Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering& Engineering

Course Objective...Introduce fundamental concepts in MaterialsScience

You will learn about: material structure

h t t di t t ti how structure dictates properties how processing can change structure

This course will help you to: use materials properly realize new design opportunities

with materials

Chapter 1 - 1

LECTURESLecturer: (Kwangheon Park)Time: Tue,Thu. 9:00 10:30am Location:1-365Location:1 365 Activities:

P t t i l Present new material Announce reading and homework Take quizzes and final Take quizzes and final

Chapter 1 - 2

COURSE MATERIALSRequired text:

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering, W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2008).John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2008).

Optional Material:Optional Material: The principles of engineering materials, Barrett, Nix, and

Tetelman

Chapter 1 - 3

COURSE WEBSITES

Course Website: http://web.kyunghee.ac.kr/~kpark/ Syllabus Lecture notes Answer keys Answer keys Grades

Text Website: http://www.wiley.com/college/callister

Chapter 1 - 4

Chapter 1 - Introductionp

What is materials science?What is materials science? Why should we know about it?

Materials drive our societyStone Age Stone Age

Bronze Age Iron AgeIron Age Now?

Silicon Age?g Polymer Age?

Chapter 1 - 5

Structure, Processing, & Properties

ex: hardness vs structure of steel Properties depend on structure

, g, p

600

(d)

Data obtained from Figs. 11.31(a)d 11 33 ith 4 t% C itiB

HN

)

400

500

60030m

(c)

(b) and 11.33 with 4 wt% C composition,and from Fig. 14.8 and associateddiscussion, Callister & Rethwisch 3e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.11.19; (b) Fig. 10.34;(c) Fig. 11.34;ne

ss (

300

4004m

(b)

30m

(a)

( ) g ( ) gand (d) Fig. 11.22, Callister & Rethwisch 3e.

Har

d

100

200

0 01 0 1 1 10 100 1000

30m30m

Processing can change structureCooling Rate (C/s)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Chapter 1 - 6

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel Processing can change structure

Types of Materialsyp Metals:

Strong, ductile High thermal & electrical conductivity Opaque, reflective.

Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing of es Soft, ductile, low strength, low density Thermal & electrical insulators Optically translucent or transparent.

Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)

Brittle glassy elastic Brittle, glassy, elastic Non-conducting (insulators)

Chapter 1 - 7

The Materials Selection Process

1. Pick Application Determine required Properties1. pp q pProperties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)Material: structure, composition.

3 M t i l Id tif i d P iProcessing: changes structure and overall shapeex: casting sintering vapor deposition doping

3. Material Identify required Processing

ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, dopingforming, joining, annealing.

Chapter 1 - 8

ELECTRICAL Electrical Resistivity of Copper:

6Adapted from Fig. 12.8, Callister & Rethwisch 3e. (Fig. 12.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M. Th Ph i f S lid 2 d

5

6 Thomson, Physics of Solids, 2nd

edition, McGraw-Hill Company, New York, 1970.)

3

4

stiv

ity,

Ohm

-m)

2

3

Res

is(1

0-8

O

T (C)-200 -100 0

1

0

Adding impurity atoms to Cu increases resistivity.Deforming C increases resisti it

T ( C)200 100 0

Chapter 1 - 9

Deforming Cu increases resistivity.

THERMALS Sh ttl Til Th l C d ti it Space Shuttle Tiles:-- Silica fiber insulation

offers low heat conduction.

Thermal Conductivityof Copper:-- It decreases whenIt decreases when

you add zinc!

y 400

Adapted from chapter-opening photograph, Chapter 17, Callister & R th i h 3 (C t

nduc

tivity

m-K

)

400

300

Rethwisch 3e. (Courtesy of LockheedMissiles and SpaceCompany, Inc.)

erm

al C

o(W

/m 200

100

f f C &

Composition (wt% Zinc)

The

00 10 20 30 40

Adapted fromFig. 19.4W, Callister 6e. (Courtesy of Lockheed Aerospace Ceramics Systems,

Adapted from Fig. 17.4, Callister & Rethwisch 3e. (Fig. 17.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals,

Chapter 1 - 10

y ,Sunnyvale, CA)(Note: "W" denotes fig. is on CD-ROM.)

( g g ), y ,1979, p. 315.)

100m

MAGNETIC Magnetic Permeability

vs. Composition: Magnetic Storage:

-- Recording medium p-- Adding 3 atomic % Si

makes Fe a betterrecording medium!

is magnetized byrecording head.

recording medium!

on Fe+3%Si

gnet

izat

i

Fe

Magnetic Field

Mag

Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, andA.S. Tetelman, The Principles ofEngineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9,1973. Electronically reproducedby permission of Pearson Education Inc

Fig. 18.23, Callister & Rethwisch 3e.(Fig. 18.23 is from J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin,Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.)

Chapter 1 - 11

by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.,Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

OPTICAL Transmittance:

-- Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, ory p , ,opaque depending on the material structure.

polycrystal: polycrystal:single crystal

polycrystal:low porosity

polycrystal:high porosity

Adapted from Fig 1 2Adapted from Fig. 1.2,Callister & Rethwisch 3e.(Specimen preparation,P.A. Lessing; photo by S. Tanner.)

Chapter 1 - 12

DETERIORATIVE Stress & Saltwater...

-- causes cracks! Heat treatment: slows

crack speed in salt water! p

held at 160C for 1 hred

(m/s

)

as-is10-8

160 C for 1 hr before testing

i i l drac

k sp

ee

10-10 Alloy 7178 tested in saturated aqueous NaCl solution at 23C

Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,

Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown

increasing loadcr

p p p g p g pChapter 16, Callister & Rethwisch 3e.(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.) 4m-- material:

7150 T651 Al "alloy"

Boveri Co.)

7150-T651 Al alloy(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)

Adapted from chapter opening

Chapter 1 - 13

Adapted from chapter-opening photograph, Chapter 11, Callister & Rethwisch 3e. (Provided courtesy of G.H. Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company.)

SUMMARYCourse Goals:

Use the right material for the job.

Understand the relation between properties,structure, and processing.

Recognize new design opportunities offeredb t i l l tiby materials selection.

Chapter 1 - 14