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    2010 Google Maps

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    1763 T. Maaerfchalckm

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    WHAT CAN

    A MAP DO?geographic maps

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    A map, orseries ofmaps canshow changeover time

    George E. Waring Jr. - Report of the Social Statistics of Cities

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    A map, orseries ofmaps canshow changeover time

    George E. Waring Jr. - Report of the Social Statistics of Cities

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    A map, orseries ofmaps canshow changeover time

    George E. Waring Jr. - Report of the Social Statistics of Cities

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    A map canpoint outimportantfeatures in aneighborhood

    Ephemera Press

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    A map canpoint outimportantfeatures in aneighborhood

    Of course, howmuch (or inthis case howlittle) you showaffects the way

    we understandthe map.

    Some itemsof interestare included

    (ColumbiaUniversity)but others areabsent (BarnardCollege)

    From Riders New York City

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    A map canpoint outimportantfeatures in aneighborhood

    Of course,how much (orin this casehow little) you

    show affectsthe way weunderstandthe map.

    Sometimes

    the point iswhat ISNTshown.

    Layla Curtis

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    A map canpoint outimportantfeatures in aneighborhood

    Of course,how much (orin this casehow little) you

    show affectsthe way weunderstandthe map.

    Sometimes

    the point iswhat ISNTshown.

    Layla Curtis

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    Maps oftendocumentproperty

    Insurancemaps, suchas this one,have becomeimportantrecords of

    buildingsfrom differentperiods inNew Yorkshistory.

    This one isfrom 1891

    George Washington Bromley & Walter Scott Bromley

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    A map candocumentproperty

    Insurancemaps, suchas this one,have becomeimportantrecords of

    buildingsfrom differentperiods inNew Yorkshistory.

    This one isfrom 1891

    George Washington Bromley & Walter Scott Bromley

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    White

    Black

    Asian

    Hispanic

    Maps canpoint outpatterns,change or

    areas ofdifference.

    This is a mapthat showsthe racial

    density orintegrationin New YorkCity.

    Eric Fischer

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    White

    Black

    Asian

    Hispanic

    Heres Detroit.

    Note that thesemaps differ

    substantially froma geographic mapthat you mightuse to nd your

    way to a speciclocation in the

    city.

    They dosomething quitedifferent! Theyhold some data.

    Eric Fischer

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    Heresa

    differentkind of data

    collected and

    shown on a

    map.

    This is theelection

    results from

    2004 thatput

    GeorgeW.

    Bush backin

    ofce.

    Prettystark

    contrast.

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    Some maps dont

    look like mapsbut are

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    Geological Investigation of theAlluvial Valley of the Lower

    Mississippi River

    Harold N. Fisk

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    Carsten Nicolai

    James Clar

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    There are also images or

    objects that look like mapsor refer to maps

    While they may not behave likemaps, these playful creations

    add even more possibilities forthe structure one might employwhen mapping something.

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    This poem, calledManhattan, by HowardHorowitz not only usesthe shape of the island,but the places herefers to in the poemare located in the rightgeographical areas.

    Howard Horowitz

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    Howard Horowitz

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    Paula Scher

    In this painting bythe graphic designerPaula Scher, thecomplexity of the city iscommunicated througha layering of marks.

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    Rick Meyerowitz and Maira Kalman

    Maps can actually be funny. This one,created shortly after the US invasionof Afganistan reects the barrage of

    unfamiliar place names that had suddenlybecome part of our consciousness. NYC

    imagined as a series of tribal regions.

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    Saul Steinberg

    How aboutmapping an in ight

    experience?

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    Do maps need to be at?

    No!

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    Janice Caswell

    One way to showconnectionsbetween things isto use lines andnodes. This can be

    accomplished withlinear materials.

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    ?

    Louis Reith

    ?

    Consider the kinds ofmessages that are deliveredthrough your materials.

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    What kinds of data

    can a map convey?distance, direction, temperature,quantity, time, highs, lows, etc.

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    Maps can contain time.

    While this is a simple example,it still conveys a lot ofinformation.

    M i i

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    Maps can convey quantitiesMaps can convey highs andlows

    In this interesting manipulation

    of a geographic map, thenumber of various crimescommitted in San FranciscoCalifornia are expressed by theheight of the peaks.

    Doug McCune

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    Alfred Koblin

    Maps can convey paths andareas of trafc

    This graphic (from ananimation) shows ight activity

    in the United States. Whatdesign pribciples are used toconvey the information here?

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    mgmt Design

    Maps can convey multiplekinds of data

    This map, created for the NewYork Times depicts the number

    of military and civilian fatalities(1,900) in Iraq in the month ofJanuary 2007.

    How many kinds of informationdoes this graphic convey?- geographic location- number of fatalities- cause of death- military or civilian- date

    Graphics such as this canmake a compelling andemotional statement.

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    Maps are not

    neutral. They havea point of view

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    Even something asseemingly neutral as aworld map can send apowerful message.

    This is the way mapsof the world havetraditionally beenpresented

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    Even something asseemingly neutral as aworld map can send apowerful message.

    This is the way mapsof the world havetraditionally beenpresented

    Notice what is in the

    middle of the map.

    Europe was seen as the center of

    the world by these map makers.

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    The Dymaxion Map

    This map was developed by the architect Buckminster

    Fuller in 1946. There is much less distortion in this map

    than the Mercator or other map projections.

    Interestingly there is no right way up!

    Fuller linked the north-up-superior/south-down-inferior

    presentation of most other world maps to cultural bias.

    Are there waysto achieve anon-biasedmap?

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    Some mapsexist solely tohave a point

    of view

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    Terrence Koh

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    Institute of Applied Automony

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    What are some ofthe things that you

    should considerwhen observing and

    collecting informationyour own maps?

    Time Direction

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    TimeHow long were youobserving? Whattime of day were youobserving?

    Intervalsrelated to time, whatis the temporal spacebetween sounds thatyou hear? Is a soundcontstant? Every 2

    minutes?

    QuantityA sure way to collectdata is to count. Howmany times did you

    hear _______ .

    DistanceAre sounds close?Are they distant?

    DirectionWhat sounds are inyour left ear? Howabout your right?Whats coming from

    above? Below?

    Loud/QuietAnother kind ofmeasurement. Howdo you record the

    highs and lows ofthe sounds youhear? Subjectively,or with a device?

    What Elsethere are manyother possiblethings to experienceand record!

    ?

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