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Mars One

Country of origin  Netherlands  

Responsible

organization

Mars One and InterplanetaryMedia Group

Status Active

Program History

Program duration 2010 –  Present

First flight January 2016 (planned)

First crewed flight September 2022 (planned)Vehicle Information

Vehicle type Capsule  

Crew vehicle Mars One Dragon (planned)

Crew capacity Four

Launch vehicle(s) Falcon Heavy (planned)

Mars One is a non-profit organization that plans to establish a permanent human colony onMars  by 2023. The private spaceflight project is led by Dutch entrepreneur  Bas Lansdorp, who announced plans for the Mars One mission in May 2012.[1] 

Mars One claims that in 2022, four carefully selected applicants will then be launched in aMars-bound spaceflight to become the first residents on Mars, and that every step of thecrew’s journey will be documented for a reality television program that will broadcast

24/7/365.

The organization has mapped out the next several years in order to highlight major plans andgoals for the mission. January 2016 will mark the start of the Mars One colonization effortwhen a supply mission, carrying 2,500 kilograms (5,500 lb) in spare parts, solar panels, andother necessary supplies, will be launched and scheduled to land in October 2016.[2] 

In 2018, a settlement rover will explore the terrain of Mars in search of the ideal location forhumans to reside. In 2021, the rovers will prepare to assemble the landing of six separateunits to sustain human life. Two living units, two life support units, another supply unit, and athird rover will all arrive in this year. By 2022 the first Mars One team, consisting of fourcarefully selected applicants, will be launched where they will become the first expectedresidents of the Red Planet in 2023. By 2025, a new four-person Mars One crew will be sentfor residency. The organization’s goal is to send four -person spaceflights to the Red Planetevery 2 years after the successful landing of the initial crew. [2] 

The project is endorsed by  Nobel Prize-winning physicist Gerard 't Hooft.[3][4][5] 

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Mission plan

Mars One plans to establish the first human settlement on Mars. According to their schedule,the first crew of four astronauts would arrive on Mars in 2023, after a seven month journeyfrom Earth. Further teams would join their settlement every two years, with the intention that

 by 2033 there would be over twenty people living and working on Mars. The astronautselection process began on April 22, 2013.[6] 

As of April 2013, the mission plan is as follows:[4] 

  2013: a replica of the settlement will be built for training purposes.[7]   2014: The first communication satellite will be produced.  July 2015: The astronaut selection process will be completed; six teams of four .[6]   2016: A supply mission will be launched during January (arriving October) with

2,500 kilograms (5,500 lb) of food in a 5-metre (16 ft) diameter variant of the SpaceX

Dragon.

[7]

 The fallback if this is not ready in time is either to use a 3.8-metre (12 ft)Dragon or to delay by two years.[8]   2018: An exploration vehicle will launch to pick the location of the settlement.[7]   2021: Six additional Dragon capsules and another rover will launch with two living

units, two life support units and two supply units.[7]   2022: A SpaceX Falcon Heavy will launch with the first group of four colonists.[7]   2023: The first colonists will arrive on Mars in a modified Dragon capsule.[7]   2025: A second group of four colonists will arrive. Every 2 years an additional group

of four colonists will arrive.[7]   2033: The colony will reach 20 settlers.[9] 

The Mars One website states that the team behind Mars One began planning of Mars One in2011. The company states that they researched the feasibility of the idea with specialists andexpert organizations, and discussed the financial,  psychological and ethical aspects of it.[10] 

The Mars One project has no connection with Inspiration Mars, a similarly-timed project tosend a married couple on a Mars flyby and return them to Earth over a period of 500 days .[11] 

Selection process

The application period

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Country-wise distribution of the 202,586 applicants in Round 1 (correct to the nearest

percent)[12] 

United States (24%)India (10%)

China (6%)Brazil (5%)United Kingdom (4%)Canada (4%)Russia (4%)Mexico (4%)Philippines (2%)Spain (2%)

Other (37%)

The application was available from April 22, 2013 to August 31, 2013.[13][14] The application

consists of applicant’s general information, a motivational letter, a resume and a video. MarsOne plans to hold several other application periods in the future.[14] 

Anyone over the age of 18 may apply, as long as the application is submitted in one of the 11most used languages on Internet:[15] English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Russian, Arabic, Indonesian, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, or  Korean. Applicants are judged onresiliency, adaptability, curiosity, ability to trust, and creativity.[15] 

By 9 September 2013, 2,782 applicants had paid their registration fee and submitted publicvideos in which they made their case for going to Mars in 2023.[16] The application fee variesfrom US $5 to US $75 (the amount depending on the relative wealth of the applicant'scountry).[17] 

Application videos are available to be watched online.[18] 

The interview period

Initial screening of the applicant pool will begin in december of 2013.[5] Each one of the 300regional committees will choose applicants to proceed to this period:[19] 

Selected candidates must then provide a medical statement of good health from a

 physician.[20]

 

Medically cleared candidates will then be interviewed by one of the 300 regional selectioncommittees who will select applicants to continue to the next step.

Regional selection period

the regional selection could be broadcast on TV and internet in countries around the world.In each region, 20-40 applicants will participate in challenges that demonstrate theirsuitability to become one of the first humans on Mars. The audience will select one winner

 per region, and the experts can select additional participants, if is need, to continue to the

international level.[21] 

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International selection

This international event will be broadcast throughout the world. The Mars One selectioncommittee will create international groups from the individual candidates.

The groups will receive their first short term training in a copy of the Mars outpost. Wholeteams and individuals might be selected out during training when they prove not to besuitable for the mission.

By 2015, six to ten teams of four people each will be selected for seven years of full-timetraining.[12] The selected people will become full-time employees of the Mars One astronautcorps. Each of these groups would obtain the qualifications and skills necessary for the trip toMars, so in that respect it should not matter who goes first. However, given the extraordinarysymbolic and historic significance of this issue, the selection process will involve ademocratic decision. "The people of Earth will have a vote on which group of four will be thefirst Earth ambassadors to Mars."