Chemistry

Matter and Material

Grade 10 Physical Science2018

Mrs. Harrison • Matter and Classification

• CAPS Physical Science Gr. 10-12

• docScientia 2015

MATTER AND MATERIALRefer to table of contents

• Macroscopic properties of matter

• Phases of matter and the kinetic molecular theory

• The atom

• Periodic table

• Matter is composed of particles

Unit 1MACROSCOPIC

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

What is matter?

Everything that has mass and takes up space.

Consists of 3 states Made of elementsfrom Periodic Table

TB. pg 13

properties of matter

1 2

macroscopic microscopic

Properties of matter are determined by its

composition

Why is steel used in construction?

Why is rubber used in wetsuits?

Why are some handles of pots made out of wood or

rubber?

1. Strength

2. Conductivity

3. Magnetic or non-

magnetic

4. Brittle, malleable,

ductile

5. Density

6. Melting or boiling

points

TB. pg 14

MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Mixtures

Definition

Types

Examples

• A combination of two or more substances which have not reacted chemically and can be separated by a mechanical/physical process.

• Homogenous

• A mixture which is the same throughout (uniform) all constituents are in the same phase.

• Heterogeneous

• A mixture which is of variable composition (non-uniform) the components of the solution are not in the same phase.

• Air

• Orange Juice

• Steel

• Salad dressing

TB. pg 18

MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER

2. Pure Substances

Composed of only one type of particle.

elements compounds

• Consists of only 1 type of atom

• Cannot be broken down

further into simpler substances

• Consists of 2 or more types of

atoms that are chemically

bonded.

• Can be broken down into

simpler substances

TB. pg 20

mixture

• Consists of different elements

or compounds

TB. pg 20

COMPARISON

PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURE

Elements Compounds

Only 1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded

Different elements and or compounds

cannot be broken down into simpler substance

Can be broken down into simpler particles (chemical

means)

Can be separated mechanically (physical means)

Smallest particle – ATOM, diatomic molecule or + ion

Smallest particle MOLECULE (covalent) or ION (ionic)

Particles according to the composition

TB. pg 20

ACTIVITY 2page 21

WHAT WE’VE LEARNT SO FAR

Matter

Pure Substances

ElementsCompounds

Mixtures

HeterogenousHomogenous

All matter is made up of that can be

found in the Periodic Table

MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER

3. Names and formulae of substances

TB. pg 23

ELEMENTS

metals metalliods Non-metals

• Left • adjacent • right

𝐻2𝑂𝐶𝑙2𝑁𝑂3𝐻2𝑆𝑂4

𝑀𝑔(𝑂𝐻)2𝑁𝑎2𝑆𝑂4𝐶𝐻4

draw these compounds

in your book.

The difference between an atom and

an ion

•NEUTRAL

•Protons = electrons

++

+

--

- +

-+

+

-

- --

+

+

-

+ --

++

+

•CHARGED

•Protons ≠ electrons

Rules to naming compounds

1. Elements on left, named first.

Na+Cl = NaCl H + F = HF Be+Cl = BeCl

2. Names of elements on right, change to ” –ide”

Sodium Chloride Hydrogen Floride Berrylium Chloride

3. Greek prefixes show the number of atoms of the element

CO = carbon monoxide𝐶02 = 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒

“Mono” = 1 “Di’=2 “Tri”=3.

4. Common names.

HCL = hydrogen chloride = “hydrochloric acid

NaCl – Sodium chloride = “Table salt.”

5. Ratios

TB. pg 24

5. Ratios

𝑯𝟐𝑶 𝑵𝒂𝟐𝑺𝑶𝟑

𝑴𝒈(𝑵𝑶𝟑)𝟐

TB. pg 25

Examples from the Periodic

Table

+1

+2 +3

+-4

-3

-2

-1

Sometimes, compounds

are charged too!!

Page 26STUDY WORK

Writing formula

Remember cross multiplication?

Write the name of the following compounds formed:

𝐾+ + 0𝐻− = 𝐾𝑂𝐻

𝐾+ + 𝑆𝑂42− = 𝐾2𝑆𝑂4

𝑁𝐻4− + 𝐶𝑂3

2− = (𝑁𝐻4)2𝐶𝑂3

TB. pg 27

𝑁𝑎+ + 𝑆𝑂42−

formula name

𝐿𝑖+ + 𝐵𝑟−

𝐶𝑎2+ + 𝐶𝑂32−

TB. pg 27

Page 28STUDY WORK

Exercise 1 pg. 29-31

HOMEWORK

MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER

4. Properties of materials: Electrical conductors and insulators• Conducting an experiment 1

What can we conclude?

Non-metals do not conduct electricity

(except carbon)

Non-metals are therefore insulators.

Use: electrical equipment

Metals are good conductors

(metallic bonding)

Use: Computers and other

electrical equipmentMetalloids are semi-

conductors, if their temp is raised,

their conducting ability increases

Use: protect against dangers of

electrical equipment. TB. pg 32

MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER

4. Thermal conductors and Insulators

• Conducting an experiment 2

What can we conclude?

Thermal ConductorsCopper, aluminium and

silver

Thermal InsulatorsPlastic

TB. pg 38

MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER

5. Magnetic and Non-magnetic materials

• Conducting an experiment 3

What can we conclude?

Fe, Ni and Co are good magnetic materials

• Good magnetic materials are called ferromagnetic

Cu, Al and Zn are examples of non magnetic

materials

Ferromagnetic materials are often mixed with other non-magnetic

materialsExample:

1. Magnetic ceramic (mixture of iron and metal oxides) –used

mainly as fridge magnets

2. Alnico (mixture of aluminium, nickel and cobolt) – used mainly in

load speakers

3. Steel (mixture of iron and carbon)

TB. pg 39

Soft Magnetic Material Hard Magnetic Materials

Materials that are easily magnetised,

but lose there magnetism easily

Eg) Iron

Materials which take a long time to

become magnetised, but retain it for a long time

Eg) Steel

Uses: Temporary magnets like

electromagnets

Used in permanent magnets and in

compasses

Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into two groups:

Storing permanent magnets:• Room temperature• Pairs of N and S• Do not drop

Exercise 2 pg. 41-42

HOMEWORK

TB. pg 40

Summary on Matter and

Materials PAGE 43 AND 44

HOMEWORK

Matter and Materials

INFORMAL CLASS TEST

Test Examples