mdg update - unicef · 2020-04-29 · 17 8.8 6.4 3.5 2.8 0.8 regions with the largest number of...

The MDGs are the most successful global anti-poverty initiative in history. They stand for a world of prosperity, equity, freedom, dignity and peace – as embodied in the Millennium Declaration. This publication presents an assessment of progress towards the MDG targets using a selection of child and maternal related MDG indicators. It highlights remaining challenges and lists key interventions that are indispensable to contribute to a post-2015 world fit for all children.

The insert to this publication contains UNICEF’s guiding principles to contribute to the new development agenda and a list of key issues relevant to children for consideration by the international development community for inclusion under the post-2015 development agenda.

Mdg update: accelerate Progress for childrenTowards a Post-2015 development agenda for all children

Global

Latin America & Caribbean

Western Asia

Northern Africa

Oceania

Eastern Asia

Caucasus & Central Asia

South-Eastern Asia

Southern Asia

1990

Percentage of children under age five who are moderately or severely stunted. 2008-20121

chronic undernutrition is highest in sub-Saharan africa and South asia

The conTinuing agenda for children

Key interventions to prevent child under nutrition include:

` Improve women’s nutrition

` Practice early and exclusive breastfeeding

` Provide timely, safe, appropriate and high-quality complementary food

` Appropriate micronutrient interventions

` Reduce the incidence of infectious diseases, such as diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria

` Improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation, stop open defecation and improve overall household hygiene

Sustainable development starts with safe, healthy and well-nourished children

chronic undernutrition is declining but still one in four children were stuntedStunting prevalence, by MDG region, 1990 & 20122

1Source: UNICEF global databases 2013, based on DHS, MICS, and other national surveys. 2Source for stunting trend: UNICEF-WHO-WB Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates, 2012.

Less than 10%

10 – 19%

20 – 29%

30 – 39%

40% or more

Data not available

eradicate extreme Poverty and hungerTarget 1c Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

indicator Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age

Progress ` Underweight prevalence has declined from 25% in 1990 to 15% in 2012 ` 99 million children under-five years of age remain underweight, 162 million are stunted ` Stunting is associated with a weakened immune response and impaired cognitive development among young children - the effects of the latter are irreversible

1Mdg

Southern Asia

South-Eastern Asia


Eastern Asia

Oceania

Northern Africa

Western Asia


Global

60 35

47 28

39 17

37 8

37 38

29 19

29 18

23 11

40 25

41% decline

41% decline

57% decline

79% decline

4% increase

37% decline

38% decline

50% decline

38% decline

1990

2012

Mdg update: accelerate Progress for children

23.5 million Rest of the world 14.9 million

40.6 million Sub-Saharan

Africa 29.8 million

37.8 million

South & West Asia

12.4 million

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Millio

n

South and West Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Rest of world

Number of primary school age children out-of-school,by region,2000-20113

Progress has slowed since 2004, making the goal of universal primary education difficult to achieve

3Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics Fact Sheet, June 2013, No.25. 4Source: UNESCO EFA-GMR, 2012


how to ensure that all boys and girls go to school and receive a quality education?

` Expand early learning opportunities to increase children’s school readiness

` Address specific needs of the most disadvantaged children (e.g. poor, rural, and children with disabilities), especially girls

` Promote child-friendly education for quality enhancement and improved learning outcomes

` Provide alternative delivery mechanisms for those who dropped out or have never been to school

` Ensure safe and protective access to quality education in humanitarian emergencies

Education is the single most powerful investment for development. Educate a girl, you educate a nation.

130 millionattend school but fail to achieve a

minimum level of learning

120 millionwill not reach

grade 4

400 millionattend school and achieve minimum level of learning

Estimates of minimum learning levels among primary school age children4

four out of ten children fail to reach minimum learning levels

Total 102 million

2000 2011

Total 57 million

achieve universal Primary educationTarget 2a Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

indicator ` Net enrolment ratio in primary education ` Survival rate to the last grade of primary education

Progress ` Primary net enrolment ratio (adjusted) increased from 85% in 2000 to 91% in 2011 ` Only three out of four children who start primary school actually finish it

2Mdg

Sub-S

ahar

an A

frica

South

ern

Asia

Ocean

ia

Cauca

sus &

Cen

tral A

siaSou

th-E

aste

rn A

siaW

este

rn A

siaNor

ther

n Afric

a

Latin

Am

erica

& C

aribb

ean

Easte

rn A

sia

Develo

ped

regio

nsDev

elopin

g re

gions

Wor

ld

Primary, secondary and tertiary school gross enrolment rates by sex and region, 2011 (%)5

gender parity in primary education has been achieved


Key interventions to reduce gender disparities in education include:

` Increase demand for education through community-based interventions

` Create inclusive gender-responsive learning environment through child-friendly education

` Tackle multiple drivers of out-of-school children (e.g. gender, poverty and geography) through innovative approaches

` Address gender disparity in access, progression and learning outcomes

Promote gender equalityTarget 3a Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

indicator Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education

Progress ` The MDG target for primary education has been achieved ` In most regions fewer girls are enrolled in secondary school than boys

Investing in children, especially girls, yields high and long-lasting returns for families, societies and future generations

5Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 20116Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics Fact Sheet, June 2013, No.25.

Note: Original source for wealth quintile and urban/rural data: DHS and MICS Surveys from 57 countries

More primary school age girls are out-of-school than boys

3Mdg

0 25 50 75 100

World

Arab States

Sub-Saharan Africa

Central Asia

Central & Eastern Europe

North America & Western Europe

South & West Asia


East Asia & the Pacific

0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100

World

Arab States

Sub-Saharan Africa

Central Asia

Central & Eastern Europe

North America & Western Europe

South & West Asia


East Asia & the Pacific

0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100

Primary Secondary Tertiary

8

14

19

23

30

23

12

10

16

20

25

32

24

13

Richest

Fourth

Middle

Second

Poorest

Rural

Urban

Female

Male

8

14

19

23

30

23

12

10

16

20

25

32

24

13

Richest

Fourth

Middle

Second

Poorest

Rural

Urban

Female

Male

8

14

19

23

30

23

12

10

16

20

25

32

24

13

Richest

Fourth

Middle

Second

Poorest

Rural

Urban

Female

Male

8

14

19

23

30

23

12

10

16

20

25

32

24

13

Richest

Fourth

Middle

Second

Poorest

Rural

Urban

Female

Male

8

14

19

23

30

23

12

10

16

20

25

32

24

13

Richest

Fourth

Middle

Second

Poorest

Rural

Urban

Female

Male

Average rate of male and female out-of-school children of primary school age, by area of residence and wealth quintiles, 57 countries.6

Pneumonia (13%)

Pneumonia (neonatal) (5%)

Other (19%)

Measles (1%)

AIDS (2%)

Meningitis (3%)

Injury (5%)

Malaria (7%)Diarrhoea (8%)

Diarrhoea (neonatal) (1%)Congenital abnormalities (4%)

Other neonatal (3%)Tetanus (1%)

Sepsis/meningitis (5%)

Intrapartum-related complications (10%)

Preterm birth complications (15%)

Pneumonia (neonatal) (5%)

Preterm birth

complications (15%)

Intrapartum-related

complications (10%)

Sepsis/meningitis (5%)

Tetanus (1%)

Other neonatal (3%)

Congenital abnormalities

(4%)

Diarrhoea (neonatal) (1%) Diarrhoea (8%) Malaria (7%)

Injury (5%)

Meningitis (3%)

AIDS (2%)

Measles (1%)

Other (19%)

Pneumonia (13%)

Pneumonia (17%)

diarrhoea (9%)

neonatal (44%)all other (24%)

Sub-S

ahar

an A

frica

South

ern

Asia

Ocean

ia

Cauca

sus &

Cen

tral A

siaSou

th-E

aste

rn A

siaW

este

rn A

siaNor

ther

n Afric

a

Latin

Am

erica

& C

aribb

ean

Easte

rn A

sia

Develo

ped

regio

nsDev

elopin

g re

gions

Wor

ld

177

126

74 73 71 65

73

54 53

15

99 90

98

58 55

36 30 25 22 19 14

6

53 48

0

40

80

120

160

200

Sub-S

ahar

an A

frica

South

ern

Asia

Oce

ania

Cau

casu

s an

d Cen

tral A

sia

South

-eas

tern

Asia

Wes

tern

Asia

Nor

ther

n Afri

ca

Latin

Am

erica

and th

e

Car

ibbea

n Eas

tern

Asia

Dev

elop

ed re

gion

s

Dev

elop

ing

region

s

Wor

ld

Death

s p

er

1,0

00 li

ve b

irth

s

1990 2012 MDG4 target for 2015 177

126

74 73 71 65

73

54 53

15

99 90

98

58 55

36 30 25 22 19 14

6

53 48

0

40

80

120

160

200

Sub-S

ahar

an A

frica

South

ern

Asia

Oce

ania

Cau

casu

s an

d Cen

tral A

sia

South

-eas

tern

Asia

Wes

tern

Asia

Nor

ther

n Afri

ca

Latin

Am

erica

and th

e

Car

ibbea

n Eas

tern

Asia

Dev

elop

ed re

gion

s

Dev

elop

ing

region

s

Wor

ld

Death

s p

er

1,0

00 li

ve b

irth

s

1990 2012 MDG4 target for 2015 177

126

74 73 71 65

73

54 53

15

99 90

98

58 55

36 30 25 22 19 14

6

53 48

0

40

80

120

160

200

Sub-S

ahar

an A

frica

South

ern

Asia

Oce

ania

Cau

casu

s an

d Cen

tral A

sia

South

-eas

tern

Asia

Wes

tern

Asia

Nor

ther

n Afri

ca

Latin

Am

erica

and th

e

Car

ibbea

n Eas

tern

Asia

Dev

elop

ed re

gion

s

Dev

elop

ing

region

s

Wor

ld

Death

s p

er

1,0

00 li

ve b

irth

s

1990 2012 MDG4 target for 2015

1990 2012 MDG4 target for 2015

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), by region, 1990 and 20127

under-five mortality declined but falls short of the two-thirds reduction required to achieve the Mdg target


Key interventions to reduce child mortality include: ` Focus on the poorest, most marginalized

and most-vulnerable

` Ensure clean and safe delivery practices

` Improve ante-natal care

` Reduce deaths from preventable diseases of poverty: pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria

` Encourage exclusive breastfeeding

` Immunize children against measles and other diseases

` Eliminate open defecation

` Promote washing hands with water and soap

` Let children sleep under insecticide treated bednets

reduce child MortalityTarget 4a Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

indicator ` Under-five mortality rate and infant mortality rate ` Proportion of 1-year old children immunized against measles

Progress ` Under-five deaths have declined from 12.6 million in 1990 to 6.6 million in 2012 ` About 44 percent of the under-five deaths occur within the first 28 days of life ` Global under-five mortality dropped from 90 deaths per 1,000 live births to 48 in 2012

The rate of decline in under-five mortality has accelerated significantly in the last decade

7Source: The UN Interagency Expert Group for Mortality Estimation, Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report 2013, UNICEF 20138Source: UNICEF, Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed Progress Report 2013

diseases of poverty like pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria accounted for a third of under-five deaths in 20128

Globally, almost half of the under-five deaths are attributable to malnutrition

4Mdg

Sub-Saharan Africa

Southern Asia

South-Eastern Asia

Latin America and the Caribbean

Eastern Asia

Western Asia

Northern Africa

Caucasus and Central Asia

52

50

25

10

1

26

18

3

162

83

17

8.8

6.4

3.5

2.8

0.8

regions with the largest number of maternal deaths have highest levels of births noT attended by skilled health personnel9

Target 5B Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

indicator ` Contraceptive prevalence rate ` Adolescent birth rate ` Antenatal care coverage

Progress ` In 2011, approximately half of all pregnant women in developing regions did not have the recommended minimum number of 4 antenatal care visits

Proportion of women age 20-24 who have given birth before age 18, 2000-20109

* Excluding China

one in five women gave birth before age 18* The conTinuing agenda for children

Key maternal and reproductive health interventions include:

` Increase assistance from skilled health personnel at delivery with proper supplies and equipment

` Improve access to emergency obstetric care

` Ensure a minimum of four visits with quality antenatal care

` Expand access to information, counseling an supplies for a wide range of contraceptive methods

` Lower birth rates among adolescents

improve Maternal healthTarget 5a Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

indicator ` Maternal mortality ratio ` Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

Progress ` Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has declined by 47% from 400 to 210 per 100,000 live births in 2010 ` About two thirds of women delivered with the assistance of a skilled birth attendant

Making pregnancies wanted and child-births safe prevents maternal deaths and saves children’s lives

Maternal deaths, 2010 (in 1,000s)% of births NOT attended by skilled health personnel, 2011

9Source for both graphs: UNICEF Global databases, 2013 Based on MICS and DHS household surveys and other national sources

5Mdg

Less than 10%

10 – 19%

20 – 29%

30 – 39%

Greater than or equal to 40%

Data not available


Key interventions to reduce hiV/aidS and malaria include:

` Increase antiretroviral coverage for treatment and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

` Scale up high impact HIV prevention, treatment and care in adolescents including key populations

` Provide protection, care and support for children and families affected by HIV and AIDS

` Ensure that children and pregnant women sleep under a ITN

` Expand the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy

` Expand rapid diagnostic testing before commencing malaria treatment

Target 6a Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

indicator HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years

Progress ` Globally, new HIV infections dropped by 21% to 2.5 million between 2001 and 2011 ` Access to antiretrovirals for adults has increased to 59%, but only to 28% for children in 2011 ` Since 2005, AIDS-related mortality declined from 2.3 million to 1.7 million, but adolescent AIDS deaths increased

Target 6c Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

indicator ` Incidence and death rates associated with malaria ` Proportion of children under-five sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets (ITN)

Progress ` In 2012, more than a third of children sleep under an ITN, up from less than 5% in 2000

Children under-five sleeping under insecticide treated nets (ITNs), Africa, 2012 (%)11

over half of the households in sub-Saharan africa own an iTn but only 37% of children under-five sleep under one

We now have the knowledge and the means to make an AIDS-free generation a reality

6Mdg combat hiV/aidS, Malaria and other diseases

10Source: UNAIDS unpublished estimates, 2012 11Source: UNICEF global databases 2013, based on MICS, DHS and MIS

0 – 9%

10 – 25%

26 – 50%

51 – 75%

Not malaria endemic

Data not available

2000

2012

Less than 0.2%

0.2 – 0.9%

1.0 – 2.9%

3.0 – 4.9%

5.0 – 7.9%

8.0% or more

Data not available

HIV prevalence among young people aged 15-24, 2011 (%)10

in 2011, an estimated 4.6 million young people 15-24 were living with hiV; 64% were girls and 78% were in sub-Saharan africa

1990

2011

Southern Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

South-Eastern Asia


Northern Africa

Oceania

Western Asia

Eastern Asia


World

64 39

36 26

31 14

17 4

16 4

13 10

8 3

7 4

1 0

24 24 15

39% decline

28% decline

31 55% decline

76% decline

75% decline

23% decline

63% decline

43% decline

36% decline

Population without an improved drinking water source and improved sanitation facility, current and MDG trends, 1990-201512

The drinking water target will be surpassed by >150 million people; the sanitation target will likely be missed by more than 600 million

12Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP), 2013

Prepared by: UNICEF Data & AnalyticsDivision of Policy & Strategy, September 2013

Find the latest statistics on children at the UNICEF-Statistics website: www.childfinfo.org

Front cover photo credit:© UNICEF/NYHQ2010-1548/Asselin


a post-2015 vision for water and sanitation:

` No one practices open defecation

` Everyone has water, sanitation and hygiene at home

` All schools and health centres have water, sanitation and hygiene

` Water, sanitation and hygiene are sustainable and inequalities in access have been progressively eliminated

` Water supply, sanitation and hygiene services are resilient to disasters

Children are at the heart of sustainable development

Open defecation rates, 1990 and 201112

open defecation rates declined in all regions, but still over 1 billion people continue the practice

ensure environmental SustainabilityTarget 7c Halve by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

indicator ` Proportion of the population using an improved drinking water source ` Proportion of the population using an improved sanitation facility

Progress ` The proportion of population without drinking water declined from 24% in 1990 to 11% in 2011 ` The proportion of population without sanitation declined from 51% in 1990 to 36% in 2011

7Mdg

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2015 1990

Sanitation

Drinking water

692 million

MDG target

871 million

May be missed by >600 million

Met by >150 million

Pop

ulat

ion

(x 1

,000

) May be missed by >600 million

Met by >150 million

2.5 billion

Current trendSanitation

Drinking waterCurrent trend

692 million

MDG target1.8 billion

MDG target871 million

unicef is a global leader on statistics for childrenUNICEF as a global leader in statistics for children is proud to continue to provide the global development community with the latest statistics on children and women, many of which appear every year in the United National Secretary General’s Report on the MDGs. We reaffirm our commitment to work with governments in strengthening the collection and analysis of the evidence that allows for the monitoring of progress towards global development goals which has made such a measurable difference in children’s lives across the world.

mdg update - unicef · 2020-04-29 · 17 8.8 6.4 3.5 2.8 0.8 regions with the largest number of...

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