mdg presentation
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Millennium Development Goals
Spring 11 Child RightsFrom Jan Vandemoortele
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MDGs1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
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Changing development climate• Changes in development assistance and financing• MDGs: Unifying agenda• Monterrey Consensus: Aid linked to strong governance • PRSPs: Gained prominence• SWAps: Direct budget support, coordinated action
• BUT
• MDGs: Little progress on children’s rights and gender equality
• PRSP, SWAPs: Lacklustre results for women, children, marginalized and poorest groups
• Fragile states not benefiting
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economic growth - 1961 education – 1959/61 smallpox - 1966 water & immunisation - 1980
MDGs: really new ?
Easily set, seldom met ?
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Target setting: dangers
bias national priorities
neglect non-measurable results
inflate reported progress
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Three key questions
• Is MDG progress on track?
• Is ‘average’ progress reaching the poor?
• Are MDGs affordable?
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25%27%
31%32%
1990 1993 1996 1999 2015
Actual progress Required progress
Poverty headcount in developing countries
(below $1/day)
16%
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1990 1993 1996 1999
Most regions fail to reduce poverty(below $1/day)
SSASA
EA
LAC
MENA
9
83
10591
132
166
223
8378705948
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
U5MR and NER(developing countries)
U5MR
NER
2015
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Progress by-passes the poor
(children not completing 5yrs of education)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Bangladesh(93/94)
Bangladesh(96/97)
Peru (91/92)
Peru (96)
Lowest 40% Middle 40% Top 20%
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Safe water
Maternal mortality
Child malnutrition
Gender equality
Basic education
Child mortality
HIV/AIDS
Poverty
Achieved To be achieved
No reliable and comparable data
1990 2000 2015
MDG progress in 1990s40%
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Story of 1990s
progress slowed down progress by-passed poor
It can be done
committed leadership
genuine participation
extra money strong partnership
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Averages are deceiving
Different ways to meet a target• by improving situation of better-off• by increasing level for worse-off• any combination in-between
Evidence suggests most countries follow top-down approach
Groups that see fastest progress seldom represent the poor
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Global cost estimates range from $50b-$100b+ per year
Differences depend on:absolute vs. relative unit costsmarginal vs. average unit costs regional vs. national average costsefficiency gains vs. quality costssavings from synergies implications of HIV/AIDSdomestic vs. external resources
Globally, MDGs are affordable
Are MDGs affordable?
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Pro-poor policies Avoid ‘small government’
ideology.
Shun tight inflation targets.
Deregulate financial markets with great care.
Liberalise trade cautiously.
Address equity & narrow gaps.
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Growth has an obvious place.
But evidence shows that high inequality inhibits growth.
Equity is good for the poor because it is good for growth.
Yet, most PRSs overlook equity.
Is equity good for the poor?
The goal
• Equitable and Sustainable human well-being beyond the narrow domain of economic growth
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