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Materials of Art and Archaeology
Bibliography
Part III. Organic Materials
Norbert S. Baer
Conservation Center Institute of Fine Arts New York University
October 2000
Introduction
Part I. Inorganic Materials (2003).
Part II. Metals (1999).
Part III. Organic Materials (2003).
Part IV. Instrumental Methods (2003).
Part V. Environment (1999).
Part VI. Museology (2003).
Part VII. Dating and Provenance (2003).
Part VIII Library and Archive Materials (2003).
Part IX Stone (1999).
Part X. Dyes and Pigments (2003).
Cumulative Index
May be obtained from:
Conservation Center Institute of Fine Arts New York University
14 East 78th Street New York, New York 10021
October 2000
PART III: ORGANIC MATERIALS
CONTENTS
Adhesives: General..............................................................................1
Adhesives: Textiles..............................................................................2
Adhesives: Wood.................................................................................2
Amino Acids and Proteins..................................................................2
Asphalt and Bitumen...........................................................................2
Autoxidation: Drying Oils...................................................................4
Biodeterioration...................................................................................4
Biodeterioration: Pesticides................................................................6
Carbohydrates......................................................................................6
Cellulose Ethers...................................................................................6
Color: History and Technology..........................................................7
Color: Science......................................................................................8
Dyes....................................................................................................11
Dyes: Alizarin....................................................................................12
Dyes: Cochineal.................................................................................12
Dyes: Gamboge.................................................................................12
Dyes: Indigo.......................................................................................13
Dyes: Madder Red.............................................................................13
Dyes: Tumeric....................................................................................13
Enzymes.............................................................................................13
Ethnographic Leather........................................................................14
General Organic Chemistry References..........................................14
Ivory and Bone...................................................................................14
Leather................................................................................................15
Lining of Paintings............................................................................16
Natural Products................................................................................17
Paints and Coatings...........................................................................18
Panel Paintings: Warping.................................................................18
Phenols................................................................................................19
Polymer Chemistry............................................................................19
Soaps and Detergents........................................................................21
Solvents..............................................................................................21
Solvents: Acetone.............................................................................22
Solvents: Benzene.............................................................................22
Solvents: Cellosolve..........................................................................23
Solvents: Diacetone Alcohol............................................................23
Textiles...............................................................................................23
Toxicity...............................................................................................24
Varnishes............................................................................................25
Waxes.................................................................................................26
Wood: Conservation..........................................................................26
Wood: Technology............................................................................28
Wood: Waterlogged...........................................................................29
Ii
Adhesives: General
K.W. Allen et al., Adhesion, K.W. Allen, Editor, Volumes I and II, (Based on papers presented at yearly conferences on Adhesion and Adhesives) Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd., Barking, U.K., Volume I (1977) 315pp: Volume II (1978) 324pp.
Anon., "Araldite as an Aid to Archaeology," Ciba Technical Notes, No.218 (1961) p.10.
Anon., "About the Use of Some Araldite Resins in the Restoration Workshop," Ergänzungsbände des Berliner Jahrbuchs für Vor - und Frühgeschichte 1 1-3 (1964).
Anon.,"A Primer on Household Glues," Consumer Reports 42 No.10 576-580 (October 1977).
ASTM, "Adhesion Measurement of Thin Films, Thick Films and Bulk Coatings," Symposium presented at American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (1976) 402pp.
J.J. Bikerman, The Science of Adhesive Joints, Academic Press, New York (1961) vii + 258pp.
N.M. Bikales, Editor, Adhesion and Bonding: Encyclopedia Reprints, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1971) x + 208pp.
R. Blumquist, Adhesives, Past Present and Future, American Society for Testing of Materials, Baltimore (1964).
British Standards Institution, Classification of Adhesives. BS 5407 (1976) 13pp.
C.V. Cagle, Adhesive Bonding, McGraw-Hill, New York (1968) ix + 35lpp.
Conservation Department, Victoria and Albert Museum, "Some Materials and Commercial Products Used in Conservation, with Details of Their Supplies," Mimeographed 10pp.
N.A. De Bruyne, Editor, Adhesion and Adhesives, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1965-1967) 2 volumes.
E. DeWitte and M. Goessens-Landrie, "The Use of Synthetic Polymers in Conservation An Annotated Bibliography: 1932-1974," AATA 13 No.1 201-281 (1976): 13 No.2 279-354 (1976).
J.L. Down,..., Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute, CCI, Ottawa, Canada (1992). 34pp.
R.S. Fraser, et al., "Method of Inducing High-Frequency Electric Current into a Thermosetting Adhesive Joint," Forest Products Journal 25 No.9 82 (September 1975).
N.I. Gaynes, "Acrylic Resins are the Technology," Metal Finishing 74 No. 10 47-54 (1976).
B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co., Latexes in Adhesive Systems (undated) 76pp.
D.J. Gordon, "Surface Properties of Silicone Release Coatings," Adhesives Age 19 No.6 21-27 (1976).
R. Henderwaldner, "The Use of Epoxy Resin Adhesives," Adhesion 6 446-458 (1962).
B. Herman, Adhesives Recent Developments, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, New Jersey (1976) 302pp.
R. Houwink, Editor, Adhesion and Adhesives, Elsevier, New York (1965).
International Center for the Study of The Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, Synthetic Materials Used in the Conservation of Cultural Property, Rome (1963)
L.-H. Lee, Editor, Fundamentals of Adhesion Plenum, New York (1990) 454pp.
E.J. Lehmann, Adhesives: A Bibliography with Abstracts 1970 - 1975 , NTIS-PS-75-704 (1975).
H. Lehmann, "Synthetic Materials for Impregnation and Adhesion of Artistic or Decorative Paintings," Maltechnik Restauro 1 No. 2 105-108 (1972).
W.J. Marion, "Epoxide Resins," Research 7 351-355 (1954).
H.F. Mark, "Polymers for Extreme Service Conditions," Macromolecules 10 No. 5 (1977).
E.P. McGuire, Adhesives Raw Materials Handbook, Padrick, New Jersey (1964) 129pp.
K. Meyerhans, "Twenty Years of Araldite," Ciba Publication No. 33870 (1966) pp.2-3.
P. Michaels, "Epoxy Resins," IIC - AG Bulletin 1 No.2 12 (1961).
Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, "Strong PVA Adhesive Composition," JAP 761029, 534, Japenese Patent Report, 76, No. 35, GpGI (1976).
Noyes Data Corporation, Adhesives, Guidebook and Directory, New Jersey (1972).
D.E. Packham, Editor, Handbook of Adhesion John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Jersey (1993). 544pp.
S.E. Podlaseck, Nonmetallic Materials Handbook. Volume I: Epoxy Materials, NASA-CR-3133 (May 1979) 249pp. Available NTIS.
E.G. Rochow, Silicon & Silicones, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1987). xi + 180pp.
A. Rosequist, "New Methods for the Consolidation of Fragile Objects," Recent Advances in Conservation, IIC (1963) pp. 140-144.
L. Sharpe, Adhesives, Institute of Science and Technology (April 1964).
J. Shields, Adhesives Handbook, CRC Press, Cleveland (1970) 355pp.
I. Skeist, Handbook of Adhesives, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1977) 291pp.
R.C. Snogren, "All You Need to Know About Adhesives," Popular Science 92-97 (December 1971).
W.C. Wake, Adhesion and the Formulation of Adhesives, 2nd Edition, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., London and New York (1982, c.1976).
W.C. Wake, "Sticking Together to Last," Spectrum No.159 7-10 (1979).
R.F. Webb, "Modern Glues," Research 13 (December 1960). See Also: Adhesives: Paper; Adhesives: Textiles; Adhesives: Wood; Library Binding; Lining of Paintings; and Polymer Testing.
Adhesives: Textiles
P. Himmelstein and B. Appelbaum, "The Use of Sprayed PVA Resin Mixtures in the Mounting of Textiles," American Institute for Conservation Journal 17 No.l 37-44 (1977).
Huels Chemische Werke, "The Use of Adhesion Promoting Additives in Textile Hot-Melt Adhesives Based on Copolyamides," Brit. I, 504, 579, 4pp.
A. Lapitskii et al., "Epoxy Resin Binder for Textiles and Lacquer," USSR 478,850: Soviet.Invent. Ill. 10 No.34 (1976).
J. Leene, "Restoration and Preservation of Ancient Textiles and Natural Science," Recent Advances in Conservation, IIC (1963) pp.190-191.
K. Marko, "Experiments in Supporting a Tapestry Using the Adhesive Method," The Conservator 2 26-29 (1978).
P. Reeves, "Some Techniques of Textile Conservation Including the Use of a Vacuum Hot Table," Preservation of Paper and Textiles: Advances in Chemistry Series 164 (1977) pp.181-188.
See Also: Adhesives: General; and Adhesives: Textiles.
Adhesives: Wood
M. Adamca, "Evaluation of Adhesives with Regard to Dielectric Heating," Dreuo 31 No.l 7-9 (1976).
Anon., "Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesives for Wood," Building Digest, Gartson No.209 (1978).
W. Clad, "0n the Elasticity of Cured Glue Lines in Wood Bondings," Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 23 (1965).
W. Domaslowski and T. Zaremba, "Research on the Optimal Conditions for Impregnation of Wood with Epoxy Resins in Solutions," Zeszyty Naukowe UMK, Zabytkoznawstwo i Konserwatorstevo 3 No.28 215-228 (1968).
T. Furino, "Structure of Interface Between Wood and Synthetic Polymers," Abstracts Bulletin, Institute of Paper Chemistry 46 No.11, Abstract 11109 (1976).
M. Hamsik, "The Flattening and Stabilization of Soft Wood Panel Paintings by Means of a Method Which Respects Their Original Technical Structure," Conservation of Wood in Paintings and the Decorative Arts (1978) pp.175-177.
R. Hoyle, "Designing Wood Structures Bonded with Elastomeric Adhesives," Forest Products Journal 26 No.3 (1976).
V.A. Ivanov et al., "Cross-Linkable PVA Wood Adhesive," USSR 452,572: Soviet Invent. IV No.5 GpGI (1976).
R.A. Laidlaw, "Polyvinyl acetate Glues for Wood," BRE Inf. 15 5/76 News Timber Res., (March 1976).
See Also: Adhesives: General; and Wood: Conservation.
Amino Acids and Proteins
P.E. Hare, "Geochemistry of Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids," Organic Geochemistry, Springer-Verlag, New York (1969) Chapter 18.
P.E. Hare, "Amino Acid Composition by Column Chromatography," Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Volume 8, Edited by S.B. Needleman, Second Edition (1975) Chapter 7.
J.F. Henahan, "R. Bruce Merrifield, Designer of Protein-Making Machine," C & E News, August 2, 1971, pp.22-26.
C.A.J. Hoeve and A.S. Tata, "The Structure of Water Absorbed in Collagen," Journal of Physical Chemistry 82 No.14 l660-1663 (1978).
M.L. Tanzer, "Cross-Linking of Collagen," Science 180 561-566 (1973).
See also: DNA Profiling; Ivory and Bone; and Racemization Dating. (Part VII)
Asphalt and Bitumen
H. Abraham, Asphalts and Allied Substances, Their Occurence, Modes of Production, Uses in the Arts, and Methods of Testing, Vol. l, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Princeton (1960).
An American Artist, Handbook of Young Artists and Amateurs in Oil Painting, John Wiley, New York (1860).
A.D. Baynes-Cope, "A Test for Pitch and Bitumen," The Analyst 80 No.956 839-840 (1955).
J.G. Bearn, The Chemistry of Paints, Pigments and Varnishes, Ernest Benn, Ltd., London (1923).
E. Berger, Beiträge zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Maltechnik, Georg D.W. Callwey, Munich (1904).
Bertrauts-Couture, Thomas Couture, sa vie, son oeuvre, son caractère, ses idées, sa méthode, LeGarrec, Paris (1932).
R.D. Bleck, "Das Pech von Ruppersdorf," Alt Thüringen 9 204-208 (1967).
A. Boime, "Newman Ryder, Couture and Hero-Worship in Art History," American Art Journal 3 No.2 Fall 5-22 (1971). H.A. Buttery, "Reynolds' Painting Technique," D. Hudson, Sir Joshua Reynolds, A Personal Study, Geoffrey Bles, London (1958).
B. Chaet, "Collage Transformed: Interview with Corrado Marca-Relli," Arts 33 No.9 64-65 (1959).
G.V. Chilingarian and T.F. Yen, Editors, Bitumens, Asphalts and Tar Sands, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1978).
A.H. Church, The Chemistry of Paints and Painting, Seely and Co., Ltd., London (1890).
Color Index, 2nd Edition, The Society of Dyers and Colourists and American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Lowell, Mass. (1956).
M. Cotter, E. Sayre and P. Meyers, A Study of the Materials and Techniques Used by Some 19th Century American Oil Painters by Means of Neutron Activation Analysis, Brookhaven National Laboratories (1972).
W. Cotton, Sir Joshua Reynolds and His Works, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts, London (1856).
T. Couture, Conversations on Art Methods (Méthode et Entretiens d'Atelier). tr. by S.E. Stewart, G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York (1879).
A.G. Douglas and P.J. Grantham, "Fingerprint Gas Chromatography in the Analysis of Some Bitumens, Asphalts and Related Substances," In Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1973, B. Tissot and F. Bienner, Editors, Editions Technip, Paris (1974). pp. 261-276.
C.L. Eastlake, Methods and Materials of Painting of the Great Schools and Masters, Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans (1847; Reprint Dover Publications, New York,1960).
R.P. Evershed, K. Jerman and G. Eglington, "Pine Wood Origin for Pitch from the Mary Rose," Nature 314 528-530 (1985).
G. Field, Chromatography; or a Treatise on Colours and Pigments and Their Powers in Painting, New Edition, Tile and Bogue, London (1841).
H.E Field, The Technique of Oil Paintings and Other Essays, Ardsley House, Brooklyn (1913).
M. Fischer, The Permanent Palette, National Publishing Society, New York (1930).
R.B. Gettens and G.L. Stout, Paintings Materials, A Short Encyclopedia, Reprint: Dover Publications, New York (1966, c.1942).
T.J. Gullick, Painting Popularly Explained, 4th Ed., Crosby Lockwood and Co., London (1876).
R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600 - 1835: A Study in English Documentary Sources, 2nd Edition, Butterworth, London and Boston (1982, c.1970) asphaltum: pp.150-152, 156, 183; bitumen: pp.150-152.
M. Hess, Paint Film Defects, Reinhold, New York (1965).
A.J. Hoiberg, ed., Bituminous Materials: Asphalts, Tars and Pitches, Volumes I and II, Interscience Publishers, New York (1964).
C. Keck, Handbook on the Care of Paintings, 3rd Ed., American Association for State and Local History, Nashville (1976).
S. Keck, "Mechanical Alteration of the Paint Film," Studies in Conservation 14 No.2 9 (1969).
H. Kittel, Pigmente, Herstellung, Eigenschaften, Anwendung, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart (1960).
H. Kühn, Die Pigmente in den Gemälden der Schack - Galerie , Doerner-Institut, Munich (1969).
A.P. Laurie, The Materials of the Painter's Craft, T.N. Foulis, London (1910).
A. Lucas, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold, London (1962).
T.S. Mahon, "The Use of Bitumen as a Painting Material," M.A. Qualifying Paper, NYU, IFA, New York.
F. Margival, "Importance du liant," Peintures, Pigments, Vernis 41 No.5/6 321-324, 390-396 (1965).
R.F. Marschner and H.T. Wright, "Asphalts from Middle Eastern Archaeological Sites," In Archaeological Chemistry II 150-171 (1978).
T.T. de Mayerne, Pictoria Sculptoria et qua subalternarum artium, 1620-1648 (British Museum, Sloane No.2052), Editors, M. Faidutti and C. Versini, Audin Imprimeurs, Lyon (1967).
M.P. Merrifield, Original Treatises on the Arts of Painting, Editor, S.M. Alexander, John Murray, London (1849; Reprint Dover Publications, New York, 1967).
F.W. Morton, "Work of Ralph A. Blakelock," Brush and Pencil 9 No.5 257-269 (1902).
W.J. Muckley, A Handbook for Painters and Art Students on the Character and Use of Colors, Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London (1880).
R. Pleiner, "Medieval Technology of the Tar Factory at Krasna Dolina near Rakovnik, Bohemia," Pamatky Archeologicke 61 472-518 (1970). In Czech with German Summary.
W.M. Power, On the Preservation and Restoration of Paintings, W. Power, Ltd., Westminster (1923?).
E. Richter and H. Harlin, "A Nineteenth-Century Collection of Pigments and Painting Materials," Studies in Conservation 19 No.2 76-81 (1974).
J.P. Ridner, The Artists' Chromatic Bond - Book , Putnam New York (1850).
Riffault, Vergnaud and Toussaint, A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture of Colors for Painting, Editor, M.F. Malepeyre, tr. by A.A. Fesquet, Baird, Philadelphia; and Sampson, Low, Marston, Low and Searle, London (1874).
A. Salpukas, "A New Slant on Exxon Valdez Spill," New York Times 1 December (1993). F. Schmid, The Practice of Painting, Faber, Ltd., London (1948).
S.J. Solomon, The Practice of Oil Painting, Seely, Service and Co., Ltd., London (1914).
H.C. Standage, The Artist's Manual of Pigments, Janentzky and Weber, Philadelphia (1886).
M. Toch, Materials for Permanent Painting, Van Nostrand Company, New York (1911).
J.G. Vibert, The Science of Painting, tr. by P. Young (from the 8th Ed., 1892), Percy Young, London (1915).
Vitruvius, Ten Books on Architecture, tr. by M. H. Morgan, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. (1914; Reprint Dover Publications, New York, 1960).
K. Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, tr. by U. Dix, Van Nostrand Rheinhold Company, New York (1975).
G. Zerr and R. Rubencamp, A Treatise on Color Manufacture, tr. by C. Mayer, Charles Griffin and Co., Ltd., London (1908).
Autoxidation: Drying Oils
N.S. Baer and N. Indictor, "Linseed Oil - Metal Acetylacetonate Systems III. Infrared Spectroscopic Observations on the Drying Process," Journal of Coatings Technology 48 No.623 58-62 (1976).
A.H. Church, The Chemistry of Paints and Painting, Seeley, London (1890).
R.L. Feller, N. Stolow and E.H. Jones, On Picture Varnishes and Their Solvents, Rev and enl. Edition, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (c.1985), Originially Published: Case Western Reserve University Press, Cleveland (1971).
P.S. Hess and G.A. O'Hare, "Oxidation of Linseed Oil: Temperature Effects," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 42 No.7 1424-1431 (1950).
N. Indictor, N.S. Baer and M.J.D. Low, "The Drying of Linseed Oil in the Presence of Pigments Containing Iron," Proceedings of the 14th World Congress, International Society for Fat Research, Section: Lipids and Works of Art, Brighton, England (1978) pp.27-29.
N. Indictor, A. Salotto and N.S. Baer, "Linseed Oil - Metal Acetylacetonate Systems I. Viscosity Changes and Autoxidation," Journal of Paint Technology 47 No. 601 36-40 (1975).
N. Indictor, C.H. Shahani, M.J.D. Low and N.S. Baer, "Linseed Oil - Metal Acetylacetonate Systems V. Thermogravimetry of Iron-Based Pigments," Journal of Coatings Technology 51 No.659 67-71 (1979).
N. Indictor, C.H. Shahani, N.S. Baer and M.J.D. Low, "Linseed Oil - Metal Acetylacetonate Systems IV. Thermogravimetry," Journal of Coatings Technology 50 No.638 54-61 (1978).
H.P. Kaufmann and H. Bruning, "Co-polymerisationen auf dem Anstrichmittelgebiet III: Die Reaktion Trockender Öle mit Inden," Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 62 No.12 1146-1152 (1960); AATA 4 3506.
H.B. Lee and D.T. Turner, "Autoacceleration of Free-Radical Polymerization. 2. Methyl Methacrylate," Macromolecules 10 No.2 226-231 (1977).
H.B. Lee and D.T. Turner, "Autoacceleration of Free"Radical Polymerization. 3. Methyl Methacrylate plus Diluents," Macromolecules 10 No.2 231-235 (1977).
J.E.O. Mayne and E.H. Ramshaw, "Autoxidation of the Lead Soaps of the Linseed Oil Fatty Acids," Journal of Applied Chemistry 13 No.12 553-560 (1963).
O.S. Privett, M.L. Blank, J.B. Covell and W.O. Lundberg, "Yellowing of Oil Films," American Oil Chemists' Society, Journal 38 No.1 22-27 (1961).
L. Reich and S.S. Stivala, Autoxidation of Hydrocarbons and Polyolefins; Kinetics and Mechanisms, Marcel Dekker, New York (1969).
R.W. Stafford and W.G. Deichert, "Coatings," Analytical Chemistry 27 No.4 606-611 (1955).
D.T. Turner, "Autoacceleration of Free-Radical Polymerization. 1. The Critical Concentration," Macromolecules 10 No.2 221-226 (1977).
H. Wexler, "The Polymerization of Drying Oils," Chemical Reviews 64 591-611 (1964).
An extensive bibliography on linseed oil appears in the following references:
N.S. Baer and N. Indictor, "Linseed Oil and Related Materials: An Annotated Bibliography: Part I - From Antiquity to 1940," AATA 9 No.1 153-240 (1972); Part II - "From 1941-1960," AATA 9 No.2 159-241 (1972); Part III - "From 1961-1972," AATA 10 No.1 155-256 (1973); Part IV - "From 1973-1975," Lipids and Works of Art, Proceedings of the 13th ISF World Congress, Marseille (1976)
pp.17-31; Part V - "From 1976-1977," Lipids and Works of Art, Proceedings of the 14th ISF World Congress, Brighton (1978).
See Also: Paints and Coatings
Biodeterioration
O.P. Agrawal and N. Pathak, Biodeterioration of Ethnological Objects, INTACH Indian Conservation Institute, Lucknow, India (1993) 42pp.
H.R. Ambler and C.F. Finney, "Brown Stain Formed on Wet Cellulose," Nature 179 1141 (1957).
H. Aria, "Microbiological Studies on the Conservation of Mural Paintings in Tumuli." Conservation and Restoration of Mural Paintings, Vol. 1. International Symposium on the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, November 17-21, 1983, Tokoyo: Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, 1984. pp. 117-124.
C.H. Bayley, "Microbiological Process Discussion: Some Auxiliary Effects of Textile Fungicides," Applied Microbiology 4 2 (1956).
D. Baynes-Cope, "Some Observations on Foxing at the British Museum Research Laboratory," International Biodeterioration Bulletin 12 No.1 31-33 (1976).
T.D. Beckwith, W.H. Swanson and T. Liams, "Deterioration of Paper: The Cause and Effect of Foxing," Publ. Univ. Calif. Biol. Sci. 13 299-356 (1940).
L.A. Belyakova, "The Mold Species and Their Injurious Effect on Various Book Materials," Collection of Materials on the Preservation of Library Resources, No.2: L.G. Petrova, Ed., Moscow (1953); No.3: L.A. Belyakova and O.V. Kozulina, Ed., Moscow (1958); tr. by B. Toher, E. Rabinantz, Ed., Jerusalem (1964) p.184.
P. Benveduti, "Diagnosi precoce delle infezioni microbiche della carta," Quaderni: Bolletino dell'istituto centrale per la patologia del libro l 153-154 (1939).
S.S. Block, "Humidity Requirements for Mold Growth," Engng. Progr. Univ. lorida 7 10 (1953).
G.G. Briggs, Editor, Advances in the Chemistry of Insect Contorol III, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (1993). vi + 250pp.
T. Cairns and J. Sherma, Editors, Comprehensive Analytical Profiles of Important Pesticides, In Series: Modern Methods for Pesticide Analysis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1992) 288pp.
G. Caneva, M.P. Nugari and O. Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome (1991). x + 182pp.
M.L. Chalk, "`Foxing' of Prints," PATRA Journal l No.2 12 (1960). A.F. Clapp, Curatorial Care of Works of Art on Paper: Basic Procedures for Paper Preservation, Nick Lyons Books, New York (1987, c.1974) x + 191pp.
E. Czerwinska and R. Kowalik, "Penicillia Destroying Archival Papers," Acta Micro - biologica Polonica 5 299-302 (1956) In Polish with English summary.
F. Gallo, "Biological Agents Which Damage Paper Materials in Libraries and Archives," Recent Advances in Conservation, IIC Rome Conference, 1961, Ed., Garry Thomson, London (1968).
J.A. Gascoigne and M.M. Gascoigne, Biological Degradation of Cellulose, Butterworths, London (1960) 264pp.
M. Gilberg and A. Roach, "The Effects of Low Oxygen Atmospheres on the Powderpost Beetle, Lyctus Brunneus (Stephens)," Studies in Conservation 38 No.2 128-132 (1993).
J.D. Harmon, Integrated Pest Management in Museum, Library and Archival Facilities: A Step by Step Approach for the Design, Development, Implementation and Maintenance of an Integrated Pest Management Program, Harmon Preservation Pest Management, Indianapolis, IN (1993) iii + 140pp.
R.J. Koestler, Editor, Biodeterioration of Cultural Property, Elsevier Applied Science, London (1991), vii + 341pp.
R.J. Koestler and E.D. Santoro, Assessment of the Susceptibility to Biodeterioration of Selected Polymers and Resins, Getty Conservation Institute (1988).
R. Kowalik, Microorganisms That Destroy the Archival Papers, Prace Placowek Naukowo Badawczy Ministerstwa Przemyslu Chimiczenego Zeszyt 2/52, Warsaw.
R. Kowalik, Microorganisms Destroying Paper, Leather and Wax Seals Pathogenic for Man, Muzeum Mickiewixza, Warsaw (1960).
R. Kowalik, "Some Problems of Microbiological Deterioration of Paper," Annali della Scuola Speciale per Archivisti e Bibliotecari dell' Università di Roma 9 Nos.1-2 61-80 (1969).
R. Kowalik and I. Sadurska, "Microorganisms Destroying Paper, Leather and Wax Seals in the Air of Archives," Acta Microb. Polon. 5 Nos.1-2 277-284 (1956).
T.M. Liams and T.D. Beckwith, "Some Notes on the Causes and Prevention of Foxing in Books," Library Quarterly of America 5 4 (1935).
G.G. Meynell and R.J. Newsam, "Foxing, A Fungal Infection of Paper," Nature 274 466-468 (1978).
J.F. Mills, "The Restoration of Prints and Watercolors," Repairers' News Sheet No.27 August 11-12 (1975).
A. Nekrasov and L. Balygina, "Problems of Preservation of Murals of Andrei Rublev in the Assumption Cathedral at Vladimir." Preprints, Committee for Conservation, 5th Triennial Meeting, Zagreb 1978 Vol. 3 78/15/10/1.
I.P. Niuska, "Experimental Pigmentation of Paper Samples by Fungi," Stareniye bumagi, Laboratory of Conservation and Restoration of Documents, U.S.S.R. Academey of Sciences, Moscow-Leningrad, 82-93 (1965).
I.P. Niuksa, "Microflora of Books and Paper," Bot. Zh. 41 No.6 797-809 (1956).
J.P. Nyuksha, "Changes in the Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Paper as Affected by the Fungus Gymnoascus setosus," Mikrobiologiya 29 No.2 678-681 (1960). J.P. Nyuksha, "A Taxonomic Survey of Fungi Dwelling on Paper, Books and Pulp," Botanicheski Zurnal 46 70-79 (1961).
Y.P. Nyuksha, "A Microscopic Study of Paper Discolored by the Fungus Gymnoascus setosus," Mikrobiologiya 29 Nb.1 133-136 (1960); Microscopy of Pulp and Paper, Bibliographic Series. No.177, 2nd Edition (1964).
S.C. Pavon Flores, "Gamma Radiation as Fungicide and Its Effects on Paper," AIC Bulletin 16 No.1 19 (1975-1976).
A.P. Petrova-Zavgorodnyaya and D.P. Erastov, "Determination of Mould Contamination of Paper by Luminescence," Bull. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., Ser. Biol. 3 403-411 (1959).
J. Petushkova and N. Lyalikova, "Microbiological Degradation of Lead-containing Pigments in Mural Paintings." Studies in Conservation, Vol. 31 1986. pp. 65-69.
F.G. Poole, "Fungus Deterioration," Library and Archives Conservation, The Boston Athenaeum's 1971 Seminar, Editors., G.M. Cunha and N.P. Tucker, Boston (1972) pp.61-62.
R.E. Press, "Observations on the Foxing of Paper," Int. Biodem. Bull. 12 No.1 27-30 (1976).
J.R. Samborn, "Development and Control of Microorganisms in Pulp and Paper Systems," J. Bact. 25 (1933).
G.H.R. Siu, Microbial Decomposition of Cellulose, New York (1951).
J.H. Stoner, N. Indictor and N.S. Baer, "Linseed Oil - Metal Acetyl-acetonate Systems: II. Fungicidal Studies on Canvas Supports," Journal of Paint Technology 47 No.611 39-49 (1975).
J.C. Streibig and P. Kudsk, Editors, Herbicide Bioassays, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1992) 250pp.
A. Tonolo and C. Giacobini, "Microbiological Changes on Frescoes," Recent Advances in Conservation, Ed. G. Thompson, London, Butterworths, 1963. pp. 62-64.
J. Van der Molen, J. Garty, B. Ardema and W. Krumbein, "Growth and Control of Algae and Cyanobacteria on Historical Monuments by a Mobile UV Unit," Studies in Conservation, Vol. 25 1980. pp. 71-77.
Z.A. Zaguliaeva, "The Influence of Acidity on Fungi Growth in Paper," Stareniye bumagi 75-81 (1965).
Biodeterioration: Pesticides
S.A. Briggs, Basic Guide to Pesticides: Their Characteristics and Hazards, Hemisphere Publishing, Washington, D.C. (1992) xvii + 283pp.
T. Cairns and J. Sherma, Editors, Emerging Strategies for Pesticide Analysis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1992) 368pp.
New York Textile Conservation Group, "Pesticides and Fumigants Used by Art Conservators," R. Lowinger and S. THomassen-Krauss, Compilers, following survey in 1981. 9 pp.
Occupational Health Services, Pestline, Van Nostrand, New York (1991). Xvi + 2097pp.
A. Raver, "From the Ancient Neem Tree, a New Insecticide," New York Times 5 June (1994). p. 49.
J.L. Robertson and J.K. Preisler, Pesticide Bioassays with Arthropods, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1992) 144pp.
J.L. Schnoor, Editor, Fate of Pesticides and Chemicals in the Environment, John Wiley, NY (1992) 460pp.
T. Visser, Infrared Spectra of Pesticides, Marcel Dekker (1993).
L.A. Zycherman, Editor, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, D.C. (1988) xi + 205pp.
Carbohydrates
N. Bikales and L. Segal, ed., Cellulose and Cellulose Chemistry, Volume V, Parts 4-5, Wiley Interscience (1971).
O.P. Golova and N.I. Nosova, "Degradation of Cellulose by Alkaline Degradation," Russian Chemical Reviews 42 No.4 327 (1973).
R.D. Guthrie and J. Honeyman, An Introduction to the Chemistry of Carbohydrates, 3rd Ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford (1968).
B. Honeyman, Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Cellulose and Starch, Interscience Publishers, New York (1959).
C.S. Hudson, "Emil Fischer's Discovery of the Configuration of Cellulose," Journal of Chemical Education 18 353 (1941).
E. Ott, H.M. Spurlin and M.W. Grafflin, Cellulose and Cellulose Chemistry, Volume V. Parts 1-3, 2nd Ed., Wiley Interscience (1971).
T. Padfield, The Deterioration of Cellulose, A Literature Review. Victoria and Albert Museum, London (1965).
L. Roth and J. Weiner, Chemical Modification of Cellulose, 3 vols. Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin (1966-1967).
V. Stannett, Cellulose Acetate Plastics, Temple Press, London (1950).
See Also: Cellulose Ethers; General Organic Chemistry References; and Paper.
Cellulose Ethers
Anon., "Trial Data on Paintings Materials: Mediums, Adhesives, and Film Substances," Technical Studies VI 26-68 (1937); Also, VI 111-145 (1937).
N.S. Baer, N. Indictor and W. Phelan, An Evaluation of Poly(vinyl acetate) Adhesives for Use in Paper Conservation," Restaurator 2 No.2 121-138 (1975).
O. Beger, "The Restoration of Tapestries," Speculum Artis 14 40-46 (1962).
N.G. Belen'kaia, W.F. Gorsenina and E.N. Kuzenetsova, "The Use of Methyl Cellulose for the Restoration of Archival and Library Material," Stareniye Bumagi., Laboratory of Conservation and Restoration of Documents, U.S.S.R., Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Leningrad, 94-111 (1965).
G. Berry, S. Hersh, P. Tucker and W. Walsh, "Reinforcing Degraded Textiles Part II: Properties of Resin-Treated, Artificially Aged Cotton Textiles," Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value, J.C. Williams, Editor, Advances in Chemistry Series, Washington, D.C. (1977) 249-260.
E. Bosshard van der Bruggen, "Conservation of a Gouache Painting on Fine Unprimed Canvas," Maltechnik Restauro 80 No.1 16-20 (1974).
G. Brannahl, "Papiergussverfahren," 2 Internationaler Graphischen Restauretorentag, Biblos - Schriften Vienna , 69 101-110 (1972).
A. Brenner, "High Polymers for Forming an Invisible, Soil-Resistant Coating on Canvas," The Great Decade of American Abstraction: Modernist Art 1960 - 1970 , The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 130-138 (1974).
A.F. Clapp, Curatorial Care of Works of Art on Paper, 3rd rev. Edition, Intermuseum Laboratory, Oberlin, Ohio (1978, c.1973).
T. Das and R. Kishore, "A Thin Paste for Repair and Mending: Use of Sarcell HV and Sarcell MV," Conservation of Cultural Property in India 3 32-37 (1968).
E. Denninger, "Konservierung der Renaissance Heiligenberg am Bodensee," Maltechnik Restauro 70 No.4 111-114 (1964).
U. Dix, "The Restoration of a Painting by Lucas Giodano" Maltechnik Restauro 72 36-41 (1966).
M.L. Florian and D. Dudley, "The Inherent Fungicidal Features of Some Conservation Processes," AIC Preprint, Dearborn, Michigan, 41-47 (1976).
H. Galland, "Schutz von Farben bei Kunstlichen Oxydationvorgangen (Bleichen)," Mitteilungen IADA 5 No.1 11-26 (1975).
G.H. Grosso, "Field Conservation at Ozette, Discussion Session," Pacific Northwest Wet Wood Conference, Proceedings No.2 91-97 (March 1977).
G.H. Grosso, "Volume Processing of Waterlogged Wood at a Remote Archaeological Site: Modification of Old Techniques, Identification of Special Problems, and Hopes for their Solution," Pacific Northwest Wet Wood Conference, Proceedings No.1 (September 1976).
S. Higuchi and S. Aoki, "Preservative Treatment of Iron Objects Excavated from Koganezuka Tumulus, Osaka Prefecture," Science for Conservation No.9 25-34 (March 1972).
S. Higuchi and T. Nakasato, "Conservation Treatment of Central Ornaments in Former Niigata Prefectoral Assembly Hall," Science for Conservation No.13 17-26 (March 1974).
N. Indictor, N.S. Baer and W. Phelan, "An Evaluation of Pastes for Use in Paper Conservation," Restaurator 2 No.2 139-149 (1975).
G. Kaltenbrunner, "Acrylharzfarben in der Graphic und Buchrestaurierung," Mitteilungen der Internationalen Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Archiv - Bibliotheks - und Graphik - restauratoren 3 539 (1973).
Y.P. Kathpalia, Conservation and Restoration of Archive Material, UNESCO, Paris (1973).
L.J. Majewski, "On Conservation: Research Projects Conducted at the NYU Institute of Fine Arts Conservation Center," Museum News 51 No.9 18-19 (1973).
F. Margival, "Importance du Liant," Peintures, Pigments, Vernis 41 321-324 (1965).
P. Mora and L. Sbordoni, "Metodo per la Rimorzione di Incrostazioni su Pietre Calcaree e su Dipinti Murali," Probleme di Conservatione 339-344 (1973).
P. Mucci, "Technical Notes: Resizing Book and Document Paper with Methylcellulose-Methocel A4C," Mid - Atlantic Archivist Newsletter 5 No.2 (April 1976).
G. Muller, "Zur Problematic des Janaer Papierspaltverfahrens," 2 Internationaler Graphischen Restauratorentag Biblos - Schriften, Vienna 69 183-190 (1972).
T.F. Nielson, "Resizing of Book and Document Papers with Methyl Cellulose," Archives and Manuscripts 6 No.9 415-418 (1977).
J. Nyuksha, "Restoration of Books and Documents by Application of Paper Pulp," Fumigation and Restoration of Library Materials, Saltykov-Shkhedrin Public Library, Leningrad, U.S.S.R., 47-56 (1959).
W.J. Plumbe, The Preservation of Books in Tropical and Subtropical Countries, London (1964).
R.A. Raff, I.W. Herrick and M. Adams, "Archival Document Preservation," Northwest Science 40 No.1 17-24 (1966).
L. Santucci, "Resistance and Stability of Paper, Part III: Effect of Sizing with Special Reference to Gelatine and Polyvinylalcohol," Quaderni: Bolletino dell'istituto centrale per la patologia del libro 20 145-157 (1961).
L. Santucci and M. Plossi, "Resistance and Stability of Paper, Part IV: An Investigation on Sizing," Quaderni: Bolletino dell'istituto centrale per la patologia del libro 28 97-117 (1969).
G. Thomson and A.E. Werner, Synthetic Materials Used in the Conservation of Cultural Property, ICOM, Paris (1963).
H.A.B. Van Soest, "Preservation and Restoration of Gilt Leather," Chemisch Weekblad 67 No.20 K30-31 (1971).
O. Wachter, "Fixierungmöglichkeiten für Eisengallustinten bei Chemischen Instand-setzungsarbeiten," Études concernant la restauration d'archives de livres et de manuscrits, Brussels, 223-233 (1974).
O. Wachter, "Die Neutralisierung Saurehaltiger Papiere," 2 Internationaler Graphischer Restauratorentag, Biblos - Schriften, Vienna 69 53-64 (1972).
M. Watherston, "Cleaning of Color Field Paintings," The Great Decade of American Abstraction: Modernist Art 1960 - 1970 , The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 119-129 (1974).
M. Watherston, "Treatment of Cupped and Cracked Paint Films Using Organic Solvents and Water," Conservation and Restoration of Pictorial Art, N. Brommelle and Perry Smith, editors London (1976).
Z.A. Zagulyaeva, "Biological Stability of Some Kinds of Methylcellulose Useful in Restoration Practice," Stareniye Bumagi, Laboratory of Conservation and Restoration of documents, U.S.S.R., Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Leningrad, 112-116 (1965).
See Also: Adhesives: General; Adhesives: Paper (Part VII).
Color: History and Technology
J. Albers, Interaction of Color: Studies: Commentary on Studies: Text, Yale University Press, New Haven (1963).
J. Bacon, The Theory of Coloring: Being an Analysis of the Principles of Contrast and Harmony, London (1866).
F. Birren, Principles of Color, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1969) 96pp.
W. Blake, Creative Color: A Practical Guide for Oil Painters, Watson-Guptill Publications (1972) 175pp. M.E. Chevreul, The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colors, George Bell and Sons. London (1890; Reprint of original edition).
A.K. Cross, Color Study, A Manual for Teachers and Students, Ginn, Boston (1895) vi + 73pp.
R. Girard, Color and Composition: A Guide for Artists, tr. by J. Gabriel, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York (1974).
J.W. Goethe, Theory of Colors, tr. by C.L. Eastlake (1840), MlT Press Edition, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1970) lxii + 423pp.
R.W.G. Hunt, The Reproduction of Color, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York (1967) 500pp.
J. Itten, The Elements of Color; A Treatise on the Color System of Johannes Itten, Based on His Book, The Art of Color, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1970) 96pp.
E. Jacobson, Basic Color: An Interpretation of the Ostwald Color System, P. Theobold, Chicago (1948) 207pp.
A.S. Jennings, Paint and Colour Mixing: A Practical Handbook, E. Spon and F.N. Spon, London (1904); also, 6th Ed. (1921).
D.L. MacAdam, ed., Sources of Color Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1970) 282pp.
E. Marx, The Contrast of Colors, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1973) 208pp.
Munsell Color Company, Munsell Book of Color, Baltimore, Maryland (1950).
W. Ostwald, The Color Primer, English Translation, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1969) 96pp.
V. Ronchi, The Nature of Light: A Historical Survey, Revised and tr. by V. Barocas, Heinemann, London (1970) xii + 288pp.
R. Rood, Color and Liqht in Painting, G.L. Stout, Editor, Columbia University Press, New York (1941) 299pp.
P. Syme, Werner's Nomenclature of Colours with Additions Arranqed so as to Render it Highly Useful, William Blackwood, Edinburgh (1821).
H. Schwarz, Colour for the Artist, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York (1968).
F.A. Taylor, Colour Technology for Artists, Craftsmen, and lndustrial Engineers, Oxford University Press, New York (1962).
E.J. Wall, The History of Three - color Photography , Focal Press, New York (1975; Reprint of 1925 Edition) 747pp.
See Also: Color: Science; Dyes; and Inorganic Pigments (Part I).
Color: Science
H. Akamatu, "Structures and Physical Properties of Molecular Compounds," Nippon Kessho Gakkaishi 15 187-200 (1973).
R.L.M. Allen, Colour Chemistry, Appleton Century-Crofts (1971) xii + 336pp.
Anon., "Interim Method of Measuring and Specifying Color Rendering of Light Sources," Illuminatinq Engineering July (1962).
H. Arens, Colour Measurement, tr. by K.H. Ruddock, Focal Library, New York (1967).
C. Arnoldy, "Liquid Crystals - A Bright Future," Color Engineering 9 21-25 November-December (1971).
ASTM, "Method for Specifying Color by the Munsell System," ASTM D 1535, 35pp.
ASTM, ASTM Standards on Color and Appearance Measurement Fifth Edition, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA (1996) 694pp.
J. Beck, "The Perception of Surface Color," Scientific American 233 August 62 (1975).
V. Bernstein, "Theoretical Studies of the Organic Charge Transfer Salts" (1974). Dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles, Diss. Abstr. Int. B 35 2370-2371 (1974).
F.W. Billmeyer, Jr., and M. Saltzman, Principles of Color Technology, Interscience, New York (1966) x + 181pp.
H.J. Bittrich, "Significance of Electron-Donor-Acceptor Interactions in the Theory of Solutions," Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. "Carl Schorlemmer" Leuna-Merseburg 17 24-34 (1975).
P.J. Bouma, Physical Aspects of Color, Elsevier, New York (1948) 312pp.
R.M. Boynton, "Mechanisms of Color Vision," Color Engineering 6 43-46 September-October (1968).
T.B. Brill, "The Appearance of Materials," Chemistry 50 No.10 6-9 (1977).
H.C. Brown and M. Grayson, "Kinetics of the Reaction of Representative Benzyl Halides with Aromatic Com-pounds: Evidence for a Displacement Mechanism in the Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Primary Halides," Journal of the American Chemical Society 75 6285-6292 (1953).
H. Burnham and Bartleson, Color: A Guide to Basic Facts and Concepts. New York. (1963).
R.W. Burnham and R.L. Malach, "Color Appearance Specification with Adaptation to Daylight and Tungsten Illumination," Journal of the Optical Society of America 50 1071-1074 (1960).
J.H. Carey, "Charge-Transfer Photochemistry of Selected Iron(III) Species" (1974). Available from National Library of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Dissertation Abstracts lnternational B 35 4819 (1975).
H. Chojnacki and J. Lipinski, "Electronic Spectra of Some Charge-Transfer Complexes," Acta Phys. Pol. A 46 61-64 (1974).
F.W. Clulow, Colour: Its Principles and Their Applications, Morgan and Morgan. New York (1972) 236pp.
Committee on Colorimetry, The Science of Color, Optical Society of America Washington, D.C. (1963) 385pp.
T.N. Cornsweet. Visual Perception, Academic Press, New York (1970) xiii + 975pp.
B.H. Crawford. "Just Perceptible Colour Differences in Relation to Leve of Illumination," Studies in Conservation 18 No.4 159-166 (1973).
P.W. Crockett, Editor, Color Vision: A Bibliography with Abstracts, NTIS/PS-78/0047 (1978). Contains 170 abstracts.
J.D. Donaldson and J. Silver, "High Symmetry Environments in Compounds of Elements with the ns2-Outer-Electronic Configuration," Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 20 537-540 (1974).
F. Effenberger and P. Fischer, "Detection and Identification of EDA Complexes and Complexes," Method. Chim. 1 Pt.B 666-677 (1974), E.F. Korte, Editor, Academic Press, New York.
R.M. Evans, An Introduction to Color, Wiley, New York (1948) x + 340pp.
R.M. Evans, "Perception of Color," Industrial Color Technology Advances in Chemistry Series 107, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 43-68 (1972).
C.P. Flynn, "Charge-Transfer Complexes in Metals," Comments Solid State Physics 6 1-6 (1974).
M. Fogden and P. Fogden, Animals and Their Colors, Crown Publishers, New York (1974).
R.S. Foster, "Color as an Aspect of Appearance," Advances in Chemistry Series 107 Industrial Color Technology, 17-22 (1972).
J.L. Fox, Focus Turns to Protein's Role Early in Vision" C&E News March 13 (1978) pp.22-23.
E.M. Gershenzon. "Spectral Studies of Weakly-Bound States in Semiconductors in Sub-millimeter Range," Proceedings of the International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, 12th, 355-362 (1974), M.H. Pilkunh, editor, Teubner, Stuttgart.
V. Gutmann, "Weak Coordination-Chemical Interactions," Oesterrichischer Chemiker Zeitung 75 1-7 (1974).
G. Hallas. "Color Chemistry. I. Principles Color and Molecular Structure," Sch. Science Reviews 56 507-521 (1975).
G. Hallas, "Color Chemistry. II. Characteristics of Dyes and Pigments," Sch. Science Reviews 56 699-717 (1975).
G. Harbeke, "Optical Properties of Semiconductors," Optical Properties of Solids 21-92 (1972), F. Abeles, Ed., No. Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
R. Hart, "Basics of Visual Psychology," Industrial Photography (March 1977) pp.36, 37, 40, 41, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58.
M. Hida, "Chemistry of Color," Kagaku Kogyo 24 1154-1163 (1973).
J. Huheey, "New Compounds and New Ideas," REACTS, 1st, 97-110 (1970).
P.S. Hunter, "How Does it Look to You?" Industrial Research and Development August 68-72 (1979).
E.E. Jaffe and W.J. Marshall, "Origin of Color in Organic Compounds," Chemistry 37 December 7-13 (1964).
R.M. Johnston, "Analysis and Description of Color with Spectrophotometry," Color Engineering 3 No.3 12-14, 16-18, 25 (1965).
R.M. Johnston, "What Is Color? Introduction to Colorimetry," Industiral Color Technology Advances in Chemistry Series 107, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 4-16 (1972).
R.M. Johnston and M. Saltzman (Symposium Chairmen), Industrial Color Technology, Advances in Chemistry Series 107 American Chemical Society, Washington. D.C. (1972) x + 177pp.
F. Jordan, "Nonempirical Study on the ion-Pair Type Charge-Transfer Complex, Pyridinium Hydrochloride," Journal of the American Chemical Society 97 3330-3336 (1975).
C.K. Jorgensen, Absorption Spectra and Chemical Bonding in Complexes, Pergamon Press, New York (1962).
D.B. Judd, Color in Business, Science and lndustry, Wiley, New York (1952) ix + 401pp.
K.L. Kelly and D.B. Judd, The ISCC - NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names, U.S. Government Printing Office (1955) v + 158pp.
V.K. Kondratov, "Determination of the Stability Constants of (Charge-Transfer) Complexes," Zh. Fiz. Khim. 49 1537-1539 (1975). H. Kuroda. "Structures and Properties of Solid Molecular Complexes and Radical Salts. Brief Review of Recent Studies in Japan," Energy Charge Transfer Organic Semiconductors, Proceedings, U.S. - Japan Seminar, 177-182 (1974), K. Masuda and M. Silver, ed., Plenum Press, New York.
E.H. Land, "The Retinex Theory of Color Vision," Scientific American 237 December 108-128 (1977).
R.J. Laub and R.L. Pecsok, "Study of Charge Transfer Complexation by Gas-Liquid Chromatography," Journal of Chromatography 113 47-68 (1975).
A.B.P. Lever, Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, Elsevier, New York (1968).
H.W. Levison, Artists' Pigments: Lightfastness Tests and Ratings: The Permanency of Artists' Colors and an Evaluation of Modern Pigments, Colorlab, Hallandale, Florida (1976) 107pp.
A.L. Loeb, Color and Symmetry, Wiley Interscience, New York (1971) xiii + 179pp.
M. Luckiesh, Color and its Application, D. Van Nostrand Co., New York (1921).
S.M. Luria, "Color Vision," Physics Today 19 March 34-40 (1966).
D.I.A. MacLeod and M. Hayhoe, "Rod Origin of Prolonged Afterimages," Science 185 1171-1172 (1974).
E.F. MacNichol, Jr., "Three-Pigment Color Vision," Scientific American 221 December 48-56 (1964).
R.E. Marc and H.G. Sperling, "Color Receptor Identities of Goldfish Cones," Science 191 487-489 (1976).
P.G. Manning, "Origin of Grey and Black Colors of Ancient Pottery. Role of Iron and Titanium(4+) Ions," Archaeometry 17 233-235 (1975).
S.P. McGlynn, "Energetics of Molecular Complexes," Chem. Rev. 58 1113-1156 (1958).
F. Metelli, "The Perception of Transparency," Scientific American 230 April 90ff. (1974).
M.W. Mosher and J.M. Ansell, "Preparation and Color of Azo-Dyes," Journal of Chemical Education 52 195-196 (1975).
R.S. Mulliken, "Forces intermoleculaires de transfer de charge," J. Chim. Phys. 51 341-344 (1954).
R.S. Mulliken, "Lewis Acids and Bases and Molecular Complexes," Journal of Chemical Physics 19 514-515 (1951).
R.S Mulliken, "Molecular Compounds and Spectra. I." Journal of the American Chemical Society 72 600 (1950).
R.S. Mulliken, "Molecular Compounds and Their Spectra. II." Journal of the American Chemical Society 74 811 (1952).
R.S. Mulliken, "Molecular Compounds and Their Spectra. III." Journal of Physical Chemistry 56 801 (1952).
R.S. Mulliken and W.B. Person, Molecular Complexes, Wiley, New York (1969).
J.N. Murrell, "The Theory of Charge-Transfer Spectra," Quarterly Review (London) 15 191-206 (1961).
Y. Nagai, "Chemistry of Color. Introduction," Kagaku Kogyo 24 1153 (1973).
S. Nagakura, "Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes in Their Excited States," Excited States 2 321-383 (1975).
M. Orchin, L. Reggel and E.0. Woolfolk, "Molecular Complexes with 2,4,7-Trinitro- fluorenone," Journal of the American Chemical Society 69 1225-1227 (1947).
M. Orchin and E.0. Woolfolk, "Molecular Complexes with 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenone. I." Journal of the American Chemical Society 68 1727-1729 (1946).
L.E. Orgel, "Charge-Transfer Spectra and Some Related Phenomena," Quarterly Review (London) 8 422-445 (1954).
M.V. Orna, O.S.U., "The Chemical Origins of Color," Journal of Chemical Education 55 No.8 478-484 (1978).
P.J. Papillo, "Mass Coloring of Plastics," Modern Plastics December 139 (1967).
S.M. Park, "Charge Transfer Complexes. Theory and Measuring Method of Equilibrium Constants," Hwahak Kwa Kongop Ui Chinbo 15 6-14, 27 (1975).
T.C. Patton, "Radiant Energy," Pigment Handbook, T.C. Patton, Ed., Wiley Interscience New York (1973) Volume 3, pp.219-227.
H.F. Priest and W.C. Schumb, "Colored Complexes of Tungsten Hexafluoride with Organic Compounds," Journal of the American Chemical Society 70 2291-2292 (1948).
E. Rabinowitch, "Electron Transfer Spectra and Their Photochemical Effects," Reviews of Modern Physics 14 April-July 112-131 (1942).
I.D. Rattee, F. Jones and D. Patterson, "Advances in the Science and Technology of Colour," Advances in Science 24 (122) 379-389 (1968).
R. Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D.C. (1912).
M.B. Robin and P. Day, "Mixed Valence Chemistry," Advances in Inorganic Radiochemistry 10 247-422 (1967), H.J. Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe, Editors, Academic Press, New York.
C. Sandorfy, Electronic Spectra and Quantum Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1964).
S. Schenberg, "Color Science in Education," Color Engineering 2 June 13-15, 20 (1964).
P.G. Seybold, "Color in Nature," Chemistry 49 November 7-11 (1976). Z.G. Soos, "Theory of Molecular Charge Transfer Crystals," Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 25 121-153 (1974).
J.P.C. Southall, Introduction to Physiological Optics, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1937; Reprinted by Dover, New York, 1961) x + 426pp.
E.I. Stearns, "Measurement of Color and Color Differences," Textile Chemist and Colorist 6 No.2 38-49 (1974).
J.P. Suchet, Chemical Physics of Semiconductors, Van Nostrand, New York (1965).
M. Szwarc, "Living Polymers," Nature 178 1168-1169 (1956).
W. Szozepaniak and J. Nawrocki, "Charge-Transfer Complexes of Metals in the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Organic Compounds," Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 20 3-18 (1975).
F.A. Taylor, Color Technology, Oxford University Press, London (1962) 140pp.
M. Tobita, "Fundamentals of Colors and Chemical Structures," Senryo To Yakuhin 18 354-361 (1973).
E. Verity, Colour, Frewin, London (1967) 164pp.
W. von Bezold, Die Farbenlehre in Hindblick auf Kunst und Kunstgewerbe, G. Westermann, Braunschweig (1874).
G.S. Wasserman, "Invertebrate Color Vision and the Tuned-Receptor Paradigm," Science 180 268-275 (1973).
G. Wald, "The Receptors of Human Color Vision," Science 145 1007-1016 (1964).
J. Wegmann, "Effect of Structure on the Change in Colour of Vat Dyes on Soaping," Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 76 282-300 (1960).
V.F. Weisskopf, "How Light Interacts with Matter," Scientific American 219 September 60ff. (1968).
A.J. Werner and B. Wedding, "Temperature-Induced Color Changes in Signal Glasses," Silik. J. 14 267-271 (1975).
M. Wolfsberg and L. Helmholz, Journal of Chemical Physics 20 837-843 (1952).
W.D. Wright, The Measurement of Color, Wiley, New York (1958) ix + 263pp.
See Also: Color: History and Technology; Dyes and Inorganic Pigments (Part I).
Dyes
E. N. Abrahart, Dyes and Their Intermediates, Second Edition, Edward Arnold, London (1977).
R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, United States National Museum Bulletin 281, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. (1968) vii + 160pp.
American Cyanamid Company, Direct Colors on Viscose Rayon, American Cyanamid Company, New Jersey.
B. Ash, Introducing Dyeing and Printing Batsford, London (1970) 119pp.
F. Beech, The Dyeing of Woolen Fabrics, London (1902).
J. Bersch, The Manufacture of Mineral and Lake Pigments, Scott, Greenwood, London (1901).
C.L. and A.B. Berthollet, Elements of the Art of Dyeing, Volumes I and II, London (1824).
F.J. Bird, The American Practical Dyer's Companion, Henry Carey Baird, Philadelphia (1882).
F. Brunello, The Art of Dyeing in the History of Mankind, Phoenix Dye Works, Cleveland, OH (1973).
E. Clayton, Identification of Dyes on Textile Fibres, 2nd Edition, The Society of Dyers and Colourists, London, 39pp.
C. Crowell, "Color from the Fields," Chemistry 46 No.9 14-17 (1973).
D.G. Duff, R.S. Sinclair, and D. Stirling, "Light-induced Colour Changes of Natural Dyes," Studies in Conservation 22 No. 4 161-169 (1977).
D.G. Duff, R.S. Sinclair, and D. Stirling, "The Fastness to Washing of Some Natural Dyestuffs on Wool," Studies in Conservation 22 No.4 170-176 (1977).
C.E.P. Exmouth, Dyes and Dyeing, McBride and Company, New York (1921).
R.E. Farris, "Natural Dyes," in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, Volume 8,(1991). pp. 351-373.
P. Fitzgerald, The Effect of Light on Dyed Materials, Institute of Fine Arts (1962).
R.J. Gettens and G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopedia, D. Van Nostrand, New York (1962) Dover Editions (1966) 333pp.
C.H. Giles and R. Haslam, "Measurement of Particle Size of a High-Lightfastness Direct Dye in Cellulose by p-Nitrophenol Adsorption," Textile Research Journal 45 No.5 347-350 (1977).
J.H. Hofenk-de Graaff, "Natural Dyestuffs for Textile Materials: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identifi-cation" ICOM Committee for Museum Laboratories, Brussels (1967) 88pp.
J.H. Hofenk-de Graaff, and W.G.T. Roelofs, "Preliminary Report on the Identification of Yellow Dyestuffs in Ancient Textiles with Thin-layer Chromatography," ICOM Committee for Conservation, Amsterdam (1969).
J.H. Hofenk-de Graaff, and W.G.T. Roelofs, "On the Occurrence of Red Dyestuffs in Textile Materials from the Period 1450-1600," ICOM Committee for Conservation, Madrid (1972) 35pp.
G.H. Hurst, Silk Dyeing, Printing, and Finishing, George Bell, London (1892).
G. Irick, Jr. and E.G. Boyd, "Effect of Light Source on the Photodegradation of Certain Disperse Dyes," Textile Research Journal 43 No.4 238-241 (1973).
R.M. Johnston, "Spectrophotometry for the Analysis and Description of Color," Journal of Paint Technology 39 No.509 346-354 (1967).
K.M. Kashiwagi, "Color Characteristics of Traditional Vegetable Dyeing," Textile Research Journal 43 No.7 404-408 (1973).
S.P. Kierstead, Natural Dyes, Bruce Humphries, Boston (1950) 104pp.
T. Love, The Art of Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring, and Finishing, Longmans-Green, London (1854).
F. Mayer, The Chemistry of Natural Coloring Matters, Translated by A.H. Cook, Reinhold, New York (1943).
J. Morton, Fast Dyeing and Dyes, Scotland (1929).
J. Napier, Chemistry Applied to Dyeing, Henry Carey Baird, Philadelphia (1853).
J. Napier, A Manual of Dyeing Receipts, Henry Carey Baird, Philadelphia (1858).
J. Napier, A Manual of the Art of Dyeing, R. Griffin, Glasgow (1853) xvi + 405pp.
National Aniline and Chemical Co., Inc., National Acid Dyes on Wool, New York.
National Aniline and Chemical Co., Inc., National Dyes for Rayon Piece Goods, New York .
I. Nogid, "Natural Organic Dyes used in Russia for Dyeing Fabrics," ICOM Committee for Conservation, Washington - New York (1965).
Oil and Colour Chemists' Association, Pigments, Dyestuffs and Lakes, Paint Technology Manuals, Part 6, Reinhold, New York (1966) ix-340 pp.
W. Partridge, Practical Treatise on Dyeing, William Partridge, New York (1834).
D. Paterson, The Science of Colour Mixing, Scott, Greenwood & Co., London (1900).
R.H. Peters, Textile Chemistry Volume 3, Elsevier Publishing, Amsterdam (1975) 889pp.
L.S. Pratt, The Chemistry and Physics of Organic Pigments, Wiley, New York (1947) 359pp.
J.R. Roberts, The Dyeing of Paper, E.I. duPont, Wilmington, Delaware (1924) 102pp.
P. Rys and Zollinger, Fundamentals of the Chemistry and Application of Dyes, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1972) 196pp.
M. Saltzman and A.M. Keay, "Colorant Identification", Journal of Paint Technology 39 No.509 360-367 (1967).
C.M. Schweiger, "Techniques for Analysis of Dyes on Historic Textiles," Thesis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska (1971) 126pp.
F. Sherry, The Dyer's Practical Guide, Franklin, Mass. (1884). Supplement (1886).
J.W. Slater, The Manual of Colours and Dye Wares, Crosby Lockwood and Co., London (1882).
D. Smith, The Dyer's Instructor, Henry Carey Baird, Philadelphia (1860).
M. Stein, Die Prüfung der Beugfarben (1874). W. Tucker, The Family Dyer and Scourer, E.L. Carey and A. Hart, Philadelphia.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Home Dyeing with Natural Dyes, M.S. Furry and B.M. Viemont, Misc. Pub. No. 230, U.S. Government Printing Office (1935).
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Navajo Native Dyes, Their Preparation and Use, N.G. Bryan and S. Young (1940).
K. Venkataraman, The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Academic Press, New York (1952).
D.N. Wilcox, Jr., "`Kekule'and the Dye Industry," Centennial Advances in Chemistry Series No.61 American Chemical Society (1966) Chapter 3.
R. Wizinger, "Black", Geigy - Ciba Review No.2 2-32 (1973).
Dyes: Alizarin
R.L. Feller, R.M. Johnston-Feller and C.W. Bailie, "Determination of the Specific Rate Constant for the Loss of a Yellow Intermediate during the Fading of Alizarin Lake," Journal of the American Institute of Conservation 25 No. 2 65-72 (1986).
R.M. Johnston-Feller, R.L. Feller, C.W. Bailie and M. Curran, "The Kinetics of Fading: Opaque Paint Films Pigmented with Alizarin Lake and Titanium Dioxide," Journal of the American Institute of Conservation 23 No. 2 114-129 (1984).
R.M. Johnston-Feller, R.L. Feller, C.W. Bailie and M. Curran, "Kinetics of Fading of Alizarin Lake," In AIC Preprints of Papers Presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting Baltimore, MD 25-29 May 1983, AIC, Washington DC (1983). pp. 65-73.
D. Saunders and J. Kirby, "Light-induced Colour Changes in Red and Yellow Lake Pigments," National Gallery Technical Bulletin 15 79-94 (1994).
H. Schweppe and J. Winter, "Madder and Alizarin," In Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics, Volume 3, E. Fitzhugh, Editor, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1997). pp. 109-142.
Dyes: Cochineal
D. Frid, “Cochineal – Cactus Blood,” Filberarts 20 No. 4 11-12 (1994).
V.P. Golikov, “Technology of Dying Silk by Cochineal. Part 1: Theoretical Analysis of the Problem and Development of Investigation Methods,” In ICOM Committee for Conservation, 9 th Triannial Meeting, Dresden, German Democratic Republic, 26-31 August 1990: Preprints, ICOM Committee for Conservation, Los Angeles (1990). pp. 289-293.
G.W. Taylor, “New Light on the Insect Red Dyes of the Ancient Middle East,” Textile History 18 No. 2 143-146 (1987).
A. Verhecken and J. Wouters, “The Coccid Insect Dyes: Historical, Geographical and Technical Data,” Bulletin (Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique/Koninklijk Instituut voor het Kunstpatrimonium) 22 (1988). pp. 207-239.
J. Wouters and A. Verhecken, “The Coccid Insect Dyes: HPLC Computerized Diode-Array Analysis of Dyed Yarns,” Studies in Conservation 34 No. 4 189-200 (1989).
Dyes: Gamboge
J. Winter, “Organic Colors in East Asian Paintings: The Indentification of Gamboge,” In ICOM Committee for Conservation, 8th Triennial Meeting, Sydney, Australia, 6-11 September, 1987: Preprints, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles (1987). pp. 111-117.
P.M. Whitmore, G.R. Cass and J.R. Druzik, “The Fading of Traditional Natural Colorants Due to Atmospheric Ozone,” in AIC Preprints, Chicago, 1986 (1986). pp. 114-124.
C.W. Baile, R.M. Johnston-Feller and R.L. Feller, “The Fading of Some Traditional Pigments as a Function of Relative Humidity,” In Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh (1988). pp. 287-292.
Dyes: Indigo
Anon., “Indigo, the King of Dyeing Elements, is 100 Years Old,” Textilveredlung 25 No.7-8 246-247 (1990).
J.H. Hofenk-de Graaf, “A Simple Method for the Identification of Indigo,” SIC 19 No. 1 54-55 (1974).
E. Hendricks, M. Van Ekeima Hommes and K. van Levy, “Indigo used in the Haarlem Civic Guard Group Portraits by Franz Hals,” In Painting Techniques: History, Material and Studio Practice, IIC, Dublin (1998). pp. 166-170.
Dyes: Madder Red
Z.C. Koren, “HPLC Analysis of the Natural Scale Insect, Madder and Indigoid Dyes,” Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colorists 110 No. 9 273-277 (1994).
J.B. Percival, “Madder, Its Cultivation and Usefulness,” Textile Colorist 39 No. 457 1-2 (1917).
K.G. Ponting, “Madder,” International Dyer 158 17-21 (1977).
H. Schweppe and J. Winter, "Madder and Alizarin," In Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics, Volume 3, E. Fitzhugh, Editor, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1997). pp. 109-142.
Dyes: Turmeric
R. Dossie, The Handmaid to the Arts, New Edition, with Considerable Additions and Improvements, Wilson, Spence and Mawman, York (1796). pp. 93-94.
J.H. Hofenk-DeGraff, Natural Dyestuffs, Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam (1969). 110pp.
D.J. Lee, L. Bacon and V. Daniels, “Some Conservation Problems Encounteres with Turmeric on Ethnographic Objects,” Studies in Conservation 30 No. 4 184-188 (1985).
N. Purinton and M. Watters, “A Study of Materials Used by Medieval Persian Painters,” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 30 No. 2 125-144 (1991).
H. Schweppe, Practical Hints on Dyeing with Natural Dyes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC (1986). pp. 11-12.
P.M. Whitmore and G.R. Cass, “The Ozone Fading of Traditional Japanese Colorants,”Studies in Conservation 33 No. 1 29-40 (1988).
Enzymes
R. Ammon and M. Jaarma, “Enzymes Hydrolyzing Fats and Esters,” In The Enzymes, Vol. 1, Part 1, J.B. Sumner and K. Myrback, Editors, Academic Press, New York (1950). Chapter 9.
H.C. Barford, “Enzymer i Konserveringen,” In Nordisk Konservatorbund, Enzymkongres Proceedings (1979). pp. 6-24.
R. Baum, “Enzyme Activity in Organic Solvents Investigated,” Chemical and Engineering News 21-22, 20 June (1988).
E.M.L. Beckthorn and L. Underholfer, “Production and Use of Microbial Enzymes for Food Processing,” Agricultural and Food Chemistry 13 30 –34 January/February (1965).
S. Blackburn, Enzyme Structure and Function, Dekker, New York, (1976). viii + 528pp.
T. E. Borman, Enzyme Handbook, Volume 2, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1969). xi + 927pp.
P. Boyer, Editor, The Enzymes, Academic Press, New York (1981). 20 volumes.
C. Charette and H. Burgess, “The Use of Enzymes in the Conservation of Organic Materials,” International Institute for Conservation – Canadian Group Abstracts, Eighth Annual Conference, The Group, Ottawa (1982).
B. Collier, “How Active are Commercial Enzymes?,” Process Biochemistry 39-42 August (1970).
S.P. Colowick and N.O. Kaplan, Editors, Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, New York (1965). Reference Series.
P. Desnuelle, “Pancreatic Lipase,” Advances in Enzymology 23 129-162 (1961).
R.E. Dickerson and I. Geis, The Structure and Action of Proteins, Harper, New York (1969). viii + 120pp.
M. Dixon and E.C. Webb, Enzymes, Academic Press, New York (1979). xxiv + 1116pp.
A. Fersht, Enzyme Structure and Mechanism, WH Freeman, San Francisco (1985). xxi + 475pp.
M. Flindt, “Health and Safety Aspects of Working with Enzymes,” Process Biochemistry 13 No. 8 3-7 (1978).
T. Godfrey and S. Nest, Industrial Enzymology, Second Edition, Stockholm Press, New York (1996). xiv + 609pp.
T. Godfrey and J. Reichelt, Industrial Enzymology: The Application of Enzymes in Industry, The Nature Press, New York (1983). x + 582pp.
M. Hatton, "Enzymes in a Viscous Medium," The Paper Conservator 2 7 (1977).
A.L. Lehninger, Biochemistry, Second Edition, Worth Publishers, New York (1975). xxiii + 1104pp.
D.W. Moss, Enzymes, Oliver and Boyd, London (1968). vii + 110pp.
H. Nagamato, T. Yashuda and H. Inoue, “Effect of Organic Solvents on the Activity of Glucoamylase,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 1172-1177 (1986).
F.F. Nord, Editor, Methods in Enzymology, Interscience, New York (1951).
G.E. Pearlmann and L. Larand, Editors, “Proteolytic Enzymes,” Methods in Enzymology 19 (1970). xvii + 1042pp.
Y. Pomeranz, “Inactivation of Alpha-Amylase by Synthetic Detergents,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 73 105-112 (1963).
E.H. Reimerdes and H. Klostermeyer, Methods in Enzymology 14 26 Academic Press, New York.
L. Vitale and V. Simeon, Editors, Industrial and Clinical Enzymology, Pergamon, New York (1980). 363pp.
C. Walsh, Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco (1979). xii + 738pp.
A. Wiseman, Editor, Handbook of Enzyme Biotechnology, Third Edition, Wiley, New York (1995). xii + 738pp.
A. Zaks and A. Russell, “Enzymes in Organic Solvents: Properties and Applications,” Journal of Biotechnology 4 259-270 (1988).
H. Zuber, Enzymes and Proteins from Thermophilic Microorganisms, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel (1976).
Ethnographic: Leather
P.B. Hallebeek, Editor, On Ethnographic and Water-logged Leather, CL Publications, Amsterdam (1986). 86pp.
General Organic Chemistry References
N.L. Allinger, M.P. Cava, D.C. DeJongh, C.R. Johnson, N.A. Lebel and C.L. Stevens, Organic Chemistry, Second Edition, Worth, New York (1976) xxi + 1024pp.
E.J. Barrett and J.C. Powers, Essentials of Organic Chemistry, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1972) xv + 421pp.
D.J. Cram and G.S. Hammond, Organic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1964) x + 846pp.
F. Degering, ed., Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed., Barnes & Noble Books, New York (1951), Revised 1957, copyright renewed 1965, Reprinted 1972, viii + 422pp. paperbound.
C.H. DePuy and K.L. Rinehart, Jr., Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Wiley, New York (1967) xii + 393pp.
R.L. Feller, N. Stolow and E.H. Jones, On Picture Varnishes and their Solvents, Revised and Enlarged Edition, Case Western Reserve University Press, Cleveland, Ohio (1971) xxi + 251pp. paperbound.
H. Hart and R.D. Schuetz, Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1966) ix + 353pp.
H. Hart and R.D. Schuetz, Organic Chemistry: A Short Course, 4th Ed., Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1972) ix + 500pp. (*)
S.R. Heller, Editor, The Beilstein Online Database: Implementation, Content, Retrieval, American Chemical Society, Washington DC (1990). vii+ 168pp.
J.B. Hendrickson, D.J. Cram and G.S. Hammond, Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, New York (1970) 928pp. (*)
W. Herz, The Shape of Carbon Compounds: An Introduction to Organic Chemistry, W.A. Benjamin, New York (1964) xii + 152pp. paperbound.
C.A. MacKenzie, Unified Organic Chemistry, Harper and Row, New York (1962) vii + 586pp.
J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, Fourth Edition, John Wiley, NY (1992) 1,495pp.
J.S. Mills and R. White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth (1987). 165pp.
R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Allyn and Bacon, Boston (1973) ix + 1258pp. (*)
R.J. Ouellette, Introductory Organic Chemistry, Harper and Row, New York (1971) xiii + 429pp. paperbound.
S. Patai, Glossary of Organic Chemistry, Interscience, New York (1962) xiv + 227pp.
B.F. Plummer, Selected Principles of Organic Chemistry, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1972) xi + 308pp. Reviewed N.S. Baer and N. Indictor, Studies in Conservation 20 No.1 40-42 (1975).
J.D. Roberts, R. Stewart and M.C. Caserio, Organic Chemistry: Methane to Macro - molecules , W.A. Benjamin, Menlo Park, California (1971) 850pp. (*)
T.W.G. Solomons, Organic Chemistry, Wiley (1976). Reviewed H. Hart, American Scientist 64 No.6 690-691 (1976).
Ivory and Bone
N.S. Baer, L.J. Majewski, N. Indictor, J.H. Frantz, B. Appelbaum and A. Farancz, "Technical Investigations on Ivory: A Preliminary Report," IIC - AG Technical Papers 1968-1970, 73-74 (1970).
N.S. Baer and L.J. Majewski, "Ivory and Related Materials: An Annotated Bibliography, Section A: Conservation and Scientific Examination," AATA 8 No.2 229-275 (1971).
N.S. Baer, N. Indictor, J.H. Frantz and B. Appelbaum, "The Effect of High Temperature on Ivory," Studies in Conservation 16 No.1 1-8 (1971).
N.S. Baer, T. Jochsberger and N. Indictor, "Chemical Investigations on Ancient Near Eastern ArchaeoProtein -logical Ivory Artifacts: III. Fluorine and Nitrogen Composition," Symposium on Archaeological Chemistry, 174th ACS Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, Archaeological Chemistry II, Advances in Chemistry 171, Edited by G.F. Carter, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1978) pp.139-149.
N.S. Baer and L.J. Majewski, "Ivory and Related Materials: An Annotated Bibliography, Section B: Working Techniques, Forgeries and History," AATA 8 No.3 189-228 (1971).
N.S. Baer, B. Appelbaum and N. Indictor, "The Effect of Long-Term Heating on Ivory," IIC - AG Bulletin 12 No.1 55-59 (1971).
N.S. Baer and N. Indictor, "Chemical Investigations on Ancient Near Eastern Archaeological Ivory Artifacts," Symposium on Archaeological Chemistry, 165th American Chemical Society Meeting, Dallas, Texas, Archaeolo-gical Chemistry. Advances in Chemistry, 138, Edited by C.W. Beck, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1974) pp.236-245.
W. Bonfield and C.H. Li, "Deformation and Fracture of Ivory," Journal of Applied Physics 36 3181 (1965).
W.E. Brown, and L.W. Schroeder, "Interlayering of Crystalline Octacalcium Phosphate and Hydroxy-apatite," Journal of Physical Chemistry 83 No.11 1385-1388 (1979).
A.L. Bryan, J.M. Cruxent, R. Gruhn and C. Ochsenius, "An El Jobo Mastodon Kill at Taima-taima, Venezuela," Science 200 1275-1277 (1978).
M. Castellano Arroyo and E. Villanueva Canadas, "Study on the Evolution of Lipids in Bone Remains in Relation to the Date. II. Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Free Fatty Acids," Zacchia 14 No.1 61-72 (1978).
S. Chartrand, "Plastic Piano Keys Use Ivory as Model," New York Times 6 December (1993).
C.J. Clausen, A.D. Cohen, C. Emiliani, J.A. Holman and J.J. Stipp, "Little Salt Spring, Florida: A Unique Underwater Site," Science 203 609-614 (1979). J. Collins, "Piltdown Man is Termed a Trap Set by One Geologist for Another," The New York Times, November 7 (1978).
S. Fraser, "Ivory Carvings and the Ch'ien Lung Emperor," Arts of Asia 7 No.6 38-42 (1977).
S. Fraser, "Notes on the Identification, Dating and Care of Ivory," Arts of Asia 7 No.6 43 (1977).
A.A. Hassan and D.J. Ortner, "Inclusions in Bone Material as a Source of Error in Radiocarbon Dating," Archaeometry 19 (Pt.2) 131-135 (1977).
A.J. Kramer, "Secrets of a Shofar Blower," C & E News, October 5 (1970) p.72.
O. Krzyskowska, Ivory and Related Materials Institute of Classical Studies, London (1990) 109pp.
M.J.D. Low, N.S. Baer and J. Chan, "The Microstructure of Calcined Ivories," Materials Research Bulletin 15 363-372 (1980).
C. Macsek, "Die Technologie der Miniaturmalerie auf Elfenbein," Maltechnik Restauro 83 No.2 90-96 (1977).
D. McConnell and D.W. Foreman, Jr., "Texture and Composition of Bone," Science 172 971-972 (1971).
G. Mossinger, "Ein Rationelles Verfahren der Knochen Konservierung unter besonderer Berucksichtigung Menschlicher Skelettreste," Arbeitsblatter für Restauratoren 10 No.2 Gruppe 8 81-82 (1977).
H. Newesely, "Newberyite Precipitations in the Surface Microstructure of Ivory," Naturwissenschaften 61 No.9 403-404 (1974).
D.J. Ortner, D.W. Von Endt and M.S. Robinson, "The Effect of Temperature on Decay in Bone: Its Significance in Nitrogen Dating of Archaeological Specimens," American Antiquity 37 No.4 514-520 (1972).
N. Ramanathan, Editor, Collagen, Interscience, New York (1962) xiv + 579pp.
B. Ronsberger, "U.S. Likely to Impose Partial Ban on Ivory," The New York Times, April 30 (1978).
C.I. Ritchie, Ivory Carving, Barker, London (1969) xi + 136pp.
C.I. Ritchie, Scrimshaw, Sterling, New York (1972) 48pp.
J.M. Stewart, "Frozen Mammoths from Siberia Bring the Ice Ages to Vivid Life," Smithsonian 60-69 (1976).
B.J. Szabo, "Dating Fossil Bone from Cornelia Orange Free State, South Africa," Journal of Archaeological Science 6 201-203 (1979).
M.B. Tomson and G.H. Nancollas, "Mineralization Kinetics: A Constant Composition Approach," Science 200 1059-1060 (1978).
D.W. Von Endt, "Amino-Acid Analysis of the Contents of a Vial Excavated at Axum, Ethiopia," Journal of Archaeological Science 4 No.4 367-376 (1977).
G. Wessen, F.H. Ruddy, C.E. Gustafson and H. Irwin, "Characterization of Archaeological Bone by Neutron Activation Analysis," Archaeometry 19 (Pt.2) 200-205 (1977).
See Also: Amino Acids and Proteins; and Racemization Dating.
Leather
P.N. Banks, "The Preservation of Library Materials," Reprinted from the Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, Editors, A. Kent, H. Lancour and J.E. Daily, Marcel Dekker, New York (1969) 41pp.
J.H. Bowes and A.S. Raistrick, "The Storage of a Variety of Commercial Leathers at 400C and 100% R.H.," Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 56 No.11 606-615 (1961).
J.H. Bowes and A.S. Raistrick, "The Action of Heat and Moisture on Leather: Degradation of the Collagen," Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 62 No.4 240-257 (1967).
C.N. Calnan, Fungicides Used on Leather, Leather Conservation Centre, Northampton (1985) 19pp.
A. Cheshire, "The Ageing of Leather," Journal of the International Society of Leather Trades' Chemists 30 134-166 (1946).
A. Colin-Russ, "Further Observation on the Control of Mould Growth in Leather and Fabric Material," Journal of the International Society of Leather Trades' Chemists 30 No.7 172-185 (1946).
F.L. De Beukelaer, "Preservation of Hides and Skins," The Chemistry and Technology of Leather I, Editors, F. O'Flaherty, W.T. Roddy and R.M. Lollar, Reinhold, New York (1956) Chapter 5.
R.J. Forbes, "Leather in Antiquity," Studies in Ancient Technology, E.J. Brill, Leidin 5, pp.1-77 (1957).
A. Ganser, "The Early History of Tanning," CIBA Review 81 2938-2962 August (1960).
A.W. Goetz, "Washing and Soaking," The Chemistry and Technology of Leather I, Editors, F. O'Flaherty, W.T. Roddy and R.M. Lollar, Reinhold, New York (1956) Chapter 6.
G. Greathouse and C. Wessel, Deterioration of Materials: Causes and Preventive Techniques, Reinhold. New York (1954) xvii+835pp.
K.H. Gustavson, The Chemistry and Reactivity of Collagen, Academic Press, New York (1956) 342pp.
P.B. Hallebeek, Editor, Symposium on Ethnographic and Water-logged Leather, 9-11 June, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ICOM, International Committee for Conservation, CL Publication, Amsterdam (1986) 86pp.
C. Horton, Cleaning and Preserving Bindings and Related Materials, ALA, Chicago (1969).
R.F. Innes, "The Preservation of Vegetable-Tanned Leather Against Deterioration," Progress in Leather Science, British Leather Manufacturers' Research Association (1948) Chapter 18.
A.W. Johnson, The Thames and Hudson Manual of Bookbinding, London (1978).
J.R. Kanagy, "Absorption of Water Vapor by Untanned Hide and Various Leathers at 1000F," Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 38 119-128 (1947).
J.S. Kirk, "The Dyeing of Leather," The Chemistry and Technology of Leather III, Editors, F. O'Flaherty, W.T. Roddy and R.M. Lollar, Reinhold, New York (1960) pp.1-15.
M. Levey, "Chemistry of Tanning in Ancient Mesopotamia," Journal of Chemical Education 34 142-143 (1957).
B.C. Middleton, The Restoration of Leather Bindings American Library Association, Chicago (1972) xix+201pp.
G. Otto, Mechanism of Leather Dyeing," The Chemistry and Technology of Leather III, Editors, F. O'Flaherty, W.T. Roddy and R.M. Lollar, Reinhold, New York (1962) pp.16-60.
F. O'Flaherty, W.T. Roddy and R.M. Lollar, The Chemistry and Technology of Leather I: Preparation and Tannage, Reinhold, New York (1956) 495pp.
H.J. Plenderleith, "Animal Skin and Skin Products," The Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art, Oxford, London (1962) Chapter 1.
H.J. Plenderleith, The Preservation of Leather Bookbindings, The Trustees of the British Museum, London (1967).
R. Reed, Ancient Skins, Parchments and Skins (1972).
L. Ritterpusch, "Pergamentrestaurierung," Arbeitsblätter für Restauratoren 10 No.2 Gruppe 9 35.42 (1977).
J.S. Rogers and C.W. Beebe, Leather Bookbindings: How to Preserve Them, Leaflet No. 398, U.S. Department of Agriculture (1956).
R. Sheetz and A. Cochran, "A Method of Stabilizing Weakened Upholstery Leather," Studies in Conservation 23 No.2 86-89 (1978).
R.D. Smith, The Preservation of Leather Bookbindings from Sulfuric Acid Deterioration, Unpublished MAL dissertation, University of Denver (1964) 130pp.
T. Stambolov, Manufacture, Deterioration and Preservation of Leather, ICOM, Amsterdam Meeting (1969) 98pp.
J.W. Waterer, A Guide to the Conservation and Restoration of Objects Made Wholly or in Part of Leather, Bell, London (1972) x + 60pp.
J.W. Waterer, "A Novel Method for the Conservation of Fragile Leather," Studies in Conservation 17 No.3 126-130 (1972).
See Also: Library Binding (Part VIII).
Lining of Paintings
N.S. Baer and N.L. Kunz, "The Lining of Paintings - 1900 to 1975: An Annotated Bibliography," AATA 14 No.1 (Supplement) 181-243 (1977).
U. Baldini and S. Taiti, "Italian Lining Techniques: Lining with PASTA Adhesive (and Other Methods)," Linings of Paintings, A Reassessment: Proceedings of A Seminar Held at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 6-8 April, 1976 (Rentoilage des peintures: une réévaluation), M. Ruggles, Editor, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (1976) 300pp.
B. Beardsley, "A Flexible Balsa Back for the Stabilization of a Botticelli Panel Painting," Conservation of Wood in Painting and the Decorative Arts, N.S. Brommelle, A. Moncrieff and P. Smith, Editors, International Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (1978) pp.l53-155.
S. Bergeon, Y. Lepavec, et al., "French Relining of Paintings with Glue, Analysis of the Constraint During the Relining Operations, Behavior of This Relining Under Simulated Climatic Variations," ICOM - Committee for Conservation, 5th, Zagreb , 78/2/3/1-20 (1978).
G.A. Berger, "Conservation of a Rare Work by Picasso," AIC Preprints (1976) pp.23-31.
G.A. Berger, "Unconventional Treatments for Uncon-ventional Paintings," Studies in Conservation 21 No.3 115-128 (1976).
G.A. Berger, "Conservation of a Theater Curtain by Picasso," Maltechnik Restauro 83 No.l 51-56 (1977).
G. Berger, "Consolidation of Delaminating Paintings," ICOM Committee for Conservation, 5th Zagreb, 78/2/1/1-19 (1978).
A. Byrne, "Air Extraction from the Surface of a Painting During Lining," ICCM Bulletin 1 No.2 5-6 (1975).
A. Byrne, "Lining Adhesives for Oil Painting," ICCM Bulletin 3 No.4 26-33 (1977).
R. Fieux and J. Mandall, "'Electrostatic Hold' A New Technique for Lining of Paintings," Technology and Conservation of Art, Architecture and Antiquities 77 No.1 26-29 (1977).
R.E. Fieux, "Electrostatic Hold as a Pressure Source in the Lining of Paintings (A Preliminary Report)," Journal of the AIC 16 No.2 36-38 (1977).
R. Fieux, "'Electrostatic Hold' A New Technique of Lining," ICOM - Committee for Conservation, 5th, Zagreb, 78/2/7/1-10 (1978).
B. Hacke, "A Low-Pressure Apparatus for the Treatment of Paintings," Meddelelser om Konservering 2 Nos.7/8 199-222 (1976).
M. Kambarou et al., "Study and Stabilization of the Wall Frescoes of Afrasiaba," Deposited Document VINITI 1096-76 (1976).
C.K. Keck, "Lining Adhesives: Their History, Uses and Abuses," Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 17 No.l 45-52 (1977).
A. Ketnath, "Acrylic Resins for the Conservation of Paintings on Canvas with the Use of the `Heat Seal' Method," Meddelelser om Konservering 2 Nos.7/8 223-235 (1976).
A. Ketnath, "The Use of Acrylic Resins and of the Heat Seal Method in the Conservation of Canvas Paintings," Maltechnik Restauro 83 No.2 99-105 (1977).
D. Kreidl, "The Historical Situation of Picture Relining in Vienna," ICOM - Committe e for Conservation, 5th, Zagreb , 78/2/4/1-5 (Their 1978).
L. Kuiper, Restoration of Paintings, Van Dishoeck, Bussum, Amsterdam (1973) 55pp.
L. Kuiper, "Restoration of Rembrandt's Painting, The Night Watch," Zeiss Information 23 No.86 2, 4-6 (1978).
R. Levenson and M. Barclay, "Adhesives for Strip Lining of Twentieth Century Paintings," Lining of Paintings - A Reassessment: Proceedings of A Seminar Held at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 6-8 April, 1976 (Rentoilage des peintures: une réévaluation), M. Ruggles, Editor, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (1976) pp.2-10.
V.R. Mehra, "Cold Lining and Care of Painting Layers in a Triple Stretcher System," ICOM - Committee for Conservation, 5th, Zagreb , 78/2/5/1-19 (1978).
R. Pavrimi "A New Lining Canvas," ICOM - Committee for Conservation, 5th, Zagreb, 78/2/10/1-14 (1978).
W. Percival-Precott, "History of Lining," Linings of Paintings - A Reassessment: Proceedings of A Seminar Held at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 6-8 April, 1976 (Rentoilage des peinture: une réévaluation), M. Ruggles, Editor, National Gallery of Canada, 0ttawa (1976).
W. Percival-Precott, "Structural Restoration of Paintings on Canvas," ICOM - Committee for Conservation, 5th, Zagreb , 78/2 (1978).
B. Rabin, "A Polyvinyl Acetate Heat-Seal Adhesive for Lining," Conservation and Restoration of Pictorial Art, (1976) pp.165-168.
R. Roche, "New Materials for Lining," Lining of Paintings - A Reassessment: Proceedings of A Seminar Held at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 6-8 April, 1976 (Rentoilage des peintures: une réévalu-ation), M. Ruggles, Editor, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (1976).
M. Ruggles, "Marouflage and Consolidation," Lining of Paintings - A Reassessment: Proceedings of A Seminar Held at the National Gallery of Canda, Ottawa, 6-8 April, 1976 (Rentoilage des peintures: une réévaluation), M. Ruggles, Editor, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (1976).
M. Ruggles, "New Concepts of Lining - A Summary of Present Trends," Journal of the IIC, Canadian Group 2 No.l 40-44 (1976).
D. Spurlock, "The Application of Balsa Blocks as a Stabilizing Auxiliary for Panel Paintings," Conservation of Wood in Painting and the Decorative Arts, N.S. Brommelle, A. Moncrieff and P. Smith, Editors, International Institution for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London (1978) pp.149-152.
M.F. Viana, "A Panel Transfer Problem," Conservation of Wood in Painting and the Decorative Arts, N.S. Brommelle, A. Moncrieff and P.Smith, Editors, International Institution for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London (1978) pp.181-184.
C. von Imhoff, "Cold Table Lining," Lining of Paintings - A Reassessment: Proceedings of A Seminar Held at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 6-8 April, 1976, (Rentoilage des peintures: une réévaluation), M. Ruggles, Editor, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (1976).
Note: An extensive bibliography on the lining of paintings appears in Baer and Kunz; Keck reviews the subject in detail.
Natural Products
C. Adams and J. Sommers, "Gum Arabic: Is There an Alternative?" Tamarind Technical Papers No.4 46-48 (1975).
Arizona Chemical Co., "Zonarez Polyterpene Resins," (1975) 6pp.
C.W. Beck, "Analysis and Provenience of Minoan and Mycenaean Amber, I." Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 7 191-211 (1966).
C.W. Beck, "Amber in Archaeology," Archaeology 23 7-11 (1970).
C.W. Beck, M. Gerving and E. Wilbur, "The Provenience of Archaeological Amber Artifacts: An Annotated Bibliography," AATA 6 No.2 213-302 (1966); 6 No.3 201-280 (1967).
C.W. Beck, J. Greenlie, M.P. Diamond, A.M. Macchiarulo, A.A. Hannenberg and M.S. Hauck, "The Chemical Identification of Baltic Amber at the Celtic Oppidum Stare Hradisko in Moravia," Journal of Archaeological Science 5 No.4 343-354 (1978).
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte A100, A115, A125, and A135: High-Softening-Point Terpene Hydrocarbon Resins," Hercules Product Data No.7189-4 (Undated) 2pp.
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte C10: A Liquid Terpene Hydrocarbon Resin," Hercules Product Data No.7199-2 (Undated) 2pp.
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte C40, C55, C70, and C85: Soft and Medium-Softening-Point Terpene Hydrocarbon Resins," Hercules Product Data No.7201 (Undated) 2pp.
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte D10: A Liquid Terpene Hydrocarbon Resin," Hercules Product Data No.7203-3 (Undated) 2pp.
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte D40, D55, D70, and D85: Low- and Medium-Softening-Point Terpene Hydrocarbon Resins," Hercules Product Data No.7204-1 (Undated) 2pp.
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte D100, D115, D125, and D135: High-Softening-Point Terpene Hydrocarbon Resins," Hercules Product Data No.7202-2 (Undated) 2pp.
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte S10 and S25: Liquid and Semisolid Terpene Hydrocarbon Resins," Hercules Product Data No.7190-3 (Undated) 2pp.
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte S55, S70, and S85: Low- to Medium-Softening-Point Terpene Hydrocarbon Resins," Hercules Product Data No.7191-3 (Undated) 2pp.
Hercules Incorporated, "Piccolyte S100, S115, S125, and S135: High-Softening-Point Terpene Hydrocarbon Resins," Hercules Product Data No.7192-4 (Undated) 2pp.
AM.P. Koskinen, Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural Products, John Wiley, NY (1993) 224pp.
J.S. Mills and A.E.A. Werner, "Paper Chromatography of Natural Resins," Nature 169 No. 4312 1064 (June 1952).
K. Sarkanen and C.H. Ludwig, Editors, Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure and Reactions, Wiley Interscience, New York (1971) xxv + 916pp.
G. Seeligmann, et al., A Complete Practical Treatise on India Rubber and Gutta Percha in Their Aspects, Scott Greenwood, London (1910).
H.W. Wilson, "The Infrared and Raman Spectra of Pinenes," Applied Spectroscopy 30 No.2 209-212 (1976).
See Also: Varnishes.
Paints and Coatings
ASTM, Analysis of Paints and Related Materials: Current Techniques for Solving Coatings Problems, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1992) 215pp.
J. Boxall and J.A. von Fraunhoffer, Editors, Concise Paint Technology, Chemical Publishing, New York (1977). x + 214pp.
S. Fairbrass and J. Herman, Modern Art: the Restoration and Techniques of Modern Paper and Paints, United Kingdom Institute of Conservation, London (1989). 36pp.
H. Fazey, "Paints and Coatings: The War for World Markets," Financial Times 10 March (1989).
W.C. Golton, Editor, Analysis of Paints and Related Materials: Current Techniques for Solving Coatings Problems, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (1992) vii + 203pp.
J.W. Gooch, Lead-Based Paint Handbook, Plenum, New York (1993) 306pp.
W. Herbst and K. Hunger, Industrial Organic Pigments: Production, Properties, Applications, VCH, Weinheim and New York (1993). xiv + 630pp.
G.R. Laurer, T.J. Kneip, R.E. Albert and F.S. Kent, "X-Ray Fluorescence: Detection of Lead in Wall Paint," Science 172 No.3982 466-468 (April 30, 1971); Cited AATA 8-1836 (1970-71).
A.R. Marrion, Editor, The Chemistry and Physics of Coatings, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (1994). ix + 206pp.
T. Riordan, "Using Microwave Technology to Remove Lead-Based Paint May be Safer and Cheaper than Scraping," New York Times 27 December (1993). Described Patent No.5,268,548.
Z.W. Wicks, Jr., F.N. Jones and S.P. Pappas, Organic Coatings: Science and Technology, 2 Volumes, John Wiley, New York (1992) 368pp., (1993) 550pp.
R.S. Williams, J.E. Winandy and W.C. Feist, "Paint Adhesion to Weathered Wood," Journal of Coatings Technology 59 No.749 43-48 (1987).
Panel Paintings: Warping
M.E. Archangelski, "The Causes of Warping in Wooden Panel Paintings," Soobshcheniya 28 219-238 (1973).
J. Boleslawski, "Laboratory Metrology in Conservation: Measuring the Deformation in Wooden Panels," Ochrona Zabytkow 14 Nos.3-4 93-101 (1961) AATA IV No.3 609 (1962-63); Polish; Appendix with French Summary.
B. Bosowska, "Application of a Plexiglass and Aluminum Cradle in the Conservation of the Panel Painting of The Three St. Johns from
Czulice," Ochrona Zabytkow 18 No.3 41-48 (1965) AATA 6 No.1 E3-11 p.95 (1966); Polish.
R.D. Buck, "Is Cradling the Answer?" Studies in Conservation 7 71-74 (1962).
R.D. Buck, "Some Application of Mechanics in the Treatment of Panel Paintings," Recent Advances in Conservation, Rome (1961) pp.156-163.
R.D. Buck, "Some Application of Rheology in the Treatment of Panel Paintings," Studies in Conservation 17 1-11 (1972).
R.D. Buck, "The Treatment of Paintings on Wood in Museums Not Air-Conditioned," Museum News 25 June 7ff. (1947).
R.D. Buck, "The Use of Moisture Barriers on Panel Paintings," Studies in Conservation 5 - 6 9-18 (1960-1).
B. Buensche, "Gluing, Leveling and Stabilization of a Warped Wooden Panel," Neue Museumskunde 19 No.2 139-149 (1976).
P.F.J.M. Hermesdorf, "Joining Loose Members of Panel Paintings," Studies in Conservation l 87ff. (1953).
ICOM, "The Care of Wood Panels," Museum 8 No.3 140-164 (1955).
F. Kollman, "Rheology and the Structural Soundness of Wood," Holz als Roh - und Werkstoff 19 No.3 73-80 (1961).
F. Kollman, A. Schneider and R. Teichgraeber, "Investigations on Heating-Up, Warping and Drying of Wooden Picture Panels Illuminated with High Intensities," Holz als Roh - und Werkstoff 19 No.3 45-47 (1961).
R. Kozlowski, "Apparatus for Gluing Split Panels," Studies in Conservation 7 135ff (1962).
R. Kozlowski, "A New Cradle Model," Studies in Conservation 7 55-66 (1962).
R. Kozlowski, "Straightening Warped Panels by Chemical and Mechanical Means," Ochrona Zabytkow 13 60-65 (1960). AATA III No.3 3255 (1961); Polish.
H. Kubler, "Bowing of Panels in a One-Sided Atmosphere," Forest Products Journal 19 No.11 43-49 (1969).
H.A. Kuhne, "A Contribution to the Theory of the Mechanical Deformation Behavior of Wood," Holz als Roh - und Werkstoff 19 No.3 81-82 (1961).
A.P. Laurie, "The Warping of Panels," The Museums Journal 32 389-391 (1933).
C. Noonan, "Solving a Humidity Control Problem," Canadian Museums Association Gazette 8 No.2 21-25 (1975).
M. Pease, "A Treatment for Panel Paintings," Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 7 No.4 119-124 (1949).
H. Ruheman, "La Technique de la Conservation des Tableaux," Mousein 15 14-22 (1931).
R.E. Staub, "Modified Apparatus for Re-joining Heavy Panels," Studies in Conservation 2 19ff. (1956).
G.L. Stout, The Care of Pictures, Dover Publications, New York (1975, c.1948) xiv + 122pp.
C. Wolters, "Treatment of Warped Wood Panels by Plastic Deformation; Moisture Barriers; and Elastic Supports," Recent Advances in Conservation, Rome (1961) pp.163-164.
See Also: Wood: Conservation.
Phenols
Anon., “Phenol,” C&ENews October 10, 1978, p. 12.
Crown Zellerbach, “Catechol” Product Information Bulletin 319-4, April, 1976, 4pp.
V.P. Kozak, G.V. Simsiman, G. Chesters, D. Stensby and J. Harkin, Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollutants. XI. Chlorophenols, EPA-600/1-79-012 (1979) 519pp.
T.C. Scheffer and W.E. Eslyn, “Residual Pentachlorophenol Still Limits Decay in Woodward 22 Years After Dip-Treating” Forest Products Journal 28 No. 1 25-30 (1978).
Sherwin Williams Chemicals, “p-Cresol” Technical Bulletin 140 Sherwin Williams, Chicago (Undated) 32pp.
Sherwin Williams Chemicals, “p-Cresol Derivatives” Technical Bulletin 153 Sherwin Williams, Chicago (Undated) 8pp.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Summary Review of the Health Effects Associated with Phenol, Environmental Criteria and Assesment Office of Research ad Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (1986). v +37pp.
See Also: Biodeterioration; and General Organic Chemistry References.
Polymer Chemistry
L.F. Albright, Processes for Major Addition - type Plastics and Their Monomers, McGraw-Hill, New York (1974) viii + 385pp.
N.S. Allen, M. Edge and C.V. Horie, Polymers in Conservation, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (1992). 216pp.
G.E. Alves and E.W. Brugmann, "Estimate Viscosities by Comparison with Known Materials," Chemical Engineering 68 No.19 182 (1961).
Anon., "A Brief Survey of Polymer Chemistry," Aldrichimica Acta 7 No.1 9-15 (1974).
J. Bicerano, Prediction of Polymer Properties Marcel Dekker, NY (1993) 417pp.
F.W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, Third Edition, Wiley, New York (1984) 578pp.
S. Blank, "An Introduction to Plastics and Rubbers in Collections," Studies in Conservation 35 53-63 (1990).
H.I. Bolker, Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Marcel Dekker, New York (1974) xiv + 688pp. Reviewed Journal of Chemical Education 53 No.8 A346-A347 (1976).
F.A. Bovey, High Resolution NMR of Macromolecules, Academic Press, New York (1972).
J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, Editors, Polymer Handbook, Interscience, New York (1966).
J.A. Brydson, Plastics Materials, 3rd Edition, Newnes-Butterworth, London (1975) 731pp.
Celanese, Standard Tests on Plastics, Bulletin GIC, 6th Edition, (1973) 32pp.
R.L. Clough and S.W. Shalaby, Editors, Radiation Effects on Polymers, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1991).
W.E. Collins, "Characterization of Thermoplastic Polymers," Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Allied Spectroscopy (1970). Offprint 14pp.
R.T. Conley, Thermal Stability of Polymers, Volume 1, Marcel Dekker, New York (1970).
J.M.G. Cowie, Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York; and Blackie Academic, Glasgow (1991) ix + 436pp.
M. Delfini, A.L. Segre and F. Conti, "Sequence Distributions in Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers. I. 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies," Macromolecules 6 No.3 456-459 (1973).
K.L. DeVries, D.K. Roylance and M.L. Williams, "Uses of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Studying Fracture," Journal of Polymer Science A - 1 8 237 (1970).
J. Durzok, Dictionary of Plastics Testing: English/German, German/English (Worterbuch Kunststoffprufung), VCH, Weinheim and New York (1991) 200pp.
T.R. Guess, R.E. Allred and F.P. Gerstle, Jr., "Comparison of Lap Shear Test Specimens," Journal of Testing and Evaluation 5 No.2 84-93 (1977).
C.M.A. Hall, Polymer Materials: An Introduction for Technologists and Scientists, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York (1989) x + 243pp.
G.C. Harris, "Emulsion Polymerization: A New Approach," American Paint Journal, March 13, 1972, pp.14-15.
W.L. Hawkins, Editor, Polymer Stabilization, Wiley Interscience, New York (1972) viii + 452pp.
D.A. Hemsley, ed., Applied Polymer Light Microscopy, Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York (1989) xii + 282pp.
D.O. Hummel, Editor, Polymer Spectroscopy, Verlag Chemie International, New York (1974) 401pp.
IUPAC Macromolecular Nomenclature Commission, "Nomenclature of Regular Single-Strand Organic Polymers," Macromolecules 6 No.2 149-158 (1973).
G.C. Ives, J.A. Mead and M.M. Riley, Handbook of Plastics Test Methods, CRC Press, Cleveland, OH (1971) 476pp.
H.H.G. Jellinek, "Outlook for Polymer Science in the Decade with Special Reference to Surface Science," Journal of Chemical Education 49 148ff. (1972).
H.S. Kaufman and J.J. Falcetta, Introduction to Polymer Science and Technology, Wiley-Interscience, New York 624pp.
Kirkwood, Macromolecules, Gordon and Breach, New York (1967) 208pp.
J.I. Kroschwitz, Editor, Polymers: Polymer Characterization and Analysis, Wiley, New York (1990) xxvi + 957pp.
M. Lazar, T. Bleha, and J. Rychly, Chemical Reactions of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, T.J. Kemp, Translation Editor, Ellis Horwood Ltd. (distributors: J. Wiley), Chichester, W. Sussex, England; New York (1989). 250pp.
A.E. Lever and J.A. Rhys, The Properties and Testing of Plastic Materials, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, Cleveland, OH (1968) ix + 445pp.
L. Mandelkern, Crystallization of Polymers, McGraw-Hill, New York (1964).
L. Mandelkern, An Introduction of Macromolecules, Heidelberg Science Library, Volume 17, Springer Verlag, New York (1972) 161pp.
H. Morawitz, Macromolecules in Solution, High Polymers, Volume 21, 2nd Ed., Wiley Interscience, New York (1975) 549pp.
W.M. Morgans, Outlines of Paint Technology, 3rd Ed., Halsted Press, New York (1990) xv + 503pp.
S.I. Morrow, "Hot Stage Microscopy for Characterizing Thermally Sensitive Polymers," American Laboratory April 54ff. (1976).
A. Peterlin, "Crystalline Character in Polymers," Journal of Polymer Science C9 61 (1965).
A. Peterlin, "Small-Angle X-ray Scattering by Crystalline Polymers," Proceedings of the Conference on Small - Angle X - ray Scattering , H. Brumberger, Editor, Gordon and Breach (1967) pp.145-156.
A. Peterlin, "Morphology and Properties of Crystalline Polymers with Fiber Structure," Textile Research Journal 42 No.1 20-30 (1972).
T.G. Rochow and E.G. Rochow, Resinography: An Introduction to the Definition, Identification and Recognition of Resins, Polymers, Plastics and Fibers, Plenum, New York (1976) 187pp.
A. Sharples, Introduction to Polymer Crystallization, St. Martin's Press, New York (1966).
W.W. Simons and M. Zanger, The Sadtler Guide to the NMR Spectra of Polymers, Sadtler Research Laboratories, Philadelphia (1973) 298pp. Reviewed Journal of Chemical Education 53 No.5 A277-A278 (1976).
C.A. Sorrell, "Liquid Viscosity Measurement Using a Buret," Journal of Chemical Education 48 252-254 (1971).
M. Stacey, "The Fluorocarbons - Vast Field for Research," Spectrum No.150 14-15 (1977).
M.P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, Addison-Wesley (1975) 474pp.
H.L. Thomas, "Predicting Service Life," Industrial Research, July 51-53 (1977).
J.B. Titus, Trade Designations of Plastics and Related Materials, Revised Edition, Plastics Evaluation Center, Dover, New Jersey (1978) 313pp.
A.E. Tonelli, NMR Spectroscopy and Polymer Microstructure: The Conformational Connection, VCH, New York (1989) x + 252pp.
J. Urbanski, et al., Handbook of Analysis of Synthetic Polymers and Plastics, Translated from the Polish by A. Skup, G.G. Cameron, Translation Editor, Halsted Press, New York and E. Horwood, Chichester, Great Britain (1977) 494pp.
B. Vollmert, Polymer Chemistry, Springer Study Edition, Springer Verlag, New York (1973) 652pp.
I.M. Ward and D. Hadley, An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers, John Wiley, New York (1993) 334pp.
A.E. Woodward, Atlas of Polymer Morphology, Oxford University Press (1988).
See Also: Adhesives; Carbohydrates; Cellulose Ethers; Chromatographic Methods; General Organic Chemistry References; Infrared Spectroscopy; and Thermal Analysis.
Soaps and Detergents
N.U. Adam and D.G. Stevenson, "Detergent Action," Endeavour 12 25 (1953).
P.N. Banks, "Paper Cleaning," Restaurator l No.1 52-66 (1969).
N. Bigler, "The Chemistry of Surfactants," CIBA - Geigy Review (1971/2) 3-13.
N. Bigler, "How Surfactants Work," CIBA - Geigy Review (1971/2) 14-23.
N. Bigler, "Wetting-out and Washing," CIBA - Geigy Review (1971/2) 24-32.
E.I. DuPont de Nemours, "Thermal Analysis of Soaps and Detergents," Application Brief No. TA 7 (Undated).
E.I. DuPont de Nemours, "Merpol CH-196 Surface Active Agent," Dyes and Chemicals Technical Bulletin 25 No.1 1-3 (1969).
K. Gutze, "50 Jahre Textilhilfsmittel Chemie," Melliand 33 No.1 51-57; No.2 147-152 (1952).
I.J. Gruntfest, "The Mechanism of the Wetting of Textiles," Textile Research Journal 21 861-866 (1951).
J.C. Illman, B.M. Finger, W.T. Shebs and T.B. Albin, "Cold Water Detergency Studies Using Radiolabelled Soils," Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 47 No.10 379-383 (1970).
E. Jungermann, "Soap," In Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, D. Swern, Editor, Fourth Edition, Volume 1. (1979).pp. 511-585.
F.J. Licata, "Some Metallic Soaps Used in the Protective Coatings Industry," Official Digest No.388 485-491 (1957).
E.H. Lucassen-Reyners, Editor, Anionic Surfactants: Physical Chemistry of Surfactant Action, Marcel Dekker, New York (1981). xi + 412 p.
L.J. Majewski, "On Conservation," Museum News 51 No.7 10-11 (1973).
G.V. Miller, "Some New and Improved Methods for Recovering and Preparing Fossils as Developed on the Rancho La Brea Project," Curator 14 No.4 293-307 (1970).
N. Pilpel, "Domestic Detergents," Research (London) 11 292-300 (1958).
M.R. Porter, Handbook of Surfactants, Chapman and Hall, Glasgow: Blackie, and New York (1991) ix + 227pp.
Procter and Gamble, "Orvus WA Paste," Industrial Soap and Chemical Products Division, Cincinnatti, Ohio (Undated).
J.W. Rice, "Characteristics of Detergents for Cleaning Historic Textiles," Textile Museum Journal II No.1 (1966) 23-37.
J.W. Rice, "Drycleaning of Fine and Fragile Textiles," Textile Museum Journal II No.2 (1967) 21-33.
M.J. Rosen, Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, 2nd Edition, John Wiley, New York (1989) xv + 431pp.
T. Stambolov, "Cleaning and Preservation of Stone Objects," The Treatment of Stone, Centro Conservazione, Sculture all-Aperto Bologna, (1972) 65-71.
See Also: Textiles.
Solvents
ASTM Committe F-23 on Protective Clothing, ASTM Standards on Protective Clothing, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1990) ix + 286pp.
J.H. Boielle, "Applications of Solubility Parameter Concept to Lithography," Printing Technology 16 No.3 100-106 (1972).
H. Burrell, "Solubility Parameters," Interchem. Review 14 3-16; 31-46 (1955).
H. Burrell, "Solubility Parameters for Film Formers," Official Digest No.369 October 726-758 (1955).
H. Burrell, "A Solvent Formulating Chart," Official Digest Nos.384-395 1159-1173 (1957).
A. Clydesdale, Chemicals in Conservation: A Guide to Possible Hazards and Safe Use, 2nd Ed., Scottish Society for Conservation and Restoration, Edinburgh (1990, 1st Ed. 1982) 1 v. (loose leaf).
Dow Chemical Co., Technical Manual, Chlorothene VG Solvent, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Michigan (1975) 28pp.
T.H. Durrans, Solvents, 8th Edition, Revised by E.H. Davies, Chapman and Hall, London (1971) x + 267pp.
W.H. Ellis, "Solvents," Paint Testing Manual, Physical and Chemical Examination: Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers and Colors, 13th Edition, Editor, G.G. Sward, Philadelphia (1972).
R.L. Feller, "The Relative Solvent Power Needed to Remove Various Aged Solvent-type Coatings," Conservation of Paintings and the Graphic Arts, Lisbon Congress 1972, IIC, London, (1972) Offprint.
R.L. Feller, N. Stolow and E.H. Jones, On Picture Varnishes and Their Solvents, Revised and Enlarged Edition, Case Western Reserve University Press, Cleveland, Ohio (1971) xxi + 251pp.
Fisher Scientific Co., Fisher Manual of Laboratory Safety, Bulletin No.202, Fisher Scientific Co., Pittsburgh (1972) 66pp.
H.A. Gardner and G.O. Sward, Paint Testing Manual, Physical and Chemical Examination: Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers and Colors, 22nd Ed., Gardner Laboratory, Bethesda, Maryland (1962) Chapter 22.
C.M. Hansen, "Solvent Use in the Coatings Industry," American Chemical Society, Division of Industry and Engineering Chemists, Abstracts of Papers, 164th Meeting, New York, N.Y. (1972) Abstract 54.
C. Hansen and A. Beerbower, "Solubility Parameters," Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Supplemental Volume, Interscience New York (1971).
K.L. Hoy, "New Values of the Solubility Parameter from Vapor Pressure Data," Journal of Paint Technology 42 76 (1970).
L.C. Jackson, "How to Select a Substrate Cleaning Solvent: Contaminant Removal Using Solubility Paramater Technology," Adhesives Age 17 No.12 21-31 (1974).
L.C. Jackson, "Contamination Detection, Character-ization and Removal Based on Solubility Parameters," NTIS 7pp.
G.F. Longster and E.E. Walker, "Effect of Permanent Dipoles on the Cohesive Energy and Solvent Action of Some Highly Polar Substances," Transactions of the Faraday Society 49 228 (1953).
I. Mellan, Industrial Solvents Handbook, Noyes Data, Park Ridge, N.J. (1970) 478pp.
N.H. Proctor, J. Hughes, and M. Fischman, Chemical Hazards of the Workplace, Lippincott, Blackwell, NA (1988).
C. Reichardt, Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry, 2nd Revised and Enlarged Edition, trans. from the German, VCH, Weinheim and New York (1988, c.1979) xxii + 534pp.
J. Reilly, Distillation, Methuen, London (1936) viii + 120pp.
M. Reish, "Shell Offers Odor-free Hydrocarbon Solvents," Chemistry and Engineering News 12 December (1988).
J.A. Riddick and W.B. Bunger, Organic Solvents; Physical Properties and Methods of Purification, 3rd Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1970) xiii + 1041pp.
Safety and Fire Protection Committee, MCA, Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, 2nd Ed., Manufacturing Chemists Association.
R.D. Smith, "The Relative Hazards of Vapors from Solvents Used by Conservators," Guild of Bookworkers Journal XI No.2 3-9 (1972/1973).
P. Sorenson, "Application of the Acid/Base Concept Describing the Interaction Between Pigments, Binders and Solvents," Journal of Paint Technology 47 No.602 31 (1975).
N.V. Steere, Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, Division of Chemical Education, American Chemical Society, Volume l (1967) 125pp.; (1971) 131pp.
N. Stolow, N.S. Brommelle and P. Smith, Editors, "Solvent Action," Conservation and Restoration of Pictorial Art, Butterworths, London (1976) 153.
R.S. Stricoff and D.B. Walters, Laboratory Health and Safety Handbook: A Guide for the Preparation of a Chemical Hygiene Plan, Wiley, New York (1990) xix + 330pp.
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 0282-7298; 3773 Report (Sweden. Statens naturvardsverk), Technical Review of the Use and Options for Phaseout of 1,1,1-trichloroethane-subarea Release Agents, trans. from the Swedish (1990) 11pp.
J.P. Teas, Predicting Resin Solubilities, (Technical Bulletin: Ashland Chemical Company, No.1206), Ashland Chemical Company, Columbus, Ohio (1971) 9pp.
R.W. Tess, Solvents Theory and Practice, Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry at the 162nd Meeting of the
American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., September 15 - 16, 1971, Washington, D.C. (1973).
G. Torraca, Solubility and Solvents for Conservation Problems, Second Edition, International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property, Rome (1978).
J.F. Voeglein, Jr., Storage and Disposal of Dangerous Chemicals, Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, Volume l (1967).
A. Williams, Paint and Varnish Removers, Noyes Data, Park Ridge, N.J. (1972) viii + 203pp.
Solvents: Acetone
R. Bellini and O. Sartiani, "The Restoration of a Painting by Tommaso Manzuoli," Kermes 2 No.6 21-25 (1989).
G.A. Berger, "Intainting Usin PVA Medium," In Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings: Technology and Practice for Easel Paintings and Polychrome Sculpture, J.S. Mills and P. Smith, Editors, IIC, London (1990) pp.150-155.
D. Eberhardt and J.-S. Tsang, "The Extractable Components of Oil Paint Films," In Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings: Technology and Practice for Easel Paintings and Polychrome Sculpture, J.S. Mills and P. Smith, Editors, IIC, London (1990) pp.93-97.
L.A. Fox, "The Acetone/Rosin Method for Treating Waterlogged Hardwoods at the Historic Resource Conservation Branch, Ottawa," In Conservation of Wet Wood and Metal, I.D. Macleod, Editor, D.W. Grattan, International Wood Study Editor, Western Australian Museum, Perth, W. Australia (1989) pp.73-94.
G. Hedley, M. Odlyha, A. Burnstock, J. Tillinghast and C. Husband, "A Study of the Mechanical and Surface Properties of Oil Paint Films Treated with Organic Solvents and Water," In Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings: Technology and Practice for Easel Paintings and Polychrome Sculpture, J.S. Mills and P. Smith, Editors, IIC, London (1990) pp.98-105.
Solvents: Benzene
S.G. Burgess and F.J. Schaffer, "Cleopatra's Needle," Chemistry and Industry 1026-1029 (1952).
R. Deschiens and C. Coste, "The Protection of Works of Art in Carved Wood from the Attack of Wood-Eating Insects," Museum 10 No.1 55-59 (1957).
C.B. Gupta, "Conservation Treatment of Pichwas," Conservation of Cultural Property in India 14/15 111-114 (1981/1982).
R. Huyghe, "The Louvre Museum and the Problem of the Cleaning of Old Pictures," Museum 3 No.3 191-199 (English Translation), 199-206 (French) (1950).
H. Ruhemann, "Restoration of La Haie: Landscape near Arles by Van Gogh," Studies in Conservation 1 No.2 77-81 (1953).
Solvents: Cellosolve
J.H. Larson, "The Conservation of a Marble Group of Neptune and Triton Gian Lorenzo Bernini," In Case Studies in the Conservation of Stone and Wall Paintings, IIC, London (1986) pp.22-26.
L. Mayer, "The Examination and Treatment of an Unvarnished Painted Crucifix by Neri di Bicci," In Papers Presented by Conservation Students, 3rd Annual Conference of Art Conservation Training Programmes, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario (1977) pp.61-67.
C.W. McGlinchey, "A Note on Some Alternatives to Ethylene Glycol Ethers," Studies in Conservation 37 275-277 (1992).
K. Wallace, "The Examination and Treatment of Hinterglasmalerei: Or Reverse Paintings on Glass," In Proceedings of the Art Conservation Training Programs Conference (1976) pp.13-27.
Solvents: Diacetone Alcohol
B.B. Lal, "Ajanta Murals: Their Composition and Technique and Preservation," Archaeological Survey of India 53-59 (1967).
B.B. Lal, "Some Conservation Problems in Kathumanu, Nepal, with Special Reference to the Preservation of Bhaktapur Murals," In Conservation of Cultural Property in India: Proceedings of the IVth Seminar (1969) pp.55-71.
S. Keck, "The New York Conservation of a Peripatetic Portrait by John Singleton Copley," Connoisseur 159 138-143 (1965).
G.L. Stout and M. Pease, "A Case of Paint Cleavage," Technical Studies in the Field of the Fine Arts 7 33-45 (1938).
G. Dutter Georges, "Pour ou contre une restauration illusioniste? À propos d'un pavement de Masséot Abaquesnes conservé au Château d'Anet (Eure-et-Loir)," In Science et technologie de la conservation et de la restauration des oeuvres d'art et du patrimoine No.1 June (1988) pp.83-84.
Textiles
Anon., "Natural Clothes Cleaning Presses Case," New York Times 29 November (1993).
G.A. Assarian and D. Oberleas, "Effect of Washing Procedures on Trace-Element Content of Hair," Clinical Chemistry Winston - Salem 23 No.9 1771-1772 (1977).
N.S. Baer, M. Delacorte and N. Indictor, "Chemical Investigations on Pre-Columbian Archaeological Textile Specimens," Advances in Chemistry Series No.164, American Chemical Society (1977) Chapter 18. J.W. Bell, Practical Textile Chemistry, Chemical Publishing Co., New York (1956) 259pp.
J.B. Bird, "The Conservation of Large Embroidered Paracas Mantles from Peru," Curator 11 No.2 95-107 (1968).
J.E. Booth, Principles of Textile Testing, 3rd Edition, Chemical Publishing, New York (1969) 570pp. G.L. Brodmann, "Retention of Chlorinated Solvents in Fabrics," Textile Chemist and Colorist 7 No.5 20-23 (1975).
D. Burnham. Warp and Weft, A Textile Terminology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto (1980).
A.H. Cole, The American Wool Manufacturer, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1926).
J.G. Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibers, Fifth Edition, (2 volumes), Marrow Publishing, London (1975).
Costume Institute, MMA, The Conservation of 18th Century Painted Silk Dress, MMA, NY (1995) 150pp.
B.J Culliton, "The Mystery of the Shroud of Turin Challenges 20th Century Science," Science 201 235-239 (1978).
M. Delacorte, E.V. Sayre and N. Indictor, "Lubrication of Deteriorated Wool," Studies in Conservation 16 9-17 (1971).
G. Di Modica and M. Marzona, "Cross-Ling of Wool Keratin by Bifunctional Aldehydes," Textile Research Journal 41 No.8 701-705 (1971).
J. Dore, "The Conservation of Two Eighteen-Century English Court Mantuas," Studies in Conservation 23 No.1 1-14 (1978).
R.H. Earle, Jr., "Wool That Won't Shr," Hercules Chemist 61 October (1970) pp.1-8.
I. Emery, The Primary Structures of Fabrics, The Textile Museum, Washington, D.C. (1980).
J.D. Fales, A. Bradley and R.E. Howe, "Surface Grafting of Textile Materials," Vacuum Technology 53 March 55-56, 58 (1976).
K. Finch and G. Putman, Caring for Textiles, Watson Guptill, New York (1977).
J. Foltzer, Artificial Silk and Its Manufacture, Pitman, London (1921).
A. French, Editor, Conservation of Furnishing Textiles: Post-prints of the Conference Held at the Burrell Collection, Glasgow, 30th-31st March 1990, Scottish Society for Conservation and Restoration, Glasgow (1990) 110pp.
W.B. Geiger, Journal of Research National Bureau of Standards 32 127 (1944).
J.A. Hall, The Standard Handbook of Textiles, 7th Edition, Heywood Books, London (1969) 370pp.
A.R. Haly, J.W. Snaith and C.A. Anderson, "Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Cortex and Cuticle of Wool and Hair Fibers," Textile Research Journal 40 No.12 1126-1128 (1970).
N. Krevitsky, Batik: Art and Craft, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 92pp.
V.G. Kulkarni, "Further Studies on the Microfibrils from Wood Keratin, Part I. The Isolation of Microfibrils," Textile Research Journal 46 No.11 833-835 (1976).
S. Landi, "Notes on the Use of a Vacuum Hot-Table for Textiles," Studies in Conservation 18 167-171 (1973).
S. Landi, The Textile Conservator's Manual, Butterworths, London (1985). 203pp.
J.E. Leene, "Artificial Aging of Yarns Under the Influence of Light Under Different Atmospheric Conditions," (1965) 18pp.; (1967) 7pp. Mimeographed.
G.E. Linton, The Modern Textile and Apparel Dictionary, Fourth Edition, The Textile Book Service, Plainfield, New Jersey (1973).
H. Mark, N.S. Wooding and S.M. Atlas, Chemical Aftertreatment of Textiles, J. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1971) x + 638pp.
D. McCardle, "Not Just Splitting Hairs," Washington Post, September 10, (1978) pp.Gl-G2.
R.W. Moncrieff, Wool Shrage: And Its Prevention, Chemical Publishing Co., New York (1954) viii + 576pp.
Y. Nakamura and S. Matsukawa, "On Wetting Behavior and Surface Structure of Wool Fibers," Textile Research Journal 41 No.12 1001-1002 (1971).
H.L. Needles, L.J. Sarsfield and D.M. Dowhaniuk, "Modification of the Properties of Wool Through Internal Deposits of Polymers," Textile Research Journal 42 No.9 558-563 (1972).
A. Neukirchner and F. Joerg, "Stereomicroscopes in the Textile Laboratory," Microskopion 28 7-20 (1976).
M. Nockert and T. Wadsten, "Storage of Archaeological Textile Finds in Sealed Boxes," Studies in Conservation 23 No.1 38-41 (1978).
W.J. Onions, Wool: An Introduction to Its Properties, Varieties, Uses and Production, Interscience Publishers, New York (1962) xvi + 278pp.
F. Pertegato, "Restauro dei Materiali Tessili," Notizie CISST 64-81 (1982).
R.H. Peters, Textile Chemistry, Volume 1: The Chemistry of Fibers, Elsevier, London (1963) 477pp.
J.W. Rice, "Principles of Textile Conservation Science No.XVII, Solutions and Other Mixtures for Cleaning and Conserving Textiles and Related Artifacts," Textile Museum Journal 3 No.4 43-45 (1973).
N. Seem, Raw Silk Properties: Classification of Raw Silk and Silk Throwing, Silk Publishing Company, New York (1922) 367pp.
J. Sheridan and M. Delacorte, "A Comparison of the Chemical Characteristics of a Paracas and a Coptic Woolen Textile with Modern Sheeps Wool Fibers," IIC-AG Annual Meeting (1964). Typescript.
S. Siegelaub, Editor, Bibliographica Textilia Hisoriae, International General, Amsterdam (1997) 416pp.
S.C. Temin, N.J. Abbot and C. Park, "Crossling of Wool with Amino Resins," Textile Chemist and Colorist 3 No.12 43-45 (1971).
F.P. Thompson. Tapestry-Mirror of History, Crown Publishers, New York, (1980). 224pp.
C. Tonini, "Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry in the Textile Chemistry Laboratory," Tinctoria 75 No.5 160-162 (1978).
E.R. Trotman, Dyeing and Chemical Technology of Textile Fibres, 6th Ed., Wiley, New York (1984) x + 587pp.
R. Weber, "Stereomicroscopes in the Evaluation of Washing Agents and Their Effects," Microskopion 28 3-6 (1976).
J.C. Williams, Editor, Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1977) 403pp.
H. Zahn, "Adjacent Amino Acid Residues in Wool," CIBA - GEIGY Review (1972) No.1 4-12.
Toxicity
Air Waste and Management Association and Environmental Monitoring Systems, Total Exposure Assessment Methodology: Proceedings of the EPA/A&WMA Specialty Conference: November,
1989, Las Vegas, Nevada, Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1990) x + 677pp.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Guide to Occupational Exposure Values, Cincinnati, Ohio (1990) 119pp.
Anon., "Vorsichsmassnahmen beim Umgang mit Kunststoffen und Chemikalien," Arbeitsblätter für Restauratoren 14 No.2 Gruppe 14 1-5 (1978).
N.A. Ashford and C.S. Miller, Chemical Exposures: Low Levels and High States, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1991) xvii + 214pp.
B. Barker, “Cancer and the Problems of Risk Assesment,” EPRI Journal December (1984). pp. 26-35
E. Browning, Toxicity of Industrial Metals, Butterworths, London (1961).
E. Browning, Toxicity of Industrial Organic Solvents,Revised Edition, Chemical Publishing Company Inc., New York (1953) viii + 411pp.
Council of State Science Supervisors, School Science Laboratories, A Guide to Some Hazardous Substances U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington DC (1984) 60pp. Reviewed: ACS Committee on Chemical Safety, C&EN 72 14 January (1985).
E. Efron, The Apocolyptics: Cancer and the Big Lie, Simon & Schuster, New York (1984) 589pp. Reviewed: J.H. Weisberger C&EN 31-32 12 November (1984).
H.B. Elkins, The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1959) 452pp.
L.T. Fairhall, Industrial Toxicology, Second Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore (1957).
K.J. Freundt, "Gesundheitsgefährende Arbeitsstoffe in der Praxis des Restaurators," Mitteilungen Deutscher Restauratoren-Verband 16-21 (1981).
H.W. Gerarde, Toxicology and Biochemistry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Elsevier, New York (1960) xiii + 329pp.
M.N. Gleason, et al., Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products: Acute Poisoning, Home and Farm, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore (1957; supplement 1959) iii + 72pp.
W.H. Hallenbeck and K.M. Cunningham, Quantitative Risk Assesment For Environemental and Occupational Health, Second Edition, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton. FL (1993). 224pp.
G.T. Hunt and B.A. Egan, "Air Toxics Update," Pollution Engineering 17 No. 6 46-52 (June 1985).
Interdiciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity, “Criteria for Evidence of Chemical Carcinogenicity,” Science 225 682-687 (1984).
D.C.L. Jones, V.F. Simmon, K.E. Mortelmans, A.D. Mitchell, E.L. Evans, M.M. Jotz, E.S. Riccio, D.E. Robinson and B.A. Kirkhart, "In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenicity Studies of Environmental Chemicals," Environmental Protection Agency Project Summary No. 600/S1-84-003, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnatti, OH (March, 1984). 2pp.
A.R. Kolber, T.J. Hughes, T.J. Wolff, L.W. Little, C.M. Sparacino and E.D. Pellizzari, " Development and Assessment of Procedures for Collection, Chemical Characterization and Mutagenicity Testing of Ambient Air," Environmental Protection Agency Project Summary No. 600/S2-83-045, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnatti, OH (August, 1983). 6pp.
M. McCann, Health Hazards Manual for Artists, Fourth Edition, Lyons & Beford, New York (1994). xi + 132pp.
M.A. Mehlman and S.D. Lutkenhoff, Editors, Risk Assessment and Risk Management: United States Environmental Protection Agency International Symposium on Chemical Mixtures, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1988, Toxicology and Industrial Health Series 0748-2337, Volume 5, No.5, Princeton Scientific Publishing Company, Princeton, New Jersey (1989). ix + pp. 619-924.
Merck and Company, Inc. The Merck Index, Eleventh Edition, Rahway, N.J. (1989) xviii + 1606pp.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), "Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to: Ketones," NIOSH Publ.No. 78-173, NIOSH Publication Dissemination, Cincinnatti OH (1978). 9pp.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), "Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to: Toluene," NTIS Publ. No. PB222219, NIOSH Publication Dissemination, Cincinnatti, OH (1977). 6pp.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), "Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Xylene," NIOSH Publ. No. 75-168, NIOSH Publication Dissemination, Cincinnatti, OH (1975). 4pp.
D. Nelkin and M.S. Brown, Workers at Risk, University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1984). xviii +220pp. Reviewed: R. Jackall, Science 225 708 (1984).
New York Textile Conservation Group, "Bibliography: Hazards, Health and Safety in the Conservation Lab," (March 1981). 19pp.
NIOSH, "Criteria for a Recommended Standard; Occupational Exposure to Alkanes (C5-C8)," HEW Publication No. 77-151, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. (1977).
OSHA, "Occupational Exposure to Ethylene Oxide, Final Standard," Federal Register, Part II, Department of Labor (June 22, 1984). pp.25734-25809.
F.A. Patty, Editor, Industrial Hygenie and Toxicology, Vol. I (1958) and Volume II (1963), Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York.
M. Richardson, Editor, Toxic Hazard Assesment of Chemicals, Royal Society of Chemistry, London (1986). 379pp.
M. Richardson, Editor, Chemical Safety: International Reference Manual, VCH, Weinham, NY (1994). xvii + 614pp.
P.G. Urben, Editor, Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards: An Indexed Guide to Published Data, Fifth Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (1990). xxvi + 2005pp.
K. Verschuere, Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, Second Edition, Van Nostrand, NY (1983). vi + 1310pp.
W.F. Von Oettifen, Poisoning: A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia (1958).
Varnishes
E. Andres, Varnishes, Lacquers, Siccatives and Sealing Waxes, Henry Carey Baird and Company, Philadelphia (1882).
T. Barry, Natural Varnish Resins, Ernest Benn, Ltd., London (1932).
G.F. Beal, H.V. Anderson and J.S. Long, "X-Ray Study of Some Natural and Synthetic Varnish Resins," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 24 1068ff. (1932).
C. Coffignier, Varnishes, Their Chemistry and Manufacture, Scott, Greenwood and Son, London (1923).
K. Dieterich, The Analysis of Resins, Balsams and Gum Resins, trans., Scott, Greenwood and Son, London (1920).
C.J. Holmes, "An Essay on Mastic Varnish," Burlington Magazine 35 Pt.2 68, 71, 72, 75 (1919).
G.H. Hurst, A Manual of Painters' Colours, Oils and Varnishes, Charles Griffin and Company, Ltd., London (1922).
R.L. Feller, "Dammar and Mastic Varnishes - Hardness, Brittleness, and Change in Weight Upon Drying," Studies in Conservation 3 162-174 (1958).
R.L. Feller, "Dammar and Mastic, Infrared Analysis," Science 120 1069-1070 (1954).
R.L. Feller, N. Stolow and E.H. Jones, On Picture Varnishes and Their Solvents, Rev. and Enlarged Edition, Case Western Reserve Press, Cleveland (1971) 251pp.
R.J. Gettens and G.L. Stout, Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopedia, Dover, New York (1966).
M.J.D. Low and N.S. Baer, "Dammar and Mastic Infrared Analysis," ICOM Committee for Conservation 5th Triennial Meeting Preprints, 78/16/5-1-6 (1978).
C.L. Mantell, et al., Technology of Natural Resins, Wiley, New York (1942).
C.L. Mantell and R.W. Allen, "Solubilities of Natural Resins in Solvents and Waxes," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 30 262-269 (1938).
C.L. Mantell and A. Skett, "Viscosities of Dammar Solutions," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 30 417-422 (1938).
J.S. Mills, "The Chemistry of Dammar Resin," Journal of the Chemical Society (London) 3132-3140 (1955).
J.S. Mills, "The Constitution of Natural Tetracylic Triterpenes of Dammar Resins," Journal of the Chemical Society (London) 2196-2202 (1956).
J.S. Mills and R. White, "Natural Resins of Art and Archaeology: Their Sources, Chemistry and Identifi-cation," Studies in Conservation 22 No.1 12-31 (1977).
J. Plesters, "Dark Varnishes: Some Further Comments," Burlington Magazine 104 452-460 (1962).
E. Seoane, "Further Crystalline Constituents of Gum Mastic," Journal of the Chemical Society (London) 4158-4160 (1956).
E. Seoane and H.R. Barton, "The Constitution and Stereochemistry of Masticadienonic Acid," Journal of the Chemical Society (London) 4150-4157 (1956).
M. Toch, "Dammar as a Picture Varnish," Technical Studies in the Field of Fine Arts 2 149-152 (1934).
J.H. Townsend and M.M. Wright, Editors Resins Ancient and Modern: Preprints of the SSCR Conference SSCR, Edinburgh (1996) 113pp.
See Also: Autoxidation: Drying Oils; Natural Products; and Solvents.
Waxes
E.I. DuPont de Nemours, "Wax Content of Lubricants," Thermal Analysis Application Brief TA 44 (Undated) 3pp.
Eastman Kodak, "Epolene Waxes," Eastman Industrial Chemicals Publication No.F-170C, November, (1977).
A. Franke, "The Use of Beeswax and Resin in the Restoration of East Asian Lacquer Work," Conservation of Wood in Painting and the Decorative Arts (Undated) pp.45-47 with bibliography.
L.P. Gagen, T.V. Kovalenko, E.P. Melnikova and Y. Nachina, "Restoration of Encaustic Monumental Painting and Murals with Wax Coating," IC0M - Committee for Conservation, 5th, Zagreb , 78/15/14/1-4 (1978).
H. Kühn, "Detection and Identification of Waxes including Punic Wax, by Infrared Spectography," Studies in Conservation 5 71-80 (1960).
J.S. Mills and R. White, "The Mediums of George Stubbs: Some Further Studies," National Gallery Technical Bulletin 9 60-64 (1985).
V.J. Murrell, "Some Aspects of the Conservation of Wax Models," Studies in Conservation 16 No.3 95-l09 (1971).
J. Neuhardt, D. von Eckhardt and A. Hahnl, Koestlich altes Wachsgebild, Exhibition Catalog, Dommuseum, Salzburg (1977) 80pp.
E.J. Pyke, "Ingenious Art of Two Wax Modellers," Country Life Magazine 140 86-87 July 14, (1966).
H. Rakoff, F.L. Thomas and L.E. Gast, "Reversibility of Yellowing Phenomenon in Linseed-Based Paints," Journal of Coatings Technology 51 No.649 25-26 (1979).
Frank B. Ross Co., Ross Waxes, 8th Edition, Frank B. Ross Co., Jersey City, New Jersey (Undated) 3pp.
J. Verseau, "Miscibility of Resins and Waxes," Coating 10 No.12 343-344 (1977). In German.
A.H. Warth, The Chemistry and Technology of Waxes, Second Edition, Reinhold, New York (1956).
R. White, "The Application of Gas-Chromatography to the Identification of Waxes," Studies in Conservation 23 57-68 (1978).
See Also: Chromatographic Methods; and Linings of Paintings.
Wood: Conservation
L.O. Anderson and G.E. Sherwood, "Condensation Problems in Your House: Prevention and Solution," Agriculture Information Bulletin No.373, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (1974).
A. Ballestrem, "Sculpture Polychrome-Bibliography," Studies in Conservation 15 No.4 253-271 (1970).
R.J. Barbour, “Treatments for Waterlogged and Dry Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in
Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 177-194.
W. Bavendamm, Die Holzschäden und ihre Verhütung: Leitfaden der Pathologie des Holzes und der Holzproduckte für Studium und Praxis, WVG, Stuttgart (1974) v + 132pp.
J. Bouis, "La conservation des bois antiques gorgés d'eau," Cahiers d'Archaeologie Subaquatique No.2 (1973) 16pp.
A. Bravery et al., Recognising Wood Rot and Insect Damage in Buildings, Bucks: Building Research Establishment, Aylesbury (1987) vi + 120pp.
A. Burmester, Kunststoffvergutung von Holz durch Strahlenpolymerisierte Monomere, Informationsheft des Buro Eurisotop No.22 (1968) 52pp.
R. Buck, "Some Applications of Rheology to the Treatment of Panel Paintings," Studies in Conservation 17 No.1 1-11 (1972).
S. Dombay, "The Influence of Finish on Colour Changes in Wood," Journal of the Oil and Colour Chemists' Association 56 No.2 77-82 (1973).
W.C. Feist, "Natural Weathering of Wood and Its Control by Water-Repellent Preservatives," American Painting Contractor 69 No.4 18-21 (1992).
W.C. Feist and D.N-S. Hon, "Chemistry of Weathering and Protection," In The Chemistry of Solid Wood, R.M. Rowell, Editor, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1984), Chapter 11.
D.M. Hart, X - Ray Examination of Historic Structures , U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, December, (1975).
R. Harvey and C. Freedland, “Exhibition and Storage of Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 399-420.
N.E. Hickin, Wood Preservation: A Guide to the Meaning of Terms, Hutchinson, London (1971) 111pp.
P. Hoffman and M.A. Jones, “Structure and Degradation Process for Waterlogged Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 35-66.
I. Holmstrom and C. Sandstrom, Maintenance of Old Buildings, National Swedish Institute for Building Research, Stockholm (1975).
ICOM, Papers on the Conservation and Technology of Wood, (Brussels Conference, September 1967) London (1967).
ICOM, Papers on the Conservation and Technology of Wood, (Amsterdam Conference, September 1969).
International Council of Monuments and Sites, Conference on the Problems of Moisture in Historic Monuments, Palais de Chaillot, Paris (1969).
W.L. James, "Electric Moisture Meters for Wood," General Technical Report FPL - 6 , Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin (1975).
H.R. Johnston, V.K. Smith and R.H. Beal, "Subterranean Termites: Their Prevention and Control in Buildings," Home and Garden
Bulletin No.64, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (1972).
S.M. Johnson, Deterioration, Maintenance and Repair of Structures, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York (1965).
M.A. Kalnins and W.C. Feist, "Increase in Wettability of wood with Weathering," Forest Products Journal 43 No.2 55-57 (1993).
K. Loose, "Restaurierung Volkerkundlicher Objekte mit Plast-Masse," Neue Museumkunde 15 No.2 136-144 (1972).
W. Merrill, "Wood Deterioration: Causes, Detection and Prevention," Technical Leaflet 77, American Association for State and Local History, Nashville (1974).
R.A. Munnikendam, "Low Molecular Weight Epoxy Resins for the Consolidation of Decayed Wooden Objects," Studies in Conservation 17 No.4 202-204 (1972).
D.D. Nicholas, Editor, Wood Deterioration and Its Prevention by Preservative Treatments, 2 Vols., Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y. (1973).
E. Packard, "The Preservation of Polychromed Wood Sculpture by the Wax Immersion and Other Methods," Museum News 46 47-52 (1967).
E. Packard, "Consolidation of Decayed Wood Sculpture," Papers Given at the New York Conference on the Conservation of Stone and Wood Objects, IIC, London, June, (1970).
C.E. Peterson, “New Directions in the Conservation of Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 433-452.
H.J. Plenderleith and A.E.A. Werner, "Wood," The Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, New York (1971) Chapter 5.
D.F. Purslow, Methods of Applying Wood Preservatives, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London (1974).
J.T. Rice, “Gluing of Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 373-398.
B.A. Richardson, Wood Preservation, Second Edition, E&FN Spon, New York (1993). xii + 226pp.
R.J. Ross and R.F. Pellerin, "Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood: Past, Presen, and Future," In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials IV, C.O. Rund, J.F. Bussiere and R.E.Green, Jr., Editors, Plenum Press, New York (1991) pp.59-64.
R.M. Rowell, “Chemical Modification of Cell Wall Polymers as Potential Treatments of Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 421-432.
R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990) xii + 472pp.
E. Schaffer, "Consolidation of Softwood Artifacts," Studies in Conservation 16 No.3 110-113 (1971).
T.C. Scheffer and J.W Clark, "On-site Preservative Treatments for Exterior Wood of Buildings," Forest Products Journal 17 No.12 21-29 (1967).
T.C. Scheffer and A.F. Verrall, "Principles for Protecting Wood Buildings from Decay," Research Paper FPL 190, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin (1973).
A.P. Schniewind, “Consolidation of Dry Archaeological Wood by Impregnation with Thermoplastic Resins,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 361-372.
C. Skaar, Water in Wood, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y. (1972).
A.J. Stamm, "Wood Deterioration and Its Prevention," Papers Given at the New York Conference on the Conservation of Stone and Wood Objects, IIC, London, June, 1970.
P. Stumes, "The Application of Epoxy Resins for the Restoration of Historic Structures," APT Bulletin 3 No.1 59-63 (1971).
P. Stumes, "Testing the Efficiency of Wood Epoxy Reinforcement Systems," Association for Preservation Technology Bulletin VII No.3 2-35 (1975).
H. Tarkow, "Characterization and Preservation of Wood," North American International Regional Conference, Williamsburg, Philadelphia (1972).
S. Timmons, ed., Preservation and Conservation: Principles and Practices, The Preservation Press, Washington, D.C. (1976).
M.W. Trinka, S.A. Sinclair and T.C. Marcin, Wood and Fiber Science 24 No.4 385-391 (1992). Offprint.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, List of Publications on Wood Preservation, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, May, (1974).
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wood Handbook, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No.72, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (1974).
I. Venkov, "Epoxy Resins and Restoration," Mueei i pamegritsi na Kulturata 3 43 (1966).
A.F. Verrall, "Building Decay Associated with Rain Seepage," Technical Bulletin 1356, Forest Products Laboratory, Government Printing Office (1966).
A. Villiere, "Holz und Holztränkung," Informationsheft des Buro Eurisotop 21 (1969) 40pp.
J.A. Wermuth, “Simple and Integrated Consolidation Systems for Degraded Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 301-360.
R.A. Young and J.A. Meyer, "Heartwood and Sapwood Impregnations with Vinyl Monomers," Forest Products Journal 18 No.4 66-68 (1968).
See Also: Adhesives: Wood.
Wood: Technology
ASTM, 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Stantards: Wood, volume 04.09, ASTM, Philadelphia and Hitchin, England (1993) 650pp.
R.A. Blanchette, T. Nilsson, G. Daniel and A. Abad, “Biological Degradation of Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 141-176.
H.P. Brown, Textbook of Wood Technology, McGraw-Hill, New York (1949-1952).
B.L. Browning, The Chemistry of Wood, Interscience, New York (1963).
R.D. Buck, "A Note on the Effect of Age on the Hygroscopic Behavior of Wood," Conservation l 39-44 (1952).
Comite International D’histoire de L’art, Architecture in Wood, Glossarium Artis 10, K.G. Saur, Munich (1997). 331pp.
D. Fengel and G. Wegener, Wood: Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions, Walter de Gruyten, Berlin (1984).
M.E. Florian, “Scope and History of Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 3-34.
D. Grosser Die Hoelzer Mitteleuropas: Ein Mikrophotographischer Lehratlas, Springer, Berlin (1977).
F.K. Hall, "Wood Pulp," Scientific American 230 No.4 52-62 (1964).
E. Hagglund, Chemistry of Wood, Academic Press, New York (1951).
J.I. Hedges, “The Chemistry of Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 111-140.
T.L. Highly, "Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Decay Resistance of Wood," Forest Products Journal 23 No. 1 (1973)
F.F.P. Kollmann, Principles of Wood Science and Technology, Springer, Berlin (1968- 1975).
D.D. Nicholas, Editor, Wood Deterioration and Its Prevention by Preservative Treatments, vol. 1, Degradation and Protection of Wood, Syracuse wood science series, 5, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York (1973) vii + 373. TA.422.N53 v.1
N.I. Nikitin, The Chemistry of Cellulose and Wood, Davey, New York (1966).
T. Nilsson and G. Daniel, “Structure and the Aging Process of Dry Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 67-86.
R.A. Parham, "Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Practical Tool in Wood Technology," Forest Products Journal 25 No.12, December, 19-25 (1975); AATA 14-1.
R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990) xii + 472pp.
S. Saka, R.J. Thomas and J.S. Gratzl, "Lignin Distribution: Determination by Energy-Dispersive Analysis of X-Rays," TAPPI 61 No.1 73-76 (1978).
S. Saka, R.J. Thomas and J.S. Gratzl, "Lignin Distribution by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis," Dietary Fibers: Chemistry and Nutrition, G.C. Inglett and I. Falkehag, Editors, Preprint Version.
A.P. Schniewind, “Physical and Mechanical Properties of Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 87-110.
A.J. Stamm, Wood and Cellulose Science, Ronald Press Company, New York (1964) x + 549pp. A.J. Stamm, "Stabilising the Dimensions of Wood," U.S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, (1950-1951) pp.807-879.
R.C. Tang and N.D. Smith, "Investigation of Anisotropic Shrage of Isolated Softwood Tracheids with SEM, Part 1: Longitudinal Shrage," Wood Science 8 no.1 415-424 (1975).
H.D. Tiemann, Wood Technology: Constitution, Properties and Uses, 3rd Edition, Pitman, New York (1951).
USDA, "Properties of Wood Related to Drying," Forest Products Research Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, June (1951).
E.A. Wheeler, P. Baas, and P.E. Gasson, eds., IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification: With an Appendix on Non-anatomical Information, International Association of Wood Anatomists Committee (Revision of, "Standard List of Characters Suitable for Computerized Hardwood Identification," IAWA Bulletin, n.s. 10 3 219-332) Rijksherbarium, Leiden, the Netherlands (1989).
Wood Technology: Chemical Aspects, A symposium sponsored by the Cellulose, Paper and Textile Division, 172nd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Irving S. Goldstein, editor, San Francisco, August-September, 1976, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1977).
Wood: Waterlogged
W. Ambrose, "Freeze Drying of Swamp Degraded Wood," Conference on the Conservation of Stone and Wooden Objects, IIC, New York (1970) pp.53-57.
W. Ambrose, "Stabilizing Degraded Swamp Wood by Freeze Drying," ICOM Committee for Conservation, 4th meeting (1975) 75/8/41 to 14.
W. Ambrose, "Sublimation Drying of Degraded Wet Wood," Pacific Northwest Wet Site Wood Conservation Conference, Editor, G. Grosso, 2 vols. (1977) 7-15.
W.R. Ambrose, “Application of Freeze-Drying to Archaeological Wood,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 235-262.
L.G. Barkman, "Further Comments on the Conservation of Waterlogged Wood," Pacific Northwest Wet Site Wood Conservation Conference, Editor, G. Grosso, 2 vols. (1977) pp.47-60.
J. Bouis, "La conservation des bois antiques gorgés d'eau," Cahiers d'Archaeologie Subaquatique (1973) No.2 16pp.
B. Christensen, The Conservation of Waterlogged Wood in the National Museum of Denmark, National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen (1970).
H. Ebert, "Zur Feuchtholzkonservierung," Arbeits-blätter für Restauratoren 10 No.1 Gruppe 8 78-80 (1977).
W.C. Feist, “Outdoor Wood Weathering and Protection,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 263-300.
M.L. Florian, "Waterlogged Artifacts: The Nature of the Materials," Journal of the Canadian Conservation Institute 2 11-15 (1977).
G.H. Grosso, "Field Conservation of a Variety of Waterlogged Artifacts from a Remote Archaeological Site," IIC Congress, Stockholm (1975).
B. Håfors, “The Role of the Wasa on the Development of the Polyethylene Glycol Preservation Method, In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 195-216.
G.F. MacDonald, "The Problems and Promise of Wet Site Archaeology," Journal of the Canadian Conservation Institute 2 3-10 (1975).
J.C. McCawley, "Waterlogged Artifacts: the Challenge to Conservation," Journal of the Canadian Conservation Institute 2 17 (1977).
H. McKerrell, E. Roger and A. Varsanyi, "The Acetone/Rosin Method for Conservation of Waterlogged Wood," Studies in Conservation 17 No.3 111-125 (1972).
B. Muhlethaler, The Conservation of Waterlogged Wood and Wet Leather, Editions Eyrolles, Paris (1973).
R.A. Munnikendam, "The Conservation of Waterlogged Wood with Glycol Methacrylate," Studies in Conservation 18 No.2 97-99 (1973).
L.D. Murdock, "A Stainless Steel Polyethylene Glycol Treatment Tank for the Conservation of Waterlogged Wood," Studies in Conservation 23 No.2 69-75 (1978).
W.A. Oddy, Editor, "Problems in the Conservation of Waterlogged Wood," Maritime Monographs and Reports, No.16, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England (1975).
R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990) xii + 472pp.
B.L. Stark, "Waterlogged Wood Preservation with Polyethylene Glycol," Studies in Conservation 21 No.3 154-158 (1977).
Q. Tran, R. Ramière and A. Ginier-Gillet, “Impregnation with Radiation-Curing Monomers and Resins,” In R.M. Rowell and R.J. Barbour, Editors, Archaeological Wood: Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No.225, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1990). pp. 217-234.