Introduction 1

Masonry Design

Excalibur Hotel, Las Vegas28 story reinforced masonry bearing wall structure

Monadnock Building, Chicago (1891)16 story unreinforced brick bearing wall structure;

6 ft thick walls at base

Introduction 2

________

________

________

______

______

________

__________

Definitions

Slam ArchitectsPonce City Market, Atlanta

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wythe

________

1

2

3

Introduction 3

_________ : beams over openings• Precast Concrete• Steel• Masonry

Masonry Elements

http://www.masonrybc.org/wall_details/structural-c-2-lintel.htm

http://www.jonesandsons.com/precast/lintels.html

Introduction 4

________________:Continuously reinforced horizontal element

Masonry Elements

http://www.masonrybc.org/wall_details/

https://theconstructor.org/construction/masonry/bond-beam-lintel-block/29496/

Introduction 5

___________: A vertical member, built integrally with awall, with a portion of its cross section typically projectingfrom one or both faces of the wall.

Masonry Elements

http://theconstructor.org/construction/masonry-pilaster-wall-design-details/14424/

http://www.axiomcpl.com/dwg/ma/MA06.1-square-masonry-pilaster-details.php

Introduction 6

_____________: multi-wythe wall in which the wythes are tied together so that the combined wythes act as a single unit

_____________: wall built of masonry arranged to have a continuous air space (with or without insulation) within the wall; wythes are tied together (multi-wythe non-composite wall)

_____________: wall having a facing of masonry units securely attached to backing (non-structural)

Composite wall

Cavity wall

Wall Types

Introduction 7

Reinforced Masonry Wall

http://www.masonrysystems.org/wall-systems/cavity-wall-concrete-block-veneer-reinforced-concrete-block/

Introduction 8

Cavity Wall

http://www.masonrysystems.org/wall-systems/cavity-wall-brick-veneer-reinforced-concrete-block/

Introduction 9

Cavity Wall: Cross-Section

Introduction 10

TMS 402 Code:

Less than ¼ unit overlap

Bond Patterns

Running Bond Stack Bond

1/3 Running Bond Flemish Bond

Introduction 11

Compression of mortar in tooling makes joints more weatherproof.

Mortar Joint Types

Interior/Exterior Mortar Joints

Exterior Mortar Joints

Concave V-Joint Weather

Raked Flush Struck

Squeezed Beaded Grapevine

Introduction 12

Unreinforced masonry: Tensile resistance of ____________ is included in design; resistance of any ________________ ______ present is neglected.

Reinforced masonry: Tensile resistance of _____________ is neglected in design (except for ______).

Design

_______________________ Design: Stress under service loads ≤ limiting stress divided by factor of safety. Stresses are within elastic range.

_____________ Design: Design strength (strength-reduction factor times nominal strength) ≥ Factored loads

Introduction 13

____ CodesBuilding Code Requirements for Masonry Structures

TMS 402-16(formerly TMS 402-13/ACI 530-13/ASCE 5-13)

Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other StructuresASCE 7-16

_____ CodesInternational Building Code - 2018

Chapter 7: Fire-resistanceChapter 14: Exterior wallsChapter 21: Masonry

International Residential Code - 2018

_____ CodesCode adopted by jurisdictional body

Building Codes

Introduction 14

TMS 402: Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (C pages)TMS 602: Specifications for Masonry Structures (S pages)

1988: First edition

1995: Seismic requirements moved from Appendix to main body of code; chapter on veneers added; chapter on glass block added

1998: Major reorganization of code; prestressed masonry chapter added

2002: Strength design chapter added; definitions of shear walls added to correspond to IBC definitions; code moved to a three year revision cycle

2005: Changed lap splice requirements, requiring much longer lap lengths

2008: Major reorganization of seismic requirements; added AAC masonry in Appendix

2011: Eliminated one-third stress increase and recalibrated allowable stresses; added infill provisions in Appendix

2013: Changes for partially grouted shear walls; updated unit strength table; limit states appendix

2016: Add shear friction provisions; increase cavity width; update anchor bolts

2022: Go to a six-year cycle

TMS 402/602 Code Overview

Introduction 15

TMS 402/602 Code

Introduction 16

ASCE 7-16 Load CombinationsStrength Design Allowable Stress Design

(1) 1.4D

(2) 1.2D + 1.6L +0.5(Lr or S or R)

(3) 1.2D +1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.5W)

(4) 1.2D + 1.0W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)

(5) 0.9D + 1.0W

(6) 1.2D + Ev + Eh + L + 0.2S

(7) 0.9D - Ev + Eh

Load factor on L in combinations (3), (4), and (5) is permitted to equal 0.5 for all occupancies in which Lo is less than or equal to 100 psf, with the exception of garages or areas occupied as places of public assembly.

(1) D

(2) D + L

(3) D + (Lr or S or R)

(4) D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)

(5) D + 0.6W

(6) D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W) + 0.75(Lr or S or R)

(7) 0.6D + 0.6W

(8) 1.0D + 0.7Ev + 0.7Eh

(9) 1.0D + 0.525Ev + 0.525Eh + 0.75L + 0.75S

(10) 0.6D - 0.7Ev + 0.7Eh

It shall be permitted to replace 0.6D with 0.9D in combination (10) for the design of Special Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls

Introduction 18

Organization Web Address CommentsBrick Industry Association www.bia.org Technical Notes on Brick

Construction

International Masonry Institute

ww.imiweb.org Masonry Bibliography, 1830-1990

Masonry Institute of America www.masonryinstitute.org Reinforced Masonry Engineering Handbook

National Concrete Masonry Association

www.ncma.org Manual of Facts on Concrete Masonry;

e-TEK notes

The Masonry Society www.masonrysociety.org Masonry Society Journal; Designer’s Guide; Database

Portland Cement Association www.portcement.org Concrete Masonry Handbook

Western States Clay Products Association

www.brick-wscpa.org Technical Publications on Veneer and Structural Brick

Masonry Organizations