmb whrmchibh lbsmvmsmhr hvhi wh|xhrshcsd ulwsmbmulsh mi swlmimij rhrrmdir) Lr l fxwsahw udrmsmvh lruhbs. ms sxwihc dxs sals whrmchisr” rhnfhrshh`mibwhlrhc zmsa sahmw lgmnms} sd xrh sah bdùxshw lic di lbbdùnmramij hqhwbmrhr) Sah} gdichc zmsadsahw whrmchisr !`xsxln lrrmrslibh sd hqunlmi sah uwdbhrr sd hlba dsahw- lic sahmw fl`mnmhr !hqbalijmijh`lmnr. jwlicrdi bd`mij sd ahnu amr jwlic`dsahw. hsb)-) @li} whrmchisr. zad ulwsmbxnlwn} nmohc samrjwdxu zwmsmij lbsmvms}. `hs lic bdnnlgdwlshc zamnrs hcmsmij sah whrmchibh kdxwiln) Dzmij sd samr.

LbsmVmsln℧ `hhsr sah hcxblsmdiln lic ur}badrdbmln wh|xmwh`hisr fdw bdjimsmvh rsm`xnlsmdi!7-

) Michhc.samr rdfszlwh lnndzhc sahrh rhimdwr mi ixwrmij ad`hr sd whlb|xmwh l bhwslmi mishnnhbsxln bxwmdrms} licsd whjlmi rhnfbdifmchibh lic rhnfhrshh`)

BDIBNXRMDI

Ix`hwdxr zdwor uwdvhc sah ghihfmbmln mùlbs df alvmij ilsxwln bdjimsmvhn} rsm`xnlsmij lbsmvmsmhr !xichwsah lruhbs df nmfhrs}nh- lr `xba di sah bdjimsmvh bd`fdws df `lsxwh micmvmcxlnr lr di sah chnl}hc dirhs

df Ln{ahm`hw”r) Sah LBSMVH rsxc} whrxnsr zdxnc hvhi uwdvh sals „mishirh‐ bdjimsmvh swlmimij `mjaschnl} ljh whnlshc ur}bad`hswmb bdjimsmvh chbnmih g} rhvhwln }hlwr fdw sah swlmihc lwhlr

!=-) Sah

bdjimsmvh whrhwvh bdibhus uwhrhisr l ihxwdgmdndjmbln hqunlilsmdi fdw lnn sahrh lruhbsr. lr ihxwdilnunlrsmbms} bli fxibsmdi chrumsh sah ljmij uwdbhrr) Zamnrs sah luunmhc rswlshjmhr dusm`m{h sahhffhbsmvhihrr df ìhrmb uwdbhrrhr. sah mùlbs di bdjimsmvh uhwfdw`libhr mr ids sah rdnh mrrxh. mi flbsms mr lnrd sah rmjimfmblis ghihfmbmln hffhbs di clmn} nmfh lbsmvmsmhr lr zhnn lr sah uhwrdiln rdbmln.ur}badndjmbln. bdjimsmvh lic ghalvmdwln lssmsxch)

Bdùxshw hqhwbmrhr zmnn uwdglgn} hquhwmhibh l rswdij lic wlumc chvhndu`his. fdw ihz ixwrmij ad`hwhrmchisr zmnn lwwmvh zad zmnn alvh xrhc bdùxshwr mi sahmw kdgr) Cxh sd dxw hquhwmhibh df l zhgrmsh fdw

Ghwilwc Bwdmrmnh. @C. UaC Uljh = df <7




lnn lic df l rmùnmfmhc rdfszlwh ulboljh fdw ixwrmij ad`h whrmchisr. zh ids din} whbd``hic sah xrhdf bdùxshwm{hc hqhwbmrhr sd rsm`xnlsh sah whrmchisr” bdjimsmvh uhwfdw`libhr. gxs lnrd sah xrh dfrdfszlwh lm`mij ls balnnhijmij sahmw bwhlsmvms} lic ahnumij sd hrslgnmra dw `lmislmi rdbmln nmiomijl`dijrs whrmchisr dw zmsa sahmw fl`mnmhr) Di sdu df sah gmdndjmbln lruhbsr zamba rhimdwr `l} idsuhwbhmvh. sahwh mr l swmunh dgkhbsmvh mi bdjimsmvh rsm`xnlsmdi; radzmij sah` sals sah} lwh lgnh sd mùwdvhsahmw uhwfdw`libh. ahnumij sah` sd swlirnlsh udrmsmvh swlmimij hffhbsr sd clmn} nmfh rmsxlsmdir. lic fmilnn}.rswhijsahimij sahmw rhnfhrshh`. ls l sm`h mi nmfh zahi sah} hquhwmhibh lnn omicr df whgxffr) Ms mr dxwwhrudirmgmnms} sd fmic sah ghrs bdjimsmvh rsm`xnlsmdi shbaim|xhr lic sd lckxrs `dchwi shbaidndjmhr sdhnchwn} uhdunh) Hvhi sadxja zh cd ids oidz sah hismwh udshismln mùlbs df `h`dw} rsm`xnlsmdi. sahwh mrdih samij zh bli gh bhwslmi lgdxs; ids swlmimij }dxw `h`dw} mr sah rlfhrs zl} sd nhs ms chbnmih,

WHFHWHIBHR

_<P) Fwlibhr ]lshr) N”Lws ch nl `í`dmwh) Jlnnm`lwc. Ulwmr. <=:8)_7P) ch Wdswdx K) Rsm`xnlsmdi bdjimsmvh hs Vmhmnnmrrh`his) Mi ¯ Jíwdisdndjmh uwívhismvh ¿. bdnnhbsmdi ¯Lgwíjír ch @íchbmih ¿. @lrrdi. 7557 ; 2=8351)_2P) Bwdmrmnh G) Nh vmhmnnmrrh`his bdjimsmf ; nh fxsxw çjh c”dw chr ihxwdihr 4 Nl Whvxh ch Jíwmlswmh . 7552.71. iµ 8. `lm ; 2=8357)_3P) Axnsrba CF. Ahws{dj B. R`lnn GK. Cmqdi WL) Xrh ms dw ndrh ms; hijljhc nmfhrs}nh lr l gxffhw df

bdjimsmvh chbnmih mi ljmij 4 Ur}badn Ljmij ) <=== Kxi? <3!7-; 738762)_8P) Onmhjhn @. [mùwmba C. Wdss B) Nmfhndij mishnnhbsxln lbsmvmsmhr `hcmlsh sah uwhcmbsmvh hffhbs df hlwn}hcxblsmdi di bdjimsmvh mùlmw`his mi bhishilwmlir; l whswdruhbsmvh rsxc})Ljmij @his Ahlnsa ) 7553 Rhu? 1!8-; 32532:)_6P) Zmnrdi WR. Glwihr NN. Ghiihss CL) Lrrhrr`his df nmfhsm`h ulwsmbmulsmdi mi bdjimsmvhn} rsm`xnlsmijlbsmvmsmhr) Kdxwiln df Bnmimbln lic Hquhwm`hisln Ihxwdur}badndj} 7552. 78!8-; 7587<2)_:P) Vhwalhjahi U. @lwbdhi L. Jddrrhir N) Mùwdvmij `h`dw} uhwfdw`libh mi sah ljhc sawdxjaìh`dimb swlmimij; L `hslliln}smb rsxc}) Ur}badndj} lic Ljmij . <==7? :; 73778<)_1P) Nh`lmwh U. Gahwhw N) Hiswléih`his bdjimsmf hs vmhmnnmrrh`his bdjimsmf) Mi ; Ur}badndjmh cxvmhmnnmrrh`his) Xih uhwruhbsmvh bdjimsmvh) Ch Gdhbo. Gwxqhnnhr. 7558 ; 2<:28:)_=P) Glnn O. Ghwba CG. Ahn`hwr OF. Kdgh KG. Nhvhbo @C. @lwrmroh @. @dwwmr KI. Whgdo JZ. R`msaC@. Shiirshcs RN. Xivhw{ljs FZ. Zmnnmr RN. fdw sah LBSMVH Rsxc} Jwdxu) Hffhbsr df BdjimsmvhSwlmimij Mishwvhismdir Zmsa Dnchw Lcxnsr) L Wlicd`m{hc Bdiswdnnhc Swmln) KL@L 7557? 711; 77:<

771<)_<5P) Flgwmjdxnh B. Nhshiihxw N. Clwsmjxhr KF. [lwwdxo @. Bd``hijhr C. GlwghwjhwJlshlx U) Rdbmlnlic nhmrxwh lbsmvmsmhr lic wmro df ch`hisml; l uwdruhbsmvh ndijmsxcmiln rsxc}) K L` Jhwmlsw Rdb <==8?32; 3183=5)_<<P) Fwmhcnlic WU. Fwmsrba S. R`}sa OL. Odrr H. Nhwihw LK. Bahi BA. Uhsds JK. Chgliih R@)Ulsmhisr zmsa Ln{ahm`hw”r cmrhlrh alvh whcxbhc lbsmvmsmhr mi `mcnmfh bdùlwhc zmsa ahlnsa} bdiswdnjwdxu `h`ghwr) Uwdb Ilsn Lblc Rbm XRL 755<? =1 ; 23352338)_<7P) Rblw`hlr I. Nhv} J. Slij @Q. @lin} K. Rshwi ]) Mifnxhibh df nhmrxwh lbsmvms} di sah mibmchibh dfLn{ahm`hw*r cmrhlrh) Ihxwdndj} 755<. 8: !<7- ; 77267737)_<2P) Rshwi ]. Lnghws R. Slij @Q. Srlm Z]) Wlsh df `h`dw} chbnmih mi LC mr whnlshc sd hcxblsmdi licdbbxulsmdi; bdjimsmvh whrhwvh 4 Ihxwdndj} <=== ? 82 !=- ; <=37<=3:)_<3P) Ghiihss CL. Zmnrdi WR. Rbaihmchw KL hs ln) Hcxblsmdi `dcmfmhr sah whnlsmdi df LC ulsadndj} sdnhvhn df bdjimsmvh fxibsmdi mi dnchw uhwrdir) Ihxwdndj} 7552. 65; <=5=<=<8)_<8P) Rblw`hlr I. Lnghws R@. @lin} KK. Rshwi ]) Hcxblsmdi lic wlshr df bdjimsmvh chbnmih mi mibmchisLn{ahm`hw*r cmrhlrh) Kdxwiln df Ihxwdndj}. Ihxwdrxwjhw} lic Ur}bamlsw}. 7556. ::; 2512<6)_<6P) Zmnrdi WR. Glwihr NN. Owxhjhw OW. Adjlirdi J. Gmhimlr KN. Ghiihss CL) Hlwn} lic nlsh nmfhbdjimsmvh lbsmvms} lic bdjimsmvh r}rsh`r mi dnc ljh) K Mis Ihxwdur}badn Rdb) 7558 Kxn? <<!3-; 35535:)_<:P) Zmnrdi WR. @hichr Ch Nhdi BF. Glwihr NN. Rbaihmchw KL. Gmhimlr KN. Hvlir CL. Ghiihss CL)Ulwsmbmulsmdi mi Bdjimsmvhn} Rsm`xnlsmij Lbsmvmsmhr lic Wmro df Mibmchis Ln{ahm`hw Cmrhlrh) KL@L 7557 ?71: ; :37:31)_<1P) Fwlsmjnmdim N. UlmnnlwcGdwj R. Zmignlc G) Li lbsmvh lic rdbmlnn} mishjwlshc nmfhrs}nh mi nlsh nmfh`mjas uwdshbs ljlmirs ch`hisml) Sah Nlibhs Ihxwdndj}. 7553. 2; 232282)

Ghwilwc Bwdmrmnh. @C. UaC Uljh <5 df <7




_<=P) Gxhnn RK. Bdnh`li UC) \xlismslsmvh hvmchibh fdw rhnhbsmvh chicwmsmb jwdzsa mi idw`ln ax`liljmij gxs ids mi rhimnh ch`hisml) Gwlmi Whrhlwba . <=1<? 7<3; 723<)_75P) Blgh{l W) Bdjimsmvh ihxwdrbmhibh df ljmij ; bdiswmgxsmdir df fxibsmdiln ihxwdm`ljmij) Rbli K Ur}badn 755<? 37; 7::716)_7<P) Ndjli K@. Rlichwr LN. Ri}chw L[. @dwwmr KB. Gxboihw WN) XichwWhbwxms`his lic IdirhnhbsmvhWhbwxms`his; Cmrrdbmlgnh Ihxwln @hbalimr`r Lrrdbmlshc zmsa Ljmij) Ihxwdi. 7557? 22; 17:135)_77P) Blgh{l W. Lichwrdi IC. Ndblisdwh KO. @bMisdra LW) Ljmij Jwlbhfxnn}; Bdùhirlsdw} GwlmiLbsmvms} mi AmjaUhwfdw`mij Dnchw Lcxnsr) IhxwdM`ljh. 7557? <:!2- ; <2=3<357)_72P) Cxindro} K. Ahws{dj B) @hlrxwmij rswlshj} uwdcxbsmdi cxwmij lrrdbmlsmvh nhlwimij; sah whnlsmvhxsmnms} df bdibxwwhis vhwrxr whswdruhbsmvh whudwsr) @h`dw} & Bdjimsmdi . 755<. @lw? 7=!7-; 73:782)_73P) Whgdo JZ. Wlr`xrrdi CQ. Gwlics K) Uwdruhbsr fdw Bdùxshwm{hc @h`dw} Swlmimij mi Idw`lnHnchwn}; Hffhbsr df Uwlbsmbh di Hqunmbms lic Mùnmbms @h`dw} Slror) Luunmhc Bdjimsmvh Ur}badndj}.<==6? <5; 7<<772)_78P) Dnhrhi UK. Zhrshwghwj A. Onmijghwj S) Mibwhlrhc uwhfwdisln lic ulwmhsln lbsmvms} lfshw swlmimij dfzdwomij `h`dw}) Ilsxwh Ihxwdrbmhibh 7553? :; :8:=)_76P) Fmio K. Odgrl L. Imnn L) Lcluslgnh lic Lclusmvh Mifdw`lsmdi Lbbhrr fdw Lnn Xrhwr. Mibnxcmij sahCmrlgnhc lic sah Hnchwn}) Mi; L Kl`hrdi. B Ulwmr. lic B Slrrd !Hcr)-. Xrhw @dchnnmij <==: ) RuwmijhwVmhiil. Ihz ]dwo. <==:; <:<<:2)

_7:P) @mbahn B. GdgmnnmhwBalx`di @H. Bdahi@dislicwhlx V. SlwumiGhwilwc F) M``hwrmdi ch nluhwrdiih çjíh hi `lmrdi ch whswlmsh; ísxch chr mibmchibhr udrrmgnhr chr SMB clir rl!wh-bdirswxbsmdi ur}badrdbmlnh)Rx``hw ximvhwrms} fdw `xnsm`hcml hcxslmi`his lic shlbamij`xnsm`hcml; NXCDVML Rx``hw ximvhwrms} 7556) Rbmhismfmb r}ùdrmx`. Ilsmdiln `hhsmij fdw VNHuwdkhbs `liljhwr) RlmisNm{mhw. Kxn} 6. 7556)

Ghwilwc Bwdmrmnh. @C. UaC Uljh << df <7

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