materials science and me!!! engineeringdrgregsmaterialsweb.com/01 what is mse a2103 given.… ·...

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Materials Science and Engineering

Arguably the most important discipline in engineering and

science today

Dr Greg HenessSenior Lecturer in Materials

University of Technology, SydneyB. App Sc. Materials Science

M. App Sc. Materials EngineeringPhD Materials. Engineering

Grad Cert. Higher Ed.

• Materials Scientist/Engineer

• Certified Materials Professional,

• Institute of Materials Engineering Australia

• President, State Branch IMEA

Teaching:

Materials science, composites, mechanical properties, nanomaterials

Research:

Nanomaterials (nanocomposites), composites, energy efficient materials

Me!!!

Turn them off!!! UTS Online

• Announcements on UTS Online are the main form of letting you know of changes to the program etc.

• All work for assessment will be submitted through UTS Online– Includes labs and tutes

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ASSESSMENT DETAILS

–To pass this subject, a 50% grade in the final must be achieved.

–Note you have to get 50% overall to pass.

1 Quiz 10% Practicals 25%Tutorials 15% Final Exam 50%

The importance of assessment tasks

Username Class/50 Final/50 Total GradeX1 10.6 27.7 38 Z 2 labs, no tutesX2 10.1 24.2 34 Z 4 labs, 1 tuteX3 7.7 29.7 37 Z no quizzes, 4 labs, 1 tuteX4 13.2 29.3 42 Z 4labs/1 tuteX5 14.7 28.9 44 Z 3 labs/1 tuteX6 34.1 15.9 50 X Final mark too lowX7 25.8 23.4 49 Z 50P

SAFETY

PRESCRIBED TEXT: (on reserve in the Library)

Materials Science and Engineering, 2012Compiled by Greg Heness & Mike Cortie

Compiled from 3 different texts by your lecturers specifically for this course.

Access to online resources via one of the texts by Shackelford.

Tutorial sessions will deal with examples from the book, so you can easily find related text to help you understand.

It may also prove an useful materials reference book for the future.

Co-op Bookshop on Broadway

The price at time of writing this:

$116.99 for Co-op members $125.80 for non Co-op members

TEXT:

Callister, W.D., Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction, 8th Ed., Askeland, D.R. , Fulay, P.P. Wright, W.J., The Science and Engineering of

Materials,

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Handing in Reports

Lab session Next week Next weekLab session –

Mon/TuesReport due Friday, 5pm

Answers put up Mon/Tues

RESTRICTIONS AND REGULATIONS

1. Regular attendance is mandatory at all laboratory meetings.

2.The quiz must be taken at the scheduled time and on the specified date. (set by exams branch)

3. Submission of laboratory and workshop reports and assignments is mandatory. Assigned homework must be completed on time.

4. Unless otherwise specified, homework shouldbe an individual effort.

Web-Based Tutorial Assessment Tasks

• There will be two types of tutorials presented. – The first will provide immediate feedback,

so you can gauge your progression in the course.

– The second will be of the type that will be submitted for marking. No immediate feedback will be given other than the mark you received. The week following the due date, solutions will be posted.

Note: Interdisciplinary field

• Importance to science and engineering.

• It includes elements of

– applied physics,

– chemistry and

– even biology, as well as

– chemical, mechanical, civil and electrical engineering.

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Materials Science & Engineering The Advent of Money

• Western Turkey 600BC

• Up to this time gold was impure

– Beat the gold from the stream flat

– Mixed with salt

– Smeltered it

– First pure gold

• Once purity could be controlled it could be used as money

• Same process still used today

perhapsPERHAPS

THE MOST

IMPORTANT?

Does this seem very important?

How do we describe our history?

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The Stone Age

• Paleolithic (40,000 to 100,000 yrs ago): Stone tools and clay pots

• Mesolithic (10,000 to 40,000 yrs ago): Extensive use of stone tools and clay, stone statues, ochre (pigment)

In general - Natural Materials

From Farside by Gary Larson

Thailand - 4500BC

Iron age

• Iron Age (1000 – 3000 yrs ago): Carburized Iron, improved forging, porcelain

Now?

The Ceramics Age(The New Stone Age!)

The Composites Age

(no longer string & glue!)

MaterialsDesign Age

-No dominant

materials

Revolutionary Forces

Source: Norman Poire, Merril Lynch

Introductionof technology

Widespread adoption

End of rapid growth phase

1771

1800

1853

1825

1913

1853

1886

20251913

1969

1939 1997

2025

1969

2081

Industrial Revolution Information Revolution

A question for you, what was invented first?

This? Or this?

• Printing press

• Silicon chip

• Paper

• Modern computer

The materials development PRECEDES the technology

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The plain and simple truth!

Technology as we know it today would not exist without materials development


If we don’t get it right


If we don’t get it right


Technology as we know it today would not exist without materials development

The future of our

technological society

Materials development

Every creative engineer, regardless of their

specialty, and every scientist must have a solid

grounding in the fundamentals of materials

behavior.

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The study of materials is a fascinating journey into the

relationships between structure, properties, and

performance.

•the details of atomic structure affect properties and performance..

•how processing can alter

structure

We will look inside thestructure of solids and learn how

•Materials are ‘alive’ with internal activity and tremendous driving forces.

•We’ll learn how these energies can be tamed and exploited.

Understanding SizeMaterials are...

engineered structures...not blackboxes!

Structure...has many dimensions...

Structural feature Dimension (m)

atomic bonding

missing/extra atoms

crystals (ordered atoms)

second phase particles

crystal texturing

< 10 -10

10-10

10-8-10-1

10-8-10-4

> 10-6

1

8

30mm 30m

Many material properties (particularly strength) depend on the nature of the Defects in the crystal structure.

Here we see ledges formed by the presence of defects called Screw Dislocations.

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The surface of an alloy of platinum and rhenium (PtRh).

The light spots are Rh atoms, grey spots are Pt. The black spots arecarbon impurities.

Pt and Rh tend to cluster in small groups of the same species.

The magnification you see on the screen is over 300 million.

Efficient energy?

• Will not occur without:

– The smart use of materials

– The use of smart materials

• Will not occur

– via design alone

• Remember technology follows material development

Every creative engineer, regardless of their

specialty, and every scientist must have a solid

grounding in the fundamentals of materials

behavior.

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Relevance to your engineering profession

EPR group Mean NEPR 1 2.30 31EPR 2 2.42 27Total 2.36 58

Average Ratings for Chemistry Materials Science by EPR Group

2 = relevant3 = very relevant

Does this seem very important?

• Use the right material for the job.

• Understand the relation between structure, properties, and processing.

• Recognize new design opportunities offered by materials selection.

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Course Goals:

Controlling

1. Processing –

2. Structure –

3. Properties –

4. Performance

Realistic engineering materials:

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Structure Properties

Processing

Performance

Materials selection example

Choose material to hold a liquid:

Which one is best?

How do we

choose?

Goodness!

Realistic engineering materials:

– Trade-off between

– properties

•(what do we need or want?)

– deterioration

•(how long will it last?)

– cost

•(what’s the biggest bang for the buck?)

– Resources depletion

•(how to find new reserves, develop new environmentally-friendly materials, and increase recycling)

Materials and Their Properties

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Comparing Materials

• Materials have certain PROPERTIES which make them USEFUL

We need to be able to describe and compare the properties of a material and say why its used for a job. We use certain materials for certain jobs… Material

selection

What materials are used?

What is it used for?

Why use that

material?

Many properties will undergo change by treatments applied

Requirements

Performance & environment

selection

properties

Properties

Processing

Structure

Performance

Materials Science

Investigating the relationship between structure and properties of materials.

Materials Engineering

Designing the structure to achieve specific properties of materials.

Processing Structure Properties Performance

ex: hardness vs structure of steel• Properties depend on structure

Data obtained from Figs. 10.21(a)and 10.23 with 4wt%C composition,and from Fig. 11.13 and associateddiscussion, Callister 6e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.10.10; (b) Fig. 9.27;(c) Fig. 10.24;and (d) Fig. 10.12, Callister 6e.

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel• Processing can change structure

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Structure, Processing, & PropertyH

ard

ne

ss (

BH

N)

Properties?

properties

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properties

Chemical

Mechanical

Dimensional

Physical

• Chemical composition

– Oxide, nitride, low C steel, high C steel

• Acidic/Alkaline

– Refractory bricks

• Degradation

– Rusting, corrosion, etc.,

Chemical Physical

Mechanical

• Strength– Resistance-to- force capability

• Elasticity– Ability to recover totally from deformation

• Plasticity– Permanent deformation

• Stiffness– flexible/rigid

• Toughness– Energy absorbed during fracture

• Ductility/brittleness– Does it plastically deform before it breaks?

• Hardness– Resistance to indentation/scratching (permanent deformation)

Mechanical

Terms Mechanical

Simple definitions of the these:

StrengthDuctilityStiffnessToughnessBrittleHardnessElasticityPlasticity

Capacity to resist force or pressure

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Terms Mechanical


StrengthDuctile/ BrittlePlasticityElasticityStiffnessToughnessHardness

Ductile: significant plastic deformation before failureBrittle: little or no plastic deformation before failure

Terms Mechanical



Capable of being shaped or formed

Terms Mechanical



Capable of recovering deformation

Terms Mechanical



Resistance to elastic deformation

Terms Mechanical



Ability to absorb energy before fracture

Terms Mechanical



Resistance to permanent deformation and/or scratching

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Dimensional

Materials Data

Kingdom Family Class AttributesMember

• Ceramics

• Polymers

• Metals

• Composites

Steels

Cu-alloys

Al-alloys

Ti-alloys

Ni-alloys

Zn-alloys

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Materials

A material record

Density

Mechanical props.

Thermal props.

Electrical props.

Optical props.

Corrosion props.

Supporting information

-- specific

-- general

Material properties Materials Classification

PE, PP, PCPA (Nylon)

Polymers,elastomers

Butyl rubberNeoprene

GFRPCFRP

CompositesKFRP

Plywood

AluminaSi‐Carbide

Ceramics,glassesSoda‐glass

Pyrex

SteelsCast ironsAl‐alloys

MetalsCu‐alloysNi‐alloysTi‐alloys

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Comparing Relationships: property bar-charts

Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites

PEEK

PP

PTFE

WC

Alumina

Glass

CFRP

GFRP

Fibreboard

Steel

Copper

Lead

Zinc

Aluminum

Structured data for ABS*

General PropertiesDensity 1.05 -1.07 Mg/m^3

Price 2.1-2.3 US $/kg

•

Mechanical PropertiesYoung's Modulus 1.1-2.9 GPa

Elastic Limit 18-50 MPa

Tensile Strength 27-55 MPa

Elongation 6-8%

Hardness - Vickers 6-15 HV

Endurance Limit 11-22 MPa

Fracture Toughness 1.2-4.2 MPa.m1/2

Thermal PropertiesMax Service Temp 350- 370 K

Thermal Expansion 70- 75 10-6/K

Specific Heat 1500 -1510 J/kg.K

Thermal Conductivity 0.17 -0.24 W/m.K

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) - (CH2-CH-C6H4)n

Electrical PropertiesConductor or insulator? Good insulator

Optical PropertiesTransparent or opaque? Opaque

Corrosion and Wear ResistanceFlammability Average

Fresh Water Good

Organic Solvents Average

Oxidation at 500C Very Poor

Sea Water Good

Strong Acid Good

Strong Alkalis Good

UV Good

Wear Poor

Weak Acid Good

Weak Alkalis Good

Structure Sensitivity/Insensitivity

• There is a general division of materials properties & is not always clear cut

• Examples:

– Structure Insensitive:

• density, stiffness

– Structure Sensitive:

• strength, ductility, some magnetic properties

• We shall address why soon

Structure Sensitivity/Insensitivity

Plastic Bag./flyer

The Range of Properties

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Recapping………..

•4 groups of properties– Physical, – Mechanical,– Chemical,– Dimensional

•4 groups of materials– Ceramics– Metals– Polymers– Composites

• Structure sensitive properties

Recapping………..

•4 groups of properties– Physical, – Mechanical,– Chemical, – Dimensional

•4 groups of materials– Ceramics– Metals– Polymers– Composites

• Structure sensitive properties

MechanicalSimple definitions of the these:

StrengthDuctilityStiffnessToughnessDuctility/brittlenessHardnessElasticityPlasticity

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