material handling 1

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Ministry of high Education and Scientific Research

Foundation of Technical EducationElectrical and Electronic Technical College

Medical Instrumentation Engineering Department

Mode Unit in study

Materials Handling

For

Students of Fourth StageMedical Instrument Department

By

Ali Abdul-Elah Noori

Assistant lecturer

DepartmentOf Medical Instrumentation Engineering2011


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1.Overviewa. Target Population: For students of stage of second and fourth stage in technical

Colleges and Institutes in foundation of technical education.

b. Rationale: To manufacture any product, it is necessary either that materials movefrom one step of the manufacturing process to another or that operators move to the

materials. The most common practice, of course, is to move the move the materials.

This movement of materials from one processing area to another and from department

to department necessitates the use of many personnel and equipment and the handling

of treatment tonnages of materials.

c. Central Ideas: Material handling can be a major source of occupational injurieswhether the work is done manually or with mechanical assistance. Jobs that involvemanual, mechanical or repetitive handling present the highest risk of injury. Material

handling using powered industrial vehicles also present hazards and risks in

movement and property damage.

a. Objectives:The student will be able after finishing lecture on:- Define the material handling.- Study the main objectives, principles and factors of the material handling.

2. Pre-Test:

1. Define the term Material handling.2. Material handling is considered form indirect cost. State True or False3. Adaptability is considered from factors affecting the selection of materials handling

Equipment. State True or False

4. Materials handling equipment can be divided into many classifications such as --------and --------.

5. Reduce the manufacturing cycle timecomes undera) Principles of material handling.b) Objectives of material handling.c) Factors of material handling.d) Types of material handling.

Note:Check your answers in Answer Keys in end of mode unit. If you obtain 75% of

solution, you cannot need to this mode unit. If your answer is poor, you will transfer to

next page.


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3. Theory:Introduction

To manufacture any product, it is necessary either that materials move from one step of

the manufacturing process to another or that operators move to the materials. The most

common practice, of course, is to move the move the materials. This movement of materials

from one processing area to another and from department to department necessitates the use

of many personnel and equipment and the handling of treatment tonnages of materials.

Consideration for the handling of work-in-processes materials, as well as raw material

and finished goods, has always been a part of the production systems design process. Basic

cost accounting evaluation of the cost of manufacturing products reveals that when materials

handling costs are separated from other costs, they can be seen to be significant. Recently, the

materials handling function has been undergoing significant changes in concept and

implementation. Management has been changing its view of materials handling as the routine

transfer of materials from place to place and is beginning to think of it as part of a total

materials flow system. This change in thinking has come about largely as a result of new

automatic handling and storage equipment and systems that are integrated closely with

automatic processing and sophisticated management information and control systems.

Definition of Materials HandlingIn a broad sense, materials handling includes all movement of materials, in a

Manufacturing situation. It has been defined by the Materials Handling Division. American

Society of Mechanical Engineers, as follows: Materials handling is the art and science

involving the moving, packing, and storing of substances in any form. 20-70% of product

cost attributed to material handling This is an all inclusive definition and can include fluids

and semi-fluids, as well as discrete items. For the sake of simplicity, we shall limit our

discussion in this chapter to the movement of discrete items, such as gears, tires, castings, and

boxes. Similarly, we shall consider only the movement of materials within the plant or storage

areas. Movement of materials between plants- particularly when common carriers are used

is generally considered a problem in traffic and is frequently handled by a separate traffic

department.

Objectives of Materials Handling

The simplest solution to the materials handling problem- No movement, no cost is hardly

practicable for a complete manufacturing process. It is basically sound approach when one is


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attempting to improve a complete production cycle and when the number of handling can be

reduced. It is also a good solution in the making of heavy industrial equipment.

In the latter situation it is often more feasible to bring the tools and workers to the product

than to transport the product to the machine or work area.

In addition to the objective of reducing the overall costs of materials handling by reducing the

number of handling involved, the following may be considered as objectives of the engineer

in his or her approach to this problem.

1. Lower the unit materials handling costs. It is obvious that if the overall materialshandling costs are reduced the unit costs will be reduced. This approach requires the

costs of handling be allocated to or identified with the units of product, or its

component parts that moved.

2. Reduce the manufacturing cycle time: The total time required to make a productfrom the receipt of raw materials to the finished goods can be reduced through

effective materials handling.

3. Contribute toward a better control of the flow of goods: A principle way in whichgood materials handling practice can affect savings is by making the control of goods

easier particularly in continuous manufacturing, where all operations are tied

together by the materials handling plan.

4. Provide for improved working conditions and greater safety in the movement ofmaterialsmany of the provisions of the occupational Safety and Health Act requireadherence to safe handling practices. These must be followed. In addition, it is evident

that the safe handling of materials will be reflected in a better industrial accident

record.5. Provide for fewer rejects: Care in the handling of the product will contribute to a

better quality level of the goods produced. Products damaged by inefficient handling

are all too often a major cost to manufacturer.

6. Achieve decreased storage requirement: Better movement and storage of materialsshould increase the utilization of storage space.

7. Gain Higher productivity at lower manufacturing cost: Any materials handlingsystem, if it is worth its investments, is design to improve productivity. This

improvement should be achieved by moving materials in the fastest, most efficient and

economical way possible.


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Principles of Material Handling

A good materials handling engineer will generally have several years of experience that can

be brought to bear on the solution of materials handling problems or the design of materials

handling systems. The following list is considered the principles of material handling:

a. Reducing to a minimum the number of handlings of materials.

b. Eliminating unnecessary mixing and subsequent sorting.

c. Using mechanical aids to eliminate the use of hand labor in movement of materials.

d. Avoiding the unnecessary transfer of materials from floor to workplace or from container to

container.

e. Increasing the speed of handling.

f. Utilizing containers and unit loads.

g. Utilizing gravity as a moving force wherever practicable.

h. Introducing automatically into the materials handling plan.

General Types of Materials Handling Equipment

Materials handling equipment can be divided into five classifications.

1. Conveyors

2. Monorails, hoists, and cranes

3. Industrial trucks

4. Containers and supports

5. Auxiliary and other equipment

Factors Affecting the selection of Materials Handling Equipment

The selection of materials handling equipment requires the attaining of proper balance

between the production problem, the capabilities of the equipment available, and the human

element involved. The ultimate aim is to arrive at the lowest cost per unit of material handled.

Engineering and economic factors to be taken into consideration may well include thefollowing:

4. Self-Test1.Materials handling is the art and science involving the -------, -------, and ------- of substances

in any form.

2. Material handling ----------- a better control of the flow of goods.

3. Material handling is utilized gravity as a moving force wherever practicable. State True or false.

4. List types of equipments of material handling.


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1. Adaptability: the load carrying and movement characteristics of the equipment shouldfit the materials handling problem.

2. Flexibility: Where possible the equipment should have flexibility to handle more thanone material, referring either to class or size.

3. Load capacity: Equipment selected should have great enough load-carryingcharacteristics to do the job effectively, yet should not be too large and result in

excessive operating costs.

4. Power: Enough power should be available to do the job.5. Speed: Rapidity of movement of material, within the limits of the production process

or plant safety, should be considered

6. Space requirements: The space required to install or operate materials handlingequipment is an important factor in its selection.

7. Supervision required: As applied to equipment selection, this refers to the degree ofautomaticity designed into the equipment.

8. Ease of maintenance: Equipment selected should be easily maintained at reasonablecost.

9. Environment: Equipment selected must conform to any environment regulations.10.Cost: The consideration of the cost of the equipment is an obvious factor in its

selection.

5. Post- Test

1. What is meaning with material handling2. The --------- is considered of equipment of material handling.3. Flexibility comes under term principles of material handling. State True or false.4. List briefly the five factors affecting the selection of materials handling equipment.5. Provide for fewer rejects comes under

a) Principles of material handling.b) Types of material handling.c) Factors of material handling.d) Objectives of material handling.

Note: Check your answers in Answer Keys in end of mode unit.

5. The termload capacitycomes undera) Principles of material handling.b) Objectives of material handling.c) Factors of material handling.d) Types of material handling.


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6. References1. Principles of Project Management, NPC publication2. S. Choudhury Project Management, Tata McGraw Hill 20033. Iaba Manual Materials Handling Industrial Accident Prevention Association,2008

Website: www.iapa.ca.

Answer KeysPre- Test

1. Materials handling is the art and science involving the moving, packing, and storing ofsubstances in any form.

2. True.3. True.4. Conveyors and monorails.5. b) Objectives of material handling.

Self-Test

1. moving, packing, and storing.2. contributes toward .3. True.4.

- Conveyors

- Monorails, hoists, and cranes

- Industrial trucks

- Containers and supports-Auxiliary and other equipment.

5. c) Factors of material handling.Post- Test

1. Materials handling is the art and science involving the moving, packing, and storing ofsubstances in any form.

2. Conveyors3. False.4.

Adaptability.

Flexibility. Load capacity.

Power.

Speed.

5. d) Objectives of material handling.


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material handling 1

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