properties of matter 2.2 physical properties. what is a physical property? a quality that of the...
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Properties of Matter
2.2 Physical Properties
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What is a physical property?
• A quality that of the material that can be seen or measured without changing the composition of the material (without changing what its made of)
• Physical Properties:– Viscosity - Melting point– Conductivity - Boiling point– Malleability - Density– Hardness
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Examples of Physical Properties
• Viscosity : the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing, a liquid’s resistance to flowing.– The greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid
moves– Examples: honey and corn syrup
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Discuss Viscosity• Turn to your neighbor…in 30 seconds–Choose two liquids to compare–Explain which of the two has a higher
viscosity (which one resists flowing the most)–Listen as your neighbor does the same
thing (compares two new liquids)
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Conductivity
• A materials ability to allow heat to flow
• Which spoon should you choose for stirring a pot of soup heating on the stove?
Wooden spoon or metal Spoon?
Why did you choose the spoon that you did?
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Malleability
• The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering
• Most metals are very malleable • Other objects such as glass or fine china are
easily broken
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Hardness
• One simple way to compare two materials is to see which one will scratch the other one
• Which ever scratches the other is the harder of the two
• A Diamond is the hardest known material and a 10 on Mohs scale of hardness
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Examples
Provide an example for each of the following
Something with high conductivity
Something easily malleable
Something that is softer than glass
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Melting / Boiling Points
Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
For water normally occurs at 0o CBoiling point: the temperature at which a
substance boils For water normally occurs at 100o C
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Density
Recall that density is the ratio of the mass of a substance and its volume.
This ratio can be used to test the purity of a substance
Density = mass / volumeSponge
Brick
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Using Physical Properties
Physical properties are used to identify a material, to choose a material for a specific purpose, or to separate the substances of a mixture.
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Using Properties to Identify Materials
Step One: Decide which properties to test
Step Two: Test unknown sample
Step Three: Compare results with data reported for known materials
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Using Properties to Choose Materials
The properties of a material determine which materials are chosen for which uses.
Example: You would not want shoe laces made of wood because they would not be flexible
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Using Properties to Separate Mixtures
Some properties can be used to separate mixtures
Filtration and Distillation are two common separation methods
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Filtration
Is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles
Example: Using a strainer to remove tea leaves from a pot of tea
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DistillationIs a process that separates the substances in a
solution based on their boiling points
Example: on submarines sea water is boiled, the clean gas collected and cooled for drinking and the undrinkable compound left behind
*This works because the clean water has a different boiling temperature than the compounds
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Recognizing Physical ChangesPhysical change occurs when some of the
properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same.
Examples: crumpling a piece of paper and heating butter in a pan
*Actions change the shape of the materials but not their composition
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Quick Check
A material that is both malleable and conducts electricity well is most likely
a. Woodb.Icec. Metald.Motor oil
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Quick Check
Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical property?
a. Flammabilityb.Malleabilityc. Conductivityd.Viscosity
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Quick Check
Which of the following is a ten on the hardness scale?
a. Graniteb.Quartzc. Glassd.Diamond
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Quick Check
Which of the following is an example of filtration?
a. Boiling sea water and collecting the clean gasb.Water dripping through ground coffee beans
to make coffeec. Crumpling a piece of paper d.Slicing a tomato in half