memora john - medicina.ulisboa.pt · dr. deepti gurdasani, queen mary university of london, uk...

16/07/2021 JOHN SNOW MEMORANDUM - John Snow Memorandum

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CLICK HERE TO ADD YOUR SUPPORT ANDSIGN THE DECLARATION

Learn more about the emergency summiton Thursday 8 July 2021 here

Nine months after the John Snow Memorandum outlined the dangers of a

strategy of herd immunity by infection, the UK government has decided to

abandon most mitigations in England on the 19th of July. This will be done

amid a background of surging cases, while only half of our population is fully

vaccinated. This means exposing millions to infection, and its consequences,

In signed by more than 120 scientists, we outline

our grave concerns about this strategy and call on the government to

change course urgently.

THE DECLARATION

MASS INFECTION IS NOT AN OPTION: WE MUSTDO MORE TO PROTECT OUR YOUNG

As the third wave of the pandemic takes hold across England, the UK

Government plans to further re-open the nation. Implicit in this decision is

the acceptance that infections will surge, but that this does not matter

our letter to The Lancet

First published in The Lancet, 7 July 2021

JOHNSNOWMEMORA

DECLARATION INTERNATIONAL

SUMMIT RESPONSE MORE...

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because vaccines have “broken the link between infection and mortality”1.

On July 19, 2021—branded as Freedom Day—almost all restrictions are set to

end. We believe this decision is dangerous and premature.

An end to the pandemic through population immunity requires enough of

the population to be immune to prevent exponential growth of SARS-CoV-2.

Population immunity is unlikely to be achieved without much higher levels

of vaccination than can be reasonably expected by July 19, 2021.

Proportionate mitigations will be needed to avoid hundreds of thousands of

new infections, until many more are vaccinated. Nevertheless, the UK

Government's intention to ease restrictions from July 19, 2021, means that

immunity will be achieved by vaccination for some people but by natural

infection for others (predominantly the young). The UK Health Secretary has

stated that daily cases could reach 100 000 per day over the summer months

of 2021.2

The link between infection and death might have been weakened, but it has

not been broken, and infection can still cause substantial morbidity in both

acute and long-term illness. We have previously pointed to the dangers of

relying on immunity by natural infection,3 and we have f ive main concerns

with the UK Government's plan to lift all restrictions at this stage of the

pandemic.

First, unmitigated transmission will disproportionately affect unvaccinated

children and young people who have already suffered greatly. Off icial

show that as of July 4, 2021, 51% of the total UK population

have been fully vaccinated and 68% have been partially vaccinated. Even

assuming that approximately 20% of unvaccinated people are protected by

previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, this still leaves more than 17 million people

with no protection against COVID-19. Given this, and the high transmissibility

of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, exponential growth will probably continue

until millions more people are infected, leaving hundreds of thousands of

people with long-term illness and disability.4

This strategy risks creating a generation left with chronic health problems

and disability, the personal and economic impacts of which might be felt for

decades to come.

UK

Government data

https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/vaccinations



Second, high rates of transmission in schools and in children will lead to

signif icant educational disruption, a problem not addressed by abandoning

isolation of exposed children (which is done on the basis of imperfect daily

rapid tests).5 The root cause of educational disruption is transmission, not

isolation. Strict mitigations in schools alongside measures to keep

community transmission low and eventual vaccination of children will

ensure children can remain in schools safely.6,7,8 This is all the more

important for clinically and socially vulnerable children. Allowing

transmission to continue over the summer will create a reservoir of infection,

which will probably accelerate spread when schools and universities re-open

in autumn.

Third, preliminary modelling data9 suggest the government's strategy

provides fertile ground for the emergence of vaccine-resistant variants. This

would place all at risk, including those already vaccinated, within the UK and

globally. While vaccines can be updated, this requires time and resources,

leaving many exposed in the interim. Spread of potentially more

transmissible escape variants would disproportionately affect the most

disadvantaged in our country and other countries with poor access to

vaccines.

Fourth, this strategy will have a signif icant impact on health services and

exhausted health-care staff who have not yet recovered from previous

infection waves. The link between cases and hospital admissions has not

been broken, and rising case numbers will inevitably lead to increased

hospital admissions, applying further pressure at a time when millions of

people are waiting for medical procedures and routine care.

Fifth, as deprived communities are more exposed to and more at risk from

COVID-19, these policies will continue to disproportionately affect the most

vulnerable and marginalised, deepening inequalities.

In light of these grave risks, and given that vaccination offers the prospect of

quickly reaching the same goal of population immunity without incurring

them, we consider any strategy that tolerates high levels of infection to be

both unethical and illogical. The UK Government must reconsider its current

strategy and take urgent steps to protect the public, including children. We



believe the government is embarking on a dangerous and unethical

experiment, and we call on it to pause plans to abandon mitigations on July

19, 2021.

Instead, the government should delay complete re-opening until everyone,

including adolescents, have been offered vaccination and uptake is high,

and until mitigation measures, especially adequate ventilation (through

investment in CO2 monitors and air f iltration devices) and spacing (eg, by

reducing class sizes), are in place in schools. Until then, public health

measures must include those called for by WHO (universal mask wearing in

indoor spaces, even for those vaccinated), the Scientif ic Advisory Group for

Emergencies (SAGE), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

(ventilation and air f iltration), and Independent SAGE (effective border

quarantine; test, trace isolate, and support). This will ensure that everyone is

protected and make it much less likely that we will need further restrictions

or lockdowns in the autumn.

REFERENCES

1. Morton B. Covid: Boris Johnson upbeat about easing lockdown in England

on 19 July. BBC News, July 4, 2021.

2. Wright K. Covid: Self-isolation to be scrapped for double-jabbed and

children in England. BBC News, July 6, 2021

3. Alwan NA, Burgess RA, Ashworth S, et al. Scientif ic consensus on the

COVID-19 pandemic: we need to act now. Lancet 2020; 396(10260): e71-e2.

4. ONS. (COVID-19)

infection in the UK: 1 July 2021, 2021.

5. Gurdasani D. ZH, Greenhalgh T, Roberts A, Yates K, Haque Z, Michie S,

McKee M, Pagel C, Hyde Z, Bassani DG, West R, Reicher S, Deeks J. Daily

contact testing trials in schools are unethical and extending them to include

the delta variant puts everyone at risk. BMJ Opinion 2021.

6. Gurdasani D, Alwan NA, Greenhalgh T, et al. School reopening without

robust COVID-19 mitigation risks accelerating the pandemic. Lancet 2021;

Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus

https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/1july2021



397(10280): 1177-8.

7. Lessler J, Grabowski MK, Grantz KH, et al. Household COVID-19 risk and in-

person schooling. Science 2021.

8. The ABC Science Collaborative Final Report for NC School Districts and

Charters in Plan A, 2021.

9. Gog JR HE, Danon L, Thompson R. Vaccine escape in a heterogeneous

population: insights for SARS-CoV-2 from a simple model. MedRxiv 2021.

CLICK HERE TO ADD YOUR SUPPORT ANDSIGN THE DECLARATION

SIGNATORIES

Dr. Deepti Gurdasani, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Professor John Drury, University of Sussex, UK

Professor Trisha Greenhalgh, University of Oxford, UK

Dr. Stephen Griff in, University of Leeds, UK

Dr. Zoë Hyde, University of Western Australia, Australia

Professor Aris Katzourakis, University of Oxford, UK

Professor Martin McKee, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Professor Susan Michie, University College London, UK

Professor Christina Pagel, University College London, UK

Professor Ann Phoenix, University College, London

Professor Deenan Pillay, University College London, UK

Dr Zubaida Haque, Member of Independent SAGE

Professor Kimberly Prather, University of California, San Diego, USA

Professor Stephen Reicher, University of St. Andrews, UK

Professor Naveed Sattar, University of Glasgow, UK

Professor Robert West, University College London, UK

https://t.co/T4EBp2LmhW



Dr. Kit Yates, University of Bath, UK

Dr. Hisham Ziauddeen, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr. Joe Pajak, FRSC, CSci, NHS Foundation Trust Governor, UK

Professor Karl Friston, University College London, UK

Dr Dominic Pimenta, Richmond Research Institute, U.K.

Dr Christos Argyropoulos, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico ,

Albuquerque, NM, USA

Professor Andrew Ewing, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Prof. Carlos Gershenson, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.

Professor Alice Roberts, University of Birmingham, UK

Professor Elizabeth Stokoe, Loughborough University, UK

Professor Gabriel Scally, University of Bristol, UK

Dr David Berger, GP Emergency Doctor, Broome, Australia

Dr. Rochelle A. Burgess, University College London, UK

Professor Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany

Professor David Cameron, University of Edinburgh, UK

Dr Sterghios A. Moschos, Northumbria University, UK

Professor Joshua Silver, University of Oxford, UK

Professor Kailash Chand, Former Deputy chair BMA, UK

Professor Elias Mossialos, London School of Economics and Political Science

Professor Ken Rice, University of Edinburgh, UK

Dr. Bharat Pankhania, University of Exeter, UK

Dr. Mike Gill, Former Regional Director of Public Health, UK

Dr. Graham Winyard, former Medical Director, NHS England, UK

Dr Sakkaf Ahmed Aftab,Chair BMA Yorkshire Consultant

Committee,Northern Lincolnshire & Goole NHS Foundation Trust.

Prof. Sunil Raina, Dr. RP Govt. Medical College, Tanda, India

Dr Katrin Rabiei, Neurosurgery Consultant, Gothenburg, Sweden

Dr. Tom Lawton, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Professor Colin Davis, University of Bristol, UK

Dr Asad Khan, Consultant Respiratory Physician, Manchester University

Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Professor Debby Bogaert, University of Edinburgh, UK

Dr Christine Peters , Consultant Microbiologist, NHS Greater Glasgow and

Clyde, UK

Dr Stephen Duckett, Director, Health Program. Grattan Institute, Melbourne,

Australia



Dr. Elena Mikalsen, Assistant Professor, Baylor College of Medicine, USA

Professor Maya H Buch, University of Manchester, UK

Dr. David R. Tomlinson, Fresh Air NHS, UK

Professor Julian Mamo, University of Malta, Msida, Malta

Dr Bobbie Jacobson, Johns Hopkins University, US

Dr Stephane Bourgeois, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Dr Valentina Gallo, University of Groningen, Netherlands

Ms. Helen Hughes, Chief Executive, Patient Safety Learning, UK

Professor Jose M Martin-Moreno, University of Valencia, & Senior Adviser,

WHO/Europe - Public Health and Health Systems, Hon FFPH, Royal Colleges

of Physicians of the United Kingdom

Dr. Alison George, General Practitioner, and honorary GP in Emergency

Medicine, UK

Dr. Matt Prescott, Independent Scientist, UK

Dr. Miquel Oliu-Barton, Université Paris Dauphine–PSL, Paris, France

Dr. Bary Pradelski, French National Centre for Scientif ic Research (CNRS),

France

Dr. Peter W.G. Tennant, University of Leeds, UK

Professor Mark S Gilthorpe, University of Leeds, UK

Professor Yaneer Bar-Yam, President, New England Complex Systems

Institute, US

Dr Penelope Toff, Co-Chair Public Health Medicine Committee, BMA, UK

Professor Alastair H Leyland, University of Glasgow

Dr. Eilir Hughes, Fresh Air NHS, UK

Dr. Matt Butler, Fresh Air NHS, UK

Dr Rachel Clarke, Oxford, UK

Dr. Huw Waters, Fresh Air NHS, UK

Dr Richard Fitzgerald , Retired Consultant Radiologist, UK

Dr Clare Wenham, London School of Economics and Political Science

Dr Jonathan Ben-Artzi, Cardiff University, UK

Dr Charlotte Wilhelm-Benartzi, Cardiff University, UK

Professor Nicolas Dirr, Cardiff University, UK

Dr Manjil P. Saikia, Cardiff University, UK

Dr Robert Wilson, Cardiff University, UK

Professor Owen Jones, Cardiff University, UK

Lisa Kennedy, Cardiff University, UK

Dr. Andreas Artemiou, Cardiff University, UK



Dr. Ulrich Pennig, Cardiff University, UK

Dr. Federica Dragoni, Cardiff University, UK

Dr Julia Patterson, EveryDoctor, UK

Professor Anthony Costello, University College London, and former director

of Maternal and Child Health, WHO

Prof Alan McNally, University of Birmingham, UK

Dr Peter M B English, recently retired Consultant in Communicable Disease

Control; Immediate past Chair of BMA Public Health Medicine Committee

Dr. Klaus Hentrich, KH Innovation, UK

Dr. Usama Kadri, Cardiff University, UK

Professor Adrian Hayday, King’s College London & Francis Crick Institute,

London, UK

Dr. Irene Tosetti, Anesthesiologist, Geneva, Switzerland

Professor Michael G Baker, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand

Dr. Chaand Nagpaul, Chair of the Council of the British Medical Association

Professor Melissa Parker, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK

Professor Laura Bear, London School of Economics and Political Science

Dr Matthew Reeves, University College London, UK

Dr Andrew Tuplin, University of Leeds, UK

Professor Adrian Whitehouse, University of Leeds, UK

Professor John McLauchlan, University of Glasgow, UK

Dr Duncan Robertson, Loughborough University & St Catherine’s College,

Oxford

Professor Andrew Macdonald, University of Leeds, UK

Dr Tolu Oni, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr Hongyi Zhang, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Dr. Eric Topol, The Scripps Research Institute, US

Dr. Jennifer Brenton, Independent Consultant Obstetrician Gynecologist, US

Dr Natalya Davis, Pediatrician, US

Dr. Angela Duke, Independent Consultant Obstetrician Gynecologist, US

Dr. Vipul Shah , Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, India

Dr. Katya Shpilberg, Radiologist, USA

Dr. Suzanne L. Steele, Family Medicine, US

Dr. Catherine Scott, Psychiatrist, University of Southern California, US

Dr KK Cheng, University of Birmingham

Professor Melanie M. Brinkmann, Technische Universität Braunschweig,

Germany



Dr YuFeng Judy Huang, General Practitioner Sydney NSW Australia

Dr Kate Jardine, Paediatric Cardiologist, Newcastle NSW Australia

Dr Sherry Jester, Pediatrician, US

Associate Professor Ehud Zamir, Ophthalmologist, University of Melbourne,

Victoria, Australia

Lorraine Baker, General Practitioner, Melbourne Australia

Dr Nancy Malek, Anaesthetist, Sydney, Australia

Dr. Alissa Kahn, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Rowan University, USA

Professor Lisa Maher, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW

Sydney, Australia

Professor Joanna Parish, University of Birmingham, UK

Dr. John A. Jimenez, Independent Consultant Psychiatrist, US

Dr Julian W Tang, Honorary Associate Professor/ Clinical Virologist,

Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

Dr David Allen, Occupational and Environmental Physician, Sydney, Australia

Dr. Tania Thorn, NHS, Uk

Dr. Sarah Brien, University of Southampton, UK

Mrs. Judith Jackson, University of Stirling, United Kingdom

Professor Willem van Schaik, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Dr. Maggie Deytrikh, None, retired palliative care doctor, UK

Dr. Marc Redmile-Gordon, Royal Horticultural Society, United Kingdom

Dr. Lisa Graham-Wisener, Queen's University Belfast, UK

Dr. Paul Toner, Queen's University Belfast, UK

Dr. Winnie Chua, University of Birmingham, UK

Dr. Jenny Groarke, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom

Mrs. Dr. Katja Adolf, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Ms. Rosy Fitzgerald, University of London, United Kingdom

Dr. Katherine McConkey, NHS GP, United Kingdom

Dr. Yara Evans, Imperial College London, UK

Prof. Humberto Debat, National Intitute of Technology, Argentina

Dr. Pieter Peach, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Australia

Professor Mark A Hollywood, Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk

Institute of Technology, Co Louth., Ireland

Dr. Richard H. Ebright, Rutgers University, United States

Professor Catherine Walshe, Lancaster University, UK

A/Prof. Basu Gopal, The Alfred & Monash University, Australia

Ms. Pamela lincoln, Health professionals, Australia



Mr. Rein Leetmaa, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Gita Sinha, CEO, Almora Health Strategies, United States

Dr. Andrea Perna, University of Roehampton, UK

Dr. Lucky Tran, Columbia University, USA

Miss Hattie Taylor, HCW, England

Professor Jennifer Maggs, Pennsylvania State University, USA

Professor Paul Dolman, University of East Anglia, UK

Dr. Sarah Willicombe, GP, UK

Dr Vipul Shah, Vipul, R P Shah Memorial Trust for Children with Disabilities,

India

Miss Jacqueline Mburu, Nurse with long covid, United Kingdom

Doctor, Noor Bari, Western Sydney Local district hospital, Australia

Dr. William Lees, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK

Dr. Amanda Kvalsvig, University of Otago Wellington, New Zealand

Dr. Emma Weisblatt, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation

Trust, UK

Dr. Kelvin Ward, Royal New Zealand College of Urgent Care, New Zealand

Dr. Daniela Litzlbauer, HNO2-Gruppenpraxis, Austria

Dr. Tim Worthley, General Practitioner, PCN Clinical Director Sussex, United

Kingdom

Dr. Naomi Clement, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom

Mr. Geraint Jones, Adv. Pharmacist - HIV & Homecare, Cwm Taf Morgannwg

University Health Board, United Kingdom

Miss Nicki Fuller, Nurse, UK

Mrs. Sarah Buttimore, Registered Nurse, Uk

Dr. John Blenkinsopp, Retired Medical Practitioner, UK

Dr. Emma Wilmot, University Hospitals of Derby & Burton NHS FT, England

Professor David Gordon, University of Bristol, UK

Dr. Hisbel Arochena, IEEE / EMBS, UK

Dr. Sian Arfon, GP , Wales

Dr. Melanie Stefan, University of Edinburgh, UK

Prof. Dr. Dominique de Quervain, University of Basel, Switzerland

Dr. James Whitehorn, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,

United Kingdom

Dr. Andrew K Black, Retired Consultant Psychiatrist, UK

Professor Pankaj Trivedi, Sapienza University, Rome, Italia

Dr. Helen Allott, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK



Professor Joseph Harbison, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin,

Ireland

Dr. Amber Ruigrok, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mrs. Samantha killen, NHS staff, parent of three school age children, United

Kingdom

Professor Angel Chater, University of Bedfordshire; British Psychological

Society COVID-19 Behavioural Science and Disease Prevention Taskforce, UK

Dr. Edward Emmott, University of Liverpool, UK

Mrs. Nicola Selhuber, Health professional, Scotland

Mrs. Gillian Hamilton, Optometrist, Scotland

Professor Brendan Delaney, Imperial College London, UK

Dr. Gillian Shorter, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom

Dr. Gavin Stewart, University of Newcastle, Cochrane, Campbell

Collaboration, United Kingdom

Occupational Therapist, Helen Skiff ington, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Grace Roberts, Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom

Andy, Turner, University of Leeds, UK

Ms. f iona patterson, health care professional, United Kingdom

Dr. Victor Arturo Matamoros Gomez, Instituto Anahuac de Salud Publica.

Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Mexico

Mr. Stephen Porter, Dental surgeon B.D.S., United Kingdom

Student, Ishank Tiwari, Independent Researcher, India

Dr. Lucy Thompson, University of Aberdeen, Scotland

Mr. Robert Dyas, Oral Surgeon, UK

Dr. Dilip Kumar Gandhi, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS

Trust, United Kingdom

Dr. Louise Davis, NHS doctor and Associate Clinical Professor England

Mrs. Kelly Raihani, Family liasion off icer NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Kerry Smith, Parklands, United Kingdom

Dr. Myrna Over, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Dr. Helen Wise, Consultant anaesthetist, University Hospitals Dorset, United

Kingdom, United Kingdom

Dr. Margaret Husted, University of Winchester, Uk - England

Mr. Anthony E Kemp, Registered Nurse, UK

Dr. Jack Ferguson, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Dr. Andrew Lee, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom

Dr. Daniel Campion, Travel Health Physician, United Kingdom



Dr. Abigail Hine, Consultant Anaesthetist, NHS, UK

Professor Chris Ponting, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Dr. Kevin Herbert, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Dr. Eleanor Gaunt, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Ms. Lisa Brighton, King's College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Michael Zandi, UCLH and UCL, United Kingdom

Dr. Pierre Antoine, King's College London, Royaume-Uni

Dr. Rene Loewenson, TARSC

Ms. Katie Love, Aberystwyth university, United Kingdom

Dr. Amy Elliott, General practice, United Kingdom

Ms. Nichola Goddard, Public health England, UK

Miss Gaynor Marshall, Retired Health/Public Heath Professional, England

Professor of Developmental Clinical Psychology, Cathy Creswell, University of

Oxford, UK

Associate Professor Duncan Sparrow, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Dr. Charlotte Bonardi, University of Nottingham, UK

Mx, Alex Porter, Support Worker, UK

Ms. Alexandra Bartlett, Royal Veterinary College, UK

Professor Alison Adam, Sheffield Hallam University, UK

Dr. Harriet Mears, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom

Dr. Sue Laughlin, Peoples Health Movement Scotland, Scotland

Dr. Pragya Vohra, University of York, UK

Mrs. Sam Donaldson, Research Nurse, Scotland

Dr. Elizabeth Sawyer, University of Westminster, UK

Dr. Virginia Gould, University of Bristol, UK

Dr. Pauline Campbell, GCU, UK

Dr. Imogen Wright, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa

Ms. M. Clapperton, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom

Mr. Peter Lion, Private Healthcare / Rutherford Cancer Centre, England

Dr. Clare Leong, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Professor Richard Simpson, universities of Stirling (NMAHP research unit) &St

Andres University medical school, UK

Dr. Sorcha Holloway, NHS, UK

Dr. Julie Greenslade, Retired Community Paediatrician, UK

Dr. Sarah Jackson, Consultant Radiologist, United Kingdom

Dr. Marianne Seebold, NHS worker (off sick for 15 months with long covid),

England



Dr. Y. Hancock, University of York, U.K.

Mrs. Louise Slorance, Edinburgh, UK

Professor Daryl O'Connor, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Dr. Amy Downing, University of Leeds, UK

Dr. Richard Sloan, University of Edinburgh, UK

Dr. Konstantin Blyuss, University of Sussex, United Kingdom

Doctorant, Mark A. Hanson, EPFL, Switzerland

Mrs. Susan Royse, ROYAL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NURSING AND

MIDWIFERY COUNCIL., United Kingdom

Dr. Matthew Burgess, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Mrs. Olesya Spencer, NHS GP surgery, UK

Mrs. Sarah Hockey, Nurse, United Kingdom

Professor Stephen E Moss, University College London, UK

Dr. KAREN CAMPOS LEON, University of Birmingham (most recently), UK

Professor Kavita Vedhara, University of Nottingham, England

Mrs. Dawn Knight, Health care professional, England

Dr. Trudi Edginton, City, University of London, UK

MD PhD, Maria Jesus Diaz Candamio, Hospital Universitario A Coruna,

Espana

Dr. Santosh Kumar, University of Birmingham, UK

, Dr raghavendra Bhat, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences

University, UAE

Ms. Norina Gasteiger, University of Manchester, UK

Dr. Kasia Bera, St Annes College, Oxford, Uk

Mrs. Ellen phipps, Nhs, Uk

Dr. med., Apela Salamon, KAGES, Austria

Dr. Miraz Rahman, King's College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Mark Bowler, Educational Psychologist, United Kingdom

Dr. Pooja Mishra, GP, UK

Prof. David Schultz, University of Manchester, UK

Professor Alan Parker, Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Dr. Eliza Wolfson, University of Bristol, United Kingdom

Dr. Aimee Murray, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Dr. Katherine Brown, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr. Euan Bennet, University of Bristol, UK

Professor Robert Beynon, Emeritus, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

Dr. Jerzy Samolej, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom



Professor of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Raymond Agius, The

University of Manchester, UK

Professor Nicolas Locker, University of Surrey, United Kingdom

Dr. Kayleigh Hook, The Lancet, United Kingdom

Miss Kirsty Stanley, Independent Occupational Therapist at Occupation4Life

Ltd, United Kingdom

Mrs. Justine Blyth-Towers, HCW, United Kingdom

Dr. Blair Strang, St George's, University of London, UK

Dr. Anna Rom, NHS GP, United Kingdom

Mr. Ben Moody, Nhs, United Kingdom

Dr. Andrea Schafferhans, TU Munchen, Germany

Miss May, Biologist, public, Bristol

Dr. Sonia Chester, GP, England

Dr. Kate Harrison, University of Chester, United Kingdom

Dr. Tony Biggins, Psychiatrist rtd, UK

Dr. Arthur Hosie, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom

Dr. Maia Chankseliani, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Dr. Rowan Walmsley, Doctor, Uk

Dr. Michael Head, University of Southampton, United Kingdom

Professor Rob Sneyd, University of Plymouth, UK

Mr. Henry Mather, Previous NHS employee, United Kingdom

Dr. Yuki Furuse, Kyoto University, Japan

Dr. Catherine Dodds, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, United

Kingdom

Dr. Tom Arnot, University of Bath, United Kingdom

Ms. Claire Elek, Quadram Institute, United Kingdom

Ms. Judith Bueno de Mesquita, Co-Deputy Director, Human Rights Centre,

Lecturer, School of Law, University of Essex, United Kingdom

Mr. David Smith, NHS, United Kingdom

Ms. Olga Stepanova, MRC HGU, University of Edinburgh, Scotland

Prof. Charles Antaki, Loughborough University, United Kingdom

Dr. Huw Waters, FreshAir Wales, Wales

Dr. Kazuki Shimizu, Hokkaido University, Japan

Dr. Benjamin Thomas, University of Bath, UK

PROFESSOR, BARBARA HARRISS-WHITE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY, United

Kingdom

Dr. Bai Li, University of Bristol, United Kingdom



Dr. Ian Kellar, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Dr. Angharad Ruttley, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Killian Hanlon, Harvard Medical School, USA

Prof. Mathew Owens, University of Reading, United Kingdom

Dr. Anna Smielewska, NHS, UK

Ms. April Hayes, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Dr. Emma Wall, Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom

dr, Rhys Thomas, Royal College of Anaesthetists, United Kingdom

Professor Dan Osborn, UCL, UK

Miss Victoria Jackson, University of Exeter, UK

Dr. Chris Jones, Royal Surrey Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Associate Professor Andrew Seal, UCL Institute for Global Health, England

Carly, Bliss, Cardiff University, Wales, UK

Prof. Dr. Michael A. R. Meier, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),

Germany

Dr. Hamish King, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom

Dr. Rachel Sumner, University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom

Dr. Susan Joseph, King's College London, United Kingdom

Mx, Zo√´ Freeman, University College London, United Kingdom

Prof. Nils Hoppe, Centre for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences, University of

Hannover, Germany

Dr. Richard A.I. Bethlehem, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Professor Edward Feil, University of Bath, United Kingdom

Dr. T. J. Bacon, Middlesex University, UK

Prof. Sara Mole, University College London, United Kingdom

Ms. Rita Reale, Nurse, United Kingdom

Professor and Fellow of Digital Health, Harold Thimbleby, Swansea

University, Wales

Dr. Michelle Richardson, Ucl, Uk

Dr. Karon Ornadel, Doctor, United Kingdom

Dr. Nina Fudge, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Dr. Samantha Caton, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom

Dr. Catherine Maria Vassallo, Member, Royal College of Psychiatrists &GMC,

United Kingdom

Mr. Paul Southon, Faculty of Public Health, United Kingdom

Mrs. Victoria Pointon, Registered Nurse, England

Mrs. Kezia Marshall, NHS, UK



Dr. Priya Silverstein, Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and

Education, UK

Dr. Michael Crichton, Heriot-Watt Univeristy, United Kingdom

Dr. Robin Fawcett, GP, United Kingdom

Dr. Nathalie Schmidt, UCL, UK

Associate Professor Clare Kelly, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Dr. Richard Bowyer, NHS Surgeon, UK

Dr. Meeta Tanna, GP, UK

Mrs. Helen Raywood, Hull University Hospitals NHS Trust, England

Dr. Barbara Zeitlinger, ENT specialist, Austria

Dr. Samar Betmouni, Consultant Neuropathologist, UK

Dr. Justin Parkhurst, Dept of Health Policy, London School of Economics and

Political Science, UK

Professor Suzanne Richards, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK

Dr. Jessica Hayes, College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, NUI

Galway, Ireland

Mr. Graeme Foubister, Retired NHS Consultant, Scotland

Dr. Richard Williams, Imperial College London, UK

Dr. Michael Orgel, Medact, UK

Dr. Chia Fan Liang, NHS consultant physician, UK

Prof. Georgina Born, Oxford University and UCL, UK

Dr. Victoria Donovan, University Hospitals Sussex, United Kingdom

Mrs. Lynne Churchill, Social Worker, United Kingdom

Mrs. Dorothy Partington, Palliative Care Specialist, Scotland.

Ms. Hilary Best, PwME, United Kingdom

Dr. Ping-Yi Kuo, Kingston Hospital NHS Trust, UK

Dr. Gavin Thoms, Retired Doctor, UK

Ms. Gabriella Merry, The Lancet, UK

Dr. Michael Orgel, Medact, UK

Dr. Rafael Romero Garcia, University of Cambridge, UK

Mr. Paul Butler, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, England

Dr. Lisa Ronan, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr. Manfred G. Kitzbichler, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr. Christina Tobin Kahrstrom, Scientist, senior editor at Nature magazine,

United Kingdom

Professor Catherine pope, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Dr. Elizabeth Dzeng, Associate Professor, UCSF; Senior Research Fellow,



Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, UK and US

Dr. Juan Francisco Palma, Bristol University, United Kingdom

Dr. Robert Stott-Marshall, University of Nottingham, UK

Mrs. Elizabeth Foubister, Retired NHS Dietitian, United Kingdom

Dr. Emma Major, University of York, U.K.

Dr. Gurdeep Sagoo, University of Leeds, UK

Professor Elaine Kempson, University of Bristol, United Kingdom

Mrs. Sue Chandler, Senior Clinical Pharmacist, Thurrock CCG, UK

Prof. James Bernard Walsh, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Professor Alan PALMER, University of Reading, United Kingdom

Doctor, Ole Olsen, MabMax Biologics Ltd., United Kingdom

Dr. Carolyn Way, University Hospitals Southampton, UK

Ms. Mary Willis, NMC, United Kingdom

Dr. Donal Hill, EPFL, Switzerland

Mr. Tim Kelly, Medi-Kelsey Ltd, UK

Dr. Julia Ferrari, University of York, United Kingdom

Dr. Antal Wozniak, University of Liverpool, UK

Dr. Chico, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Ms. Mary Rankin, , RCN, United Kingdom

Dr. Smita Nagmoti, Public Health ST2, UK

Professor Simon Gates, Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of

Birmingham, United Kingdom

Dr. Sally Baxter, GP, England,

mr, Paul wright, British Psychological Society, uk

Dr. Brad Amos, Emeritus MRC research group leader Cambridge, UK

Mr. Matthew Robinson BSc(Hons) MPhil CMCIEH, Chartered Institute if

Environmental Health, United Kingdom

Dr. Simon Williams, Senior Lecturer in People and Organisation, Swansea

University, United Kingdom

Dr. Martin Yuille, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Asst. Professor Orla Hegarty, University College Dublin, Ireland

Dr. Ashley Heinson, The University of Southampton, The United Kingdom of

Great Britain

Dr. Stephen P. Moss, Research Consultant, Computational Genomics, United

Kingdom

Mr. Andrew Rowell, Department of Health, University of Bath, UK

Dr. Veronika Rasic, NHS GP, United Kingdom



Andrew, Marsh, University of Warwick, United Kingdom

Miss Hannah Walker, University of York, UK

Ms. Caroline Fuggle, MSc Health Science, United Kingdom

Dr. Lana Lai, University of Manchester, UK

Dr. Rebecca Beeken, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Mrs. Clare Morgan, United Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation

Trust, UK

Mr. Gary Stocker, University of Warwick, UK

Dr. Jane Killalea, Primary Care, England

Mr. Theo DENYS, Nurse, Belgium

Dr. Jamie Wood, University of York, United Kingdom

Professor Laura JV Piddock, University of Birmingham, UK

Mr. Simon De Cogan, BABCP, United Kingdom

Councillor, Sarah Nield, Brighton and Hove City Council / Brighton and Hove

Green Party, United Kingdom

Dr. Debora Sijacki, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

General Practitioner, Dr. Carol Mooney, Irish College of General Practioners.,

Ireland

Dr. Luke Carter, University of Birmingham, UK

Mrs. Debra Blenkinsop, RGN/RHV member of RCN, England

Dr. Sarah Pocknell, NHS, UK

Dr. Saul Albert, Loughborough University, UK

Mr. Matthew Pearce, MEF2C Parent & Medical Personnel Support Group,

United Kingdom

Prof. David Barer, Newcastle University, United Kingdom

Dr. Kirsty McLean, GP, UK

Mr. Sergio Graziosi, EPPI Centre, University College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Victoria Holt, Homerton University Hospital, United Kingdom

Dr. Helen Day, NHS GP, UK

Mr. Trevor McCarthy, Independent Consultant, United Kingdom

Miss Sarah MacDonald, School Nursing Service, United Kingdom

Dr. Behdad Shambayati, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, UK

Mrs. Lorraine Morgan, Gerontology - British Society of Gerontology. Nursing -

retired, Wales

Dr. Olivia Davies, University Hospitals Dorset, UK

Professor Sandy Oliver, University College London, UK

Miss Julia Haynes, Research Assistant at Wytham woods, University of



Oxford, UK

Dr. Katy Sutcliffe, University College London, UK

Me, Peter Adelsberg, Registered Nurse, United Kingdom

Prof. Cait MacPhee, The University of Edinburgh, UK

Dr. Gillian Stokes, University College London, United Kingdom

Miss Deborah Klayman, NHS, UK

Dr. Meena Khatwa, UCL Social Research Institute, UK

Dr. med., H. Thole, Physician, Lecturer in Medical Education, Germany

Professor Martin B. Richards, University of Huddersfield, UK

Dr. Jo Thompson Coon, University of Exeter, UK

Dr. Alex Smith, Syngenta, United Kingdom

Dr. Victoria Carr, Wellcome Sanger Institute, United Kingdom

Mrs. Sara Mason, NHS Volunteer Responder, England

Dr. Christine Habgood-Coote, Retired GP, UK

Dr. Nabeela Aziz, Doctor, UK

Dr. Suzanne Johnson, University of Manchester, England

Dr. Rebecca Rees, Social Research Institute, University College London, UK

Ms. Ivy Owens, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Mrs. Paula Fitzsimon, Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, United Kingdom

Mr. David Walker-Sunderhauf, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Dr. Lisa Tyrer, Contact tracer, United Kingdom

Mrs. Moira Bennet, Retired MLSO in Microbiology, United Kingdom

Dr. Hassan Saleem, NHS, U.K.

Dr. Charlotte Ferguson, GP, UK

Dr. Nicola Peel, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, UK

Professor Diane G Newell OBE, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (retired), UK

Miss Katie Read, Health and Social Care worker, United Kingdom

Dr. Soma Meran, Cardiff University, Wales, UK

Dr. Mark Newman, UCL, United Kingdom

Mr. Simon Howarth, Royal College of Surgeons, UK

Professor Emeritus, Derek Edwards, Loughborough University, UK

Mr. Dominic Habgood-Coote, Imperial College London, UK

Mrs. Valerie Stuart, None, England

Dr. Vasa Curcin, King's College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Fiammetta Ugolini, NHS, UK

Professor Jonathan Sharples, University College London, UK

Dr. Marianne tinkler, NHS consultant, Uk



Professor Stuart Gilmour, Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's

International University, Japan

Dr. Jo McHugo, Nhs, England

Dr. Andrew Stephens, RCVS, United Kingdom

Ms. Pamela Henley, "

Fellow of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Chartered Scientist",

Wales, UK

Dr. Kate Lawlor, University Hospital Wales, Wales

Dr. Alfredo Espina, GP, United Kingdom

Dr. Dominique Florin, GP, London, UK

Ms. Julia Faulconbridge, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, UK

Miss Amy Robinson, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, UK

Dr. Barbara Vogel, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK

Miss Dessislava Veltcheva, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Dr. Alexey Mikaberidze, University of Reading, United Kingdom

Dr. Annabel Crossman, North Bristol NHS Trust, UK

Miss Naomi Gray, University of Oxford, UK

Dr. Mirre Simons, University of Sheffield, UK

Dr. Katherine Jones, Torbay and South Devon NHS Trust, Uk

Dr. Sara Clohisey, University of edinburgh, Scotland

Dr. Amrish Y. Baidjoe, LSHTM, the Netherlands

Dr. Katherine Wood, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Mr. Stephen Richer, University of Bath, United Kingdom

Dr. Angie Burns, Retired academic, UK

Mrs. Alyson Worley, NMC, United Kingdom

Dr. Lauren Smith, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Dr. Karen Palmer, retired, UK

Chartered Scientist CSci, Marilena Ioannou, De Montfort University, England

Dr. Diego Bassani, University of Toronto, Canada

Miss Nadia Khaliq, Health Care Worker, United Kingdom

Dr. Adele onder, Nhs grampian, U.K.

Dr. Diana Jellinek, Retired consultant paediatrician, United Kingdom

Ms. Linda Goodman, Post Grad Student Goldsmiths College, United

Kingdom

Mrs. Jackie Wyse, NHS staff, United Kingdom

Mrs. Maxine, Registered Nurse, UK

Dr. Eric Feigl-Ding, Federation of American Scientists, United States



Dr. Polly Nyiri, NHS, Uk

Dr. Ruth Mackay, NHS Anaesthetist, UK

Dr. Lindsay Broadbent, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom

Mrs. Nicola Philbin, University of Southampton, United Kingdom

Dr. Felicity Wood, NHS, Uk

Dr. Elena Pizzo, University College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Patrick O'Driscoll, UCL, United Kingdom

Dr. Tristram Wyatt, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Mrs. Claire Wilson, Retired health visitor and nurse, United Kingdom

Emeritus Professor james parle, University of Birmingham, UK

Dr. √Åine FitzGerald, Independent PhD Scientist, United Kingdom

Dr. Charles Lind, Retired consultant psychiatrist Ayrshire, Scotland

Mrs. Zoe Johnstone, Nhs, United Kingdom

Mr. Jack Williamson, The Lancet, United Kingdom

Dr. Peter Barabas, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom

Mr. Costas Tsakirides, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom

Professor Veronica Kinsler, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United

Kingdom

Mrs. Irene Kwan, Social Research Institute, University College London, United

Kingdom

Professor Cam Bowie, Retired Public Health Physician, United Kingdom

Dr. Emily Sammons, University of Oxford, UK

Professor Andrea Cornwall, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom

Miss Aljawharah, Phd student, UK

Dr. Gabriela Petrof, Gosh, United Kingdom

Mrs. Maureen Davies, RGN, England

Dr. Elizabeth McSweeney, NHS, England

Miss Sophie Rowlands, Registered Dietitian (Allied Healthcare Professional),

NHS, United Kingdom

Mr. Duncan Merrell, Paramedic Queensland Ambulance Service WHS Officer

Ret., Australia

Dr. Philippa, NHS, England

Dr. Declan Phelan, GP, UK

Dr. Erica Gadsby, University of Kent, UK

Mrs. Kathryn Woodrow, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Janet Smith, Retired university of Birmingham (Life Sciences), UK

Dr. Anna Judson, Self Employed, UK



Dr. Joerg Danzer, boden & grundwasser Allg√§u GmbH, Germany

Mr. Ralph Oldershaw, Care worker., United Kingdom

Mr. John Hebden, social care, England

Dr. Sarah McDonald, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

Dr. Naomi Beer, NHS, England

Dr. Dr Will Nutland, The Love Tank CIC, United Kingdom

Dr. Helen Shutte, Medical, Uk

Dr. Will Stevens, University of Oxford, UK

ms, Dawn malyon, nurse, United Kingdom

Mr. John McNally, Retired, United Kingdom

Dr. Wendy Gray, Medical doctor, United Kingdom

Dr. Caroline Dalton, Sheffield Hallam University, U.K.

Mr. Abhishek Sengupta, Graduate student, United States

Mrs. Diane Stout, NHS, Uk

Dr. Badia Ahmed, ST4 Histopathology Doctor, King‚Äôs College Hospital,

United Kingdom

Dr. Carmen Marginean, BHI, UK

Dr. Elizabeth Hubbard, GP, Leeds, United Kingdom

Dr. Jamilla Hussain, Hull York Medical School, Yorkshire

Dr. Mark H Burton, Retired NHS professional and manager, UK

Mr. Ted Baldwin, Labour Party, United Kingdom

Emeritus Professor Len Hall, University of Bristol, UK

Mrs. Barbara Hocking, NHS, United Kingdom

Miss Ria Agarwal, Physician Associate, England

Dr. Laura Elizabeth Clark, Consultant physician with long Covid, UK

Mrs. Judith Kelly, Scientist, United Kingdom

Mr. Andrew Champion, Nurse Practitioner, United Kingdom

Dr. Avril Washington, Consultant Paediatrician, St George's University

Hospitals NHSFT, United Kingdom

Dr. Nathalie MacDermott, King's College London, United Kingdom

Mrs. Natalie Rogers, Long Covid Support, UK

Dr. Anna Porter, NHS doctor, England

Mr. Bernard Kelly, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Fiona Carolyn Mactaggart, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Lothian

Health Board (Retired), United Kingdom

Ms. Anita Hashmi, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Dr. Allan Carrillo-Baltodano, Queen Mary University of London, UK



Dr. Jamie King, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Nicola Heslehurst, Newcastle University, United Kingdom

Dr. Lisa Cutts, Ex pharmacist, England

Ms. Jennifer O'Gorman, Mental Health, United Kingdom

Dr. Jane Flint Bridgewater, Trustee, Mary Stevens Hospice, Stourbridge, UK

Mrs. Nia, Physiotherapist, Wales uk

Dr. Laurie Tully, Working Well, Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS

Foundation Trust, UK

Dr. Asad Khan, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom

Dr. Kelly Fearnley, Foundation Doctor, Bradford Royal Infirmary, UK

Dr. Frances Ward, National Health Service, Uk

Dr. James McKenna, RVL, United Kingdom

Dr. Rae Duncan, NHS Consultant and member of both Long Covid Support

Group and Long Covid Kids support group, England

Mrs. Jackie Fenton-Bradbury, UK citizen, United Kingdom

Dr. Theodoros Vrouchos, Public Health Wales, United Kingdom

Dr. Giles Sanders, Head of Diagnostics, TTP, UK

Professor Mitch Blair, Professor of Paediatrics and Child Public Health, Dept

of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United

Kingdom

Mrs. Jane Robertson, B.Sc. (Hons) Experimental Pathology Glasgow, UK

Dr. Lucy Cheke, University of Cambridge, Uk

MD, PhD, Katrin Rabiei, Gothenburg University, Sweden

Dr. Robert Dickinson, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Rachel Thomson, General Practitioner, UK

Dr. K.N. Hng, Doctors with M.E., UK

Dr. Donna Traves, NHS, Uk

Dr. Anette Freyer, Nottingham University Hospitals, England

Dr. Shaun Peter Qureshi, Palliative Medicine Physician, United Kingdom

Dr. Gerald Barry, University College Dublin, Ireland

Dr. Madhavi Munasinghe, GP, UK

Dr. Ruth Coman, Retired, UnitedKingdom

Dr. Sudeep Chand, Former Global Health Adviser, UK Government, United

Kingdom

Professor Anthony Staines, Dublin City University, Ireland

Miss Catherine Chapman, Long covid - healthcare worker, United Kingdom

Misd, Alexandra Stevens, Public health, United Kingdom



Miss Lucy Woolhouse, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Dr. Simon Child, Personal capacity, United Kingdom

Dr. Bethan Clayton, Royal Preston Hospital, England

Dr. Ashish Bansal, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Craig Richardsob, personal capacity, Uk

Dr. Mike, NHS medical consultant, England

Ms. Johanna McNicholl, De Montfort University, United Kingdom

Ms. Mary Arigho, Socialist Health Association, United Kingdom

Dr. Jessica Briggs, North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust,

United Kingdom

Miss Rebecca Symons, BSc, MSc, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Mr. Dominic Kenyon, Registered nursing associate/apprentice ld nursing

student, United Kingdom

Dr. Stuart Coghill, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Paul Stern, Retired GP, UK

Ms. Amanda Frank, Public Health England, UK

Dr. Duncan Berryman, Queen‚Äôs University Belfast, United Kingdom

Dr. Kumar Saha, Doctor, United Kingdom

Ms. Tracy Meggitt, University of Sheffield, England

Mr. Patrick Matthew Stuart, Optometrist, United Kingdom

Doctor, Ann Marisa Silverman, Retired Consultant Psychiatrist, UK

Dr. Gail Loudon, HCW, United Kingdom

Dr. Hannah Nazri, University of Oxford, UK

Mr. Gah-Kai Leung, Department of Politics & International Studies, University

of Warwick, United Kingdom

Mrs. Caroline Morgan, MLSO, UK

Dr. Gemma Holding, NHS, UK

Mr. David Woods, Clinical Pharmacist, Faculty of Medicine and Health

Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand

Dr. Naomi How, NHS, UK

Mr. Jose Noe Rizo Amezquita, Secretaria de salud, Mexico

Dr. Anthony Bowering, N.H.S., United Kingdom

Mrs. Mary Ion, NHS, UK

Prof. Sigrid Neuhauser, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology

Dr. Bogdana Huma, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands

Master, Yamili Espejo Iriarte, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico

Dr. Thomas Smith, The University of Cambridge, UK- University Hospital



trust, England

Dr. Danny Thomas, GP, Devon, UK

Ms. Viv Pribram, NHS, United Kingdom

Mrs. Susie Wolstenholme, HCPC, UK

Dr. Peter Smith, Retired Consultant Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, United

Kingdom

Mrs. Beata Gould, HCSW, Uk

Dr. Arthur Dyer, Oxford University l, United Kingdom

Mrs. Victoria Beale, University of York, United Kingdom

Mrs. Anka Pilkington, Optometrist, UK

Dr. Geoffrey Levine, Medical Practitioner, United Kingdom

Dr. Karen Schucan Bird, UCL, UK

Patient Safety and Experience Manager, Ed Poole, ENCCG, United Kingdom

Professor Carol Rivas, University College London, United Kingdom

Professor of nanotoxicology, Andrew Nelson, University of Leeds, UK

Ms. Amy Walker, Bradford District Care Trust (Nurse), United Kingdom

Dr. Andrew J Winnard, Space Medicine Systematic Review Methods, UK

Mrs. Viv Cleary, Public Health, United Kingdom

Dr. Sharon Brayley, Gp, United Kingdom

Saashi Bedford, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr. Rui Santos, NHS, UK

Dr. Toby Fagan, NHS, UK

Mr. Paul Clayton, BPS, United Kingdom

Dr. Annegret Pelchen-Matthews, University College, London, United

Kingdom

Dr. Dr Alvin Chan, GP, United Kingdom

Dr. Erik Cox, Inclusive Designs Ltd, United Kingdom

Dr. Kirby James, Independent Consultant, UK

Dr. Tom Pike, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

Dr. Mark Walton, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. James Hillier, Bristol Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom

Mr. Andrew Perks, Health and social care off icer, UK

Dr. Lucas Tselepis, NHS, UK

Ms. Kim Sanders-Fisher, Former Medical profesional, UK

Dr. Gabriela Jiga-Boy, School of Psychology, Swansea University, UK

Dr. Joe Cuthbert, Hull York Medical School & Hull University Teaching

Hospitals Trust, United Kingdom



Visiting Professor Dr Stephen Quarrie, Newcastle University Business School,

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

Dr. Sarah Williams, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Anthea Lehmann, Royal college of physicians, United Kingdom

Dr. Linn Jarte, NHS, Wales, UK

Professor Derek Cook, St George's University of London, United Kingdom

Dr. Wilkinson, Biotechnology, UK

Dr. Geoffrey Schrecker, FRCGP, United Kingdom

Mrs. Carol Freeman, NHS Research, UK

Mr. Frederik Quetscher, Technische Universit√§t Darmstadt, Germany

Dr. Nicholas Hopkinson, Imperial College London, UK

Mr. Mark Wallace, Retired Nurse, United Kingdom

Mr. Javed, University of York, United Kingdom

Dr. Michael Farrall, Retired Consultant Community Paediatrician, United

Kingdom

Dr. Christof Gallagher, GP, UK

Mr. Stuart Sutherland, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Rune Linding, Humboldt-Universit√§t zu Berlin, Germany

Dr. John Gibson, Intensive Care Doctor, Norfolk, UK

Dr. Ibtihal Elshikh, Child Psychiatrist- NHS, United Kingdom

Doctor, Roy Seaman, Private, United Kingdom

Dr. Johnson, General Practitioner, UK

Dr. Josef Boehle, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Dr. Dermot Fitzsimons, Speech and Language Therapist, Glasgow, Scotland

Ms. Margaret Gear, Yasp, U.K.

Ms. Kirsty Macaulay, Nurse, United Kingdom

Mrs. elaine duncan, PhD Candidate, United Kingdom

Dr. Paula Bradley, NHS, England

Dr. Natalie Gibson, MRCGP, UK

Dr. Marisol Smith, , UK

Mr. Howard Walker, Economist, signing in personal capacity, United

Kingdom

Dr. Sarah Cowley, GP, UK

Mr. Oliver Allenby-Smith, Doctor, United Kingdom

Ms. Hilda Palmer, Greater Manchester Hazards Centre and Hazards

Campaign, United Kingdom

Dr. Wolfgang Wester, Bangor University, UK



Dr. Sharon Hamilton, GP, Scotland

Prof. Dr. Robin Ketteler, University College London, United Kingdom

Professor Stuart Milligan, King's college London, United Kingdom

Dr. Angela Kehagia, University College London Hospital, UK

Professor Jennifer Bizley, University College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Anna Krzywoszynska, University of Sheffield, UK

Professor Jayant S Vaidya, University College London, United Kingdon

Ms. Layla Lavallee, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Dr. Ali Abbas, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Dr. Alison Rodgers, A concerned former medical researcher and current

teacher, United Kingdom

Dr. Francesca Cavallaro, University College London, UK

Dr. Matt Butler, FreshAirNHS and Cambridge University Hospitals, United

Kingdom

Dr. David Hughes, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom

LCSW, April Dawn Harter, Narcissism Recovery Center, LLC., USA

Dr. Jade Khalife, Lund University, Sweden

Dr. Amanda McNaughton, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust,

United Kingdom

Dr. Andrew Hellewell, , United Kingdom

Dr. Yusof Rahman, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Australia

Mr. David Steadson, Epidemiologist, VanaTech Behavioural Science, Sweden

Dr. Jennifer Haworth, University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Dr. Donald Macphail, GP rtd, UK

Dr. Sajid Alam, NHS, UK

Dr. Benjamin Phillips, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

Mrs. Rachel Clark, Staff Nurse in NHS hospital, United Kingdom

Dr. Ping Chen, Anaesthetic consultant, UK

Dr. Justine Firnhaber-Baker, University of St Andrews, Scotland

MissJessica Littlefair, Psychological Well-being Practitioner, England

Dr. Sandi Dheensa, University of Bristol, UK

MissBe-Nazir Bari, Chartered society of Physiotherapists, United Kingdom

Mr. Richard Buckwell, Nottingham and Notts Keep Our NHS Public, uk

Mr. Geoffrey Woodruff, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK

Mr. Robert Collins, Community Health Care Assistant, Cornwall Partnership

NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Ms. Valerie Demouy, Lecturer in French, United Kingdom



Dr. Jiri Sikac, PrimeVigilance, Czechia

MissFrancesca Sarah Lennon, Nurse at First Option Healthcare, United

Kingdom

Ms. Jessica McClure, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Dr. Rob Thomas, Senior Lecturer, Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Dr. Zuzana Sikacova, Pfizer, Czech Republic

Dr. Lee Benson, NHS Doctor, United Kingdom

Ms. Karen Reismann, RMN, Greater Manchester, UK

MissBrenda Eadie, Charge Nurse, United Kingdom

Ms. Melanie Gale, RGN, United Kingdom

Dr. Harry Mcnaughton, UHDB NHS Trust, United Kingdom

MrsAly Kimber-Herridge, Registered Midwife, United Kingdom

Reader in transport and health modelling, Dr James Woodcock, University of

Cambridge, UK

Mrs. Hannah Doit, University of Nottingham, UK (PhD student), United

Kingdom

Dr. Niamh Mcguire, , Uk

none, Yvonne Endter, medical doctor, Germany

Mrs. Yvonne Mackenzie, Speech & Language Therapist, Scotland

Dr (Medical), Gordon McGlasham, Retired General Practitioner, Uk

Mrs. Elizabeth James, Parent & Registered Occupational Therapist, United

Kingdom

Dr. Maximiliane Verferden, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child

Health, United Kingdom

Dr. Emily Arden-Close, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom - England

MissNoelle Greenfield, Speech & Language Therapist, England

Dr. Gemma Kirby, UKAEA, United Kingdon

Dr. med., Wolfgang Hagen, Klinik Hietzing, Austria

Mrs. Vanessa, Nurse, England

Professor-Dean, Fausto J Pinto, Lisbon School of Medicine-University of

Lisbon, Portugal

Ms. Nina Barbosa, NHS, United Kingdom

Prof. David M Wilkinson, University of Lincoln, UK., UK

Dr. Gerard Reissmann, GP, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Ms. Aisha Bari, Scientist, United Kingdom

Dr. Greig Lennon, St Jude Children‚Äôs Research Hospital, USA

Dr. Stella McGarry, GP3, United Kingdom



Ms. Anne Gill, Retired Nurse and Teacher., United Kingdom

Dr. Sarah Clayton, Veterinary Surgeon, UK

Dr. Neil J. Gostling, Lecturer in Evolution and Palaeobiology University of

Southampton, United Kingdom

Professor Matthew Cobb, School of Biological Sciences, University of

Manchester, UK

Prof. Martin Milton, Regents University London, UK

MRes, Giuseppe Ciccone, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

MissAlison Taylor, University of Brighton, United Kingdom

Mr. Simon Neal, Consultant Clinical Psychologist NHS, UK

Mrs. Rachael Read, Nurse, United Kingdom

Professor Ann Blandford, UCL, UK

Dr. Rob Dalziel, Research Officer Healthwatch, UK

Dr. Peter Van der Graaf, Teesside University, United Kingdom

Mrs. G Young, counsellor, Uk

Doctor, Paul Temblett, Consultant in Intensive Care, Swansea Bay University

Health Board, UK

MissSharon Phillipson, Registered Nurse, United Kingdom

Dr. Dirk Mueller, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United

Kingdom

Mrs. Clare Bartlett, Registered Nursing Associate (NHS), England

Dr. Samit Chakrabarty, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Doctor, Amanda Gregory ., MB, BCH, BAHons, DRCOG, MRGCP (Retired),

United Kingdom

Dr. Heather Kazara, Former DPhil student at Zoology Department, University

of Oxford, UK

Doctor, Mark Hillen, ELZA Institute, Switzerland

Professor Huw Davies, University of St Andrews, UK

Professor Roberto Rossi, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Emeritus Professor Margaret F Bassendine, Newcastle University, United

Kingdom

Dr. Phil Wheeler, NHS GP, United Kingdom

Dr. Katherine Twomey, University of Manchester, UK

MissRebecca Fearnley, Ambulance Service, United Kingdom

Dr. Gillian Fludger, GP, UK

Mr. Andy Low, Pharmacist, UK

Mrs. Sheila Rockey, Health care support worker, Uk



Mr. Graeme Jones, Retired NHS Senior Health Promotion Officer, England

Dr. Michael Kay, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Dr. Emily Stevenson, Consultant in Public Health Medicine, Tayside, Scotland

Dr. Carolyn Johnstone, Retired doctor, Uk

Professor Laura DeMarco, Harvard University, United Kingdom

Dr. Nicola Fletcher, University College Dublin, Ireland

Dr. Sue Edgley, Retired Psychiatrist, UK

Dr. S Moolla, Consultant, UK

Dr. Alan Woodall, Powys Teaching Health Board, Wales

Mt, Jeremy N Leslie-Spinks, University of Oxforf, UK

Dr. Jo-anne Veltman, NHS, UK

Professor of Applied Cancer Research, Nora Pashayan, UCL, United Kingdom

Ms. Vivienne Seymour Clark, Psychotherapist (retired), United Kingdom

Mr. Chris Rowan, Healthcare worker, United Kingdom

Dr. Mira Kharbanda, NHS, United Kingdom

Ms. Annayah M.B. Prosser, University of Bath, UK

Mr. Mike Adams, HCPC, Scotland

Dr. Sambhavi Sheedy, GP, England

Dr. Dan Donnelly, Senior Lecturer, University of Leeds, Uk

Dr. Mark Willcox, GP, UK

Dr. Shokufeh Tavassoli, Bristol, United Kingdom

Mrs. Helen Townsend, CRPS talk and support UK, Scotland, UK

Ms. Cheryl Paterson, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Dr. Katherine Coyne, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. JOANNA Grice, NHS GP, United Kingdom

Dr. Lorna Kviat, Oncology registrar, UK

Dr. Vivienne Madden, Doctor, United Kingdom

Dr. Vicky Marchant, GP, United Kingdom

Mrs. Mrs LESLEY Powell, Local Authority, United Kingdom

Ms. Karen Adler, University of Leicester, United Kingdom

Mrs. Linda Walker, RGN ODP university of Sheffield, UK

Mrs. Sandra E Graham, Registered Nurse, Canada

Dr. Rebecca Sullivan, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Ramyya Sivanathan, GP, UK

MissAdrienne Adele Cox, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

Mr. Ant Babajee, PgDip Public Health graduand and Anti-Racism Network

steering group member at Middlesex University, United Kingdom



Mr. Oliver Ding, Nurse, Deutschland

Mr. Cameron Green, Data Science Intl, Switzerland

Mr. Christopher S Anton, Sandwell & West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust,

United Kingdom

Professor Debora Price, University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Dr. Lisa Bose, GP, UK

Dr. Petra Walter, Freelancer, Deutschland

Dr. Tanvi Rai, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Mr. Lee Miller, NHS, UK

Dr. Josh Chai, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Dr. Luigi Aloia, UCL, United Kingdom

Ms. Sarah Rimmer, Speech Therapist, Whittington Health NHS, United

Kingdom

Dr. Mike Carter, Rdr in Virology Univ of Surrey (retired), United Kingdom

MissCarissa Wong, University of Bristol, Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Dr. Sophie Cooke, University of Birmingham, UK

Dr. Alison Gill, Nottingham University Hospitals, United Kingdom

Dr. Angela Bentley, NHS, Scotland

Dr. Megan Robertson, Norwich Medical School, England

Dr. Mark A Phillips, FIChemE FRSA, United Kingdom

Dr. Ophelia Entsir Dadzie, NHS, United Kingdom

Professor Bernie Carter, Edge Hill University & Alder Hey Children‚Äôs

Hospital, United Kingdom

Dr. Jenny Porter, St James‚Äôs Hospital / Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Dr. Kat Alcock, University College London, England

Dr. Helen Zealley, Retired Director of Public Health, United Kingdom

Dr. Julian Ting, Consultant Respiratory Physician, United Kingdom

MissAndrea English, Advanced nurse practitioner, Uk

Dr. Katja Doerholt, Paediatrician, infectious diseases, St. George‚Äùs

University Hospital, Uk

Dr. Al Dorman, NHS, United Kingdom

M/s, Sue McBean, Royal College of Nursing, Northern Ireland

Dr. Zoya Georgieva, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr. Daniel Chapman, University of Stirling, UK

Dr. Zera Brittenden, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London,

England

Dr. Elizabeth Calton, Paediatric Registrar, United Kingdom



Dr. Kate Horsley, GMC, Great Britain

Dr. Andy Tate, GP London, United Kingdom

Dr. Rob Hallifax, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Dr. Katherine Cushing, Newcastle, UnitedKingdom

Ms. Karen Burrows, Occupational Therapist, Uk

Dr. Adam Squires, University of Bath, United Kingdom

Dr. Deborah Caswell, Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom

Dr. Howard Smedley, NHS ( rtd), UK

Mrs. Jessica Fisher, HCPC, UK

Dr. Jo√£o Martins, GP Trainee, UK

Ms. Judith Parsons, King‚Äôs College London, UK

Mr. Jake Knight, Nottingham uni, United Kingdom

Dr. Gita Ramdharry, UCL, United Kingdom

MissDrinalda Cela, Biologist, UK

Dr. rebecca lee, University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Dr. Richard Ramyar, Doctors with M E., United Kingdom

Dr. Katherine Fowler, Research Scientist and Parent, United Kingdom

Miss Kate Barton, NHS, Wales

Miss Lucy Garrard, NHS Staff, UK

Dr. Urwah Abdul Rahman, RCGP member, United Kingdom

Certif ied Physician Assistant and Medical Technologist, PA-C, M.T. Mrs.

Michelle O. Martin, Bates, Miller and Sims Rural Healthcare Practice, USA

Dr. Qainaat Husnoo, Nhs, United Kingdom

Dr. E-J Smith, University College London Hospitals, UK

Mrs. Helen Watson, Radiographer, United Kingdom

Dr. Paul Richardson, Retired, United Kingdom

Professor Paul Clarke, Consultant Neonatologist, Norwich Medical School,

University of East Anglia, UK

Doctor, Loreto DRAKE, Gp, Uk

Dr. Ruth Smith, Science Teacher, United Kingdom

Mr. Marcel Lovera-Davis, Ex Nurse, United Kingdom

Mr. john moore, Physiotherapist, United Kingdom

Marion Rusling, General practice, United Kingdom

Ms. Alice Guilbert, Occupational therapist, United Kingdom

Dr. Claire Harrow, NHSGGC, Scotland

Doctor, Mark Thomas Heafield, RCP/ABN, UK

MissClaire Reeves, NHS vaccinator and biology MSc grad, United Kingdom



Dr. Annette Abbott, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Nicholas Holmes, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

Dr. Jenny Bird, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, United

Kingdom

Dr. Alan McNicol, Ealanach Ltd, United Kingdom

Dr. Juliette Brown, Consultant Psychiatrist, UK

Ms. Susan McKeown-Wade, Clinical Nurse Specialist, UK

Mr. David ULLATHORNE, Physicist, UK

Mrs. Linda Berry, University of Manchester (retired), United Kingdom

Mrs. Lesley Conran, Family Support Manager (Retired) and Grandmother,

Wales

Ms. Stephanie Clarke, Social worker local authority, England

Dr. Andy Stillman, Rtd, United Kingdom

Dr. Bernard Betts, University of York retired, United Kingdom

Mr. Vikesh Shah, Moorfields Eye Hospital, United Kingdom

Prof. Ruth Luthi-Carter, University of Leicester, United Kingdom

Mrs. Catriona Brodie, Primary Care Clinical Pharmacist, NHS Highland,

Scotland

Ms. Jo Hayden, Registered Nurse, UK

MissElizabeth White, Healthcare worker and transplant recipient, England

Dr. Joanne Jones, Cambridge University, UK

Mrs. Jenny Walker, public health manager, Uk

Dipl.-Psych., Meike Thomassen, Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, Germany

Dr. Caroline Oliver, North Bristol NHS Trust, UK

Professor Rosaleen McCarthy, University of Southampton, UK

Dr. Sadia Hoque, General practitioner, United Kingdom

Dr. Annabelle Baughan, Retired consultant haematologist, Medical Director

& Postgraduate Dean, UK

Dr. Ken Burchett, , UK

Ms. Marian Greaves, Registered nurse, UK

MissCharlene Law, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Tharin Blumenschein, University of East Anglia, UK

Dr. Tammy Davidson Thompson, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom

Dr. Lindsay Fraser-Moodie, Fresh Air NHS / GP Registrar, United Kingdom

Ms. Shanu Sadhwani, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, UK

Dr. George Madden, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS

Trust, UK



Dr. Simon Cornell, NHS, UK

Professor Jacinta O'Shea, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Mrs. Kelly Tweedie, NHS, England

Mrs. Anna Yalci, Healthcare worker, United Kingdom

Dr. Ruth Speare, Public health, United Kingdom

Mrs. Fiona Lamb, NHS nurse, UK

Dr. Lara Roberts, King‚Äôs College Hospital, England

Dr. Jennifer Smith-Wymant, Research & Engagement Officer for a national

charity, United Kingdom

Dr. Iain MacArthur, Northumbria University, United Kingdom

Dr. Lauren Kelly, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom

Dr. Clare Jeffries, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Simone Schnall, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mr. Jamie Dunning, Department of life sciences, imperial college London, Uk

Dr. Mark Harper, Chair, Cambridge ME Support Group, United Kingdom

Dr. Jan Lindfeldt MD PhD DPMSA, Independent Pharmaceutical

Professional, United Kingdom

Dr. Margaret Glogowska, Senior Researcher, University of Oxford, UK

Professor Mark Wainwright, Liverpool John Moores University, UK

Dr. William Michael Brown, University of Bedfordshire, UK

Professor Declan Devane, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland

Mrs. Susan Armstrong Robinson, Retired Senior Nurse/Specialist Health

Visitor, United Kingdom

Dr. Gwyndaf Roberts, Bangor University, United Kingdom

Dr. Stephen Clarke, General Practitioner, United Kingdom

Dr. Rebecca Newby, NHS GP, UK

Dr. Dina Kronhaus, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Dr. Robaire Beckwith, Scientist/Medically trained, United Kingdom

Dr. Dan Henderson, GP Partner and PCN Clinical Director, England

Dr. David Briggs, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom

Dr. Rachel Bevins, University of Worcester, United Kingdom

Dr. Megan Wallace, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Dr. Jody Winter, Principal Lecturer in Microbiology, Nottingham Trent

University, UK

Mrs. Valerie May Duskin, Social Care, United Kingdom

Mr. Peter Davis, BDS, United Kingdom

Ms. Miriam Kennet, The Green Economics Institute, United Kingdom



Dr. Stefano Kaburu, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom

Dr. Leon Rozewicz, Medical Director Priory North London Hospital, United

Kingdom

Dr. Adam Jacobs, Director, Biostatistics, Premier Research, United Kingdom

Mrs. Catherine Wightwick, University of Cambridge (science degree), United

Kingdom

Mrs. Maggie Wallace, Retired Medical Laboratory Technician, United

Kingdom

Professor Karla Miller, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Professor Russell G Egdell, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University of

Oxford, UK

Mr. Thomas Craig, NHS, United Kingdom

Professor Elspeth Webb, Retired Professor of Paediatrics & Child Health,

Cardiff University, Wales

Mr. Ben Pollinger, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Helen Rea, Healthcare Worker, United Kingdom

Dr. Kevin Skinley, University of Liverpool, England

Global Health Epidemiologist, Dr. Cristina A. Fernandez, Harvard T.H. Chan

School of Public Health, United States

Mr. John DYER, Formerly CTO TERENA & post-graduate researcher Dept of

Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK

Professor Robert Walsh, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom

Mrs. Lesley Fletcher, Nurse, United Kingdom

Professor Joanne Greenhalgh, Professor of Applied Social Research

Methodology, University of Leeds, UK

Dr. Buckton, M.Inst.P, England

Dr. Chris H. Hill, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr. David Nicholl, Clinical Lead for Neurology, City Hospital, Birmingham, U.K.

Doctor, Nadine Seward, King's College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Deborah Peter, GP, United Kingdom

Dr. Michael McEvoy, Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia,

NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Andrew Broadbent, CES Ltd Economic & Social Research, London, UK

Dr. Andrzej Harris, St Catharine's College, University of Cambridge, United

Kingdom

Dr. Paul O‚ÄôBrien, NHS, UK

Dr. Jonathan Moore, Unaffiliated, UK



Mrs. Brooke Bianco, RN, United Kingdom

MissOlivia Hoare, NHS, United Kingdom

Mrs. Nadira Petterson, NHS, UK, United Kingdom

Ms. Jane Lewis, Reg nurse (vaccinator), UK

Dr. Miriam Silver, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, United Kingdom

Dr. Dimitra Blana, Lecturer in Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen,

United Kingdom

Dr. Jonathan Smith, Hospital Consultant, United Kingdom

Dr. FILIPPO SANFILIPPO, Policlinico Hospital, Catania, Italia

Dr. James Apperly, UCL (alum), UK

Dr. Cath Livingstone, NHS, United Kingdom

Professor Patrick Eyers, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

Dr. Karen Ward, Manchester University Foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Mrs. Barbara Potter, Open University, United Kingdom

Dr. Theresa Howe, Consultant Clinical Oncologist VUNHST, Wales

Dr. Alison Hughes, GP, United Kingdom

Doctor, Dr Peter N Taysum, Associate Specialist, Emergency Department,

CDD(NHS)FT, England

Ms. Dinah Middleton, Retired RGN, England

Dr. John Edwards, Wolstanton Medical Centre, United Kingdom

Miss Gwenno Thomas, NHS Physiotherapist, Wales

Dr. Martin Smith, Vaccine Manufacturing & Innovation Centre, UK

Dr. Stuart Gillespie, Senior Fellow, IFPRI, United Kingdom

Prof. Charlotte Bolton, University of Nottingham, UK

Dr. Nigel Goddard, University of Edinburgh, Scotland

MissMary Jane Macmillan, NHS, Scotland

Dr. Clare Rayner, Retired, U.K.

Mrs. Diana Mair, NHS, England

Dr. Tina Leonard, Retired Cochrane Collaboration Managing Editor, United

Kingdom

Prof. Dr. Michael Wagner, University of Vienna, Austria

Dr. Laura peacock, NHS dentist, United Kingdom

Dr. Mohammad Hussain, NHS, United Kingdom

Mrs. Yvette wilson, Allied health professional, England

Dr. Agnes Ayton, Oxford Health Nhs foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Professor Maria Chironna, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bari, Italy

Professor Helen Ward, Imperial College London, UK



Professor barbara jennings, Norwich Medical School, United Kingdom

Dr. James French, RCOA, UK

Dr. Jyrki Loima, University of Eastern Finland, Finland

Professor David Collier, Industry, United Kingdom

Dr. Jill A. Padawer, PhD, Former Faculty, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical

School, USA

Ms. Maria Higgins, NHS Scotland, Scotland

Dr. Alison M Dunning, University of Cambridge, Uk

Ms. Veena Ugargol, NHS, U.K.

Dr. Yasmeen Hayat, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Ben Greenhalgh, Psychiatry ST5, Gateshead, United Kingdom

Mrs. Carol Erden, NHS, Scotland

Ms. Sue Dean RN, RCN SAM, UK

Ms. Lisa McJury, NMC, United Kingdom

MissRachel Ranson, NHS Worker, United Kingdom

Dr. Joanne Flanagan, UK Atomic Energy Authority, United Kingdom

Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, James Neilson, University of

Liverpool, UK

MissVinesha Pillai, Medical Student, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

Dr. Christina Maslen, Health Evidence Matters Ltd, United Kingdom

Dr. Iain Gow, Retired Reader in Physiology and Pharmacology, United

Kingdom

Professor David MarksUHBW, UHBW, United Kingdom

Ms. Sally Fereday, Fellow of the Institute of Risk Management, United

Kingdom

Dr. Alison Murray, Retired, United Kingdom

Dr. Cynthia Pinto, Brutish Psychological Society, Uk

MissBeth Hunt, NHS Manager, United Kingdom

MissCaitlin Pentland, Clinical Research, United Kingdom

Dr. Neil Chadborn, University of Nottingham, Uk

Ms. Bonnie Grotjahn, Psychotherapist, UK

Mrs. Clare Henderson, HCW, United Kingdom

Professor Nigel Goldenfeld, Institute for Genomic Biology and Dept. Of

Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Member US National

Academy of Sciences., United States

Dr. Maria Markides, GP in NHS, England

Dr. Laura Ferguson, University of Southern California, USA



Dr. Anja Heilmann, University College London, United Kingdom

Prof. Caroline Fitzpatrick, UCL, UK

Ms. Sue Carney, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom

Professor Katrina Wyatt, University of Exeter, UK

Dr. Amanda Woods, Independent Consultant Dermatologist, UK

Dr. Zo√´ Waller, Associate Professor, UCL School of Pharmacy, UK

Dr. Michael Poon, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Dr. Siobhan Crabb, Chartered College of Teachers, United Kingdom

Dr. Dr. University Hospital Southampton, United Kingdom

Professor Neil Fairweather, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

Dr. Martin Stocks, Independent biomedical scientist, UK

Doctor, John Goodenough, , United Kingdom

Professor Martin Newby, Emeritus, City University of London, United

Kingdom

Mr. John S Bridle, Fellow of the Institute of Acoustics, Member IEEE, UK

Professor Jan Nagler, Centre for Human and Machine Intelligence, Frankfurt,

Germany

Dr. Andrew Wang, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,

USA

Associate Professor Quantitative Criminology, Jose Pina-Sanchez, University

of Leeds, United Kingdom

MissGenevieve Glover, NMC, UK

Ms. Lisa Robinson, Registered Nurse, Canada

Dr. Priya Goswami, GP, England

Dr. Divya Srivastava, Self-employed, United Kingdom

Dr. Emma Turtle, NHS Fife, Scotland

Professor John Papaloizou, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Dr. Jo Stanley, Lucy Cavendish College Cambridge, UK

Mrs. Art, Healthcare, England

Professor of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Colin D Bingle, The

University of Sheffield, United Kingdom

Mr. Paul Welch, NHS nurse, UK

Dr. Susan Hooper, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. S Pumpluen, University of Nottingham, UK

Dr. Mark Oliver, Retired NHS GP, England

Professor Thomas Sotiriou, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

Dr. Roland Schaette, UCL, UK



Ms. Debra Westlake, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom

Professor Denise Sheer, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry,

United Kingdom

Mr. Alun Beard, University Hospitals Sussex, Society and College of

Radiographers, United Kingdom

Dr. Anthony Kerry, Royal College of Physicians and NHS, England UK

Mr. John Rogers, Retired R&D Chemist., Spain

Ms. Janet Newsham, Hazards campaign, United Kingdom

MissReema Quadros, Dental off icer, England

Dr. Ulrich Schwarz-Linek, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom

Dr. Helen Price, Keele University, United Kingdom

Mr. Oliver manners, PhD Candidate in Chemistry, University of Manchester,

United Kingdom

Dr. Brid Hughes, Anaesthetist, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, UK

Dr. Lauren Bailey, Oxford, United Kingdom

Professor Stephen Mobbs, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, UK

Dr. ACHYUT GULERI, NHS employee, U.K.

Mrs. Desaline Simon, Medic, United Kingdom

Dr. Mary Kline Barnes, Pediatrician, United States

Dr. James Bowen, Open University, UK

Dr. Catherine Franconi, Neurologist Perth, Australia

Dr. Parsley powersmith, BMA, England

Mr. David Coulson, Bath Spa University, United Kingdom

Dr. Adrian McElholm, Consultant Gastroenterologist and Internal Medicine

Physician, Uk

Dr. Jay Mueller, Emergency Medicine Consultant, Australia

Dr. Jonathan Derek Fluxman, GP (retired), United Kingdom

Dr. Anna Hallett, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists,

Australia

Dr. Tony Winston, Consultant Psychiatrist, Warwick, UK

Mrs. Deborah Hoyle, Nurse, RCN, England

Dr. Carol Tang, General Practitioner/Breast Cancer Physician, Wales

Dr. Anna Walisiewicz, Mount Street Dental, United Kingdom

Ms. Pamela MacKay, Registered Nurse, Massachusetts, United States

Dr. Kamal Patel, Consultant Paediatrician Paediatric Emergency & Critical

Care, United Kingdom

Professor Somnath Mukhopadhyay, Brighton and Sussex Medical School,



United Kingdom

Dr. Melissa Sargaison, South Central Ambulance Service CCAS, Uk

Dr. Stephen Wilkinson, University of Buckingham, United Kingdom

Ms. Margaret McFadden, Senior Clinical Research Nurse, NHS, Scotland

Dr. Gail Corbett, GP retired, Scotland

Dr. Jarrad Hall, University of Western Australia, Australia

Dr. Jane Speake, Retired, United Kingdom

Professor Harry P. De Koning, Institute of Infection, Immunity and

Inflammation, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

Dr. Heather Semper, Sheffield hallam university, United Kingdom

Dr. Julian Lob-Levyt, Public Health, UK

Dr. Gabriella Conti, UCL, United Kingdom

Mrs. Anne Walker, Neonatal nurse, England

Doctor, Keren Shaw, Retired GP and Ethicist, United Kingdom

Dr. Lise Hertel, Doctor in NHS, Scotland

Ms. Penny Hurt, None, United Kingdom

Professor Ian Clark, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom

Mrs. Teresa Dundovic, IndieSAGE, England

Mrs. Nicola Holt, Nurse, UK

Dr. Rachel Starer, NHS, England

Mr. Robert Wheatley, Retired Consultant Paediatrician, United Kingdom

Professor Kenneth Long, Imperial College London, UK

Dr. Mary Stuart, Personal, Uk

Ms. Marcia Breen, Registered Nurse, Australia

Dr. Keith Baverstock, University of Eastern Finland, Finland

Mrs. Janine Cumberbatch, Critical Care Nursing Sister in NHS, England

Mrs. Nina Leonard, Reg MBACP (Accred), United Kingdom

Dr. Peter Hutchison, , Scotland

Dr. Susanne Griff in, Retired doctor, UK

Dr. James Pimm, NHS GP, England

Mrs. Catherine Boyd, NHS, United Kingdom

Ms. Sara Gibbs, Fellow Faculty Public Health, UK

Dr. Peter Knipe, Queens University Belfast, UK

Dr. Anna Taylor, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Dr. Lauren Barklie, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Styliani Gkika, NHS, United Kingdom

Mrs. Sheila Downes, Retired physiotherapist, United Kingdom



Mr. Tom Parke, Berry Consultants, UK

Dr. Maria, University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom

Dr. Adrian S Sztucki, NHS, United Kingdom

Dr. Helena Yeoh, UCL, UK

Dr. Karen Job, Consultant Paediatrician, London, United Kingdom

Dr. Natalie Hallam, GP, United Kingdom

Dr. Samuel Gardiner, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust,

United Kingdom

Mr. Robin Payne, NHS, United Kingdom

Mrs. Vicki Burrell, Edinburgh university, Uk

Dr. Rhea Arini, University of Oxford, UK

MissClara Chong, Southampton general hospital, Uk

Mrs. Sally Dillon RGN dipDN, Nurse, England

Dr. Louise Hyde, Doctors‚Äô Association UK, Wales

Dr. Ver√≥nica Athi√©-Morales, Independent science educator. Previously at

ICRF(Francis Crick Institute)/UCL, Mexico/U.K.

Dr. Lisa O Connor, Trinity, Ireland

Ms. Sally Anne, Registered Nurse, United Kingdom

Dr. Tracy Epton, University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Professor Nicola Ragge, Oxford Brookes University, UK

Dr. Sandro Mattarei, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom

Ms. Karen Youens, Nhs, United Kingdom

Dr. SAM DAVIS, Leeds Beckett, United Kingdom

Dr. Robert McIntyre, NHS, Scotland

Dr. Vivek Kalra, Consultant Paediatrician, NNUH., UK

Mr. Ryan, Navigo healthcare, United Kingdom

Dr. Dylan Kneale, UCL Social Research Institute, UK

Dr. Nicola Mc Farlane, Paediatric junior doctor, United Kingdom

Dr. Kathryn Remington, Pain relief practitioner, UK

Dr. Polly Holme, , United Kingdom

Dr. Tavitian-Exley, Imperial College London; Health Promotion Board

Singapore, United Kingdom

Professor of Toxicology, retired, Francesco De Matteis, University of Turin,

Italy and MRC toxicology Unit, UK, Italy and UK

Professor Peter Juni, University of Toronto, Canada

Mr. Phil Harrison, NHS, UK

Dr. Jitka MacAdam, Cranfield University, United Kingdom



Dr. Peter Drobac, University of Oxford, UK

Dr. William Waites, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United

Kingdom

Professor Anna Stiles Hanlon, Orange Coast College, Costa Mesa, CA, USA

Dr. Lee Ian Garner, University of Oxford, United Kingdom

MissYosel Mouzo, Psychotherapist, England

Lecturer in Epidemiology, Dr Anne Wilson, Liverpool School of Tropical

Medicine, UK

Ms. Morag Forbes, Midwife and Student School Nurse (SCPHN), England

Dr. Adam Bryson OBE, Public Health Physician retired, UK

Mrs. Tracy Howard, Environmental Health Professional, U.K.

Ms. Irene McKee, NHS, United Kingdom

Miss Jenny gough, Royal cornwall, Uk

Dr. Vincent O'Brien, Self-employed Scientist and Parent, Scotland, UK

Dr. Robin Howard, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and

Guy's and St. Thomas' Trust, United Kingdom

Ms. Rupali Vaidya, Midwife, Kent, United Kingdom

Dr. Julie Cave, Independent Research Scientist, Complementary Health

Therapist, and person with ME/CFS, United Kingdom

Dr. Matthew Lloyd, University of Bath, United Kingdom

Dr. Michelle Harvie, University Manchester, UK

Dr. Shahpur Patell, Retired, United Kingdom

APPENDIX TO THE DECLARATION

The government policy will lead to mass

infection when many remain unprotected

The dangers of pursuing population immunity through mass infection with

SARS-CoV-2 were outlined by a group of scientists in the John Snow

Memorandum in October 2020.1 The Memorandum outlined the many

scientif ic and ethical reasons why such a strategy was deeply flawed.1 What

we have learned since has vindicated this stance. We have since witnessed

extensive virus evolution giving rise to multiple variants which are more

transmissible, more severe and capable of partially evading immunity



conferred by vaccines or previous infection.2 Infection-acquired immunity

from COVID-19 provides inferior protection compared with vaccination while

re-infections appear more common than previously thought.3 Persistent and

sometimes debilitating illness have been found in 10-30% of those infected,

including among the young.4-5 It is clear that COVID-19 is far more than a

respiratory disease; it affects many body systems6-8, including the brain, even

in people who initially experienced only mild disease.9 Now that safe and

highly effective vaccines are available, that protect people against severe

disease and reduce transmission, it is unethical to expose people

deliberately to risk of infection.

Unfortunately, England’s infection-acquired population immunity strategy

has re-emerged. Thus far, the government’s policy of acting only when

healthcare services are at breaking point has contributed to over 150,000

deaths,10 up to 2 million people with Long COVID,11 and the emergence and

spread of the highly transmissible Alpha variant that caused a devastating

2nd wave in the UK before spreading across Europe and beyond. The

government’s refusal to adopt adequate mitigations in schools at a time of

high levels of community infections12-13 has contributed to mass infections of

children and onward transmission to family members. Children have

suffered signif icant educational disruption, missed key developmental

milestones, and too many have lost parents or grandparents as a result.

The government removed the mandate for masks in English secondary

schools on 17th May 2021, despite the emerging dominance of the even more

transmissible Delta variant.14 Now, when infection rates in children and

young adults are high and rising rapidly,15-16 ministers have announced plans

to abandon isolation of contacts of schoolchildren (replacing this with

suboptimal daily rapid tests),17 and to abandon bubbles in schools after the

summer.18 This will leave children, who have been woefully unprotected in

schools throughout the pandemic, exposed to a signif icantly increased risk

of infection. While the Pfizer vaccine has been shown to be safe in children

over 12 and is being administered in many countries,19 some government

advisors, albeit speaking personally,20 have advocated allowing children to be

infected, arguing that the benefit-harm balance may be better than

vaccination. So far, despite MHRA approval, the Joint Committee on



Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) has not supported vaccination of

adolescents, a policy out of step with much of Europe, North America, and

South East Asia, where millions of under 18s have been vaccinated.21 The

inevitable consequence of these policies has been, and will continue to be,

mass infection in children, with ensuing chronic illness for many.

The ‘road map’ for re-opening, announced in February 2021,22 did not focus

on controlling transmission, unless this risked overwhelming the NHS. The

adherence to the stage 3 of the road map’s releasing of restrictions

effectively demonstrated the government’s acceptance of risks that a

signif icant 3rd wave modelled by the government’s advisory group (SAGE

SPI-M) could occur.23 Continuing roll-out of vaccines meant that much larger

surges in cases could be tolerated before healthcare capacity was

overwhelmed. Whilst the emergence of new variants of concern was a

criterion for re-evaluating the road map,22 the rapid spread of the delta

variant was not seen as a reason to pause further opening. The acceptance

of virus spread through the young is no different to the strategy of herd

immunity by infection, which was rightly abandoned by the government in

late March 2020.

England is now experiencing a third wave with over 20,000 daily reported

cases and 9 day doubling times as of 2 July 2021 , this time with the more

transmissible Delta variant. Yet the government is rapidly easing measures

in the midst of a surging pandemic. Euro2020 matches attended by tens of

thousands of fans have gone ahead, leading to 15% of those who attended

from Scotland becoming infected.24 While it is unclear where these

infections were acquired, it is likely that activities such as travel and

socialisation linked to these events have contributed to spread. On 19th of

July, almost all restrictions including social distancing and widespread mask

use will be stopped.25 The same day, nightclubs will open without the need

for pre-testing.26 This has been widely branded as ‘freedom day’, sending the

message that the pandemic is effectively over. As cases rise rapidly, some

government advisors and MPs are now suggesting that release of daily case

updates on COVID-19 should be stopped, as they ‘are a long way from being

an important cause of death’.27



These strands of evidence support the conclusion that the policy being

pursued, by design or default, is population immunity through mass

infection of large swathes of the population. Herd immunity to an infectious

disease has never been achieved by this approach in the timescale that

would avoid undue harm to the UK population.

References:

1. Alwan NA, Burgess RA, Ashworth S, et al. Scientif ic consensus on the

COVID-19 pandemic: we need to act now. Lancet 2020; 396(10260): e71-e2.

2. Wall EC, Wu M, Harvey R, et al. Neutralising antibody activity against

SARS-CoV-2 VOCs B.1.617.2 and B.1.351 by BNT162b2 vaccination. Lancet 2021.

3. Tomic A SD, Ogbe A, O’Connor D, Pace M, Adland E, Alexander F, Ali M,

Allot K. Divergent trajectories of antiviral memory after SARS-Cov-2 infection.

Research Square (preprint) 2021.

4. ONS. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-

19) infection in the UK: 1 April 2021

5. ONS. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-

19) infection in the UK: 1 July 2021, 2021.

6. Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, et al. Post-acute COVID-19

syndrome. Nat Med 2021; 27(4): 601-15.

7. Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-

acute sequelae of COVID-19. Nature 2021; 594(7862): 259-64.

8. Roberts CM, Levi M, McKee M, Schilling R, Lim WS, Grocott MPW.

COVID-19: a complex multisystem disorder. Br J Anaesth 2020; 125(3): 238-42.

9. Douaud G LS, Alfaro-Almagro F, Arthofer C, Wang C, Lange F,

Andersson JLR, Griffanti L. Brain imaging before and after COVID-19 in UK

Biobank. MedRxiv 2021.

10. Gov.uk. Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the UK. 2021.

.

11. Whitaker M EJ, Chadeau-Hyam M, Riley S, Darzi A, Cooke G, Ward H,

Elliott P. Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a random

https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths

https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths



community sample of 508,707 people, 2021

12. Gurdasani D, Alwan NA, Greenhalgh T, et al. School reopening

without robust COVID-19 mitigation risks accelerating the pandemic. Lancet

2021; 397(10280): 1177-8

13. Gurdasani D, Pagel, C., Yates K., McKee M., Greenhalgh T. . Is the

government “following the data” on face coverings in schools? BMJ Opinion

2021.

14. Gov.uk. Face coverings no longer required in schools and colleges

from 17 May. 2021.

15. ONS. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey, UK: 2 July 2021

16. Public Health England. Weekly national Influenza and COVID-19

surveillance report: Week 26 report (up to week 25 data). 01 July 2021

17. Aubrey Allegretti JE, Natalie Grover. Ministers set to end automatic

isolation for pupils in England. The Guardian. 2021.

18. Neilan C. School bubbles could be dropped on July 19, says Gavin

Williamson. The Telegraph. 2021

19. Howard J. COVID-19 and balancing the risks: The vaccine or the virus.

Science-Based Medicine. 2021.

20. Smyth C. ‘Children better off catching Covid naturally than having a

jab. The Times. 2021.

21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID Data Tracker:

COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States. 2021.

.

22. Gov.uk. COVID-19 Response - Spring 2021. 2021.

.

23. SPI-M-O. SPI-M-O: Summary of modelling on easing restrictions, 2021.

24. Heather Stewart LB, Linda Geddes. Covid: surge in Scottish cases

raises Euro 2020 safety concerns. The Guardian. 2021.

25. Morton B. Covid: Boris Johnson upbeat about easing lockdown in

England on 19 July. BBC News. 2021.

26. Exclusive: Now let’s dance - clubs to reopen (with no Covid tests or

vaccine passports). Evening Standard. 2021.

27. Somerville E, Davies G. Stop daily case updates as virus no longer an

'important cause of mortality', says JCVI scientist. The Telegraph. 2021.

https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-

data-tracker/#vaccinations

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-response-spring-

2021/covid-19-response-spring-2021

https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-response-spring-2021/covid-19-response-spring-2021

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