marijuana mayhem webinar - 2017 - public health law center · marijuana mayhem 12/13/17 7 michael...
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LEGAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
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LegalResearch
PolicyDevelopment,Implementation,Defense
Publications
Trainings
DirectRepresentation
Lobby
MODERATOR / SPEAKER
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Kerry Cork
Senior Staff AttorneyPublic Health Law Center
FEATURED SPEAKER
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Michael Tynan
Policy AnalystCenters for Disease Control & Prevention
FEATURED SPEAKER
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Char Day
Program ManagerAmericans for Nonsmokers’ Rights
FEATURED SPEAKER
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D.J. Wilson
Tobacco Control DirectorMassachusetts Municipal Association
AGENDA
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• Overview- KerryCork• PublicHealthIssues- MichaelTynan• Smoke-freeLawConsiderations- CharDay• TakeawaysfromMassachusetts- D.J.Wilson• Q&A
FEDERAL STATUS
Under Federal Controlled Substances Act• Classified as a Schedule 1 drug• Federal offense to –
– Cultivate, manufacture, distribute
– Sell, purchase, possess, or use marijuana
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IMPLICATIONS OF FEDERAL STATUS
• Lack of commercial banking services– Many marijuana businesses operate solely in cash– Public safety concern from law enforcement
perspective• Disadvantageous federal income tax terms• Limited access to legal services• Possible loss of employment for off-site users• Role of marijuana use in family law proceedings
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CONCLUSIVE OR SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE
Cannabis effective for –• Chronic pain in adults• Chemotherapy-induced nausea & vomiting• Multiple sclerosis spasticity symptoms
Nat’l Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine (2017)
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MODERATE EVIDENCE
Cannabis effective for –Improving short-term sleep outcomes inthose with obstructive sleep apneasyndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic pain andmultiple sclerosis
Nat’l Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine (2017)
12/13/17 19
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
“Smoked marijuanais a crude THC delivery systemthat also deliversharmfulsubstances”
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AGENDA
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• Overview- KerryCork• PublicHealthIssues- MichaelTynan• Smoke-freeLawConsiderations- CharDay• TakeawaysfromMassachusetts- D.J.Wilson• Q&A
MarijuanaSmoking&TobaccoControl;ImpactonSmokefreeLaws
CharDay
ProgramManagerTCLCWebinarDecember2017
@ANR_Smokefree www.no-smoke.org
SecondhandMarijuanaSmoke• Containshundredsofchemicals• Containsmanyofthesamecancer-causingsubstances andtoxicchemicalsassecondhandtobaccosmoke,including:
www.no-smoke.org
Significantlevelsofmercury,lead,formaldehyde,benzene,hydrogencyanide,&toluene.
Similaritiesbetweentobaccoandmarijuana
• Leafcontainshighconcentrationsofoilsandwaxes– “stickyicky”
• NicotineandTHCbothsurvivecombustion• Combustioncreatescarcinogens
– Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons– Formaldehyde– Nitrogenoxides– Heavymetals– Ultrafineparticles
Suzaynn F.Schick,PhDUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco
www.no-smoke.org
www.no-smoke.org
SecondhandMarijuanaSmoke
• Containshazardousfineparticlesthatposeasignificanthealthrisktonon-smokers.
• Fineparticlescan:• Bebreatheddeeplyintothelungs
• Causelungirritation,asthmaattacks,&increaseriskofrespiratoryinfection.
• Exacerbaterespiratoryconditionslikeasthma,bronchitis,orCOPD.
HealthEffectsofSecondhandExposure• Secondhandmarijuanasmokeexposureimpairsbloodvesselfunction. Ithasagreaterandlonger-lastingeffectonbloodvesselfunctionthanexposuretosecondhandtobaccosmoke.
• PeoplewhoareexposedtosecondhandmarijuanasmokecanhavedetectablelevelsofTHCintheirbloodandurine.
www.no-smoke.org
OvercomingPerceivedBarriers
Themarijuanacontrolmovementisinasimilarplacethatnonsmokers’rightsadvocateswereinthe1970’s.
Seeminglyuphillbattleagainstatsunamioflawslegalizingrecreationalmarijuana.
TobaccoIndustryInterferenceTactics• PolicyDiversion
• Weakpolicylanguageintendedtogivetheappearanceof“doingsomething“toaddresstheproblem
• Divertingthepolicydebateawayfromhealth
• “ThirdPartyEndorsers”• Restaurant,Beverage,RetailAssociations• State&localfrontgroups
• Propagandamachine• Economicscareinfo—sales,jobs,tourism• Healthscaretactics:“QuitorDie”argument• Attacksonsciencethrough3rd partyalliesorscientists• Individualrights/anti-bureaucracy/anti-governmentarguments
• Othertactics• Litigation• Electoralactivity– councilraces,referenda,initiative• Preemption www.no-smoke.org
O
www.no-smoke.org
NormalizingMarijuanaUse
Marijuanacocktailsandotheralcoholbeverages…“Toensureeven non-smokers canenjoythedrink,Lagunitas workedwithvapecartridgecompany,CannaCraft,toseparatethefragmentcompoundscalledterpenes,fromtheTHCwhichgetsyouhigh…theweedgivesasubtle,distinctiveflavor.”
ElectronicSmokingDevices
www.no-smoke.org
§ THCoilsanddryherbsarebeinginhaledviaelectronicsmokingdevices(andexhaledintotheenvironment).
§ “E-cigarettesformarijuanaarealreadywidelyavailable,butthemCig isdifferent.It'ssomethingofahybridbetweenane-cigandajoint,inthatyoucanput"dryherb"initandheatittotheedgeofcombustion.”
HazeDualforleafandoilsorwaxes
E-joint
VentilationisNOTasolutiontosecondhandsmokeorsecondhandaerosol
“Ataminimum,establishandmaintainsmoke-freeworkplacesthatprotectthoseinworkplacesfromsecondhandexposurestotobaccosmokeandairborneemissionsfrome-cigarettesandotherelectronicnicotinedeliverysystems.Smoke-freezonesshouldencompass(1)allindoorareaswithoutexceptions(i.e.,noindoorsmokingareasofanykind,evenifseparatelyenclosedand/orventilated),(2)allareasimmediatelyoutsidebuildingentrancesandairintakes,and(3)allworkvehicles.Additionally,ashtraysshouldberemovedfromtheseareas.”
www.no-smoke.org
• Legalizationandcommercializationofmarijuanaisposingproblemsforpublichealthingeneral.
• Smokeissmoke.Marijuanasmokeisaformofindoorairpollution.
• Peopleshouldnothavetobreathesecondhandmarijuanasmokeatwork,inpublic,orathome.
• Marijuanasmokingshouldbeprohibitedinallsmokefreeenvironments.
MarijuanaSmokinginPolicies&Laws
RegulatingMarijuanalikeTobacco
www.no-smoke.org
CaliforniaSenateBill(SB162)bySenatorBenAllen,D-SantaMonica:
• Prohibitsbillboardsalonghighways• Prohibitsfalseormisleadingadvertising• Prohibitsadvertising cannabisonbrandedmerchandise,including
clothingandhats• Prohibitsmarketing thatsuggestsaproductwascultivatedina
certainappellationwhenitwasn’t• Prohibitspublishingadsthatare“attractivetochildren”orthat
encouragepeopleunderage21toconsumecannabis,advertisingonsignswithin1,000feetofadaycare,K-12school,aplaygroundoryouthcenter
Wewouldalsosuggestuseexcisetaxesforpreventionandcessationcampaigns,retailerlicensingandadditionalzoningrules,andprohibitmarijuanauseinsmokefree environments.
[email protected]/marijuana
www.no-smoke.org
OppositionArguments• Marijuanaisnatural andthereforecannotbeharmful
• Marijuanasmokeisdifferent fromtobaccosmoke
• Marijuanasmokeisnotasbad /dirtyastobaccosmoke
• Thereisno/ notenoughscience todocumenthazardsofsecondhandmarijuanasmokeexposure
• Thereisnosecondhand high frommarijuanasmoke
• Noonehasdied frommarijuanasecondhandsmoke
• Justputinaventilation systemthenitsallgood
www.no-smoke.org
Conclusions• Consideracampaignfocusedonnonsmokers’rightsvs.anindustryfocusedonprofitsoverhealth.
• Includemarijuanaindefinitionsof“smoking”insmokefreelaws.
• Bepreparedformarijuanaindustrytactics:• Pushtoexpandlegality&normalizemarijuanause• Denyhealthconcerns• Weakensmokefreelaws→allowmarijuanasmoking
• Sticktohealthmessagesaboutsecondhandsmoke,evenwhenreferringtouseofmedicalmarijuana.
§ Marijuana,legalornot,createssecondhandsmoke.§ Thereisscienceabouttheparticulatemattercreatedbysecondhand
marijuanasmoke,andmoreiscoming.§ Thereisscienceaboutthehealtheffectsofsecondhandmarijuana
smoke,andmoreiscoming.§ Ifwetrulywanttohavesafe,healthy,smokefreespaces,thenthey
shouldbedevoidofparticulatemattercreatedbytobaccocigarettesmoke,marijuanasmoke,andsecondhandaerosolfromelectronicsmokingdevices.
§ Researchdemonstratesthatventilationsystemscannotremoveallofthehazardousgases,toxins,andparticulatemattercreatedbysecondhandsmokeandaerosol;therefore,ventilationisnotasolution.Smokefree environmentsprotectworkersandpatronsfromexposuretosecondhandsmokeandaerosol.
ConclusionsandRecommendations
www.no-smoke.org
MedicalandAdult-UseofCannabisinMassachusetts
December13,2017
D.J.Wilson,TobaccoControlDirector
DavidLakeman,LegislativeAnalyst
MassachusettsMunicipalAssociation
ChrisWalsh,EditorialDirectorofMarijuanaBusinessDailysaidatCSP’sTotalNicotineConference:
• “Thisisaprofessionalindustrynow...”• 2016election:“Thiswillmovequickly.”“...Morethan50%ofAmericanssupportrecreationalmarijuana.”
• “Atsomepoint,legislatureswillhavetoaddressthat.”• Industrywillgenerate$14billionto$17billionin2016,accordingtoWalsh.
• “Babyboomersarehugeforthisindustry.”Wideconsumerbase.
• “Absolutely,BigTobaccoislookingatthis.”• “Theyknowhowtocultivatecrops,theyknowhowtomarketadultproducts,theyknowhowtodistribute.”
DPH’sMedical MarijuanaProgram
• Ballotinitiative2012– 63%to37%- only2outof351municipalitiesvotedno.
• ProgramhousedandregulatedatDepartmentofPublicHealth.• Ediblesnotconsidered“food”forpurposesofFoodCode.
• Localsdonotneedtoenforce,unlesstheywantto.• Localpermittingandregulationallowed.
• Nopreemption• Non-refundablestateapplicationfeeof$30,000.• Annualstateregistrationfeeof$50,000– supportsfundingDPHprogram.
RecreationalMarijuanaQuestion:
ResultsofNovember2016ballotquestion“toregulatecannabislikealcohol”260–yes/91-no
“AnActtoEnsureSafeAccesstoMedical andAdult-UseofMarijuanaintheCommonwealth”effective:12.12.2016- amended7.28.2017
• HousedattheOfficeoftheTreasury(whereABCCislocated).• CannabisControlCommission(CCC)of5memberswithfollowingbackgrounds:
• StevenJ.Hoffman,Chair:retiredBainandCompanyexecutive• KayDoyle,J.D.,formerDPHattorneyforMedicalMarijuanaProgram• JenniferFlanagan,formerlegislator• ShaleenTitle,co-founderofTHCStaffing,cannabisadvocate• BritteMcBride,formerassistantattorneygeneral
• CommissionappointsExecutiveDirector,SeanCollins,J.D.• Chieffinancialandaccountofficerandotheremployees.
ResponsibilitiesofCCC
• Promulgateregulationspriortolicensing.• Superviseindustry.• Implementstatelicensingsystem.• Issuelicensestooperate.• Investigateandenforceviolations.
CannabisAdvisoryBoard(25)
• ExecutiveDirector• CommissionerofPublicHealth• DepartmentofHousingandEconomicDevelopment
• CommissionerofRevenue• CommissionerofAgriculturalResources
• Statepolicerepresentative• MassachusettsMunicipalAssociation
• MassachusettsPatientAdvocacyAlliance
• QualifyingMedicalMarijuanaPatient
• ACLUofMassachusetts
• Marijuanacultivationexpert• Marijuanaretailingexpert• Marijuanamanufacturingexpert• Expertinlaboratorysciencesandtoxicology
• Legalexpertinrepresentingmarijuanabusinesses
• Expertinminoritybusinessdevelopment
• Expertineconomicdevelopmentstrategiesforunder-resourcedcommunities.
• Expertinfarming• Expertinmunicipallawenforcement
• Experienceinimpairmentdetectionandevaluation
CannabisAdvisoryBoard(continued)• Expertinsocialjustice
• Expertincriminaljusticereform• Tomitigatedisproportionateimpactofdrugprosecutionsoncommunitiesofcolor
• Expertinminority-ownedbusinesses
• Expertinwomen-ownedbusinesses
• Expertinpreventionandtreatmentofsubstanceusedisorders
FundingMechanism
• 20%taxonproduct.• 10.75excisetaxonretailmarijuanasales.
• 6.25%salestax.• 3%localtaxifdesiredbymunicipality.
LocalControl
1. LocalitymaynotprohibitanRMDlicensedbyJuly1,2017,frombecomingarecreationalmarijuanastore.HeadstartforRMD’s?
2. Maynotlimittolessthan20%ofthenumberofretailoff-premisesalcoholicbeveragelicenses(packagestores)issuedunderG.L.c.138(orprohibit)thenumberofmarijuanastores,except:1. Ifthecity/townvotedFOR legalization,votersatannualorspecialelectioncanvotethebylaw
orordinanceupordown.2. IfcityortownvotedAGAINSTlegalizationBoardofSelectmenorCityCouncilcanprohibit
marijuanaestablishments.
3. Mayrequire“communityimpactfee’”1. Mustberelatedtocostsimposedoncommunity;notmorethan3%ofgrosssalesof
establishmentorbeeffectiveformorethan5years.
4. Can’trequiresignagemorerestrictivethanalcoholsignage.
LocalControl(continued)
5. Canpassreasonablezoningordinancesandby-laws.5. Temporarymoratoriaenactedindozensofcity/towns.
6. Cannotbe“unreasonablyimpracticable.”5. “subjectlicenseestounreasonableriskorrequiresuchahighinvestmentofrisk,
money,timeoranyotherresourceorassetthatareasonablyprudentbusinesspersonwouldnotoperateamarijuanaestablishment.”5. Whatdoesthismean?
7. Canenforcethefoodcode.5. Butwhataboutmedicalmarijuana?6. CurrentDPHregulationssaymedicalmarijuanaediblesarenotfood.
CCCwilldevelopregulationstoaddress:
• Licensingrequirements• Whogetsalicense– “expeditedreview”forRMD’s?
• Minimumsecurityrequirements• Healthandsafetystandards(inconsultationwithDPH)• Requirementsforpackaging,includingcertifiedchild-resistantandresealable
• Requirethedivisionofeachservingssothatapersoncanidentifyasingleserving
• Banuseofbrightcolors,cartooncharacters• Assurepackagingisopaqueorplainindesign
LabelingRequirements
• SymbolorrecognizablemarkissuedbytheCCC• Warningthatproductisharmfultochildren• Nameandcontactinformationofcultivatorormanufacturer• Labthattestedtheproduct• Certificationthatproductmeetstestingstandards• Uniquebatchnumber• Listofingredients• PercentageofTHCineachserving• Disclaimer–productnotFDAapproved
IllegalonFederalLevel
• U.S.AttorneyGeneralforcontinuedControlledSubstancecategorization
• Cashbusiness– bankswon’ttouchit.• Previousadministration’sstandardoperatingproceduresvs.currentadministration.
• Proceedatyourownrisk.
AdvertisingRequirements• Notrestrictedlikewearewithtobaccobecauseproductisstillillegalfederally.
• Nodeceptive,falseormisleadingads.
• NoadsonTV,radio,internet,billboardorsponsorshipofcharityevents
• UNLESS85%ofaudienceis“reasonablyexpected”tobemorethan21.
• Up-to-dateaudiencecompositiondata.
• Can’tportrayanyonelessthan21.
• Nomascots,cartoons,brandsponsorshipsandcelebrityendorsementsDEEMEDTOAPPEALTOAPPEALTOAPERSONLESSTHAN21.
• Nogiveaways,couponsorfreeordonatedmarijuana.
• Reasonablelocalregulationontiminganduseofilluminatedexternalsignageandneonsigns.
MarijuanaRegulationFund
• Toimplement,administerandenforcethelaw
• Publicandbehavioralhealth• Evidence-basedandevidence-informedsubstanceuseprevention,treatmentandearlyinterventionservices
• Schooldistrictsandcommunitycoalitions
• Publicsafety• Municipalpolicetraining• Preventionandtrustfund• Programingforrestorativejustice
• Jaildiversion• Workforcedevelopment• Technicalassistanceforindustry• Mentoringserviceforeconomically-disadvantagedpersonsincommunitiesdisproportionatelyimpactedbyhigharrestratesandincarcerationformarijuanaoffenses
ResearchAgendaofCCC• StudysocialandeconomictrendsofmarijuanainMassachusetts.
• Howtocloseillicitmarketplace.• Publichealthimpactsofmarijuana.
• Patternsofuse.• Methodsofconsumption.• Sourcesofpurchase.• Marijuanauseamongminors,etc.
• Conductbaselinestudy.• Incidentsofimpaireddriving.• Ownershipandemploymenttrendsinmarijuanaindustry.
Timetable• Dec.15,2016:Personaluselegal– upto12plantsinhome– upto2ouncesonperson.
• Aug.1,2017:GovernormustmakeinitialappointmentstoCAB
• Sept.1,2017:StateTreasurermustmakeinitialappointmentstoCCC.
• Mar.15,2018:CCCmustpromulgateregulations.
• Apr.1,2018:CCCmustbeginacceptinglicensingapplicationsfromallretailers,manufacturersandcultivators.Conundrum#6:
• RMD’sandprovisionalRMD’sgetan“expedited”reviewprocess.• Howdowetellthedifferencebetweennontaxableandtaxablemarijuana?
• Profitornotforprofit?
• FirstdraftofproposedCCCregulationsdue12.29.17.
• Dec.31,2018–MedicalprogrammovestoCCC–butwhataboutnow?
TobaccoInteraction#1• Usedtobecalled“drugparaphernalia.”
• Onlypermittedifretailerhadatobaccosalespermit.
• Nowcalled“marijuanaaccessories.”• “equipment,products,devicesormaterialsofanykindthatareintendedordesignedforusein...ingesting,inhalingorotherwiseintroducingmarijuanaintothehumanbody.”
• Headshopsareperfectlylegal.• Noneedfortobaccosalespermit.
TobaccoInteraction#2• Tobaccosalessampleregulationwouldbeperfectforthistopicbutlegalityofuseunclear
• TobaccoRetailersareaskingforthe“MarijuanaSalesPermit“• RetailerconfusionaroundSyntheticMarijuanaandHemp• TobaccoControlpersonnelnotfundedtoworkonmarijuana
TobaccoInteraction#3• OurcurrentStatewideSmoke-FreeWorkplaceLawusesthisdefinition:
"Smoking''or"smoke",thelightingofacigar,cigarette,pipeorothertobaccoproductorpossessingalightedcigar,cigarette,pipeorothertobaccoornon-tobaccoproductdesignedtobecombustedandinhaled.
OmnibusTobaccoBill(HB2864)
• Increaseminimumlegalsalesageto21• 66.1%ofresidentscoveredbylocalregulationthatdoesthis(156)
• Adde-cigarettestosmokefreeworkplacelaw• 56%ofresidentscoveredbylocalregulationthatdoesthis(130)
• Prohibitsaleoftobaccoinpharmacies• 67.2%ofresidentscoveredbylocalregulationthatdoesthis(152)
• Also,banRYOmachines,vendingmachines,bluntwraps• HearingbeforeJointPublicHealthCommitteeMay2017• Stillincommittee- Legislativedrops3timesaweek.
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