mechanical circulatory devices: contemporary long-term

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Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term Management Do Mitral and Tricuspid Valves Need to be Repaired at Time of VAD Implant Mark S. Slaughter, MD Professor and Chair Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery University of Louisville

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Page 1: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term Management

Do Mitral and Tricuspid Valves Need to be Repaired at Time of VAD Implant

Mark S. Slaughter, MDProfessor and Chair

Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity of Louisville

Page 2: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Residual Valve Regurgitation in LVAD patients• Residual Valve regurgitation after stand‐alone LVAD or LVAD+valve surgery 

is associated with poor survival outcomes and increased readmissions• Single center study included all types of valve surgeries including tricuspid, 

mitral and aortic

Tanaka et al. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2018

Page 3: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Tricuspid Regurgitation in LAVD

• Varied incidence of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patient undergoing LVAD

• Studies report incidence of clinically significant i.e. moderate or greater TR between 49‐58%

• No consensus on surgical repair of TR during LVAD therapy• Incidence of RV failure in clinically significant TR has been reported 

up to  75% and 12% in mild or lesser TR

Piacentino et al. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2011; Saeed et al. JHLT 2011Potapov et al. JHLT 2008

Page 4: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Yost GL et al. J Artif Organs. 2016 Mar;19(1):21‐8.

Page 5: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Kalogeropoulos AP et al. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015 Dec;34(12):1595‐603

Page 6: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Tricuspid Regurgitation in LVAD patientsSystematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

• No early mortality benefit with Tricuspid surgery• Tricuspid Surgery increased cardio‐pulmonary bypass time

Dunlay et al. ASAIO Journal 2016

Page 7: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Tricuspid Regurgitation in LVAD patientsSystematic Review and Meta‐Analysis 

• No early mortality benefit with Tricuspid surgery• Studies have contradictory findings with some showing benefit and 

others not showing benefits

Veen et al. EJCTS 2018

Page 8: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Tricuspid Regurgitation in LVAD patientsSystemic Review and Meta‐analysis 

• Similar risk for RV Failure, RVAD implantation            No Survival Advantage with TV surgery

Veen et al. EJCTS 2018

Page 9: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Tricuspid Regurgitation in LVAD patientsPresence of Atrial Fibrillation

• No early mortality Benefit• Presence of AF increased progression of tricuspid regurgitation

Anwer et al. ASAIO Journal 2017

Page 10: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Mitral Regurgitation in LVAD patients• Resolution of MR across all severities with stand‐alone LVAD

Dobrovie et al. EJCTS 2017; Morgan et al. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017

Page 11: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Mitral Regurgitation in LVAD patients• Similar Improvement of Hemodynamics and survival outcomes 

irrespective MR severity

Morgan et al. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017

Page 12: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Mitral Regurgitation in LVAD patients Systematic Review

• No additional improvement in Hemodynamics or Survival

Choi et al. Artificial Organs 2018

Page 13: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Mitral Regurgitation in LVAD patients INTERMACS Data

• Similar survival outcomes with or without concomitant MV surgery in LVAD

• Increased hospital readmission without concomitant MV surgery

Robertson et al. JHLT 2018

SURVIVAL                                                                    FREEDOM FROM FIRST HOSPITAL READMISSION

Page 14: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Mitral Regurgitation in LVAD patients Role of Mitraclip prior to LVAD

• No additional improvement in Hemodynamics• Progression of heart failure requiring LVAD

Schmitto et al. Journal of Thoracic Disease 2018

Page 15: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Valve Regurgitation in LVAD patients: Mock Loop Studies

• Isolated LVAD provided sufficient support in the setting of severe MR or TR compared with control

• Presence of BiVAD improved flows and RA pressure compared to LVAD alone in both MR and TR 

• Current findings are consistent with conservative management of MR and TR in the setting of mechanical support

Shehab et al. ASAIO Journal 2018

Page 16: Mechanical Circulatory Devices: Contemporary Long-Term

Regurgitation in LVAD patients

• Single center studies that demonstrate some clinical benefit• Larger patient series and meta‐analysis currently do not support routine valve repair

• Most MR can be addressed through pump management and reverse remodeling of the LV

• Most TR is a manifestation of chronic LV dysfunction and late presentation • RV dysfunction/failure is clearly associated with poor long term outcomes• Heterogeneous patient population makes it difficult to make broad surgical recommendations

• In selected patients there is probably a benefit to having no volume overloading valvular pathology