MEDIA IN THE ONLINE AGE

INTERNET AND WORLD-WIDE WEB

The internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions and thousands of computers together forming a network in which they can communicate with one another as long as they are connected to the internet or Wi-fi.

World-wide web or web, is a away of accessing information through internet. It is a model of sharing information on Internet.

HISTORY

In 1980, Tim Berners-Lee, an independent contractor at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland, built ENQUIRE, as a personal database of people and software models, but also as a way to play with hypertext; each new page of information in ENQUIRE had to be linked to an existing page.

In 1984 Berners-Lee returned to CERN, and considered its problems of information management: physicists from around the world needed to share data, yet they lacked common machines and any shared presentation software.

Shortly after Berners-Lee's return to CERN, TCP/IP protocols were installed on some key non-Unix machines at the institution, turning it into the largest Internet site in Europe within a few years. As a result, CERN's infrastructure was ready for Berners-Lee to create the Web.

Berners-Lee wrote a proposal in March 1989 for "a large hypertext database with typed links". Although the proposal attracted little interest, Berners-Lee was encouraged by his boss, Mike Sendall, to begin implementing his system on a newly acquired NeXT workstation. He considered several names, including Information Mesh, The Information Mine or Mine of Information, but settled on World Wide Web.

RELATED QUESTIONS

Q. WHEN DID INTERNET STARTED AND BY WHOM?

The initial idea is credited as being Leonard Kleinrock's after he published his first paper entitled "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" on May 31, 1961.

In 1962, J.C.R. Licklider became the first Director of IPTO and gave his vision of a galactic network. In addition to ideas from Licklider, Robert Taylor helped create the idea of the network that later became ARPANET.

Q. WHO CREATED EMAILING?

In 1978, a 14-year-old named VA Shiva Ayyadurai developed a computer program, which replicated the features of the interoffice, inter-organizational paper mail system. He named his program “EMAIL”.

Q. WHEN WAS SPAM BORN?

On May 3, 1978, the Internet witnessed a glorious and not particularly welcome birth: The first ever spam email. Gary Thuerk, a marketer for the Digital Equipment Corporation, blasted out his message to 400 of the 2600 people on ARPAnet, the DARPA-funded so-called “first Internet.” Naturally: he was selling something. (Computers, or more specifically, information about open houses where people could check out the computers.) He annoyed a lot of people. And he also had some success, with a few recipients interested in what he was pushing. And thus, spam was born.

Q. WHAT HAPPENED IN 1988?

The year 1988 was important in the early history of internet. In this year the first well known computer-virus came, the 1998 Internet worm. The first officially sanctioned online commercial e-mail provider debuted as well. A computer virus is a malware program that, when executed, replicates by inserting copies of itself (possibly modified) into other computer programs, data files, or the boot sector of the hard drive; when this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected”

Q. WHAT WAS LAUNCHED IN 1989?

The NASA spacecraft(Galileo) was launched which studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as several other solar system bodies. It consisted of an orbiter and entry probe. It was launched on October 18, 1989, carried by Space Shuttle Atlantis, on the STS-34 mission.

Q. WHY WAS 1995 SIGNIFICANT FOR INTERNET USERS?

There are a lot of things that happened in 1995.

Netscape introduced JavaScript.

Netscape Navigator completely dominated the web browser market.

Microsoft launched Internet Explorer 1.

Microsoft released Windows 95. Most people were using Win 3.1 or 3.11 at the time.

Sun announced Java.

Intel released their 133 MHz Pentium processor, and the Pentium Pro processor (running up to a mighty 200 MHz).

Sony launched the first Playstation.

Linus Torvalds released version 1.2.0 of the Linux kernel (a.k.a. Linux 95).

And sadly enough: The final original strip of Calvin & Hobbes was published.

Q. WHEN DID GOOGLE CAME-UP?

Google began in March 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Ph.D. students at Stanford University.

Q. WHEN WAS WIKIPEDIA LAUNCHED?

The Wikipedia was launched on Monday 15 January 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger; however, its technological and conceptual underpinnings predate this. The earliest known proposal for an online encyclopedia was made by Rick Gates in 1993, but the concept of a free-as-in-freedom online encyclopedia was proposed by Richard Stallman in December 2000.