mapping of ground water quality using geographical information system
TRANSCRIPT
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MAPPING OF GROUND WATER QUALITY USING GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Prepared by
Amul Patwal M. Tech. First Year (133180010)
ES 680GIS for Environmental Planning and Management
Under the guidance of
Prof. A. K. DikshitCESE, IITB
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Outline of PresentationObjective Study AreaWater Quality Index (WQI) GIS ApplicationOutput
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OBJECTIVE
To study ground water quality of RAJAM area using GIS software
To create Water Quality Index (WQI).
Generate Ground Water Quality Map based on the WQI.
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STUDY AREA
India Andhra Pradesh
Srikakulam
Rajam - Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India.Located at 180 28’N & 830 40’EPopulation – 50000Rajam mandal – 31 villages.
Rajam
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Methodology for Data Interpretation
Ground water sample were collected from bore well.Samples were analyzed using standard procedures.Samples were analyzed for various parameters such as pH, total hardness, chloride, TDS, fluoride, nitrate, and total alkalinity
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Determination Of Water Quality Index (Ramakrishnaiah et al.,
2009)
WQI is computed by adopting the following formula
The relative weight (Wi ) is computed
A quality rating scale (qi) for each parameter is assigned:qi = (Ci/ Si) x 100where qi is the quality rating, Ci = concentration of each chemical parameter in each water sample in mg/L,Si = Indian drinking water standard for each chemical parameter in mg/L
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PARAMETER STANDARD WEIGHTAGE(Wi)
pH 8.5 0.026742
TURBIDITY(NTU) 5 0.045461
CHLORIDE (mg/l) 250 0.000909
TOTAL HARDNESS(mg/l as
CaCO3) 300 0.000758
TOTAL ALKALINITY(mg/l) 200 0.001137
IRON(mg/l) 0.3 0.757684
FLUORIDE(mg/l) 1.5 0.151537
NITRATE(mg/l) 45 0.005051
CALCIUM(mg/l) 75 0.003031
MAGNESIUM(mg/l) 30 0.007577
Table :Water Quality Parameter, BIS Standards, And Weightages (Kumar et al., 2010).
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Contd. …
For computing water quality index SI is first determined.
Where, SIi is the subindex of ith parameter
qi is the rating based on concentration of ith parameter
n is the number of parameters
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WATER QUALITY INDEX DESCRIPTION
0-25 Excellent
26-50 Good
51-75 Poor
76-100 Very Poor
>100 Unfit for drinking (UFD)
Table :Water Quality Index Categories (Kumar et al., 2010)
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Steps in GIS ProjectRaster Toposheet
Shapefile created in ArcCatalog
Georeferencing
Digitization of map
Attribute Data Entry
Set Layer Properties
Symbology
Analysis
Report1013/04/2023
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GEOREFERENCING
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BASE MAP
Source: Kumar et al., 2010 1213/04/2023
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RMS ERROR
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CREATING SHAPEFlLE
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Creating Shapefile in ArcCatalog
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Contd. …
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DIGITIZATION
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Digitization: Village
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Digitized Map
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ATTRIBUTE DATA ENTRY
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Insert Table
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Join Data
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Contd. …
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Label Expression (New_Shapefile Layer)
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Labelled Expression
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SYMBOLOGY & QUERY
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Quantities
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Village PH Concentration
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Village Chloride Concentration
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Village Total Hardness Concentration
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Village Nitrate Concentration
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Village Turbidity Concentration
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Village Fluoride Concentration
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Village Alkalinity Concentration
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Query Builder
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Query Builder
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Nitrate Conc. : Bar Chart
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WQI : Bar Chart
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BAR CHART
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PIE CHART
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Output for printing and publication
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REPORT
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CREATE REPORT
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CREATE REPORT
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CREATE REPORT
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Conclusion It is observed that the villages like G. Ch. Palli, Pogiri,
and V. R. Agraharam had water quality which is unfit for drinking.
It is observed that the fluoride concentration is high in the villages, Rajam, Guravam, Vommi, Syampuram, Pogiri.
Total hardness was to be high in all the villages in the Rajam Mandal.
As WQI is more than 100 for G.CH Palli, V.R. Agraharam and Pogiri, water in these villages is unfit for drinking.
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ReferencesRamakrishnaiah, C.R., C. Sadashivalah and G. Ranganna(2009). “Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State”, Indian J. Chem., 6: 523-530Kumar, K.S., Kumar, P.S., Babu, M.J.R. and Rao, C.H. (2010). “Assessment and Mapping Of Ground Water Quality Using Geographical Information Systems”. International Journal of Science and Technology. 11:6035-6046.
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