mastitis prevention and treatment.ppt

8/18/2019 Mastitis Prevention and Treatment.ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mastitis-prevention-and-treatmentppt 1/52

MastitisMastitis Prevention andPrevention and

Treatment Treatment Jef Bleck, DVM Jef Bleck, DVM

Kettle Moraine Large AnimalKettle Moraine Large AnimalClinicClinic

Plymout, !"Plymout, !"



Mastitis #a$$ens%Mastitis #a$$ens%

&ocus on'&ocus on'

A( PreventionA( Prevention

)( Vaccinations)( Vaccinations

*( +nvironment*( +nvironment

( Milking $rocess( Milking $rocess

B(B( Treatment Treatment)()( Culturing ProgramsCulturing Programs

*(*( A$$ro$riate Tera$yA$$ro$riate Tera$y



Mastitis is often the endMastitis is often the end

result of the interaction ofresult of the interaction ofseveral factors.several factors.

M A

N

MASTITIS

MA N

A G E M

E N T

M I C R

O -

O R

G A N I S M

S

C O W

E N V I R O N M E N T



Mastitis VaccinesMastitis Vaccines

+fective "mmuni-ation is Di.cult+fective "mmuni-ation is Di.cult

/ Volume o0 milk dilutes te 1 o0 immuneVolume o0 milk dilutes te 1 o0 immune

cellscells

/ &at and casein reduce 2actericidal&at and casein reduce 2actericidal

a2ilities o0 immune cellsa2ilities o0 immune cells

/ Co3s are e4$osed to numerous 2acteriaCo3s are e4$osed to numerous 2acteria/ Milk is an e4cellent su2strate 0or gro3tMilk is an e4cellent su2strate 0or gro3t



Vaccine Ty$esVaccine Ty$es

5ta$ylococcus aureus5ta$ylococcus aureus

/ 5omato65ta$5omato65ta$

/ LysigenLysigen

+( Coli+( Coli/ J67 J67 BacterinBacterin

/ J6Vac J6Vac

/ +ndo6Vac Bovi+ndo6Vac Bovi

8se gram6negative core antigens to8se gram6negative core antigens to$roduce non6s$eci9c immunity directed$roduce non6s$eci9c immunity directedagainst endoto4ic diseaseagainst endoto4ic disease



Compliance?Compliance?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2 3

J5 Shot #

% P

r o t e c t i o n

30-40%

60-80%



+( Coli Vaccination Programs+( Coli Vaccination Programs

&arm 5$eci9c6Based on Bacterial&arm 5$eci9c6Based on Bacterial

callengecallenge

/ Tree sot $rogram Tree sot $rogram

/ :uarterly:uarterly

/ 5easonally5easonally

/ MontlyMontly

/ #y$er6immuni-ation#y$er6immuni-ation



5;P Vaccine Tecnology5;P Vaccine Tecnology



Anatomy o0 Teat De0enseAnatomy o0 Teat De0ense



CLEANCLEAN

“ Hygiene is a dominant factor in mastitis“ Hygiene is a dominant factor in mastitiscontrol, influencedcontrol, influenced primarily by cow primarily by cow

comfort, ventilation and bedding”comfort, ventilation and bedding”

&etro3 et al <*==*>&etro3 et al <*==*>

Cow Environment



Minimie !"cteri" o"$ %m"&imie imm'nit(

)r()r(

Ce"nCe"n

Com*ort"!eCom*ort"!e



Correlation Between BeddingCorrelation Between Bedding

Contamination and the Bacteria inContamination and the Bacteria in

Milk Milk +e$$in,

c*'%,m

Mi-

c*'%m

Pen # . /.012221222 342

Pen # 63/12221222 625

Pen # 7 0212221222 .5

Farnsworth & Reneau Unpub, 1989



"Creating Your Playbook for u!!ess" # !ourse for Parlor $anagers%



+"cteri" Co'nt8 on In$ivi$'"

S"n$ S"m9e8 :c*'%cc;666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666



Bedding &re?uencyBedding &re?uency

Critical to decreasingCritical to decreasing

bacteria numbers in stallsbacteria numbers in stalls



Bedding sand on scedule o0 times in *Bedding sand on scedule o0 times in *

3eeks( @rooming 3it cement oe at eac3eeks( @rooming 3it cement oe at eac

si0t(si0t(



@oal@oal

Kee$ total 2acteria counts 2elo3 *6 millionKee$ total 2acteria counts 2elo3 *6 million

Kee$ coli0orm 2acteria countsKee$ coli0orm 2acteria counts 2elo32elo3 ) million) million<),===,=== cc>(<),===,=== cc>(

Kee$ environmental stre$tococciKee$ environmental stre$tococci 2elo32elo3 )6*)6*millioncc(millioncc(

+nvironmental ygiene is critical in $reventing+nvironmental ygiene is critical in $reventingenvironmental mastitis(environmental mastitis(

Kee$ Bedding materials as dry as $ossi2le(Kee$ Bedding materials as dry as $ossi2le(



Wat Are !e "talls !elling #ou$$

%ore manure, more mastitis&



Conc'8ion

• Controlling exposure to environmental

pathogens beteen mil!ings is

important "or u##er h$giene• &e##ing material must be properl$

maintaine# to re#u'e exposure(

prevent u##er in"e'tions an# re#u'e)CC

• &e##ing materials must be 'are"ull$

sele'te#



ow its ti'e to 'o(e into the

parlor or 'ilking barn%>75% of>75% of

ClinicalClinical

Mastitis occursMastitis occurs

during theduring the

milkingmilking



Clean*Clean*Clean*

+il!ers must ear gloves*

,n# eep them Clean*

eep +il!ing .nits Clean

eep 'o plat"ormsClean



What We nowWhat We now Positive relationsi$ e4ists 2et3eenPositive relationsi$ e4ists 2et3een

2acteria on teat ends and2acteria on teat ends andintramammary in0ectionsintramammary in0ections <e32old, )E=,<e32old, )E=,

MC>(MC>(

;ates o0 clinical mastitis are related;ates o0 clinical mastitis are related

to 2acterial counts in 2eddingto 2acterial counts in 2edding<#ogan,<#ogan,

et( al, J( Dairy 5ci E*'*7=, )F>(et( al, J( Dairy 5ci E*'*7=, )F>(

+4$osing teat ends to G),===,===+4$osing teat ends to G),===,===

coli0orm 2acteria increases tecoli0orm 2acteria increases te

$ro2a2ility o0 intramammary$ro2a2ility o0 intramammary

in0ectionin0ection <Bramley and eave Br( Vet( J( ))')H=,<Bramley and eave Br( Vet( J( ))')H=,)E7>()E7>(



8dder Pre$8dder Pre$

;esearc clearly so3s;esearc clearly so3stete B+5TB+5T you can do isyou can do is

reduce 2acteria num2ersreduce 2acteria num2ers2y F7I 3it a $er0ect2y F7I 3it a $er0ect

milking routinemilking routine



.12221222 +"cteri" At St"rt

.521222 A*ter Ce"nin,

.221222 +"cteri" At St"rt

.51222 A*ter Ce"nin,



M"&imie Te"t En$ <e"thM"&imie Te"t En$ <e"th

eather

lies

ther stressors

+il!ing pro'e#ures ma'hines



GF=I sould score ) or

*



&ocus on Cleaning teat&ocus on Cleaning teat

ends%ends%

BacteriaBacteria !ormal "outine !ormal "outine!ormal "outine !ormal "outine

!o #eat $nds Clean #eat!o #eat $nds Clean #eat$nds$nds

$!&"'!M$!#()*$!&"'!M$!#()*

*trep *pecies*trep *pecies +,-5 +,-5 +5 +5

ColiformsColiforms ++,5 5 ++,5 5

Best Wa/s to "educeBest Wa/s to "educe



Best Wa/s to "educeBest Wa/s to "educe

Bacteria on #eats ComparedBacteria on #eats Compared

to !o 0dder 1repto !o 0dder 1rep

'ry !owel (nly )*+

Wet !owel (nly )*+

Wet !owel - .dder "aniti/er )*+

Wet !owel and %anual 'ry )00+

Wet !owel, .dder "aniti/er, and

%anual 'ry )1+

Predip and Manual Dry -85%

"ource2 Cornell .niversity



Ade?uate DryingAde?uate Drying

Most im$ortant ste$Most im$ortant ste$in $remilking ygienein $remilking ygiene

/ Moisture is a gro3tMoisture is a gro3t

re?uirement 0orre?uirement 0or

2acteria2acteria #erds tat dried teats#erds tat dried teats

ad 5CC ,===ad 5CC ,===

cellml lo3er tancellml lo3er tan

erds tat did noterds tat did not/ Mo4ley et al(, )EFMo4ley et al(, )EF

!et to3els cant!et to3els cant

ade?uately dry teatsade?uately dry teats @alton et al(, )F



Teat +nd Cleanliness Teat +nd Cleanliness@oal GF7I )s and *s



;emem2er;emem2er, 3at is on te, 3at is on te

teat end 3en te milking unit isteat end 3en te milking unit is

attaced goes in te tank(attaced goes in te tank(

Look at 2ulk tank records%Look at 2ulk tank records%

/ #ig environmental counts <coli0orms#ig environmental counts <coli0orms

or non6ag stre$tococcus, andor non6ag stre$tococcus, and

sta$ylococcus s$ecies> are goodsta$ylococcus s$ecies> are good

indicators 2etter co3 ygiene <$re6indicators 2etter co3 ygiene <$re6milking co3 $re$aration> and 2ettermilking co3 $re$aration> and 2etter

2edding management is needed(2edding management is needed(



8nit Cleanliness8nit Cleanliness Kee$ units of o0 te $lat0ormKee$ units of o0 te $lat0orm Dro$ oses sould contain saniti-er 3itDro$ oses sould contain saniti-er 3it

$ro$er concentration$ro$er concentration !as units 2et3een grou$s or as needed!as units 2et3een grou$s or as needed

/ Kee$ liner eads clean and vent olesKee$ liner eads clean and vent oleso$eno$en/ Drying liner eads 3en 3et or dirtyDrying liner eads 3en 3et or dirty

Kee$ $lat0orms cleanKee$ $lat0orms clean



8nit Alignment8nit Alignment

Muc more im$ortant tan $eo$le tink%Muc more im$ortant tan $eo$le tink%

8nit must 2e s?uare on udder 3it8nit must 2e s?uare on udder 3it

0or3ard $ull to get even milk outs and0or3ard $ull to get even milk outs and

minimi-e sli$sminimi-e sli$s Dont 0orget a2out teat alignmentDont 0orget a2out teat alignment

/ Make sure teat is $ro$erly seeded in te linerMake sure teat is $ro$erly seeded in te liner

and not t3istedand not t3isted

Kink sort milk tu2e to limit airKink sort milk tu2e to limit air

admissionadmission



1oor #ie *tall1oor #ie *tall

(lignment(lignment



#eat 2ipping#eat 2ippingPrimary ;eason to TeatPrimary ;eason to Teat

Di$ is to ;emove teDi$ is to ;emove te

Milk &ilm Le0t on te TeatMilk &ilm Le0t on te Teat

A0ter Milking !it aA0ter Milking !it aLayer o0 @ermicideLayer o0 @ermicide



Teat Di$ Coverage Teat Di$ Coverage

Pre and Post Di$ or &oam coveragePre and Post Di$ or &oam coverage

sould 2e at least E7Isould 2e at least E7I



Culturing ProgramsCulturing Programs

eed a$$ro$riate sam$le collectioneed a$$ro$riate sam$le collectionand storageand storage

Must ave a $lan to utili-e in0ormationMust ave a $lan to utili-e in0ormation

/ "ndividual co3 cultures6"ndividual co3 cultures60res0res, clinicals,, clinicals,ig scc co3s <t3o diferent $lans>ig scc co3s <t3o diferent $lans>

/ Bulk tank culturesBulk tank cultures

/ Bedding culturesBedding cultures

"0 you dont ave a game $lan dont"0 you dont ave a game $lan dont3aste your money%3aste your money%



Bulk Tank CulturesBulk Tank Cultures

0tili3e /our bulk tank cultures0tili3e /our bulk tank culturesbecause the/ are a source ofbecause the/ are a source ofinformation on how good /ourinformation on how good /ourcow4s teats are beingcow4s teats are being

cleaned.cleaned.6 Bulk tank cultures denitel/Bulk tank cultures denitel/

show inconsistenc/6show inconsistenc/6

6 Management #ipManagement #ip6 Monitor milker performance trendsMonitor milker performance trends

using B#C b/ shift.using B#C b/ shift.



Clinical MastitisClinical Mastitis@rading 5ystem@rading 5ystem

8rade 98rade 9

/ mild :milk onl/ ; clots < =akesmild :milk onl/ ; clots < =akes

8rade +8rade +/ moderate :milk < udder swellingmoderate :milk < udder swelling

8rade ?8rade ?

/ severe :milk, udder swelling <severe :milk, udder swelling <

cow;s/stemicall/ sickcow;s/stemicall/ sick



Anti2acterial Tera$y

;es$onse to Treatment "nuenced 2y'

/ Co3s immune res$onse

/ 5everity o0 mastitis

/ Duration o0 in0ection

/ Causative $atogen

/ Drug used

Te targeted com$artment



Te targeted com$artmentsould 2e considered 3en

coosing anti2iotic treatmentMilk6 environmental 5tre$s( And

5ta$s(

Blood6 +(coli, Kle2siella

Mammary tissue6 5ta$( Aureus, some5tre$s, +(coi

All "MM D Ti



All "MM Drugs are TimeDe$endent

Must give at $eriodic regularintervals <F, )*, * ours>

+4tending te duration o0 tera$y2etter tan a iger dose



&ailure o0 Tera$y

)( 5to$$ing tera$y to soon

*( 53ollen udder $arencyma2locked

milk ducts( 5car tissuemicro6a2cesses

( "nactivation 2y milk and tissue

$roteins7( Micro2ial resistance



Treatment Protocols

@rade ) )> "MM tu2e 0or days

@rade * )> "MM tu2e 0or 7 day

*> Anti6inammatory drug

@rade )> "MM tu2e 0or E days

*> Anti6inammatory drug > 5u$$ortive uid tera$y

> 5ystemic Anti2iotic



Blanket $rotocols dontBlanket $rotocols dont

al3ays 3ork%al3ays 3ork%+4am$le'+4am$le' Co31)==6mastitis L;, @radeCo31)==6mastitis L;, @rade

))

D"MN)F=, P@6=days, MilkNH7l2s(D"MN)F=, P@6=days, MilkNH7l2s(4mastN, 5CCN million, culture64mastN, 5CCN million, culture6

environmental stre$(environmental stre$(

!at treatment o$tion 3ould you cooseO!at treatment o$tion 3ould you cooseO



Treatment Decisions Treatment Decisions

)( Treat as $er $rotocol)( Treat as $er $rotocol

*( Culture and use e4tended tera$y*( Culture and use e4tended tera$ytreatmenttreatment

( Move to os$ital until no sign o0 clinical( Move to os$ital until no sign o0 clinical mastitis(<o Treat>mastitis(<o Treat>

( Dry u$ ?uarter( Dry u$ ?uarter

7( :uarter milk7( :uarter milk

H( Dry of co3 early<dou2le dry treat, etc>H( Dry of co3 early<dou2le dry treat, etc>E( Cull co3E( Cull co3

F( ;emove teatF( ;emove teat



Clean Cows@)ess Mastitis@MoreClean Cows@)ess Mastitis@More

Milk Milk

mastitis prevention and treatment.ppt

Documents