matter chapter 2 pages 58-81. matter anything that has mass and takes up space
TRANSCRIPT
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Matter•Anything that has mass and takes up space
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States of matter
The three states of matter are solids, liquids and gasses.
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Characteristic Properties
• Regardless of state of matter, a substance has a unique characteristic property.
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Elements
• Can’t be broken down into another substance.
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•ELEMENTS
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Compound
• Chemical Combination of elements.
• EX: H20water
CO2Carbon Dioxide
C12022H11 Sugar
C6H12O6 Glucose
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Atom• The smallest particle of an element.
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• player_frameatoms.htm
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Molecule
• A group of atoms joined together.
chocolate
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• player_framemolecules.htm
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Chemical Bond
• The force that holds the atoms together.
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Formula• Ratio of atoms of each
element in a compound.
Theobromine, C7H8O4N2 or Chocolate
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Law of Conservation of Matter
• Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change.
• It recombines to make a new type of chemical.
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Pure Substance
• One kind of matter with no substances mixed in.
• EX. Sugar, gold, silver, salt.
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Mixture
• When two or more substances are mixed together but have different properties.
EX: Salt Water
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player_frame.htm
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Solution
• As well mixed as possible or when a substance has dissolved.
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• player_frame2.htm
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Changes in Matter
• Physical Change: When the state of matter changes.
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Physical Change
• whipping egg whites (air is forced into the fluid, but no new substance is produced)
• magnetizing a compass needle (there is realignment of groups ("domains") of iron atoms, but no real change within the iron atoms themselves).
• boiling water (water molecules are forced away from each other when the liquid changes to vapor, but the molecules are still H2O.)
• dissolving sugar in water (sugar molecules are dispersed within the water, but the individual sugar molecules are unchanged.)
• dicing potatoes (cutting usually separates molecules without changing them.)
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Changes in Matter cont…
• Chemical Change: When a substance(s) combine or decompose into a new substance.
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Examples of a chemical change
iron rusting (iron oxide forms) gasoline burning (water vapor and carbon
dioxide form) eggs cooking (fluid protein molecules uncoil and
crosslink to form a network) bread rising (yeast converts carbohydrates into
carbon dioxide gas) milk souring (sour-tasting lactic acid is
produced) suntanning (vitamin D and melanin is produced)
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Type of characteristic properties
• Boiling Points: The temperature at which a liquid boils.
Water's boiling point is 100 °C
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Melting/Freezing Points
• Temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
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Intermolecular forces (IMF’s):
These are forces that hold particles (molecules) together.
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Energy and State Change
• When a substance changes state:
• Solid liquid gas = gaining energy
• Gas liquid solid = loses energy
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Temperature affects state.
Substances with weak IMF’s become liquids and gasses at low temperatures.
In contrast, substances with strong IMF’s can stay in a solid state even at extreme temperatures. Substances with strong IMF’s become liquids and gasses at high temperatures.
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