History Study Guide for 5 A

Please review the concepts below to help you prepare for quizzes and tests. There are bits of information as well as questions to look up in your lessons. The concepts should be familiar to you from the lessons you have completed and studied. If a concept is not familiar to you please return to that lesson or contact your teacher for help with that particular concept.

Unit 1 Exploring the New World

Know your vocabulary words

adventure An unusual or exciting experience

assembly A group of people gathered together for a purpose

bay A part of the sea extending into the land

cardinal Of first importance, chief, principal

charter A written permission given by a government

colony A new settlement located far from the home country

compass Navigational tool with a needle that always points north

conquistadore Soldier who claimed parts of North America for Spain

constitution A document stating ideas or laws of government

debtor One who owes money to another

dissenter A person who disagrees with the authority they are placed under

equator The starting point on a globe for measuring latitude

explorer A person who explores, looks for new lands

galleon A large high ship with three or four decks

geographer A person trained in the study of the earth's surface

globe A map in the shape of the earth

hemisphere Half the earth's surface

isthmus A narrow strip of land having water on either side

Jesuit A member of a Catholic religious order

latitude Imaginary lines that run east and west around the earth but are used to measure the distance in degrees north or south of the equator

longitude Imaginary lines that run north and south but are used to measure the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian

navigator One who is skilled in sailing the sea

northwest passage A waterway connecting through the Americas

connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

pewter A metal mixture sometimes used to make eating utensils

Pilgrims People who journey for religious reasons

Prime Meridian The starting point on the globe for measuring longitude

privateer A privately owned English ship

Protestant Christians who "protested" the abuses of the Roman Catholic Church

Puritans Wanted the Church of England to follow the Bible more closely

Quakers A religious group that believes in an "inner light"

Roman Catholic The church governed by the Pope in Rome

saga A story of heroic deeds

Separatist A Protestant group who separated from the Church of England

stockade A defense made of large strong posts set upright in the ground, usually placed around the cabins for protection

strait A narrow channel connecting two larger bodies of water.

surrender To give up, yield

tarnished Loss of luster or shine

A globe is a kind of model of the earth. It is almost the same shape as the earth. If you could view the earth from space, you would see it is shaped like a giant ball.

Things to know: Northern and Southern Hemispheres, Prime meridian, equator, longitude and latitude, degrees, North Pole and South Pole, International Date Line, the 7 continents, and 4 oceans.

Some maps have a compass rose to help you find directions. The compass rose shows the cardinal or main directions (north, south, east, and west).

Most maps have a map key, sometimes called a legend. The symbols used on the map are explained in the key.

Know the different types of maps and what they show

Geographers have figured out a number of ways to make map projections, or a flat map.

1. What does a physical map show?2. A tool on a map to show distance is called a ________________

Know the following words and what they mean or what they are: Graph, table, diagram, time line

3. Who discovered Vinland? ______________________4. Which explorer landed on San Salvador? ______________________5. Ponce de Leon searched for the ____________ _____

_______________.6. What did Captain Bartholomeu Dias sail around?

______________________7. Which explorer sailed around the world? Was it Francisco Coronado or

Ferdinand Magellan

Portugal, Spain, England, Britain, France, Netherlands, & Holland are all main European countries that were active in exploration.

There was an abundance of fish in the Grand Banks of Canada for many years and this was a great source of wealth for England.

8. What was the name of the missionary that traveled with the French explorer Louis Joliet? _______________________________

9. What’s the difference between a privateer and a galleon? Which one did the English use? ___________________________________________________

In those early days when England was establishing her first colonies, Holland was one of the greatest nations in the world. The Dutch owned islands off the coast of

Asia. Here they obtained spices, silks, and other things of great value. To reach these islands in the Far East, their ships had to go around the southern tip of Africa and across the Indian Ocean. The Dutch wished they could find a shorter and safer route.

In 1626, Peter Minuit, the governor, bought the entire island of Manhattan from the Indians for trinkets and goods worth about twenty-four dollars.

Know the colonies and a brief description of them. Example: Connecticut was first settled by people who found rich farmland along a river.

Know these vessels and who used them: dragon ship, Santa Maria, canoes, Silver Fleet, privateers, Half Moon, Mayflower

10.Who wanted all people to belong to the Church of England? _____________

11. What document did the Pilgrims write? ____________________________

12. Who was Squanto? ________________________13. When do we celebrate Thanksgiving?

______________________________

William Penn founded Pennsylvania. His colony was settled by Quakers, a religious group. Quakers believed each person had an "inner light," or conscience. Quakers tried to follow the teaching of the Bible exactly. The Bible says, "Thou shalt not kill." So they would not fight, even to protect themselves; they would not serve as soldiers. Governor Penn tried to run his colony for the good of the people. The people in Pennsylvania had religious freedom. Everyone who paid taxes could vote.

14.The colony of Rhode Island was started by ____________________

Be able to name at least 6 of the English colonies

Be able to give reasons why men explored the new world

Unit 2 Colonial American Life

Know your vocab words

apprentice One who is being trained by a master craftsman

bees When people get together to do something--like a quilting bee

bellows Used to provide air for blowing a fire

canopy A covering fixed over a bed

cobbler One who mends or patches shoes.

common New England pasture or park

condemn To declare wrong

curing Preserving by drying or salting

deluder One who leads the mind away from truth and into error.

doublet A man's close-fitting jacket

flaunt To show off something proudly

flax A slender plant used to weave linen.

hemp A tall plant; its fibers are used for rope

herbs Plants used for seasonings and medicine

humility Not thinking more highly of yourself than others

indenture A written agreement that binds a person to the service of another

indigo A tropical plant used as a source of blue dye

journeyman One who had completed apprenticeship but was not yet a master craftsman

musket A long gun fired from the shoulder, used before the rifle was invented

persecution Harming, especially for religious reasons

pewter A metallic substance used for making table utensils

pillory A wooden frame erected on a post, having holes for head and arms

pitch A substance in pine-knots that burns with a clear light

plantation A large farming estate

primer A small book for teaching children to read

public Of or belonging to all people as a whole

Quaker A religious group that believes in an "inner light"

ramshackle Rickety, not strong

sap Clear liquid from a maple tree, used to make sugar

sampler A piece of needlework to show one's skills

stocks A wooden frame with holes where arms and feet could be confined

tanner A person who tans or works hides.

tavern A small hotel or inn

treason Trying to overthrow one's government

trundle On little wheels, such as a trundle bed

volunteer One willing to work without pay

15. What was a tithingman? _________________16. Colonial shoes were called ___________________17. Which room of a house was know as the “heart of the house”?

___________18. The February thaw was the time of year that __________ was made. 19. What were plates made out of? _____________20. What was the Old Deluder Act? _________________________

21. How many groups were the colonies divided into? _________

Be able to describe what the original colonial schools were like.

Be able to tell how colonial children play and have fun.

Middle Colonies--New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware they had quickly become the most prosperous colonies.

22.What city was known as “The City of Brotherly Love”? ______________ 23.What was the main crop grown in the middle colonies?

_______________

Read the information on Benjamin Franklin. Know what city he became an important man in, know what he did for a living when he was younger, He said, “A penny saved is a ________ _________. “ Know what his minister told him.

The Southern Colonies included Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Rich soil and mild weather made the Southern Colonies ideal for farming. Tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton grew well in the Southern Colonies.

Farmers and plantation owners grew crops on their land. The boats transported the crops to the markets and to the port cities.

Plantation owners belonged to the highest social class in the Southern Colonies. They were very wealthy families who wanted to live like the wealthy in England.

Plantation owners depended on many people to plant and to harvest the crops. They also depended on many people to take care of the plantation buildings and grounds. Most of the slaves in the Southern Colonies were field slaves.

Indentured servants from Europe and Africa worked on the plantations. The indentured servants earned their freedom after a few years.

Slave traders took millions of slaves from Africa and shipped them across the ocean. They sold the slaves in the English, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies of the Americas. The use of indentured servants decreased over time. Many plantation owners began purchasing African slaves to supply the needed labor. Unlike indentured servants, slaves were the property of the plantation owner, and they served for life.

24.If you lived on a plantation what were two popular forms of entertainment? _______________ and _______________

Circuit riders were men who rode horseback from town to town preaching the Gospel. The circuit riders preached the Gospel under trees and in private houses and barns, wherever people gathered to hear them.

On their day of rest, the slaves would often escape to the woods for their own service. Sometimes the women would wet quilts and hang them from the branches. This would help muffle the sounds of their service. The slaves' services were lively.

25. What were the two most important buildings in a New England village? ________________________________________

Know the differences between the New England Church services and the services of the circuit riders.

Unit 3 Thirteen colonies became a new nation

Know your vocabulary words

allegiance Loyalty and service

alliance A group of people joining together to help each other

assembly A group of men chosen by each colony to govern

cannon A heavy gun mounted on a carriage (same word is used for plural)

claim A piece of land that someone claims as his own

confederation The joining together of a group

conquer To overcome by force

continent A large mainland

declaration An announcement

defeat To gain victory over

delegate A person sent as a representative to a convention

derive Come from

document A written paper furnishing information

duty A tax placed on imports (products coming into a country) and exports

(products going out of a country); an obligation or requirement

endowed To be given a special gift

enforce To force someone to obey a law

executive A person who manages affairs (the country)

frontiersmen Men who live in the part of the country that lies next to an

undeveloped area

governor A person appointed by England to be in charge of each colony

historian A person who knows and writes about history

ideal A perfect pattern to live up to

import To bring goods in from another country

indigo A blue dye obtained from certain plants

institute Bring into being; start

justice Treated fairly

militia Citizens partly trained for war

molasses Thick, brown, sweet syrup

musket A long gun, fired from the shoulder, used before the rifle was

invented

Parliament The governing body of Britain

patriotism Loyalty to one's country

pledge A promise

population All the people in a country or region

pursuit The act of seeking

republic Nation where the people elect representatives to manage the government

resources Something that a country or state has that can be used for strength

ridiculous Something funny or strange

smuggle To get goods secretly without paying the required duty

subjects People under control of others

surrender To give up

symbol A picture or item that stands for something

territory Land or region

textile A woven material, cloth

treaty An agreement between two countries

troops Groups of soldiers

unalienable Cannot be removed or taken away

Many factors led to the war between the colonies and England (Revolutionary War). These causes included distance, size, increased population, increased independence, trade, taxation, and laws.

Thomas Paine wrote, "It is ridiculous for a continent to belong to an island."

A British law (the Molasses Act) placed a high tax on sugar and molasses brought in from the West Indies. The tax made sugar from the French islands cost as much as sugar from England. This law was passed to force the colonists to trade with England. For years, this law was not enforced; but later, when it was enforced, it caused much trouble. Many colonists were angered by this act.

The French and Indian War in America had cost Great Britain a great deal of money. Parliament tried to collect new taxes in the colonies to pay for this war

Know what caused the Boston Tea Party and its results.

26.Which colony found iron ore? _________________27. Along which two coasts were rice and indigo being produced?

_________________

A governor was a person that was appointed by England to be in charge of a colony but they did not solve problems quickly.

Minutemen were farmers who were ready to fight at a moment's notice.

Shooting had really begun in 1775. The British redcoats discovered the colonists had gunpowder, muskets, and ammunition stored at Lexington and at Concord, near the city of Boston. The British took some of the ammunition, but colonial minutemen defeated seven hundred British troops and saved the rest of the ammunition.

Even after this fighting, the colonies were not ready to break ties with England. Many who didn't like England's rules still wanted to remain British subjects. Representatives from the colonies met in July of 1775. They said their purpose was not to break away from England. They wanted to find peaceful ways of settling their differences. King George III and his advisors were determined to hold tight control over the colonies, but American blood had been shed. Americans were more determined to stand their ground. They did not want to give in to the demands of King George III.

Ethan Allen organized a fighting group called the Green Mountain Boys.

George Washington was a wealthy plantation owner and greatly admired by his fellow patriots (patriots were those who loved America). Washington was strong and rugged in build. He had traveled over rough country for years. He was also crafty and skilled in the frontier type of fighting. George Washington was forty-three years old when he was chosen to be commander-in-chief of all colonial troops. His plan was to strike at the enemy and to disrupt their supply lines.

Thomas Jefferson from Virginia wrote most of the Declaration of Independence.

28. The combined French and American forces attacked the (a) ___________. On October 19, 1781, (b) _______________ army had to surrender.

29. The surrender of (a)______________and his army was the main battle that led to American (b)________________.

30. What was the Treaty of Paris?

The Articles of Confederation was written while the colonies were still at war, know why it was not a satisfactory document.

The Continental Congress was known as the central government.

Who was “Molly Pitcher” and what did she do?

People to know: George Rogers Clark, James Madison, Thomas Paine, Richard Henry Lee, John Adams

Know what a democracy is.

The United States flag has several names but the most popular name is Stars and Stripes.

Know the proper ways to handle the U.S. flag

Know what Patriotism is

Know the responsibilities Americans have to keep our country free.

Benjamin Franklin wanted the writers of the Constitution to call on God (pray) to “illuminate their understanding."

Unit 4 New Lands and Troubled Times

Know your vocabulary words

ally Someone who helps another

ambassador A representative of the government

appoint Name for an office

cabinet Group of officials who act as advisors to the president

caravan A group of travelers or wagons on a journey

cede Give up; hand over to another

commission A written order giving military rank

conceived Had an idea or feeling

conflict A disagreement; sometimes involves a war

Congress The national lawmaking body of the United States

dedicated Set apart for a certain purpose

destruction State of being destroyed

disagreement Quarrel; failure to agree

disputed Disagreed over

draft Legal requirement to serve in the military forces of a nation

endure Continue, or survive

expand Enlarge or increase the number

expanse A large stretch of land or sea

flintlock An old-fashioned gun in which a flint strikes steel to make a spark to

explode the gunpowder

impeach To bring a public official to trial on a charge of wrongdoing

implement A useful tool

import Something brought in for sale from another country

inaugurate Install in office with a formal service

industrialized Having many industries to produce manufactured goods

industry Manufacturing or business; agriculture

inspire To cause to happen

interfere Disturb the affairs of others

kidnap To take prisoner unlawfully

manifest destiny The belief that the United States should expand from the

Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

molasses A sweet syrup obtained in making sugar from sugar cane

naval blockade Control what comes in and out of a country by the use of the

navy

oppose Fight or struggle against

patriotism Love and loyal support for one's country

population The number of people of a city or a country

privilege A special right

proposition A statement

protective tariff Taxes set high on imports so that the goods being taxed sell for

more than the same type goods made in the country

radical Person with extreme opinions

representative Person appointed to speak or act for another

restoration Bringing back to a former condition

restore Bring back to a former condition

secede Separate from or withdraw

source The beginning; like the beginning of a river

sterling Silver which is 92.5 per cent pure

sympathizer Person who is in favor of a certain belief, cause, or person

transportation Means of carrying from one place to another

treason Betrayal of one's country

uninhabited Not lived in

utensil A container such as a pot or a pan

vain Without success

venison Flesh of a deer used for food

Democratic republic- "Democratic" refers to the belief that all people are born free and equal. "Republic" is a form of government which elects representatives to vote for the people themselves. A democratic republic, then, is a nation in which the people believe in equality and elect representatives to vote for them.

Know the details of the Louisiana Purchase

The second war with England was called the War of 1812 know the details about the war and the problems which our government faced in waging the War of 1812.

Know what Francis Scott Key wrote and why.

Spain still controlled Florida and a large section of land from Texas to California. The Seminole Indians who lived in Florida had begun attacking colonies in Georgia. President Monroe sent General Andrew Jackson to Spanish Florida to try to put an end to the Indian attacks. He attacked the Spanish in Florida and seized several Spanish forts. Spain was in need of money because it had been an ally of England fighting against France. In a treaty in 1819, the United States offered to buy Florida from Spain. Because wars cost money, Spain was happy to sell Florida to the United States in 1819 for $5 million.

Know why Washington D.C. burned down and by who.

Know the land areas purchased by the United States after 1800.

Know what Monroe Doctrine was.

Mexico was the original owner of Texas

31. What issue kept Texas from being annexed between 1836 and 1845? ________

The United States grew until it reached from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west and from Canada on the north to Mexico on the south. Starting with only thirteen colonies, by 1912 this nation had become forty-eight United States. Alaska and Hawaii were added in 1959, and we now have fifty states. Alaska and Hawaii are the only two states outside of the 48 contiguous states.

A frontier is the border or edge of settled territory. It refers to a particular place at a given time. The area ceases to be a frontier after it is heavily settled. Our first frontiers were on the Atlantic coast.

Know who Lewis and Clark were, and who helped them.

Know what a “house raising” was.

32.What was the one of the first builds built in a new village? __________

33. How did most settlers travel west and what did they want to find? _____________ and ___________

The Ohio River was used by the settlers to travel west on flatboats.

The Civil War was fought between the North and the South. Know why this war began and what the results were.

The larger farms in the South were called plantations.

Unit 5 The United States becomes a world Leader

accomplishment Something done or completed

accumulate To collect material

advantage A favorable condition; any gain resulting from a better position

appoint To name to an office or position

automation Using machines to operate other machines

ballot A sheet of paper used to vote

chemotherapy The treatment of disease with chemicals

commission A group of people officially appointed to perform specific duties

communist A person or country that believes that no single person has the right to own property or business but that property must be shared by all

conservation Protection of our natural resources

corporation A group of people who obtain a charter giving them as a group the right to buy and sell

corruption Dishonesty or cheating in government or business; breaking laws

destructive Destroying or ruining anything

detached Separated or disconnected; separate from others

devastation Complete ruin

diplomat One who represents our country in another country

dominion Authority; ruling over

efficient Doing things well without waste of time

electrode A conductor to make electrical contact

electronic Working or produced by electricity

emigrate To leave one's own country to live in another

experiment To test to see what something will or can do

fallout Radioactive particles resulting from atomic energy

free enterprise The freedom to work in any field you wish or build any business you wish to

identity Who a person is; a personality

immigrant A person who comes to a new country to live

inadequate Not enough; not good enough.

independent To rely on yourself; not influenced by others

inspiration Something which causes people to see the good and to want to do better

intercept To stop the progress of; to stop something from coming

interceptor A person or thing that intercepts or stops the progress of something coming

interchangeable parts Parts which are made so that they can be used in the place of each other

invest To pay money to become an owner in a business; use money to buy something that is expected to produce a profit

investor Person who invests money; one who pays money to become part owner in a business

involved Drawn in or become associated with

maintain To keep or keep up

mechanize To do or make by machinery rather than by hand

merit system A system in which employees are judged by the quality of work that they do

millionaire A person whose wealth amounts to a million or more dollars

native A person born in a certain place or country

nuclear Having to do with atomic energy

nutrition The study of the health quality of foods

nutritious Foods that help to make the body healthy

obligate To make responsible for

oceanographer A scientist who studies the oceans and the seas, including marine life

paralyze To make powerless or helpless

pension Money paid by a company or government to a person who has retired

perseverance Never giving up what one has set out to do

poverty Conditions of being poor

produce Agricultural products; foods

radar detector A radio system that shows the location of moving objects

reform To do better or to live better

refugee A person who flees for safety, especially to a foreign land

satellite An object that revolves around another object

slum A run-down overcrowded part of a city or town. Poverty and disease are common in the slums

socialist A person or a country that states that no one has the right to own any property or business. The government owns or controls everything

strike Refusal to work until certain demands have been met

suburb A town, village, or other community near a large city

surgery An operation on the body

survival The act of being or staying alive

technological Having to do with the science of machinery and automation

trust A combination of industrial or business corporations that are controlled by a single group of people who are able to remove competition

union An organization of workers with common skills who act together to ensure fair treatment in the workplace

United Nations A world organization to address world problems

Urbanization Having to do with living in large cities

vegetation Living plants

Know the accomplishments of or inventions of:

Benjamin Franklin, Eli Whitney, Thomas Edison, Enrico Fermi, Albert Einstein, Samuel Morse and Jonas Salk

Know about the Space Race which countries were involved, what was accomplished by both countries?

Name the men on the Columbia.

What was Explorer 1?

What did Tiros l, Polaris, Telstar, and Midas ll do?

Why are people living longer lives?

Russia blocked the efforts to have the world agree not to make more destructive bombs.

What helps us see if planes or missiles are coming our way?

Know what these are:

The Interstate Commerce Act. This law created a commission to deal with travel between states. Every carrier on land or water must charge the same rate to all. Companies cannot agree to do anything to hurt the public.

The Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act. These laws were passed to prevent the formation of trusts.

The Federal Trade Commission. This commission has the power to investigate unfair practices of corporations and to tell the public about them.

Know the difference between communist and free enterprise.

What was the Taft-Hartley Act and what did it control?

How has atomic power helped our country?

What is conservation?

Know why people from other countries wanted to move to the United States

What were some advantages of living in a big city?

The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Japan to end World War ll so many soldier’s lives could be saved.

Know what automation is

Our country is founded on Biblical principles by Christian leaders.

Who is known for organizing the first labor union?

Know why it is important to preserve and protect the knowledge and history of the past.

Answers

1. A physical map shows what the land looks like.2. A map scale3. Leif Erickson4. Christopher Columbus5. Fountain of youth6. Cape of Good Hope7. Ferdinand Magellan8. Father Marquette9. Swift English sailing vessels were called privateers. Large three-decked

ships were called galleons. The galleons moved more slowly than the privateers.

10. King James11. Mayflower Compact12. Squanto was a friend to the Pilgrims and a gift from God13. The 4th Thursday of November14. Roger Williams15. A long rod16. Batts17. Kitchen18. Sugar19. Pewter20. This law said every town with fifty families or more should start an

elementary school. Towns with one hundred families or more should have a high school. The schools were partly paid for by public funds. This law is sometimes called the "Old Deluder Act."

21. 3 groups22. Philadelphia23.Wheat24. Parties and fox hunts

25. The school and the church. 26. Pennsylvania27.Carolina and Georgia coasts28. (a) British (b) Cornwallis’29. (a) Cornwallis (b) independence30. The Treaty of Paris was the end of the war it acknowledged America’s

freedom and independence. It also proved America could defend itself. 31. Slavery32. A church33. By covered wagon and gold