European Biomass Conference

May 27-31, Lisbon, Portugal

Measurement of the GBEP

indicators in Kenya and links to the

bioeconomy in Africa

Outline

• Background Kenya

• GBEP Kenya

• Pathways

• Outcomes

• Challenges

• Links to bioeconomy and circular economy

• Conclusions Strategic view

(KNBS 2018 &World Bank report, 2017)

Sources of energy in Kenya

Cont.

Kenya %

Access to Electricity (% of population) 56.00

(2018)

Energy Imports Net (% of energy use) 17.17

(2014)

Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (Coal, oil,

petroleum, and natural gas products.) (% of

total)

17.38

(2014)

Background

• In sub-Saharan Africa, 72 % of urban and 98% of rural

households use fuelwood for energy.

• In Kenya use of charcoal in urban areas has risen by 64 % in

two decades.

• charcoal industry provides employment to 500,000 people and

generates over US$427 million but kept out of the formal

economies of this country (Njenga, 2018)

• A ban in 2018 for charcoal production

(Transrisk, 2018)

Projected annual biomass energy consumption/supply (in thousands) in Kenya

KIPPRA (2010)

Project activities

Validation and final workshop

Indicators measure-

ment

Database analysis

Indicators method-

logy

Selection of

pathways

National workshop

Advisory board: Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of EnergyDirectorate for Climate Change

Pathways

• Sources: horticulture, food crops, industrial crops, livestock and fisheries.

• Food crops: maize (3500 kt/y), wheat (400 kt/y), rice (120 kt/y), Sorghum (170 kt/y), beans (620 kt/y), roots and tubers like potatoes (1630 kt/y), sweet potatoes (760 kt/y) and cassava (870 kt/y).

Sugar cane bagasse briquettes used in the tea industry

Charcoal from rangeland and farmland used in households

Industrial usesStrathmore University

Industrial crops: tea (400 kt/y), coffee (42 kt/y) and sugar cane (6000 kt/). Residues: husks, cobs, the shells, bagasse or straw for energy, fodder, compositing, mulching among other uses.

Kenya charcoal

Transrisk, 2018

Main issues Pathway 1

• Sugar cane bagasse alternative use

• Benefits from GHG reduction

• New sector producing briquettes

• Tea sector interested in using other type of biomass

• Technical improvement of boilers needed

• Job creation but unskilled

• Transport (distance) still a challenge

• Briquettes other uses such as vegetable oil companies, food,

tanneries

• Restriction to sugar belt

Sugar cane bagasse briquettes

Tea factories

Main issues Pathway 2

• Definitions of rangeland and farmland

• Ban of charcoal in 2018 but charcoal is still produced and

imported from Uganda

• Use of modern cooking stoves and traditional vs improved

charcoal production

• Policies in place but no enforcement; no cogeneration

• Preferred species Acacia

Kenya Ceramic Jiko (KCJ) Improved charcoal stove( by Ecozoom, Envirofit and Burn Manufacturing

Major institutions in the charcoal sector in Kenya

Min

istr

ies/

par

asta

tals

Reg

ulat

ory

inst

itut

ions

Res

earc

h

Civ

il

Soci

ety

Ministry of

Energy and

Petroleum

Ministry of

Environment and

Natural

resources

Ministry of Lands

and Physical

planning

KENGEN

GDC KETRACO

REA Kenya

Pipeline

National

Oil

Nuclear

electricity

board

Kenya

Power

Kenya Petroleum Refineries

Energy

regulatory

commission

NEMA KWS KFS National land

commission

Sub-county

land

control

boards

Kenya Industrial

Research and Dev.

Institution

Kenya Forestry

Research Institute

National council

of science and

technology

Civil society

organisation

Challenges for GBEP indicators

1. Need to adapt the proposed methodology to the selected

pathways mainly solid biomass

2. Data in different organisations (e.g. GIZ, SNV, AECF, Clean

Cooking Alliance, others)

3. Quantitative data may be missing, only from past and ongoing

research

Overcoming challenges

• Data sharing

• Database for first time

• Narrative and proxy

Inputs of GBEP to Kenya bioenergy

• Consolidation of data from different organisations

• Possibilities to improve to modern biomass use

• Links to bioeconomy and circular economy

• Stakeholders engagement

• Policy innovation e.g. cogeneration (amend policy)

• Link to private sector and emerging sectors (briquettes)

• New governance systems with landscape governance

• Continue with agroforestry systems and considerations for ASAL

• Enforce education campaigns to promote modern bioenergy

where costs are feasible (e.g. urban areas)

Links to bioeconomy and circular economy

• Improved supply chains (e.g. macadamia nutshells for

biomass)

• Sustainable production and consumption (SDG 12)

• Circular economy agreement (Rwanda, Nigeria, South Africa)

• East Africa Bioeconomy strategy (BISEA funded by

Bioinnovate)

• Enough data on biomass potential

Croton megalocarpus

Strategic view

Policy

agendas

energyRural development & agriculturetransport

Sustainable development

Environment WAT

ER

industry

Policy agendas

energy Rural development & agriculture transport

Sustainable development

Environment, economic, social, policy

industry Climate change

National/regionalSDGs

BIOECONOMY

Thank you!

Dr Rocio A Diaz Chavez

Stockholm Environment Institute

Africa Centre

Deputy Director for Research

Energy and climate change

programme leader

rocio.diaz-chavez@sei.org