matakuliah genetika jurusan biologi fakultas matematika...
TRANSCRIPT
Matakuliah Genetika Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Lampung
For a molecule to serve as the genetic material, it must exhibit four crucial characteristics:
• Replication
• Storage of information
• Expression of information
• Source of variability
Genetic material
• Fred Griffith (1928)
• Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944)
• Alfred Hershey dan Martha Chase (1952)
DNA as genetic material
DNA Structure
• A research group at King's College in London, led by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, also was studying the structure of DNA by using X-ray diffraction and obtained strikingly better pictures of the molecule
• X-ray diffraction photograph by Rosalind Franklin using the B form of purified DNA fibers. The strong arcs on the periphery represent closely spaced aspects of the molecule, allowing scientists to estimate the periodicity of the nitrogenous bases, which are 3.4 Å apart. The inner cross pattern of spots reveals the grosser aspects of the molecule, indicating its helical nature.
DNA Structure
DNA Structure
Watson and Crick investigated the structure of DNA, not by collecting new data but by using all available information about the chemistry of DNA to construct molecular models
DNA Structure
Base
Sugar
Acid
Monophosphate
Diphosphate
Triphosphate
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil
Purine
Pyrimidine
Ribose, Deoxyribose
1’
2’ 3’
4’
5’
In a DNA double helix:
Adenine = Thymine
Guanine = Cytosine
So,
Adenine + Guanine = Thymine + Cytosine Purine = Pyrimidine
Chargaff’s rule
• Diketahui bahwa kandungan Adenin dari molekul DNA suatu makhluk hidup adalah 20%, tentukan kandungan Guanin, Timin dan Sitosin pada molekul DNA tersebut!
A = 20%
A = T = 20%
G + S = 100% – (20%+20%)
G + S = 60%
G = S = 30%
Aturan Chargaff
DNA & RNA
• Struktur
– Gula Pentosa
– Basa Nitrogen
• Jenis rantai
• Panjang rantai
• Lokasi
• Fungsi/Peran