media literacy in secondary schools a state of affairs in flanders and the brussels capital region...
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Media Literacy in Secondary Schools
A State of Affairs in Flanders and the Brussels Capital Region
Katie GoemanBram Pynoo
FactsheetMICTIVO
ResearchersPromoters
Type of researchCommissioned by
Duration
Main objective
Target populationActorsMethod
Reports
Monitor for ICT integration in Flemish education
Bram Pynoo, Stephanie KerckaertJan Elen, Katie Goeman & Johan van Braak
Policy preparation & follow-up research Department of Education, Flemish Ministry of Education and Training
April 2012 – October 2013
Mapping ICT integration and its determinants at the system level
Primary, secondary & basic educationPupils, teachers and principalsOnline survey research, representative sampling of schools
www.mictivo.beEvers et al. (2009), Pynoo et al. (2013)
Definition
MEDIA LITERACY
The unity of knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for citizens to live consciously and critically in a complex, changing and mediatised society. It is the ability to use the media actively and creatively in a manner that is directed at social participation (Concept paper media literacy, 2012).
Focus on ICT and internet use (see Van Deursen & Van Dijk, 2009; van den Berg, Jager & Gillebaard, 2010)
… to what extent students and teachers employ print, audiovisual and computer-based media in an active way, to what degree are they able to gauge opportunities and risks and to reflect about how media influence their actions…
Measurement (SOCIAL) MEDIA USE
❖ Media use (never to a couple of times/day) passive (14 items): pupils do not create any content –
reading a newspaper, following twitter messages, listening to radio, etc.
active (11 items): pupil create or edit content – making pictures, wite an article, create a video, write a post, etc.
❖ Motives for media use (teachers) motivation – support – class discussion – entertainment –
other
Measurement MEDIA LITERACY
❖ Attitude: chat, internet/discussion forum (2 items, totally disagree > totally agree)
❖ Knowledge: password, advertising, viruses, references (7 items, totally disagree > totally agree)
❖ Skills : information and strategical skills (5 items) & responsible internet use (3 items)
Data collectionSTRATIFIEDSAMPLING (20% of the total population of schools or school groups )
Study 3 (10%)+ Pupils
Study 2 (10%)+ Teachers
Study I (80%)Headmasters
Response rates
MICTIVO 1 MICTIVO 2
Schools (N) 190 217
Headmasters
Teachers
Pupils (1st > 7th year)
155
377
1311
217
1377
2534
Respondents (N) 1843 4128
Hardware@school
Ratio PC/100 pupils 56,5
Ratio PC/100 pupils (PC <4 years old)
33
The European benchmark of 1 computer per 4 pupils is reached.
A relatively high proportion of the computers is old: 1/2 in special and 1/3 in regular secondary education.
On average 6.7 interactive whiteboards – in 5 years time from 0% to 40%. 28% of the secondary schools possess tablet PCs.
Social media use TEACHERS (in %)
How frequent do you employ social media to…
Missing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Let pupils look up information. 3.3 61.8 25.7 6.5 1.7 0.7 0.2 0.1 7.8
Let pupils cooperate with fellow pupils of one’s own school.
3.0 75.0 15.4 4.2 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.0 5.5
Let pupils cooperate with pupils of another school.
1.7 92.5 4.1 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.8
Have pupils of one’s own school chatting or posting about an assignment or learning content.
2.5 82.9 9.8 3.4 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 3.2
Have pupils chatting or posting about an assignment or learning content with pupils of another school.
2.6 84.0 9.3 2.7 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 2.8
To communicate with pupils. 1.7 76.7 12.0 5.8 2.8 0.7 0.3 0.0 2.3
To support pupils with a disability. 1.2 85.3 8.2 3.1 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 1.2
Let pupils process new learning content independently.
1.8 77.6 13.7 4.3 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.1 2.5
Let pupils make exercises. 1.7 78.0 11.8 5.1 2.1 0.8 0.5 0.0 1.6
Let pupils test their knowledge. 1.4 89.6 6.1 1.9 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.2
Monitor pupuls’ performance. 1.8 81.0 6.7 5.2 3.1 1.2 0.8 0.1 1.8
1 = never, 2 = a couple of times/year, 3 = one or more times/month, 4 = weekly, 5 = a couple of times/week, 6 = daily, 7 = a couple of times/day8 = within a particular project
Social media use PUPILS
AVERAGE1 (never) > 7 (a couple of times/day)
2,7
USE DIFFERENCES according to gender
girls > boys (!)
USE DIFFERENCES according to year of schooling
6th year > 1st – 3rd year, 5th year5th year > 1st year
4th year >1st and 2nd year
Media use type TOP 5
PassiveLook at slides or photos
82.3%
Read a newspaper 73.0%
Watch a movie 75.8%
Watch a documentary
69.4%
Read a magazine 74.5%
Active
Make a photo 35.9%
Write an article for a newspaper
26.3%
Edit a photo 26,3%
Create a video 17.8%
Write a letter for a newspaper or a magazine
11.8%
Main objective
Newspaper Illustration
Magazine Illustration
Documentary Illustration
Film Illustration
Letter Illustration
Radio Illustration
TV journal Illustration
Blog Motivation of pupils
Slides or photos Illustration
Games Motivation of pupils
Animation Illustration
Reclame Illustration
Video clips Motivation of pupils
Soaps Illustration
Twitter Motivation of pupils
Media literacy
SCALE ANALYSIS PUPILS(EFA > CFA & Cronbach’s alpha)
within teacher group: single factor selected
Media literacy
Skills(2 factors)
Search Privacy / Higher-order
Knowledge and attitude(1 factor)
Knowledge and attitudes TEACHERS
Regular Special
AVERAGE1 (totally disagree) > 6 (totally agree)
3.6 3.6
K & A DIFFERENCES according to gender
men > women
n.s.
K & A DIFFERENCES according to age
n.s.
K & A DIFFERENCES according to year of schooling
n.s. n/a
K & A DIFFERENCES according to education type
BSO > ASO n/a
Search skills TEACHERS
Regular Special
AVERAGE1 (never) > 7 (a couple of times/day)
2.4 1.9
K & A DIFFERENCES according to gender
men > women
n.s.
K & A DIFFERENCES according to age
n.s.
K & A DIFFERENCES according to year of schooling
n.s. n/a
K & A DIFFERENCES according to education type
TSO > ASO n/a
Higher-order skills TEACHERS
Regular Special
AVERAGE1 (never) > 7 (a couple of times/day)
2.2 2.3
K & A DIFFERENCES according to gender
men > women
n.s.
K & A DIFFERENCES according to age
n.s.
K & A DIFFERENCES according to year of schooling
n.s. n/a
K & A DIFFERENCES according to education type
BSO > TSO > ASO
n/a
Knowledge and attitudes PUPILS
AVERAGE1 (never) > 5 (always)
4.7
K & A DIFFERENCES according to gender
girls > boys
K & A DIFFERENCES according to year of schooling
lowest scores in 2nd grade
Search skills PUPILS
AVERAGE1 (never) > 5 (always)
2,7
SKILL DIFFERENCES according to gender
n.s.
SKILL DIFFERENCES according to year of schooling
6th year > 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th year 5th year > 2nd, 4th year
Conclusions
❖ Traditional versus new media use
❖ Time for action! hardware
professional development
structural changes
teacher education
More informationwww.mictivo.be
Katie Goeman Lecturer, researcher and project leader for
educational innovation
Bram Pynoo project manager didactics and ICT ENW AUGent