matter review concepts. matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
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MatterREVIEW CONCEPTS
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter is permanent. It cannot be manufactured or destroyed.
Before reaction: 8 Red and 8 White After reaction: 8 Red and 8 White
Matter can be changed in two ways
1. Physical Change
2. Chemical Change
Physical VS. Chemical Change
• New chemicals are formed (products)• Not easily reversed
Chemical Changes
• Often changes of state• Change in physical appearance only (i.e. ripping a piece of paper)• Often easily reversed
Physical Changes
Matter exists in three states.
SolidsSolids are made of atoms or molecules that are packed tightly together. They have very little movement.
1. Definite shape
2. Definite volume
3. Cannot be compressed
Examples:
•Wood
• Iron rods
•Sheet metal
•Concrete
•Glass
•Plastic
•Drywall
LiquidsLiquids allow more movement as molecules are further apart.
1. Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container
2. Definite volume
3. Cannot be compressed
Examples:
•Water
•Solvents
•Oil
•Paint
•Acids
•Refrigerant liquids
GasesGases allow a lot of movement as molecules are very far apart.
1. Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container
2. Indefinite volume – takes the volume of the container
3. Can be compressed
Examples:
•Oxygen
•Steam
•Acetylene
•Air (made of many different types of gases)
Matter can change states.Due to and increase or decrease in temperature.
Phase changesSOLID TO LIQUID LIQUID TO SOLID
Melting/Fusion Freezing/Solidification
Phase changesLIQUID TO GAS GAS TO LIQUID
Vaporization/Evaporation Condensation
Phase changesSOLID TO GAS GAS TO SOLID
Sublimation Crystallization/Deposition
Phase Changes Elements change phases based on temperature
Every element has a different temperature where it will change state.
So we know the temperatures for a substance like water? What temperature does it freeze? What temperature does it evaporate?
How is this different for other substances?
Temperature and Phase Changes
Melting Point – Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Freezing Point – Same as melting point. Referred to this during solidification
Boiling Point – Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas
Substance Melting Point / Freezing Point
Boiling Point
Water 0 ⁰C 100 ⁰C
Copper 1083 ⁰C 2567 ⁰C
Aluminum 660 ⁰C 2767 ⁰C
Polyethylene 105-115 ⁰C N/A - Decomposes
Dry Ice (CO2) -78 ⁰C -57 ⁰C