Upload File

memory and its types

prev
next
out of 29
Download Memory and Its Types

Upload: neelneel89

Post on 03-Jun-2018

232 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    1/29

    MEMORY AND ITSTYPES

    PRESENTED BY:

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    2/29

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    3/29

    HOWTHECOMPUTERSYSTEMWORKS

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    4/29

    WHATISMEMORYA memory is just like ahuman brain.

    It is used to store data and

    instructions.

    Computer memory is the

    storage space in computer

    where data is to be

    processed and instructions

    required for processing arestored.

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    5/29

    COMPUTERMEMORY Two basic categories of computer memory:

    Pr imarystorage and secondary storage.

    Primarystores small amounts of data and

    information that will be immediately used by theCPU.

    Secondarystores much larger amounts of data

    and information (an entire software program, for

    example) for extended periods of time.

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    6/29

    PRIMARYSTORAGE Primary memory holds only those data and

    instructions on which computer is currently working.It has limited capacity and data gets lost whenpower is switched off.

    Primary storage takes place in chips mounted onthe computers main circuit board, called themotherboard .

    Four main types of primary storage: register,random access memory (RAM), cache memoryand read-only memory (ROM).

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    7/29

    TYPESOFPRIMARYSTORAGE Registers:registers are part of the CPU with the

    least capacity, storing extremely limited amounts ofinstructions and data only immediately before andafter processing.

    Random access memory (RAM): The part ofprimary storage that holds a software program andsmall amounts of data when they are brought fromsecondary storage.

    Cache memory:A type of primary storage wherethe computer can temporarily store blocks of dataused more often.

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    8/29

    TYPESPRIMARYSTORAGE CONTINUED) Read-only memory (ROM): Type of primary

    storage where certaincritical instructions aresafeguarded;the storage is nonvolatileand retainsthe instructions whenthe power to the computer isturned off.

    Flash memory:A form ofrewritable read-onlymemory thatis compact, portable, and requireslittleenergy.

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    9/29

    Random Access Memory RAM) holds its data as long as the computer is switched on

    All data in RAM is lost when the computer is switched off

    Described as being volatile

    It is direct accessas it can be both written to or read from in

    any order

    Its purpose is to temporarily hold programs and data for processing.

    In modern computers it also holds the operating system

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    10/29

    Types of RAM1. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

    It has short data lifetime

    Need to refresh continuously

    Slower as compared to SRAM

    Used as RAM

    Lesser in size

    Less expensive

    Less power consumption

    10

    2. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)

    It has long data lifetime

    There is no need to refresh

    FasterUsed as cache memory

    Large size

    Expensive

    High power consumption

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    11/29

    Read only memory ROM)ROM holds programs and data permanentlyeven when computer is

    switched off

    Data can be read by the CPU in any order so ROM is also direct access

    The contents of ROM are fixed at the time of manufacture

    Stores a program called the bootstrap loaderthat helps start up the

    computer

    Access time of between 10 and 50 nanoseconds

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    12/29

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    13/29

    Types of ROM3. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)

    Reprogrammed electrically without using ultraviolet light

    Must be removed from the computer and placed in a special machine to do this

    Access times between 45 and 200 nanoseconds

    4. Flash ROM

    Similar to EEPROM

    However, can be reprogrammed while still in the computer

    Easier to upgrade programs stored in Flash ROM

    Used to store programs in devices e.g. modems

    Access time is around 4590 nanoseconds

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    14/29

    SECONDARYSTORAGE

    Memory capacity that can store very large amounts ofdata for extended periodsof time. It is nonvolatile.

    It takes much more time to retrieve data because of the

    electromechanical nature.

    It is cheaper than primary storage.

    It can take place on a variety of media

    14

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    15/29

    Secondary storage

    Sequential access Direct access

    Magnetic tape

    Magnetic disk Optical disk

    Floppy diskHard disk CD-ROM WORM

    15

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    16/29

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    17/29

    MAGNETIC

    TAPES

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    18/29

    HARDDISK

    A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard

    drive," or "hard disk drive,"

    Stores and provides relatively quick access to large amounts

    of data

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    19/29

    HARDDISK

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    20/29

    HARDDISKDRIVE

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    21/29

    PEN DRIVE It is a data storage devicethat includes flash

    memorywith an integrated Universal Serial

    Bus(USB) interface.

    USB flash drives are typically removable and

    rewritable, and physically much smaller than

    an optical disc.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_dischttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_dischttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_device

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    22/29

    MEMORYCARDORFLASHCARD It is an electronic flash memorydata storage

    deviceused for storing digital information.

    They are commonly used in many electronic

    devices, including digital cameras, mobile

    phones, laptop computers, MP3 playersand videogame consoles.

    Most of these can be re-recordable, and can retain

    data without power.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    23/29

    OPTICAL DISKA storagemediumfrom which datais readand to

    which it is written by lasers.

    There are three basic types of optical disks:

    CD-ROM:Like audio CDs, CD-ROMs come with

    data already encoded onto them. The data ispermanent and can be read any number of times,but CD-ROMs cannot be modified.

    WORM:Stands for write-once, read -many.With aWORM disk drive, you can writedata onto aWORM disk, but only once. After that, the WORMdisk behaves just like a CD-ROM.

    Erasable:Optical disks that can be erased andloaded with new data, just like magnetic disks.

    http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/storage.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/media.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/data.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/read.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CD_ROM.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WORM.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/read.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/disk_drive.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/write.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/write.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/disk_drive.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/read.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/read.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/WORM.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CD_ROM.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CD_ROM.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CD_ROM.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/read.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/data.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/media.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/storage.html

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    24/29

    Disks are all made of magnetic material shaped as thin

    circular disk and protected by a plastic or acrylic cover

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    25/29

    Number of tracks on disk ranges from few hundred to a

    few thousand

    Each track typically ranges from tens of KB to 150KB

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    26/29

    Because a track usually contains large amount of

    information, it is divided in to smaller blocks called

    sectors.

    The division of a track into sectors is hard coded on thedisk surface and cannot be changed.

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    27/29

    FLOPPYDISKA floppy diskis a disk storagemedium composed

    of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic

    storagemedium, sealed in a rectangular plastic

    carrier lined with fabric that removes dust particles.

    Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk

    drive(FDD).

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_storage

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    28/29

    MEMORYHIERARCHY

    28

  • 8/13/2019 Memory and Its Types

    29/29


External Memory. Types of External Memory Magnetic Disk Optical Magnetic Tape

Types of Memory Allocation Schemes

Memory Types & Hierarchy

Survey of Modern Psychology Memory and Learning. Memory We will discuss: Types of memory Memory storage Memory retrieval Factors that influence memory

Memory Cellular and Molecular Basis of Memory Engram Temporal Types of Memory

Types of Memory

Data Types, Memory

Human Memory. Three Types Sensory Memory Short Term Memory Long Term Memory Sensory Memory Short Term Memory Long Term Memory

Memory: Types and Subsystems

Main Memory & DRAM · 2018. 5. 3. · Main Memory —Big Picture. 1) Last-level cache sends its memory requests to a Memory Controller. –Over a system bus of other types of interconnect

Chapter 5 Internal Memory. Semiconductor Memory Types

UNIT 6 - MEMORY TYPES

Different Types of Memory

THE MEMORY SYSTEM & INTERCONNECTION STRUCTURE OBJECTIVES Define Memory hierarchy and its characteristics Define various types of memories Define the

Memory Effectsof Benzodiazepines: Memory Stages and Types

Lecture No 9 Central Processing Unit Memory and Its Types Factors Affecting Speed

Lesson-17: Memory organisation, and types of memory

Internal Memory. Semiconductor Memory Types Memory TypeCategoryErasureWrite MechanismVolatility Random-access memory (RAM) Read-write memoryElectrically,

Semiconductor memories. Memories 2/38 Types of semiconductor memories Memory chip parameters Chosen types of memories Memory map Timings

CUDA Memory Types - University of North Dakotatdesell.cs.und.edu/lectures/cuda_3.pdfCUDA Memory Types 3. Reducing Global Memory Traffic 4. Example: Matrix-Matrix Multiplication Kernel

types of memory in computer

Memory and C++ Pointers. C++ objects and memory C++ primitive types and memory Note: “primitive types” = int, long, float, double, char, … January

05 Internal Memory - studentsfounder.com › ... › 05_Internal-Memory.pdf · Internal Memory . Semiconductor Memory Types . Semiconductor Memory •RAM —Misnamed as all semiconductor

Semiconductor Memory Types

Internal Memory (RAM and ROM) User Guide · Memory Block Types Page 5 © November 2009 Altera Corporation Internal Memory (RAM and ROM) User Guide Memory Block Types The embedded

COMPUTER MEMORY : TYPES & FUNCTIONS

Storage Device Computer Component : Storage Device (External Memory, Secondary Memory, Secondary Storage) Storage Types Magnetic Types Optical Types

Ram Memory Types

Systems and Types of Memory

Memory. Encoding, Retrieval, and Recall Types of Memory (Explicit)(Implicit)

Types of Memory: EQ: What are the types of memory and how do they help us remember?

Memory - RAM and its types

16.2 Types of Semiconductor · 2016. 6. 8. · 1 16.2 Types of Semiconductor Memories (1) Computer memory can be divided into 2 types: main memory and mass storage memory. The main

Overview: Memory Memory Organization: General Issues (Hardware) –Objectives in Memory Design –Memory Types –Memory Hierarchies Memory Management (Software

~rudolf psychology Types of memory