marco antônio arruda, md, phd · neuropsychiatric disorders stuttering 2.0 (1.3-3.0) arch pediatr...
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Marco Antônio Arruda, MD, PhD Childhood and Adolescence Neurology
IHS Child and Adolescent Standing Committee Glia Institute Ribeirão Preto
São Paulo, Brazil [email protected]
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“Additional ailment in a patient with a particular index disease”
Feinsten, AR
Guidetti, Arruda & Özge in Headache and Comorbidities in Childhood and Adolescence
2017
Comorbidity refers to the nonrandom association between two or among several disorders
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headache OR migraine AND comorb* AND (child* OR adolescen* OR infant* OR pediatr*)
Identification n = 644
Screening n = 67
Eligibility n = 27
Included n = 23
Populational samples [n = 27] Clinical samples [n = 30] Review [n = 10]
Children and Adolescents Populational samples
ICHD 2 or 3 Primary headaches
ICD 10 coded diseases
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Somatic Disorders OR (95%CI)
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(3):322-7
Acta Paediatr. 2017;106(6):967-972
J Child Neurol. 2009 May ; 24(5): 536–543
Celiac Disease
Migraine
2.3 (2.1-2.5)
Allergic rhinitis Asthma
Headache
1.5 (1.2-1.9) 1.7 (1.3-2.1)
children
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Celiac Disease
Migraine
2.3 (2.1-2.5)
Allergic rhinitis Asthma
Headache
1.5 (1.2-1.9)
1.4 (1.2-1.6)
Overweight Obesity
1.6 (1.4–2.2)
1.4 (1.1-1.6)
TTH CDH
2.0 (1.04–3.7)
1.5 (1.4-1.6)
Eczema
2 (1.2-3.2)
Anemia
Somatic Disorders
Risk Factors Vascular Disease
BMI C-reactive protein Homocysteine Serum/RBC folate
1.2-1.3 (1.1–1.6)
OR (95%CI)
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(4):358-62
Pediatrics. 2013;132:e9–16 Neurology. 2010;75:712–7 Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(3):322-7
Acta Paediatr. 2017;106(6):967-972
J Child Neurol. 2009 May ; 24(5): 536–543
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137(2): 492–499.e5
1.7 (1.3-2.1)
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2.0 (1.04-3.9)
TTH
3.2 (1.7–6.2)
Neuropsychiatric Disorders
4.5 (2.7–7.2)
Epilepsy
Excluding: 1.4.4 Migraine aura-triggered seizure 7.6.1 Hemicrania epiléptica 7.6.2 Postictal headache
J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
OR (95%CI)
Migraine Headache J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240
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Childhood Occipital Epilepsy (Gastaut type)
Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Panayiotopoulos Syndrome
Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Neurology 2012;79:468–473
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
OR (95%CI)
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
Excluding: 1.4.4 Migraine aura-triggered seizure 7.6.1 Hemicrania epiléptica 7.6.2 Postictal headache
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Sleep Disorder
Bruxism 2.4 (1.7-3.3)
Sleep Talking 2.3 (1.7-3.0)
Somnambulism 3.4 (2.2-5.1)
Persistent Nightmare 2.3 (1.3-3.9)
OR (95%CI)
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache Neurology 2012;79:468–473
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders Learning Disability
1.4 (1.1-1.8)
OR (95%CI)
Sleep Disorder
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache J Child Neurol. 2009; 24(5): 536–543 Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
Neurology 2012;79:468–473
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders Stuttering
2.0 (1.3-3.0)
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(4):358-62
OR (95%CI) Learning Disability
Sleep Disorder
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache J Child Neurol. 2009; 24(5): 536–543 Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
Neurology 2012;79:468–473
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders OR (95%CI)
Anxious Depressed
5.8 (3.0-11.3)
3.0 (2.7-3.5)
Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100 Headache. 2015 Feb;55 Suppl 1:39-50
Stuttering Learning Disability
Sleep Disorder
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(4):358-62 J Child Neurol. 2009; 24(5): 536–543 Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
Neurology 2012;79:468–473
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders OR (95%CI)
TTH
1.3 (1.1-1.6)
3.0 (1.4–6.8)
Anxious Depressed
Stuttering Learning Disability
Sleep Disorder
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100 Headache. 2015 Feb;55 Suppl 1:39-50
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(4):358-62 J Child Neurol. 2009; 24(5): 536–543 Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
Neurology 2012;79:468–473
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
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Migraine in children: psychiatric comorbidities
Anxious & Depressive symptoms
Somatic symptoms
Laurell et al. (2005)
Antilla et al. (2004)
Galli et al. (2007)
Vannatta et al. (2008)
Arruda et al. (2011) Populational
Clinical
Virtanen et al. (2004)
Arruda et al. (2015)
Mazzone et al. (2006)
Galli et al. (2007)
Vannatta et al. (2008)
Samples
Blaauw et al. (2014)
Arruda et al. (2012)
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders OR (95%CI)
TTH
Anxious Depressed
Stuttering Learning Disability
Sleep Disorder
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100 Headache. 2015 Feb;55 Suppl 1:39-50
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(4):358-62 J Child Neurol. 2009; 24(5): 536–543 Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
Neurology 2012;79:468–473
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
Somatic
?
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Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
4-18 y
Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100
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Curr Opin Neurol 2015, 28:261–264
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CBCL Somatic domain
Feels dizzy or lightheaded Overtired without good reason Physical problems without known medical cause:
• Aches or pains (not stomach or headaches) • Headaches • Nausea, feels sick • Problems with eyes (not if corrected by glasses) • Rashes or other skin problems • Stomachaches • Vomiting, throwing up
Curr Opin Neurol 2015, 28:261–264
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124 teachers 87 cities 18 states
5 national regions Target sample: 8,196
Final sample: 6,841 5 to 18 years-old
Urban and rural areas
National Phase
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MTA SNAP IV Headache Questionnaire
MTA SNAP IV School Performance
Questionnaire
Assessment
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Headache. 2015 Feb;55 Suppl 1:39-50
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders OR (95%CI)
ADHD
3.8 (2.5-5.9)
J Atten Disord. 2017 Jun 1 [Epub ahead of print]
Anxious Depressed
Stuttering Learning Disability
Sleep Disorder
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache
TTH
Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100 Headache. 2015 Feb;55 Suppl 1:39-50
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(4):358-62 J Child Neurol. 2009; 24(5): 536–543 Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
Neurology 2012;79:468–473 Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders OR (95%CI)
CM
7.3 (3.5-15.5)
ADHD
Anxious Depressed
Stuttering Learning Disability
Sleep Disorder
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache
TTH J Atten Disord. 2017 Jun 1 [Epub ahead of print]
Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100 Headache. 2015 Feb;55 Suppl 1:39-50
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(4):358-62 J Child Neurol. 2009; 24(5): 536–543 Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
Neurology 2012;79:468–473 Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders OR (95%CI)
CM
7.3 (3.5-15.5)
ADHD
Anxious Depressed
Stuttering Learning Disability
Sleep Disorder
Epilepsy
Migraine Headache
TTH J Atten Disord. 2017 Jun 1 [Epub ahead of print]
Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100 Headache. 2015 Feb;55 Suppl 1:39-50
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(4):358-62 J Child Neurol. 2009; 24(5): 536–543 Pediatr Neurol 2010;43:420-424
Neurology 2012;79:468–473 Epilepsia, 47(10):1674–1681, 2006
Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:1419–1423
J Headache Pain (2010) 11:235–240 J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):308-13
3.8 (2.5-5.9)
3.0 (1.4–6.8)
5.8 (3.0-11.3)
2.0 (1.3-3.0)
1.4 (1.1-1.8)
2.0 (1.04-3.9) 3.2 (1.7–6.2)
4.5 (2.7–7.2)
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The important role of clinical studies on comorbidity
Pros
Populational
Clinical
Avoiding Berkson’s bias
Strengthen findings from pop studies
Samples
Estimates of risk factors
Prevalence and incidence rates
Better monitoring of comorbidity pattern and course
Rare or uncommon disorders
Better therapeutic interventions
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Migraine Overall TTH Overall
Withdrawn ns ns
Somatic Frequency Gender, Age & Frequency
Anxious-Depressed Frequency & Race Gender & Frequency
Social Frequency Age
Thought ns Race
Attention Frequency & Income ns
Rule-breaking ns Gender
Aggressive Frequency Gender
Internalizing Frequency Gender & Frequency
Externalizing Income, Gender & Frequency Gender
Total Income & Frequency ns
Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100
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Headache. 2015 Feb;55 Suppl 1:39-50
Multivariate Analyses of Determinants of an Abnormal SDQ Total Difficulties Score Causing Impact in the Life of Children With Episodic Migraine and Episodic Tension-Type Headache
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n.s.: age, race, city density, national region where a child lives, income class, and prenatal exposure to alcohol
J Atten Disord. 2017 Jun 1 [Epub ahead of print]
Episodic Migraine p Odds Ratio
for predictors
95% C.I.
Lower Upper
Gender
male vs. female .004 2.58 1.36 4.88
Prenatal exposure
to tobacco .025 2.03 1.09 3.77
Below vs. average plus above
average school performance .000 8.10 4.11 15.99
Frequency of headache attacks
5-9 vs. 1-4
+9 vs. 1-4
.000
.000 5.27 2.47 11.22
.000 11.72 5.40 25.41
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Poor school performance
Prenatal exposure to tobacco
Nausea, photo & phonophobia
High frequency of attacks
Higher Risk
Psychiatric Comorbidity
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Vincenzo Guidetti Marcelo E. Bigal Renato Arruda