ManufacturingTechnology

ManufacturingTechnology

Learning StandardsLearning Standards4. Manufacturing Technology

Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into physical goods, involving multiple industrial processes (e.g., assembly, multiple stages of production, quality control).

4.1 Describe and explain the manufacturing systems of custom and mass production.

4.2 Explain and give examples of the impacts of interchangeable parts, components of mass-produced products, and the use of automation, e.g., robotics.

4.3 Describe a manufacturing organization, e.g., corporate structure, research and development, production, marketing, quality control, distribution.

4.4 Explain basic processes in manufacturing systems, e.g., cutting, shaping, assembling, joining, finishing, quality control, and safety.

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesStudents will be able to:

1) Define Production Process

2) Define & Explain 3 Separating Processes- Sawing / Drilling / Turning

3) Define & Explain 4 Forming Processes- Bending / Casting / Forging / Extruding

4) Define & Explain 4 Combining Processes- Mechanical Fastening / Heat Fastening / Snap Joint Fastening / Gluing

5) Define & Explain 3 Finishing Processes- Smoothing / Coating / Polishing

6) Define Manufacturing

7) Explain the difference between Custom Manufacturing & Mass Production

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives8) Explain the importance of interchangeable parts to the

Mass Production process

9) Explain the importance of robots to the Mass Production process

10) Describe & explain the organization of a manufacturing organization

Production ProcessesProduction ProcessesSteps taken to change raw materials so that they can be made into products

Process

Raw Material

Product

SeparatingSeparatingA process that removes pieces of material to make it the size & shape you want

Cutting the object to make it the size you want

Sawing:

SeparatingSeparatingMakes a hole in the material

Drilling:

SeparatingSeparatingSpinning a piece of metal or wood on a machine and using a sharpened tool to shape it

Turning:

FormingFormingA process that changes the shape of the material - No material is added or taken away

Material is shaped by forcing part of it into a different position

Bending:

FormingFormingLiquid material is poured into a mold, it takes on the shape of the mold as it hardens

Casting:

FormingFormingShaping metal by heating it and then hammering it into the shape you want

Forging:

FormingFormingSoftened material is squeezed through a small opening. The material hardens and retains the shape of the opening

Extruding:

CombiningCombiningA process that joins materials together to make finished product

Using small piece of metal or plastic to hold parts together (Nails, screws, staples, nuts & bolts, rivets, velcro, etc.)

Mechanical Fastening:

CombiningCombiningHeating materials so that they soften & flow into each other(Welding & Soldering)

Heat Fastening:

CombiningCombiningHolds things together without a separate fastener (CD Case)

Snap Joint Fastening:

CombiningCombiningUsing an adhesive to stick one part to anotherGluing:

FinishingFinishingA process that improves a product’s appearance and/or its performance

To make flatSmoothing:

FinishingFinishingUsing paints, clear finishes or plastic tocover & protect the material

Coatings:

FinishingFinishingMakes the material glossy (or shiny)

Polishing:

ManufacturingManufacturingof converting raw materials

The processinto physical products

Raw Materia

l

Product

Process

Comparison of Custom Manufacturing & Mass Production

Comparison of Custom Manufacturing & Mass Production

Custom Manufacturing Mass Production

Usually made in limited numbers

Same item produced many times

Made exactly as the person it is being made for wants it

Not made exactly how a person wants it

Made from start to finish by same worker (or small group of workers)

Workers only work on one part of the product

Worker(s) is/are usually a skilled craftsmen

Product is often machine made

Products can be produced using Custom Manufacturing or Mass Production

ManufacturingManufacturing

Custom Manufacturing: Advantages & Disadvantages

Custom Manufacturing: Advantages & Disadvantages

Custom ManufacturingAdvantages

Custom ManufacturingDisadvantages

You can get the product exactly how you want it

Usually has a higher cost

Product is unique – no one has exactly the same one

Product takes longer to make

Product is not easily replaceable

Mass Production: Advantages & DisadvantagesMass Production: Advantages & Disadvantages

Mass ProductionAdvantages

Mass ProductionDisadvantages

Product can be made quickly Will not be made exactly how you want it

Product can be made at a lower cost

Product will not be unique

Mass ProductionMass ProductionOne of the first products to be mass produced was… the Automobile

Ford Model T (1908)

Henry Ford’s 4 Main Principlesof Mass Production

Henry Ford’s 4 Main Principlesof Mass Production

1) Reduction of Wasted Effort:Henry Ford’s goal was to have his cars produced by workers without wasting time & effort

2) Interchangeable Parts:Ford’s idea was to reduce cost by making the individual pieces of the car the same every time

3) Continuous Flow:Car was constantly moving through assembly stations while the workers stayed in one place

4) Division of Labor:

Workers were specialized & focused on one task when building car

Henry Ford’s 4 Main Principles

of Mass Production

Henry Ford’s 4 Main Principles

of Mass Production InterchangeableParts

ContinuousFlow

Division ofLabor

Reduction ofWasted Effort

More cars were produced

Assembly LineAssembly Line

Assembly LineAssembly Line

Assembly LineAssembly Line

Assembly LineAssembly Line

Assembly LineAssembly Line

Manufacturing OrganizationsManufacturing Organizations

In many companies the overall process is led by the CEO (Chief Executive Officer)

Groups of people (departments) are responsible for different parts of the manufacturing process

The CEO works with other leaders in the company to make sure that quality products are made and sold

Manufacturing OrganizationDepartments

Manufacturing OrganizationDepartments

Marketing:Helps determine what types of products should be made & sold

Makes sure company understands wants & needs of customer

Research & Development:

Researches & develops plan to make product after consulting with Marketing

Meets with other organization leaders to get plan approved

Production:

Makes product after idea has been approved

Quality Control:

Makes sure the product meets appropriate standards when being made

Makes sure workers are safe when making product

Safety:

Manufacturing OrganizationDepartments

Sales:

Sells the product

Distribution:Transports the product to where it can be bought

Manufacturing OrganizationDepartments

RobotsRobots

Take their instructions from a computer that has been programmed by a human

Can be programmed to do different tasks

Do jobs that are dangerous, boring or unpleasant for people

RobotsRobotsEven though they are expensive manufacturing companies have found robots to be very useful