materials, wood and metals
TRANSCRIPT
Students 1º ESO
Materials
IES RAMIRO IILa Robla
CARLOS & AIDÉ
TYPES OF MATERIALS
MANUFACTURED GOODS
A manufactured good is any object created by humans to
satisfy their needs and improve their standard of living.
Examples: your text book,chair,desk, watch and sweater.
The manufacturing process:
1. We get raw materials from nature.2. We process them to make materials.3. We make goods with these materials.
For example, trees are cut into logs, logs are made into planks of wood, and these are used to make furniture.
Raw material Material Manufactured product
RAW MATERIALS AND MATERIALS
Wool comes from the hair of sheep.
Cotton comes from the plant of the same name. Marble, comes from a quarry.
Raw materials are substances that are extracted directly from nature
ANIMALS VEGETABLE MINERAL ORIGIN
PROPERTIES OF
MATERIALS 1NACHO & MIRIAN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
This properties are related to how materials react to external stimuli, e.g. electricity, light, head or the applying of various forces.
• Electrical properties• Thermal properties• Optical properties• Acoustic properties• Magnetics properties• Mechanical properties
CONDUCTIVITY
• Conductor Materials:
Some materials conduct electricity, e.g. metals
• Insulator Materials:
Materials that don’t conduct electricity, eg. Insulation tape
THERMAL PROPERTIES
• Thermal conductivity• Thermal conductors are materials that
conduct heat• Thermal insulation are materials that
don’t conduct heat• Expression and contraction• When the temperature increases, the materials
expands• When the temperature decreases, the material
contracts• Fusibility• Some materials change from solid to liquid
when the temperature increased• Welding• Some materials can be used to weld two pieces
of the same or different materials together
OPTICAL PROPERTIES Opaque materials:
other objects can’t be seen through them.
Translucent materials: allow light pass through them, but don’t allow objects behind them to be seen Cleary
Transparent materials: other objects can be seen Cleary through these materials
ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES
o Acoustic conductors: the capacity of materials to transmit sound
o Acoustic insulators: some materials don’t conduct sound well
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Magnetism: some materials attract other metallic materials; iron has this properties. This allows it to become a permanent magnet
Mechanical Properties
Stefanny & Cris
Mechanical PropertiesMechanical Properties are those relate to how materials react when external forces are applied.
Elasticity and Plasticity
Elasticity: allows the material to return to its original form after a force that has changed its shape is removed.
Plasticity: allows it to be permanently deformed.
Elastic material Plastic material
Malleability and Ductility
Malleability : allows a material to be spread into sheets or films.Materials with this property are malleable.
Ductility: allows a material to be formed into filaments or wires.Materials with this property are ductile
maleabilidad ductilidad
Mechanical strength The mechanical strenght of materials depends on the type of force that upon them.
There are several types of strenght:tensile strenght,comprenssive strenght,flexural strength,torsial strenght and shear strenght.For example,tennis racquet strings have to be tense so that when the racquet hits the ball,the strings experince a flexural force.
(Resistencia mecánica)
HardnessA hard material is not easily scratched by another material.The mohs scale of mineral was crated by the Austrian geologist Friedrinch Mohs ( 177_1839).The mineral are graded from 1 to 10 according to how hard they are.
(DUREZA)
Toughness and bittleness Toughness : is the resistant to braking that a material shows when hit by something.Bittleness: is the opposite , when the material braks easily.
TENACIDAD y FRAGILIDAD
Other propertiesDENSITYDensity is the relationship between the mass and the volume of an object
d=m/VPOROSITYSome materials can absorb or realish liquids or gases. Wood , some stones and ceramic materials are porous.PERMEABILITYSome materials allow water or other liquids to filter througt them.IMPERMEABILITYSome materials don’t allow water or other liquids to filter though them.
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
GROUP 3
IVÁN PAULA1ºB
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
We can see these properties when the chemical composition of a material changes because it interacts with other substances.
OXIDATIONWhen a mineral reacts with oxygen in the air or water. Metals are the most sensitive materials to oxidation. The reddish-brown substances produced is called rust.
The chains are rusting To prevent rusting the materials are coated with paint, varnish or enamel.
ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
The enviroment is a system made up of human beings, flora, fauna, earth, air, climate and landscape wich all interact. Materials are classified according to the impact they have on the enviroment
Renewable raw materials Wool Cotton WoodNon-renewable raw materials Coal Oil Minerals
characteristics examples
Recyclanle materials
These can be reused. They help conserve natural resources and avoid the accumulation of waste products.
Glass, paper, cardboard, metal, plastic…
Toxic materials
These are harmful to the enviroment. They can be poisonous for living things because they contaminate the soil, the water and the atmosphere.
Mercury, heavy metals, petroleum.
Biodegradable materials
These are materials that decompose naturally and don’t cause damage to the enviroment.
Paper, water-solube plastics( materials that descompose on contact with cold or hot water)
THE END
WOOD
MANUEL & PAULA
1 WOODWood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the
stems and roots of trees, and other woody plants.
Properties Characteristics
Hardness Wood is hard, but can be penetrated by objects such as screws or nails
DensityWood is less dense than water, so it floats. Most wood has a densit of between 0.3g/cm3 and 0.9 g/cm3
Electrical insulation
Dry wod provides good electrical insulation
Thermal insulation
Wood provides good thermal insulation but it burns easily
Porosity
Wood can absorb or emit liquids or gases because it has tiny holes called pores
Mechanical resistancesWood has good mechanical resistance agaiinst the forces of traction, compresion or belding.
Colour and grainWood has aestheic qualities: a variety of colours and grains
ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
1 – Is a nenowable raw material
2 – Is biodegradable3 – Is recycable
1.2 HOW TO PROCESS WOOD
1.CUTING AND
PROUNING
2.TRANSPORT
3.REMOVING THE BARK
4.SAWING
5.DRYING
6.PLANING
1.3. TYPES OF WOOD
Wood
Natural
Hardwood: ébano, roble ,nogal. Softwood: pino, abeto, chopo.
Artificial
Playwood (sheets of wood glued together) - Contrachapado
Chipboard: (chips of wood compressed and glued) - AglomeradoFibreboard: (chips of wood milled) – Tablero de fibra
METALSAinhoa & Rebeca
THE PROPERTIES OF METALSPhisycal properties Characteristics
Strong (mechanical strength)
Can resist forces while not becoming deformed easily, e.g. tensile, shear, compression and flexing or bending force
Ductile and malleable Can be made into wire or thin sheets
Tough Do not break easily
Plastic and elastic Some metals are elastic – they can bend and return to their original shape when they are affected by external forces; others are not elastic and are deformed by external forces
Electrical, termal and acoustic conductivity
Good conductors of electricity, heat and sound
Magnetic Magnets attract some metals
Fusible Can be easily welded to other metallic objects
Expansion and contraction
When the temperatura rises, they ezpand and when it falls, they contract
Chemical properties Characteristics
Oxidation React with oxygen in water and air
Ecologycal properties Characteristics
Recycable and reusable Most metals are recycable: when they have been used, they can be processed to be used again
Toxic Some metals, such as lead or mercury, present a danger to human beings and the enviroment
WHERE AND HOW METALS ARE OBTAINED
Metals are taken from minerals contained in rocks, e.g. copper is extracted from chalcopyrite or
malachite.
- Surface mining is used when the mineral layer is near the surface.
- Underground mining is used when the mineral is deep below the
surface.
Metals
ferrous
Non ferrous
Pure ironSteelCast iron
METALS
Heavy Metals
Light Metals
•Aluminium•Magnesium•Titanium
LeadTinZincCopperBronzeBrass
PURE IRON(HIERRO)
Pure iron is a greyish white metal with wood magnetic properties.
DISADVANTAGES
·carrodes easly
·only metals at very high temperatures (has a high melting
point).
·is difficult to machine
Uses: electrical and electronic components.
CAST IRON(FUNDICIÓN)
Cast iron is extremely hard an resistant.
Uses: machery parts , pistons, street lamps , drain covers, etc.
IRON + CARBON
STEEL(ACERO)
Steel is an alloy of iron containing
a small quantity of carbon. It has
better mechanical properties than iron
because it is very hard and strong.
Other cemical elements can be added to
steel, to improve or obtain certain
properties. These are called alloy steels.
Here are some common examples:
Materials
Bárbara & Leyre
Types of metals
Heavy Light metals.
Heavy metalsThere are five types of heavy metals:
Lead Tin Zinc Copper Bronze Brass
Lead (plomo)
USES: manufacture of batteries, electrical cable cladding, piping, firearms, tanks and X-ray devices, as a protective material for radioactive materials, in paints, dyes and varnishes, etc.
It comes from GALENA
HEAVY
Tin (estaño)used as a protective layer for copper containers, to manufacture cans, in alloys, in welding , In the aerospace industry ,as an ingredient of insecticides.
Is a silvery white metalVery ductileMalleableCristalline
Found in casserite
Zinc (cinc)atomic number 30 and symbol Znchemical element
Nutricional support
Copper (cobre)
Atomic number 29
Symbol is Cutransition metal of copper color and metallic
Bronze (bronce)Metal alloy of copper and tin, and often another element
its applications depend on the ratio of tin to bronze.
used in statues, bells, taps, etc.
Brass (latón)Proportions copper and zinc can vary to create with diverse properties.
Alloy of copper and zinc.
industrial brass percentage of zinc is always less than 50%.
NEREA & CARLOTA1º A
TYPES OF LIGHT METALS
GROUP 5
ALUMINIUM Aluminum is a chemical
element. It is the third most common element found in the terrestrial crust. As metal is extracted only from the mineral known as bauxite, it is a very abundant element in nature, it is a soft material.
El aluminio es un elemento químico. Es el tercer elemento más común encontrado en la corteza terrestre. Como metal se extrae únicamente del mineral conocido con el nombre de bauxita, es un elemento muy abundante en la naturaleza, es un material blando.
MAGNESIUM Magnesium is the chemical
element. It is the seventh element in abundance and the third most abundant dissolved in the sea water; Is not found in nature.
El magnesio es el elemento químico. Es el séptimo elemento en abundancia y el tercero más abundante disuelto en el agua mar; no se encuentra en la naturaleza.
TITANIUM Titanium is a chemical
element. It is placed in group 4 of the periodic table of the elements. It is a transition metal of gray color, low density and great hardness.
El titanio es un elemento químico. Se sitúa en el grupo 4 de la tabla periódica de los elementos. Es un metal de transición de color gris, baja densidad y gran dureza.
THE ENDTHANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATENTION