mecanismo de defensa diapos

8/18/2019 Mecanismo de Defensa Diapos

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MECANISMOS DE

DEFENSA RESPIRATORIOMILTON CUSI

CHRISTOPHER CORTEZ

KEVIN DIAZLUIS DURAND

DAVID GUTIÉRREZSHEILA CUBAS LUCA



Recuerdo anatomico

Función principa! in"#rca$%i& 'a(#&(&) S# *i+i*# a ni+# *# car"ia'& cric&i*#( #n!



Tracto respiratorio inferior



INTRODUCCIÓN

E (i("#$a r#(pira"&ri& (up&n# una 'ran,r#a *# c&n"ac"& c&n # #-"#ri&r) Para#+ar a ca$%i& # in"#rca$%i& 'a(#&(& (##("i$a .u# # (i("#$a r#(pira"&ri& (##-p&n# a *iari& a un&( /0)000 i"r&( *#air#1 .u# in"r&*uc#n nu$#r&(a( par"2cua(3 $icr&&r'ani($&( p&"#ncia$#n"#n&ci+&( 4a("a a (up#r5ci# a+#&ar)

E air# pu#*# (#r 6r2&1 (#c&1 (uci& & c&np&+&1 & c&n"a$ina*& c&n$icr&&r'ani($&( 37& (u("ancia( .u2$ica(.u# pu#*#n (#r n&ci+a()



Los aentes pat!enos pertenecen a di"ersascateor#as$

A'#n"#( in6#cci&(&(! +iru(1 %ac"#ria(1 4&n'&(1 par,(i"&()

Ga(#( "ó-ic&( & irri"an"#(! 4u$& *# "a%ac&1 an42*ri*& (u6ur&(&1&9&n&1 ó-i*&( ni"r&(&(1 CO1 &-2'#n& #n a"a( c&nc#n"raci&n#()

Su("ancia( .u2$ica( canc#r2'#na(! 4u$& *# "a%ac&1c&n"a$inan"#( a$%i#n"a#(

Par"2cua( in&r',nica(! (2ic#1 a(%#("&(1 car%ón1 4i#rr&1 #"c)

Par"2cua( &r',nica(! pó#n#(1 #(p&ra( *# 4&n'&(1 #n9i$a()

Dr&'a(! u"ii9a*a( p&r +2a &ca :a#r&(&#(1 '&"a( na(a#(; &(i("<$ica)

S#cr#ci&n#(! (#cr#ci&n#( %uc&6ar2n'#a(1 ',("rica)

Cu#rp&( #-"ra=&(! ai$#n"&(1 pi#9a( *#n"a#(1 #"c)

Ra*iaci&n#(! ra*i&"#rapia1 ra*iaci&n#( a$%i#n"a#()



L&( $#cani($&( *# pr&"#cción (#*i+i*#n #n *&( 'ran*#( 'rup&(! un& &

c&n("i"u3#n &( $#cani($&( .u# ac">an#n 6&r$a in#(p#c25ca1 #( *#cir1 .u##?#rc#n ac"i+i*a* (i$iar c&n"ra 'rann>$#r& *# a'#n"#(1 # &"r& & 6&r$an

&( $#cani($&( *# ac"i+i*a* #(p#c25ca) L&( $#cani($&( in#(p#c25c&( (&nin4#r#n"#( a a c&n("i"ución *#in*i+i*u&) L&( $#cani($&(in#(p#c25c&( 3 #(p#c25c&( ac">an(i$u",n#a$#n"#1 *# $&*& .u# (u(acci&n#( (# (u$an)



DEFENSAS INESPECIFICAS

E (i("#$a in$un# inna"& & in#(p#c25c&*# "rac"& r#(pira"&ri& #( a pri$#ra 2n#a*# *#6#n(a *# 6r#n"# a pa"ó'#n&( 3 (u

6unción #( 6un*a$#n"a para $an"#n#r a+2a a<r#a #("<ri) La c&n6&r$an a.u#&($#cani($&( *# *#6#n(a n& #(p#c25c&(.u# (# ac"i+an para c&$%a"ir ##$#n"&(

%i&ó'ic&( #-"ra=&(1 in*#p#n*i#n"#$#n"#*# a na"ura#9a *# #("&() En"r# #&(#nc&n"ra$&( "&(1 "ran(p&r"# $uc&ciiar16ac"&r#( 4u$&ra#( 3 6ac"&r#( c#uar#()



ESTRUCTURA DE LA NARIZ La( #("ruc"ura( ana"ó$ica( in"rana(a#( #(",n c&n6&r$a*a( p&r

# +#("2%u& na(a 3 a ca+i*a* na(a1 a$%a( (#para*a( p&r #&("iu$ in"#rn& & +,+ua na(a1 .u# #( a p&rción .u# &6r#c#

$a3&r r#(i("#ncia a air# in(pira*&) E air# (#c& #( ca#n"a*& in("an",n#a$#n"# a a "#$p#ra"urac&rp&ra 3 c&$p#"a$#n"# 4u$i*i5ca*& *uran"# (u "r,n(i"&na(a)

Duran"# a r#(piración "ran.uia1 a nari9 #( capa9 *# ca#n"ar a

@C 3 (a"urar c&$p#"a$#n"# # air# in(pira*&) Duran"# ##?#rcici&1 #n ca$%i&1 p&r a $a3&r can"i*a* 3 a"a +#&ci*a* *#air#1 a( 6&(a( na(a#( n& acan9an a cu$pir #("# c&$#"i*&1 #cua #( c&$p#"a*& p&r a( +2a( a<r#a( $,( %a?a()



FILTRACIÓN

La #5cacia *# a nari9 para 5"rar a( par"2cua(in4aa*a( *#p#n*# *# "a$a=& *# a( $i($a()La( par"2cua( $a3&r#( a &( $icró$#"r&( .u#*ana*4#ri*a( a $&c& na(a 3 p&("#ri&r$#n"# #n un

ap(& *# ar#*#*&r *# "r#in"a $inu"&( (&n"ran(p&r"a*a( p&r # $#cani($& *# i$pi#9a$uc&ciiar 4acia a na(&6arin'#1 para (#r*#'u"i*a( ?un"& c&n a (ai+a)

An"#( *# (#r *#'u"i*a( pa(an (&%r# # "#?i*&a*#n&i*#&1 *&n*# &( an"2'#n&( in4aa*&( #n"ran#n c&n"ac"& *ir#c"& c&n a( $uc&(a( 3 #n"ra #nacción # (i("#$a in$un#)



FLUIDO O MOCO

E(", c&$pu#("& *# a *# a'ua11 a @ *# $ucina 3 *# / a *###c"r&i"&() S# pr&*uc# c&$& p#.u#=a(

'&"a( .u# a unir(# 6&r$an c&rp>(cu&('&%&(&( c&n 'ran capaci*a* paraa%(&r%#r *i+#r(&( $a"#ria#( a (u(up#r5ci#)



La "&( #( un ac"& r##?&1 .u# "a$%i<npu#*# (#r pr&+&ca*& +&un"aria$#n"##( un $#cani($& *#6#n(i+& *#("ina*&a $an"#n#r *#(p#?a*a( a( +2a(r#(pira"&ria()

E @ *# a( p#r(&na( (ana(1 n&6u$a*&ra(1 "i#n# "&(1 c&n & (in#-p#c"&ración1 cuan*& (# #+an"a p&ra $a=ana)

S# 4a c&$pr&%a*& #("a*2("ica$#n"#.u# &( in*i+i*u&( "i#n#n #n"r# 3 @r#(6ria*&( a a=&)

E r#(6ria*& c&$>n #( a cau(a *# *# &( ca(&( c&n "&()

E /@ *# a( p#r(&na( $a3&r#("i#n#n "&( crónica

TOS



Ha("a ci#r"& 'ra*& a "&( pu#*# c&n"r&ar(#+&un"aria$#n"# & pu#*# (#r #("ric"a$#n"#r##?a)

E-i("#n r#c#p"&r#( para a "&( #n *i6#r#n"#(par"#( *# apara"& r#(pira"&ri& incu3#n*& a

&r&6arin'#1 arin'#1 "r,.u#a 3 'ran*#(%r&n.ui&( Ta$%i<n (# $#nci&nan #n # cana au*i"i+&

#-"#rn&)



C2nica$#n"#1 a "&( (#*#5n# c&$& una$ani&%ra r#(pira"&ria%ru(ca 3 #-p&(i+a .u#.ui#r# #i$inar #$a"#ria pr#(#n"# #n a(+2a( r#(pira"&ria()

Consta de tres fases$ ap#r"ura *# a '&"i(

c&n in(piración1

ci#rr# *# a '&"i( c&n

c&n"racción *# &($>(cu&( r#(pira"&ri&(1

ap#r"ura %ru(ca *# a'&"i( c&n #-pu(ión*# air# r#"#ni*& #n &(pu$&n#()



La tos (# pr&*uc#p&r a

#("i$uaciónina$a"&ria1$#c,nica).u2$ica & "<r$ica

*# &( r#c#p"&r#(*# a "&(

ESTIMULOS QUE PRODUCEN LA TOS



/) iniciar %i#n *# 6&r$a +&un"aria & %i#n c&$&$#cani($& r##?&

C&$& r##?& *#6#n(i+& "i#n# +2a( (in"&$a"ica(c&$& a(in"&$a"ica()

La parte sintomatica c&$pr#n*# r#c#p"&r#(*#n"r& *# a *i("ri%ución (#n(&ria *# &( n#r+i&("ri'<$in&1 '&(&6ar2n'#&1 ar2n'#& (up#ri&r 3 +a'&

La parte asintomatica c&$pr#n*# # n#r+i&r#curr#n"# ar2n'#& :.u# pr&*uc# # ci#rr# *# a'&"i(; 3 &( n#r+i&( #(pina#( :.u# pr&*uc#nc&n"racción *# a $u(cua"ura "&r,cica 3a%*&$ina;)

MECANISMO

DE LA TOS



) un #("2$u& apr&pia*& .u# inicia una in(piraciónpr&6un*a

@) ci#rr# *# a '&"i(1 r#a?ación *ia6ra'$,"ica 3 unac&n"racción $u(cuar 6r#n"# a a '&"i( c#rra*a *#6&r$a .u# (# pr&*uc# # $,-i$& *# pr#(iónp&(i"i+a *#n"r& *# "óra- 3 *# a( +2a( r#(pira"&ria(

) pr#(i&n#( p&(i"i+a( in"ra "&r,cica( *an u'ar a un#("r#c4a$i#n"& *# a "r,.u#a a "ra+<( *# unpi#'u# *# a $#$%rana p&("#ri&r1 $,( #,("ica

) Una +#9 .u# (# a%r# a '&"i(1 a c&$%inación *#una 'ran *i6#r#ncia *# pr#(i&n#( #n"r# a( +2a(

r#(pira"&ria( 3 a a"$ó(6#ra ?un"& c&n #("##("r#c4a$i#n"& "ra.u#a pr&*uc# u?&( a "ra+<(*# a "r,.u#a cu3a +#&ci*a* (# apr&-i$a a a *#(&ni*&



A%u(& *# "a%ac&) Tra.u#&%r&n.ui"i() In(u5ci#ncia car*iaca

c&n'#("i+a) A($a) Causas menos

comunes de tos Cu#rp& #-"ra=&

"ra.u#&%r&n.uia) An#uri($a *# a a&r"a

"&r,cica)

Tu$&r) N#&pa(ia pu$&nar) Irri"ación

*ia6ra'$,"ica) Otras causas de tos

Larin'i"i() Irri"an"#( .u2$ic&() Fi%r&(i( in"#r("icia) An(i#*a*)

CAUSAS DE TOS



Los estímulos mecánicos (# pr&*uc#n p&r a

in4aación *# par"2cua(!p&+& cu#rp&( #-"ra=&(1a6#c"ación 'ranu&$a"&(a *#in"#ri&r *# &( %r&n.ui&(1 3 a

c&nc#n"ración *# &($>(cu&( i(&( *# a( +2a(r#(pira"&ria( :a($a%r&n.uia;)La pr#(ión & "#n(ión (&%r#a( +2a( r#(pira"&ria( (#pr&*uc#1 p&r & '#n#ra1 p&r#(i&n#( .u# (# a(&cian c&n

un *#(c#n(& #n a #a("ici*a*pu$&nar E?#$p&( *# cau(a(

#(p#c25ca( (&n a( 5%r&(i(in"#r("icia#( a'u*a( 3crónica(1 # #*#$a pu$&nar3 a( a"##c"a(ia(

ESTIMULOS QUE PRODUCEN LA TOS



Estimu%aci!n infamatoria (# inicia p&r # #*#$a 3 a 4ip#r#$ia *#a( $uc&(a( r#(pira"&ria(1 c&$& &curr##n a %r&n.ui"i( %ac"#riana & +2rica1 #r#(6ria*& c&$>n1 3 # c&n(u$& #-c#(i+&

*# ci'arri&() Dic4&( #("2$u&( pu#*#n (ur'ir %i#n #na( +2a( r#(pira"&ria( :c&$& &curr# #n aarin'i"i(1 %r&n.ui"i( 3 %r&n.ui&i"i(; &%i#n #n &( a+#&&( :c&$& &curr# #n a

n#u$&ni"i( 3 #n &( a%(c#(&(pu$&nar#(;)



Estímulos químicos

pu#*#n pr&*ucir(# a par"ir *# ain4aación *# 'a(#( irri"an"#(1 #n"r# &(.u# 5'uran!

# 4u$&1 *# "a%ac& 3 &( +ap&r#(

.u2$ic&()Muc4&( &"r&( 6,r$ac&( pu#*#n #?#rc#r#6#c"&( a*+#r(&( (&%r# # apara"&r#(pira"&ri& 3 a "ra+<( *# #&( cau(ar "&()

& %os estímulos térmicos

pu#*#n *#%#r(# a a in4aación *# air#1$u3 cai#n"# & $u3 6r2&)

' %



Factores 'umora%esinespec#(cos

S&n $&<cua( c&n ac"i+i*a* %ac"#rici*a 3

pr&pi#*a*#( an"i+ira#(1 a(2$i($& (#un#n a a( par"2cua( n&ci+a( c&n a5nai*a* *# 6acii"ar (u r#c&n&ci$i#n"&)

S&n par"# *# a( (#cr#ci&n#( $uc&(a(.u# (# 4aan #n a (up#r5ci# #pi"#ia *#a +2a a<r#a) La( (#cr#ci&n#( $uc&(a(

*#(arr&an una i$p&r"an"# 6unción*#"&-i5can*& $&<cua( n&ci+a(1 a(2c&$& a"rapan*& 3 #i$inan*& "an"&par"2cua( c&$& pa"ó'#n&( *# a +2aa<r#a 'racia( a a( pr&pi#*a*#( *# $&c&



Mucinas Principa c&$p&n#n"# *# $&c& #n

c&n*ici&n#( n&r$a#(1 (&n pr&"#2na('ic&(ia*a( *# 'ran "a$a=& c&n(#cu#ncia( *# r#p#"ición #n ",n*#$ *#a$in&,ci*&( *# (#rina 3 "r#&nina:c&n("i"u3#n &( u'ar#( *# unión *#'ran*#( #("ruc"ura( *# car%&4i*ra"&(;

La( principa#( $ucina( (#cr#"&ra( (&n1

pr#*&$inan"#$#n"#1 MUCAC 3 MUCB 3#n $#n&r pr&p&rción MUC1 MUCJ 3MUC/ a( principa#( $ucina( a(&cia*a(a a $#$%rana (&n MUC/1 MUC1

MUC//1MUC/@1 MUC/1MUC0)



Mucina(

F&r$an'ran*#(

#("ruc"ura(&i'&$#rica(.u# 6&r$an

a 6a(# '#*# $&c& 3 #

i$par"#npr&pi#*a*#(

+i(c&#,("ica(1

a(&cia*a( a a$#$%rana

a( (#cr#"a*a(

Funci&nanc&$&r#c#p"&r#(

*# (up#r5ci#c#uar parapa"ó'#n&( 3para ac"i+ar

+2a( *#(#=ai9ación

#-"rac#uar)



P)ptidos antimicro*ianos

S&n $&<cua( c&n r#'i&n#( 4i*ró6&%a( 3r#'i&n#( car'a*a( p&(i"i+a$#n"#)

S# 4an i*#n"i5ca*& "r#( 6a$iia( *#p<p"i*&( an"i$icr&%ian&( #n 4u$an&(!D#6#n(ina(1 ca"#ici*ina( # 4i("a"ina()

Su $#cani($& *# acción an"i$icr&%iana(# #+a a ca%& p&r a in"#racción

##c"r&(","ica #n"r# a car'a p&(i"i+a #n"r#& p<p"i*&( 3 a( car'a( n#'a"i+a( *# apar#* %ac"#riana) Si'ui#n"# pa(& c&n(i("##n a p#r$#a%ii9ación *# a $#$%rana

%ac"#riana)



$#*ia*&r#( #n a ina$ación1 c&n #6#c"& (&%r#

c<ua( #pi"#ia#( 3 c<ua( ina$a"&ria()

In*ucción *# (i("#$a in$un#

cica"ri9ación *# 4#ri*a(

i%#ración *# ci"&.uina(

.ui$i&"a-i(

$an"#ni$i#n"& *# #.uii%ri& #n"r# pr&"#a(a( an"ipr&"#a(a()



Lactoferrina

1(# 4aa #n a((#cr#ci&n#(r#(pira"&ria( 3 .u#

#( (#cr#"a*a p&r a(c<ua( #pi"#ia#( 3p&r &( n#u"ró5&()

ac">a pri+an*& a &($icr&&r'ani($&( *#un nu"ri#n"##(#ncia para (u(up#r+i+#ncia! #Hi#rr&)

ac"i+i*a*%ac"#rici*a *ir#c"a

p&"#nciar a ac"i+i*a* *# aI'A (#cr#"&ra :(I'A;)

La ac"&6#rrina pu#*#*a=ar a $#$%rana

#-"#rna *# &( %aci&(Gra$ n#'a"i+&(1 cau(an*&a i%#ración *# $&<cua(ip&p&i(ac,ri*a( *# apar#* %ac"#riana 3

(#n(i%ii9an*& a &($icr&&r'ani($&( 6r#n"# a*i6#r#n"#( an"i%ió"ic&( 3 a&"r&( a'#n"#()



Liso+ima E( una pr&"#2na pr&*uci*a

p&r # #pi"#i& r#(pira"&ri&

3 p&r &( n#u"ró5&() Ti#n# ac"i+i*a*

an"i%ac"#riana 6r#n"# apa"ó'#n&( Gra$ p&(i"i+&(3 Gra$ n#'a"i+&(

E( a $,( a%un*an"# *#a( pr&"#2na(an"i$icr&%iana( #n a((#cr#ci&n#( r#(pira"&ria()

Ti#n# #6#c"& (in<r'ic& c&na ac"&6#rrina #n aac"i+i*a* an"i%ac"#riana6r#n"# a &( Gra$n#'a"i+&()

L&( ni+##( *# i(&9i$apr&*uci*&( p&r a(

c<ua( #pi"#ia#( (#c&rr#aci&nan c&n a#i$inación *# &(pa"ó'#n&( .u# in+a*#na +2a a<r#a) Di6#r#n"#(#("u*i&( #-p#ri$#n"a#(#n ra"ón "ran('<nic&$u#("ran .u# &( ni+##(##+a*&( *# i(&9i$a (#r#aci&nan c&n una$a3&r #i$inación 3*#("rucción *# %ac"#ria(in&cua*a( a (i("#$ar#(pira"&ri&)



Co%ectinas

Pr&"#2na( *# a 6a$iia

*# a( #c"ina( 3r#ci%#n (u n&$%r# p&r(u (#$#?an9a ac&,'#n& .u# p&(##una par"# *# (u#("ruc"ura)

En"r# a #c"ina( *#apara"& r#(pira"&ri&

#nc&n"ra$&( a(pr&"#2na( *#(ur6ac"an"# :SP;1 SPD3 SPA)

La SPA i'a &(ip&p&i(ac,ri*&( #in*uc# a6a'&ci"&(i( *#

a( %ac"#ria(Gra$ n#'a"i+a(p&r $acró6a'&(a+#&ar#() La SPD n& in*uc#6a'&ci"&(i()



FACTORES CELULARES

E c&$p&n#n"# c#uar *# (i("#$a *# *#6#n(a inna"a pu$&nar #(",c&n("i"ui*a p&r *i("in"&( 'rup&( *# c<ua( #pi"#ia#(1 c&n capaci*a**# 6a'&ci"&(i(1 c&n capaci*a* ci"&ci*a1 c<ua( .u# par"icipan #n aina$ación 3 pr#(#n"a*&ra( *# an"2'#n&()



FACTORES CELULARESE("&( 'rup&( *# c<ua( r#c&n&c#n

a &( $icr&&r'ani($&( 'racia( a a*#"#cción *# pa"r&n#( $&#cuar#(c&$un#( a *i+#r(&( 'rup&( *#pa"ó'#n&( :PAMP(;) L&( PAMP( (&n#("ruc"ura( & pr&*uc"&( c&n("an"#(#n # $#"a%&i($& $icr&%ian&1

#(#ncia#( para a (up#r+i+#ncia 3ac"i+i*a* *# &( $icr&&r'ani($&( 3.u# n& #(",n pr#(#n"#( #n #&r'ani($& 4u$an&) L&( r#c#p"&r#(#ncar'a*&( *# a *#"#cción *# &(*i6#r#n"#( PAMP( (&n &(r#c#p"&r#( *# r#c&n&ci$i#n"& *#pa"rón :PRR(; 3 (# *i+i*#n #n @'rup&(! &( (&u%#(1 &( *#$#$%rana 3 &( in"rac#uar#()

Cuan*& &( PRR( in"#racci&nanc&n &( r#(p#c"i+&( PAMP( (#pr&+&ca a 6a'&ci"&(i( *# &($icr&&r'ani($&()



C,LULAS EPITELIALES

Su( 6unci&n#( *#6#n(i+a( c&n(i("#n #n a #i$inación

*# &( a'#n"#( n&ci+&( $#*ian"# &( $&+i$i#n"&(c&&r*ina*&( *# (u( cii&(1 # r#c&n&ci$i#n"& *##("ruc"ura( *# pa"ó'#n&( 'racia( a &( r#c#p"&r#( *#r#c&n&ci$i#n"& *# pa"rón :PRR(; 3 a &( "&i#

r#c#p"&r( :TLR;1 3 a i%#ración *# *i+#r(a( pr&"#2na(3 p<p"i*&( an"i$icr&%ian&( .u# ac">an &ca$#n"#c&$& an"i%ió"ic&( #n*ó'#n&( (&%r# &( a'#n"#(n&ci+&()

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C,LULAS FA-OC.TICAS

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C,LULAS CITOCIDAS NATURALES O DE /ILLER 0ONATURAL /ILLER1

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C,LULAS DENDR.TICAS



MECANISMOS DEDEFENSA ESPEC.FICOS

ADAPTATI4OS OINMUNOLÓ-ICOS

E apara"& r#(pira"&ri& #( un&*# &( pri$#r&( (i("#$a(c&$pr&$#"i*&( #n a( 6aa( *#(i("#$a in$un#1 a*#$,( #

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na(a#( 4a("a &( pu$&n#()



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Los mecanismos de defensa espec#(cosadaptati"os o inmuno%!icos

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4u$&ra#(:in$un&'&%uina(;:In$uni*a*

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R#pu#("a( in$uni"aria( $#*ia*a( p&r c<ua( :In$uni*a*c#uar;

I$pica a 6&r$ación *# c<ua( #(p#ciai9a*a( .u#

r#acci&nan c&n &( an"2'#n&( #-"ra=&( (i"ua*&( (&%r# a(up#r5ci# *# a( c<ua( *# 4u<(p#*1 %i#n (#a *#("ru3#n*&# an"2'#n& & in*uci#n*& a &"ra( c<ua( & *#("ruir&)



Los mecanismos de defensaespec#(cos 'umora%es

La( (#cr#ci&n#( r#(pira"&ria( c&n"i#n#nin$un&'&%uina( .u# ac">an #n 6&r$a#(p#c25ca c&n"ra *i6#r#n"#(

$icr&&r'ani($&( p&r +ari&( $#cani($&(! I$pi*i#n*& (u a*4#(ión a r#c#p"&r#(c#uar#()

Op(&ni(,n*&&( 3 a'u"in,n*&&(1 & .u#

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.u# &( *#("ru3# 37& inicia un pr&c#(&

ina$a"&ri&)



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4#$ó5&(; 3 &( #("a5&c&c&()



Factores 'umora%es In$un&'&%uina( &ca#(:I' A;En a( (#cr#ci&n#( $uc&(a(:(ai+a1 ,'ri$a(1 ca&("r&1ui*&( 'a("r&in"#("ina#(1

secreci!n nasa% 5 *ron6uia%3 &rina;1 a( c<ua(pa($,"ica( &ca#( pu#*#npr&*ucir I'A c&$& I'Ap&i$<rica :I'Ap;1 ca(i#-cu(i+a$#n"# #n 6&r$a *#

*2$#r&( uni*&( p&r unaca*#na 3 c&n un c&$p&n#n"#(#cr#"&ri& :I'AS;)



La 6&r$ación *# #("a I'A*#p#n*# *# a c&a%&ración

*# in6&ci"&( T) La I'A *#$uc&(a( #( pr&*uci*a p&rc<ua( pa($,"ica( #n6&r$a *# I'A *i$<rica c&nuna ca*#na *# unión) S#

un# 3 6&r$a c&$p#?&(c&+a#n"#( c&n # r#c#p"&r*# I' p&i$<rica1 pr#(#n"##n a cara %a(&a"#ra *# a(c<ua( #pi"#ia#( #n$uc&(a()

Secreci!n de anticuerpos en e% tracto respiratorio superior ante %a presencia de% Streptococcus pneumoniae&

F i d % I A



Funciones de %a I ACa*a *2a (# $&+ii9an $,( *# 0 *# a( c<ua( in$un#(para r#(i("ir p&(i%#( in6#cci&n#() La I'A c&n # c&$p&n#n"#(#cr#"&ri& :I'AS; in"#r+i#n# #n 6&r$a crucia #n a

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I AconI As

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innata

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%apenetraci!n deoranismos en

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FACTORES CELULARES

ESPEC.FICOS$

La acti"idad especi(ca c&$& (u n&$%r# &in*ica #( a r#(pu#("a #(p#ci5ca a un a'#n"##-"ra=& 1 & un an"2'#n& *# cu#rp& )

78ui)nes son reconocidos como



2acterias

Viru(

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78uienes se encaran de %ainmunidad ce%u%ar especi(ca9



L&( in6&ci"&( T 3 &( in6&ci"&( B (&n &(

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pu#*# (#r *#p#n*i#n"# T & T in*#p#n*i#n"# 1 #( *#cir .u# a'un&( (#pu#*#n ac"i+ar p&r $#*i& *# in6&ci"& T 3&"r&( n&)

La( p&*#$&( #nc&n"rar #n # "#?i*&

in6,"ic& #n # ca(& *# (i("#$ar#(pira"&ri& pu$&nar)

M i % % !



Mecanismo en e% pu%m!n En # (i("#$a r#(pira"&ri& p&*#$&(

#nc&n"rar a &( in6&ci"&( T :CD & CDJ; 3B c&$& "#?i*&( in6,"ic&( &r'ani9a*&( 3n& &r'ani9a*&( #n"r# a( c<ua(#pi"#ia#( *# a $uc&(a *# a +2a a<r#a)

L&( in6&ci"&( B (# #ncu#n"ran$a3&r$#n"# #n # ,r%& %r&n.uia "an"&#n # "#?i*& in6,"ic& &r'ani9a*& c&$& n&

&r'ani9a*&

Mecanismo en e% pu%m!n



Mecanismo en e% pu%m!nLa( c<ua( *#n*r2"ica( (&n c<ua( pr#(#n"a*&r#( *# an"2'#n& #n# (i("#$a r#(pira"&ri& 1 #("a( (# #ncar'an *# cap"ar a &(

an"2'#n&( )

E("a( c<ua( pr#(#n"an una( 'uc&pr&"#ina( a$a*a( c&$p#?& *#4i("&c&$pa"i%ii*a* : I & II; 1 .u# (&n r#c&n&ci*a( p&r &( CD 3 CDJr#(p#c"i+a$#n"# )

Una +#9 r#c&n&ci*a( &( in6&ci"&( &( in6&ci"&( p&(##n r#c#p"&r#( T .u# r#c&n&c#n a &( #pi"&p&( *# &( an"2'#n&( 1 #("&( #pi"&p&((&n (#ri#( *# $acr&$&<cua( .u# (# #ncu#n"ran #n &( an"2'#n&(3 .u# (&n r#c&n&ci*&( p&r &( r#c#p"&r#( T )

L " * 6 % "



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pa($,"ica( pr&*uc"&ra( *# an"icu#rp& 3 c&n #("& a*#'ra*ación *# an"2'#n&) A*#$a( (# pr&*uc#n c#ua( T 4#p#r 3 c#ua( T ci"&i"ica( .u#

#+an un an"2'#n& Tcr #n (u (up#r5ci# c&$& $#$&ria ) a .u#(i +u#+# a pr#(#n"ar(# # $i($& an"i'#n& p&r (#'un*a +#9 1#("a( ac"i+an r,pi*a$#n"# a &( in6&ci"&( B 3 a"acan c&n $a3&r

+#&ci*a* # in"#n(i*a* a an"2'#n&) L&( CDJ pr&$u#+#n a ap&p"&(i( *# a( c#ua( *iana (in cau(ar

*a=& a a( c#ua( a a( &"ra( c#ua( c#rcana( a #a)



Conc%usiones

EL (i("#$a *# *#6#n(a pu$&nar 6&r$an 'ran*#( c&$p#?&(.u# #+i"an # a"a.u# *# par"2cua( n&ci+a( para a (au*1"#n#$&( *#(*# a( %arr#ra( ana"ó$ica( .u# n& p#r$i"#n a#n"ra*a *# a( par"2cua( 3 a.u#&( (i("#$a( .u# #-pu(an a#("a( par"2cua( (i #( .u# #'ar&n a (#r p#n#"ra*&(1 a*#$,(

"#n#$&( a r#(pu#("a in$un&ó'ica "an"& 4u$&ra c&$&inna"a .u# #(",n c&$pu#("a( p&r 6ac"&r#( c#uar 34u$&ra#() E("a( (# #ncar'an *# $an"#n#r a pu$ón (an&1#("<ri 3 6unci&na)

V#$&( .u# (&n 'ran*#( c&$p#?&( 3 p&r & "an"& (i a'un&( *##&( #'a a 6aar & p&(## una *i(6unción %i#n (#a p&r'#n<"ica & p&r a*.ui(ición1 #n"&nc#( (# 4a%ar, *# pa"&&'2a(#n # (i("#$a1 c&n*uci#n*& a 'ran*#( *a=&( #n # (i("#$apu$&nar p&r par"# *# &( an"2'#n&( & par"2cua( .u# in'r#(ana cu#rp& .u# %i#n pu#*# #'ar a (#r crónica( & a'u*a()



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mecanismo de defensa diapos

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