matter study guide 2008
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Matter Study Guide
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
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•Anything that has a mass and a volume
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Close up view of atoms and their behavior
Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/
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States of Matter
SolidsParticles of solids are tightly
packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
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States of Matter
Solids
Particle Movement Examples
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States of Matter
LiquidsParticles of liquids are tightly
packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
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States of Matter Liquids
Particle Movement Examples
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States of Matter
GasesParticles of gases are very far apart and
move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an
indefinite volume.
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Gases
Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter
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States of MatterPlasma
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by
magnetic fields.
Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite
volume.
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States of Matter
PlasmaParticles
The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).
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States of Matter
PlasmaExamples
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•Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change.
•If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change.
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
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• The building blocks of Matter• Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N).
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
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Elements• Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means• Can exist as either atoms or molecules.
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• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. • In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .
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Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html
• Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.
• Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.
In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Compounds
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• They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.
• Can be separated physically.
• Solutions are also mixtures.
• The substances are not uniformly mixed.
• Example: Sand in a glass of water.Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
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• Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.
• Uniform Distribution.• Example: Sugar and Water
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
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• The substance to be dissolved.
• The one doing the dissolving.
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
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•Concentrated – strong Concentrated – strong examples; frozen orange juice in a examples; frozen orange juice in a can, laundry detergent, powdered can, laundry detergent, powdered milk, can of sodamilk, can of soda
•Diluted – weakDiluted – weak examples; orange juice mixed in jug examples; orange juice mixed in jug with water, powdered milk mixed with with water, powdered milk mixed with water, soda in melted icewater, soda in melted ice
Concentration of Solutions
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• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye.
Example: the ingredients in salad dressing
• Substances will settle over time.
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• Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .
• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.
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