mapping workshop grips 161222
TRANSCRIPT
Concept Mappingfor Complexity Management
Lawrie HunterNational Graduate Research Institute for Policy Studies
http://[email protected]
Please don’t take notes!This powerpoint is designed to be read later,
so as Hunter speaks, please try to catch the GESTALT of each slide
... and do download the file from
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Concept Mappingfor Complexity Management
To be knowledgeable in some area is to understand the interrelationships among the important concepts in that domain.
Goldsmith, T. E., Johnson, P. J., & Acton, W. H. (1991). Assessing structural knowledge. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(1), 88–96.
The student and complexity
The PhD experience:
extensive detailed knowledge
and high cognitive load
Why is writing so hard?
Why is writing so hard?Writing is linear, like speech.
Information is not linear.
Example of complexity workAbstract The internationalisation of currencies is a topic that has received substantial attention following the recent inclusion of the currency X in the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights. Although currency internationalisation is fundamentally an outward-oriented policy goal, there is a tendency to link it exclusively to capital account liberalisation and domestic financial deregulation; this has shifted debate on the subject in a more inward-oriented direction. The present paper seeks to reconcile these two perspectives by demonstrating how currency internationalisation hinges critically on international liquidity provision. Proceeding on the assumption that international currencies, both as a matter of historical experience and macroeconomic logic, are associated with current account deficits, the argument is made here that international liquidity provision depends crucially on economic structural and international institutional conditions. This paper demonstrates how an economy’s position within the international monetary system and regional supply chains shapes its development path and mode of production, which in turn become important determinants of its currency’s international profile. Then the historical experience of the Japanese yen is applied to the case of internationalisation of currency X, and the resulting analysis suggests that internal rebalancing towards greater domestic consumption and external rebalancing towards higher imports will be required if the international role of currency X is to expand.
Example of complexity work
Example of complexity workCan you see the structure?Abstract The internationalisation of currencies is a topic that has received substantial attention following the recent inclusion of the currency X in the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights. Although currency internationalisation is fundamentally an outward-oriented policy goal, there is a tendency to link it exclusively to capital account liberalisation and domestic financial deregulation; this has shifted debate on the subject in a more inward-oriented direction. The present paper seeks to reconcile these two perspectives by demonstrating how currency internationalisation hinges critically on international liquidity provision. Proceeding on the assumption that international currencies, both as a matter of historical experience and macroeconomic logic, are associated with current account deficits, the argument is made here that international liquidity provision depends crucially on economic structural and international institutional conditions. This paper demonstrates how an economy’s position within the international monetary system and regional supply chains shapes its development path and mode of production, which in turn become important determinants of its currency’s international profile. Then the historical experience of the Japanese yen is applied to the case of internationalisation of currency X, and the resulting analysis suggests that internal rebalancing towards greater domestic consumption and external rebalancing towards higher imports will be required if the international role of currency X is to expand.
Example of complexity workBefore
Example of complexity workAfter
Joseph Novak: Concept mapping (Novakian mapping)M
ore specific
This slide courtesy of Ian Kinchin
Definition of Cmap
Read down
Visual metaphors
Definition of Cmap
Read down
Cross-platform: Win, Mac, Linux, iPad
Online platform too
Freeware (and thus clunky and inelegant)
Can make pdfs, web pages, images
Huge user group
Big cross discipline biennial conference http://cmc.ihmc.us/
Default Novakian tool: CmapsDefault software: Cmap Tools
Demo: using Cmap tools
Why do concept mapping?
1 Text analysis2 Text summarization3 Text planning
Today’s task: mapping a text
Mapping: analyze a confusing text
Traditional pest control worse than useless Mar. 27, 2008, The Daily Yomiuri The traditional method of wrapping pine trees in straw matting during winter to protect them from harmful insects is actually counterproductive, a recent study has found.
Komo-maki, or straw mat wrapping, is a traditional pest control method used to trap harmful insects in the straw wrapped around the trunk.
In early winter, straw mats are wrapped around the trunks to attract insects. During winter, the insects multiply in the warm mats, which are then removed from the trees and burned together with the insects inside in early spring.But a study led by Chikako Niiho, an associate professor of insect ecology at Hyogo University, found that 55 percent of insects caught in straw mats used to wrap pine trees at Himeji Castle in Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture, for four years, were beneficial to trees, while only 4 percent were harmful.An examination of about 350 straw mats used to wrap pine trees at the castle found between zero and six egger moth caterpillars, a tree pest, each year from 2002-04, and only 44 even in the worst year, 2005.
The team found no long-horned beetles--not itself a pest, but a carrier of pinewood nematodes, which damage trees.
Together with egger moths, pinewood nematodes are the main cause of pine wilt, a disease fatal to pine trees.On the other hand, the researchers found between 337 and 625 spiders of various species that prey on insects harmful to trees.
Also found in the mats were between 90 and 486 assassin bugs, which also prey on pests.According to researchers, egger moth caterpillars live under bark and are found in cracks in the trunk after the removal of mats, with a lot of egger moth pupae found in the same places in summer.
Nematodes also inhabit trunks, meaning the straw mat wrapping is useless as a way of getting rid of them.It is thought that the wrapping of pine trees in winter started in the Edo period (1603-1867), when it was common practice in the gardens of feudal lords.
The wrapping has been an annual event at Himeji Castle since the 1960s.But there has long been suspicion that the wrapping serves little purpose.
For this reason, while wrapping is still employed in famous places such as Miho no Matsubara (Miho Pine Grove) in Shizuoka and Okayama Korakuen garden in Okayama, the method was abandoned 20 years ago in the Outer Garden of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo and Kyoto Imperial Palace Garden in Kyoto.
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, did not employ the method this year and Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, is considering dropping it.Niiho said straw mats provide places for beneficial insects to pass the winter.
Places that want to continue the wrapping should only burn the mats after giving the beneficial insects time to get away, she advised.A spokesman for Himeji Castle Office said: "It's true we found many spiders in the mats, but as we never knew they were good for the trees we burned them anyway.
We want to figure out a better way."
Text analysis: find structure signal words
Traditional pest control worse than useless (Mar. 27, 2008, The Yomiuri Shimbun) The traditional method of wrapping pine trees in straw matting during winter to protect them from harmful insects is actually counterproductive, a recent study has found. Komo-maki, or straw mat wrapping, is a traditional pest control method used to trap harmful insects in the straw wrapped around the trunk. In early winter, straw mats are wrapped around the trunks to attract insects. During winter, the insects multiply in the warm mats, which are then removed from the trees and burned together with the insects inside in early spring.
But a study led by Chikako Niiho, an associate professor of insect ecology at Hyogo University, found that 55 percent of insects caught in straw mats used to wrap pine trees at Himeji Castle in Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture, for four years, were beneficial to trees, while only 4 percent were harmful.
An examination of about 350 straw mats used to wrap pine trees at the castle found between zero and six egger moth caterpillars, a tree pest, each year from 2002-04, and only 44 even in the worst year, 2005. The team found no long-horned beetles--not itself a pest, but a carrier of pinewood nematodes, which damage trees. Together with egger moths, pinewood nematodes are the main cause of pine wilt, a disease fatal to pine trees.
On the other hand, the researchers found between 337 and 625 spiders of various species that prey on insects harmful to trees. Also found in the mats were between 90 and 486 assassin bugs, which also prey on pests.
According to researchers, egger moth caterpillars live under bark and are found in cracks in the trunk after the removal of mats, with a lot of egger moth pupae found in the same places in summer. Nematodes also inhabit trunks, meaning the straw mat wrapping is useless as a way of getting rid of them.
It is thought that the wrapping of pine trees in winter started in the Edo period (1603-1867), when it was common practice in the gardens of feudal lords. The wrapping has been an annual event at Himeji Castle since the 1960s.
But there has long been suspicion that the wrapping serves little purpose. For this reason, while wrapping is still employed in famous places such as Miho no Matsubara (Miho Pine Grove) in Shizuoka and Okayama Korakuen garden in Okayama, the method was abandoned 20 years ago in the Outer Garden of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo and Kyoto Imperial Palace Garden in Kyoto. Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, did not employ the method this year and Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, is considering dropping it.
Niiho said straw mats provide places for beneficial insects to pass the winter. Places that want to continue the wrapping should only burn the mats after giving the beneficial insects time to get away, she advised.
A spokesman for Himeji Castle Office said: "It's true we found many spiders in the mats, but as we never knew they were good for the trees we burned them anyway.
We want to figure out a better way."
Mapping a text: analyze
Cool hint: in Word, make each sentence a paragraph;then select all and paste into Excel: 1 sentence/cell!
insects areburned
found in the straw
is actually counterproductive
to protect them from harmful insects
only 4% harmful insects
spiders
burning themats in summer
traditional tree wrapping
method still employed in famous places
long suspected to be low value started in
the Edo period
Niihostudywrapping pine trees
in strawduring winter
insects multiplyin the mats
55% beneficialinsects
prey on harmfulinsects
each year for 4 years
examined theinsects in the mats
in the spring
Mapping a text: 1. distil – choose key concepts2. constrain (fewer than 12 nodes)
Mapping a text: 3. arrange (read down) and link4. name the link relations
That’s it!
Now it’s up to you… with help.
Please share your maps with Hunter.
lawriehunter.com
slideshare.net/rolenzo/presentations
Mapping: write from the map(use structure signals)
In Japan, a study of the Japanese study examined the efficacy of the traditional Japanese method of wrapping pine trees in straw matting during winter to protect them from harmful insects. The report of the study claims that wrapping is actually counterproductive.In a four year study, the researcher examined the insects caught in the straw mats used to wrap pine trees at one location. More than half of the insects caught were actually helpful to trees; few were harmful. However, hundreds of spiders and bugs that prey on harmful insects were found in the mats.Harmful egger moth caterpillars live under bark of the trees, and remain there when the mats are removed. Harmless beetles which carry harmful nematodes also remain after the wraps come off.The study concluded that since beneficial insects pass the winter in the mats, the insects should be allowed to escape from the mats before they are burned.
How do we arrange text?
Rhetorical Structure Theoryhttp://ww.sfu.ca/rst/
IMRADIntroductionMethodResultsAnalysisDiscussion
SPSESituationProblemSolutionEvaluation
Maptypologyby function
Novakian maptypologybylink type