manuale superampelo - en draft

SUPERAMPELO

Software for ampelometric and ampelographic descriptions in vitis

Manual for customer

TOOLS FOR THE AGRICULTURE

Guide for use of SuperAmpelo

Monastero dei SS. Pietro e Paolo Loc. Giardino della Risurrezione • 28887 Germagno (VB) Italy

Tel. +39-0323866832 • Fax +39-0323866832 E-mail: [email protected]

To the realization of this software they have collaborated to various title it the following institutes of search:

CNR - Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Unità di Grugliasco (TO) Italy Georgian Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking (Georgia) Research Center, Istituto Agrario (IASMA), via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele (TN) Italy University of Milano, Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, via Celoria, Milano (MI) Italy

NB.: The names of the grapevines, the measures and the images that appear in this manual do not have value scientific, but only exemplifying.

Summary

Introduction 3 Requirement for installation 3 Installation 4 Configuration 4

Structure of menus 9 Data acquisition 10 Measurement of the leaves of another

variety 10 Go on with the leaves measurement 11 Change the type of source 11 Measurement of the bunches of another

variety 11 Go on with the measurement of the

bunches 11 Measurement of the berries of another


berries 11 Measurement of the seeds of the another


seeds 12 Selected source Twain 12 Exit 12

Change data 12 Correct points’ coordinates of a leaf 13 Correct measurement of the teeth 14 Correct visual codes 16 Reorders progression leaves 17

Data analysis 18 Ampelometry of every leaf 18 Ampelometry of the leaves’ series 19 Similarity analysis 20

Bunches 26 Berries 26 Seeds 26

Export data 27 Points’ coordinates of every leaf 27 Values calculated of every leaf 28 Average of the values calculated on the

series 28 Standard leaf Image 29 Bunches measures 29 Berries measures 29 Seeds measures 29

Show the archives 29 Leaves’ coordinates – all the leaves of a

cycle of reading 29 Single leaves – all the leaves of a cycle

of reading 31 Leaves average – summary of a cycle of

reading 32 Data for register the national catalogue 33 Similarity analysis the leaves of a cycle

of reading 33 Compare variety 34 Search variety with similar shape of leaf 36 Similarity analysis the group of varieties 39 Retrospective calculations 39 Bunches – summary and single values of

a cycle of reading 41 Berries – summary and single values of a

cycle of reading 42 Seeds – summary and single values of a

cycle of reading 42 Change data archive 43

Correct points’ coordinates of a leaf 43 Correct measurement of the teeth 45 Correct visual codes 47

Utility archive 48 Backup 48 Restore 49 Associate archives 49 Reorganize of n° analysis leaves 50 Reorganize of n° analysis bunches 50 Reorganize of n° analysis berries 51 Reorganize of n° analysis seeds 51 Delete variety data 51 Rename variety 52 Associate variety data 52 Export data variety for other Institute 52 Import data variety from other Institute 53

Measurement instruments 54 Distance among two points 54 Perimeter of the polygon 55 Angle 57 Circumference described through three

points 58 Clean image 60

Option 60 Configuration 60 Document 60 Release SuperAmpelo 60 Update database structure 61 Information about 61

Measurement of the leaves 62 Start of the software 63 Start guided 63 Normal start 65

Image from scanner 65 Measurement of a leaf 66

Measurement of a new leaf 71 Measurement of the leaves of a new

variety 72 Camera 72 Measurement of a leaf 72 Measurement of a new leaf 74 Measurement of the leaves of a new

variety 74 Graphical tablet 75 Measurement of a new leaf 76 Measurement of the leaves of a new

variety 77 Measurement of the bunches 78

Measurement of a bunch 78 Measurement of the new bunch 80 Measurement of the bunches of a new

variety 80 Measurement of the berries 82

Measurement of the berries 82 Measurement of the new berries 84 Measurement of the berries of new

variety 84 Measurement of the seeds 85

Measurement of the seeds 85 Measurement of the new seeds 87 Measurement of the seeds of a new

variety 87 Tips for measuring leaf 88 Appendix 91

Tables of recording data 91 List calculate values 91 List ampelographics codes compiled

(OIV and GenRes081) 93 Drawings 94

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Introduction

The structure of SuperAmpelo software.

uperAmpelo it is a software planned in order to facilitate the work of institutes of research that are dedicated to studying and to catalogation of grapevine. It is a software developed in Microsoft Visual Studio.NET totally compatible with Microsoft Access 2000.

Besides the measurement of leaves, with the automatic compilation of all biometric codes OIV and GenRes081 and Wizard of those visual, it allows the measurement of grape, berry and seed. The acquisition of data can happen through coming images from scanner, camera digital or other Twain source, or by means of graphical tablet.

The software allows also to save in files graphical the profile standard of leaf.

All data are saved in Microsoft Access files, having allowed therefore ulterior reworks with Microsoft Office without risks of loss of information. Every table

contains a description that of it explains the content and the function. It is only recommended not to modify the structure of tables.

Requirement for installation

In order to install and to execute SuperAmpelo the computer must have following requirement:

microprocessor Pentium ™ 800 Mhz or higher monitor to colors with graphical card sVGA:

for the corrected visualization of the images is advised a definition of 65.536 colors

for a good visualization of the shielded ones and in order to use the software of reading of the leaves a definition is advised of 1024 x 768 pixel

512 Mb of memory (RAM) or higher hard disk equipped at least 75 Mb of free space in which installing the

software and ulterior 70 Mb in order to install the platform necessary Framework .NET 1.1 for the execution of all software .NET

player Cd a tablet for the reading of the leaves and/or a scanner system Windows Me, NT, 2000 Professional, Xp, Vista Microsoft Excel in order to export the data in this format (version 9.0 or

advanced)

S


4

In following chapters them of this manual it will are illustrated the operation of software with various windows.

The customer is guided uses in it of software also from the successive activation of various members of windows and from drop-down control with predetermined values, the aim to avoid possible errors of typing in.

Installation

Before installing SuperAmpelo sure it is already installed Framework .NET 1.1, otherwise proceed with its installation from CD (directory dotNetFramework) or from the website of Microsoft.

Run Setup.exe and then follow the installation software.

Configuration

Once installed the software SuperAmpelo be configured by accessing the configuration window from the menu Options. The window has four tabs that collect the different parameters to set up.

Fig. 0.1 – Configuration: General settings

Before, called Options, you can set the menu language. Currently available languages are Italian and English. To change the language it is necessary to select that wished from the drop-down control Language. In order to render the setting operating it is necessary to start again the software. From this tab you can choose whether to use of the guided start or not. This option guided the operator in stage of start of software making to choose the object to measure, the type of source to use and making to insert the data identification of variety to measure. Draft of an sequence obliged that can turn out annoying, but can be useful to become familiar with operating logic of the software. Disabling this option is approached directly of software menu. Also from this tab, you can choose whether to insert in the images of profile standards of leaf that export the name and the code of represented variety. These identification data appear in the image file exported, but not in images shows, as these information is already present in various windows of software. You can also to choose whether to insert after the print a page of legend with the


5

schematic drawings us of leaf to illustrate the parameters measured. It will appear an pattern for the distances and one for the angles with the indication of the symbols used. Using the push-button Setup page you can change the page margins and the default printer.

The second tab regards the configuration of graphical tablet. The software can work with graphical tablets is connected to serial port COM, than USB. Must therefore first select the type of port where the device is connected.

Fig. 0.2 – Configuration: Port COM

To configuration a tablet connected to port COM must select the voice Port COM. The software searches present ports COM on your computer (from the 1 to 9) and indicates in a control recapitulation those which in that moment is connected the peripheral. Once that the tablet has been connected and switched on, and you selected the port number to which it is connected, pressing the push-button Test tablet can be verified some the correct operation selecting of the points with the pointer of tablet. Below the test push-button displays a field in which they show the coordinates of selected points. If the tablet responds correctly, pressing the push-button Records tablet port is recorded the port.

In event in which, although the tablet is connected properly, and being indicated the exact port, it does not respond, you can try to configuration the port from operating system in this way:

Baud rate 9600 Parity None Bit 7 Stop bit 2

To configuration a tablet connected to a port should select the voice Port USB and to press the push-button Config. tablet USB. At this point should indicate the size of the sensitive area of tablet and the maximum ordinate and abscissa may be given from tablet (ie the number of pixels available for the X and Y). To know the size of sensitive area of tablet should consult your instructions manual. To find the


6

maximum ordinate and abscissa can press the push-button Tablet test and be carried with the pointer on the ends of tablet and be read of the values read on the field that appears below the same push-button.

Fig. 0.3 – Configuration: Port USB

Where carrying the pointer on the tablet does not appear any value (would have to appear the coordinates of the selected point) verify that the connection cable is inserted and that the tablet does not require an external power supply that in this moment is off. In case no reply yet to contact the software producer. Once you have entered this information press the push-button Record tablet port. Remember that the size of the sensitive area given expressed in millimetre. This information is needed to software to obtain the real size of leaf, but do not affect the operation of the same one. At this point the software is ready to use the tablet. It is recommended that you experiment to verify the exact correspondence of the measures.

The third tab regards the heading of the documents that will be included in the prints and in the file of different formats of the exported data. There are two lines where you can insert the heading of institute or entity is using the software. When configuring the values will be: Riga 1 and Riga 2. Pressing the push-button Change heading, become operational fields for data entry. Enter the values desired in fields. Ie.: Istituto Agrario il melo verde. Sezione operativa di viticoltura. At this point the push-button will have changed text and will go pressed to record the new data.


7

Fig. 0.4 – Configuration: Heading

The heading data can be changed at any time by returning the configuration windows.

The fourth tab regards the set for execution of backup data.

Fig. 0.5 – Configuration: Backup

You can enable the automatic backup that executes to the first start of the software of every month a copy of the data file. These are contained in the file Ampelometria.mdb. The backups will automatically receive an name indicating the year and the month in which they were executed (ex. Backup-2007-3). The second parameter concerns the directory or folder where the backups will run. You can to write directly the path or to press on the push-button Browse to select the desired directory.

Attention

If you wish to directly approach the data via MS Access to execute of query is advised to make it by means of other file MS Access linked to that containing the data. This is to avoid to change involuntarily the structure of the tables or to lose the query when you do a restoration the file Ampelometria.mdb.

The last tab on some graphics settings of standard profiles of the leaves. To facilitate the identification of different overlapping leaves you can choose colors to


8

use. Al moment of the installation the succession of default of the colors is given from the alphabetical succession of the colors available in Framework. This sequence therefore shows no color criteria, then you should check and set the colors that differ markedly between them.

Fig. 0.6 – Configuration: Profiles leaves

To do this, select the control that presents a list of the colors of the different profiles to change. Then choose the color to use for the selected profile from the drop-down control Colors available. Once selected the color will update the list of profiles with their respective colors.

You can also change the font and its size used for captions of profiles (usually the name of the grape). The default font is Arial Normal 12. To change font, style or size, press the push-button Change font. The software has a dialog window the list of fonts available on your PC, with their styles and sizes. After selecting the desired setting, press the Ok push-button.

Because this information to take effect you must restart the software, because they are taken when the software is loaded.

S T R U C T U R E O F M E N U S

Structure of menus

We analyze the structure of menus

The main window of SuperAmpelo supplies the operator with various information.

The state bar, by means of an icon, indicates the object of the analysis, that is if the software has been opened in order to measure leaves, bunches, berries or seeds. Near this icon we can see messages that inform of the state of activity of the software. In the reported example we are informed that the software is ready to begin the measurement of the leaves of “Fantasia”, and that 0 leaves have already been measured.

The indication of the number of objects already measured, a box informs of the resolution in DPI of the loaded image, and in the following the coordinates of the selected points are indicated each time.

Fig. 1.1 – Main window

Under of the push-button bar there is the name of the grapevine on which it is being worked, followed by the progressive number of the plant of the parcel from which it has the leaf been taken. An icon placed beside the push-button for the beginning of the selection of the points informs of the type of selected source. In the reported example we hare chosen to work on images obtained from a scanner. When an image is loaded the name of the file is shows near that one of the variety on which it is being worked.

The push-button bar collects a series of functions regarding the images. A push-button allows the loading of the files (New image), other two allow the spin of the image, while the last three of it allow the enlargement and the reduction.


10

Through drop-down menus it is possible to reach all the functions of the software, both for the acquisition of the measures and for their recording. Now in succession we will analyze these functions one by one, while in the following chapters we will show the measurement of the leaves, the bunches, the berries and the seeds in practice.

Data acquisition

This menu presents all the controls who regard the acquisition of the data. At the same time it is possible to manage a cycle of measurements of every object, that is of the leaves, the bunches, the berries and seeds. These can also regard different grapevines among the data of identification of the grapevine of every cycle of measurement as are kept separate.

The controls of this menu allow to pass from a cycle of measurements to the other, as well to open some new ones. But also to change the type of source used for the acquisition of the data.

Measurement of the leaves of another variety This control allows the beginning of a new cycle of measurements. The SuperAmpelo software save all the acquired information (point coordinates, measures, codes OIV, etc) in temporary tables. The data are added in them for the whole period of a cycle of measurements. A cycle of measurements is open till a new cycle begins. Going out of the SuperAmpelo software does not involve the loss of data or the necessity to close the cycle of measurements begun.

When a new cycle of measurements is begun the software asks the operator if he wishes to add the acquired data to the archives, that is if he wants to keep in the archives all the information collected in the temporary tables during the cycle of measurements. Beginning in fact a new cycle the temporary tables are annulled to prepare them the insertion of the new data.

It is therefore opened a window for the insertion of the data of identification of the grapevine. If some leaves have been measured and saved it is possible to find again the name of grapevine in the drop-down control Name. It is however possible to insert names and different codes of identification.

Fig. 1.2 – Window insertion of data identification of the grapevine

Besides the name and code of identification of the grapevine it must be indicated the progressive number of the plant of the parcel from which the leaves have been taken. This will allow to calculate the averages of the single plants pointing out possible anomalies due to different sanitary condition, problems nutrition or


11

possible problems in phase of multiplication. For this it is suggested to take the material from a single plant.

These fields cannot be left empty, for which, before passing from a field to the other, the software controls the inserted data and in case asks again the insertion.

Once these data have been supplied the software gets ready for the acquisition of the coordinates of the points waiting for loading of the images, or the start of the reading by means of a tablet.

We send the detailed illustration of the procedure of acquisition of the data to the following chapter.

Go on with the leaves measurement This menu allows to resume the cycle of measurement of the leaves already begun. The data are therefore added continuing the analysis of the grapevine previously begun and suspended in order to measure some berries as an example.

Change the type of source This menu allows to change the type of source used for the acquisition of the data. In fact a cycle has been begun using images from a scanner, it can be necessary to use, as an example, images obtained with a digital camera. In order to do this it is necessary to indicate the software the different source of the images as these must be dealt differently.

Measurement of the bunches of another variety This menu begins a new cycle of measurements of the bunches. When a new cycle of measurement is begun, whatever object is concerned, the software asks the operator if he wishes to record the data of the temporary tables, in case there are present. It is therefore opened a window for the acquisition of the information of identification of the grapevine (cfr. fig. 1.2).

Go on with the measurement of the bunches This menu allows to resume the cycle of measurement of the bunches already begun. The data are therefore added continuing the analysis of the grapevine previously begun.

Measurement of the berries of another variety This menu begins a new cycle of measurements of the berries. When a new cycle of measurement is begun, whatever object is concerned, the software asks the operator if he wishes to record the data of the temporary tables, in case there are present. It is therefore opened a window for the acquisition of the information of identification of the grapevine.

Go on with the measurement of the berries This menu allows to resume the cycle of measurement of the berries already begun. The data are therefore added continuing the analysis of the grapevine previously begun.


12

Measurement of the seeds of the another variety This menu begins a new cycle of measurements of the seeds. When a new cycle of measurement is begun, whatever object is concerned, the software asks the operator if he wishes to record the present data in the temporary tables, in case there are present. It is therefore opened a window for the acquisition of the information of identification of the grapevine.

Go on with the measurement of the seeds This menu allows to resume the cycle of measurement of the seeds already begun. The data are therefore added continuing the analysis of the grapevine previously begun.

Selected source Twain This menu allows to select among the various Twain sources available on the system that of the scanner, if it is desired to directly acquire the images from this peripheral one instead of loading the image file.

Fig. 1.3 – Sources twain

Exit This menu allows to go out of the SuperAmpelo software. We remember that going out of the software does not involve the loss of the data of the temporary tables, therefore it is not necessary to close the cycles of measurement begun.

Change data

From this menu it is possible to operate same corrections on the already acquired data. In particular it is possible to return to correct the coordinates of one or more points of the leaves. But this operation demands the maximum attention because et the end of the acquisition of the new co-ordinate all the ampelography codes and the biometric measures are calculated. A mistake in this phase compromises all the values of that leaf.

It is also possible to correct or to complete the ampelography codes of visual type of a leaf already read, even if previously in phase of reading it was chosen not to insert them.


13

These operations of correction are possible only on the leaves in phase of analysis, that are in the temporary tables. Once archived it is possible to correct or to complete only the visual codes1.

Correct points’ coordinates of a leaf Selecting this control the software presents a window with the list of the files image of the leaves already read so that the operator shows which he must be corrected. The window presents a drop-down control with the progressive number of the leaf and the name of the file-image used for the reading of the points.

It is not possible to correct the leaves acquired by means a tablet as they cannot be placed exactly in the same position. These therefore will not appear in the list.

Selecting the leaf to correct the software asks you to load the file image by opening the form files. The image is loaded with zoom settings used when the selection of points. This profile is drawn indicating the individual points of the leaf with their name in order to allow the operator to quickly identify anomalies and point to correct.

Fig. 1.4 – Window to correct the coordinates of points

It is possible to resize the window to make wider the control that displays the image of the profile of the leaf holding the left mouse button on the lower right corner and dragging or selecting the Zoom control.

1 They correction or the insertion of the coordinates of new points are however saved the necessary information for possible. Because this can be possible is but necessary to use like acquisition source data the images obtained with scanner or camera types them, and these will go conserved in the archives for being able to be resumed to the aim to measure the new points. This will allow in future to add new points without having to measure all again the leaves (with therefore a remarkable saving of time). For this it is advised to create the archives of the used images using like name the code of identification of grapevine and the progressive number of leaf (ex. AS1034-01.JPG). In this way he will be simpler to recover the image of a leaf. The software save in the table Points the name of the files used image, simplifying therefore the recovery of the image to use for the new calculations.


14

Under the list of file names corrected image appears pulsed Draw profile of the leaf if the image has an indexed pixel format. In this case, when you scroll the image to see details of the design of the profile may disappear. To restore it you must use the push-button Draw profile of the leaf.

Next image shows the list of points with their coordinates in order of insertion. To correct an item on this list and select it and press the Correct push-button. If you notice that the image points are correct, press the Close push-button closes the window without performing other operations.

Pressing the Correct push-button the mouse pointer takes the form of a cross to allow greater precision in selecting the correct point. Selected image point is updated to correct the design of the profile and the list of points with their coordinates.

You can correct most points by pressing the Correct push-button and repeating the selection of each item. After correction of the coordinates, press the Calculate push-button because the program runs again calculating angles, distances and codes ampelographic using the correct coordinates. If you press the Calculate push-button coordinates are correct, but are not updated codes and ampelographic ampelometrici. The Clear push-button lets you delete the image profile design of the image of the leaf.

Correct measurement of the teeth If the teeth have not been measured during the measurement cycle or if we have become aware that there has been an error, it is possible to repeat their measurement. Selecting this control a window showing the list of the image file of the leaves already read is shows because the operator may indicate which one must be corrected. The window presents a drop-down control with the progressive number of the leaf and the name of the file-image used for the reading of the points. If an image is already shows it is asked if it is that of the leaf to be corrected, otherwise it is open the window with the list of the file-image already read.

It is not possible to correct the leaves acquired by means of a tablet as they cannot be placed exactly in the same position. These therefore will not appear in the list.

Fig. 1.5 – Window selection leaf for the correction of the measurements of the teeth

After having selected the leaf to correct, and pressed the push-button OK, the software opens the window for the loading of the image (cfr. fig. 2.7). The name of the file is already indicated so as to avoid possible errors and when the image is loaded the same zoom used in the moment of the measurement is set out.


15

On the image the are two blue dotted lines that indicate the piece of leaf margin along which the teeth must be measured (these segments have a pure function to facilitate) is drawn. To the left of the image the point to select is indicated by means of a schematic drawing of a tooth (cfr. fig 1.8). In order to measure the base and height of the teeth it is necessary to select for each tooth: the first base point of the tooth, the apex and the second base point.

For the calculation of the height and the medium base of the teeth the smallest ones are not normally taken in to consideration.

Fig. 1.6 – Correction measurement teeth

The measurement begins on the right side of the leaf. When a point is selected on the left side the software realizes that the measurement of the teeth of the right side of the leaf has been finished and informs that the teeth of the left side are beginning be measured.

In order to conclude the measurement it is enough to select again a point on the right side of the leaf. The software thus counts the teeth measured on both sides and calculates the is height and base.

Pressing the right push-button of the mouse the last selection made can be cancelled and then repeated.


16

Correct visual codes While codes OIV and GenRes081 of biometric type are calculated every time that the coordinates of a point are modified, those of visual type need an intervention of the operator.

Selecting this menu it is show a window with a drop-down control for every code OIV and GenRes081 from which it is possible to select the correct value.

Fig. 1.7 – Window correction codes ampelography of visual type

In order to move from a leaf to the other, indicated from the progression number that appears between the movement push-buttons, it is necessary to operate on the push-buttons that allow to carry themselves respective: to the first analyzed leaf, the precedence, the successive one, the last one. The regarded codes not deductible aspects from the image used for the measurement are brought back in colour different (blue dark) so as to allow the operator, if it on hand does not have a leaf for their observation, to jump them quickly.

Pressing the push-button Suggest, that code OIV067 is found that is near the drop-down control to regarding (the shape of the leaf), the software analyzes the measures of the leaf in order to determine of the shape. They are used three methods of calculation whose turned out they is shows in the following window (cfr. fig. 1.10). The necessary time for the analysis of the data depends beyond from the characteristics of the computer, from the number of present data in the table of the coordinates that is used in order to confront the data of the leaf under investigation.


17

The classification with mixed shapes previews twelve possible shapes: Cordate; Wedge-shaped/Cordate; Pentagonal/Cordate; Wedge-shaped; Wedge-shaped/Pentagonal; Wedge-shaped/Circular; Pentagonal; Circular; Circular/Kidney-shaped; Kidney-shaped; Pentagonal/ Kidney-shaped; Pentagonal/Circular. The classification second the main shapes and the classification based on the archives coordinates use instead the five forms proposed from the codes OIV and GenRes081. The operator based on the indications the shape supplied from the software can indicate in the drop-down control Chosen shape that thinks corrected, or to make to insert one of those suggested from the software being selected the case that the thought voice places side by side corrected.

Since classification OIV previews alone five shapes, in case selections the voice proposed from the classification to mixed forms and this does not suggest a main shape, in the case Chosen shape will not appear some value.

Fig. 1.8 – Window Shapes leaf

Once that the shape of the leaf has been chosen, if one desires, pressing on the push-button Add the coordinates of this leaf to the archives will are added the data of this leaf to the archives used from the software for the location of the shape of the leaf. It will be necessary therefore to insert only those leaves of which it is sure of the shape. In this way the software will acquire more and more information in order to characterize the shape of the leaves.

Near every code a push-button in order to show the page of the manual of corresponding ampelography is available.

Every time that is moved to us from a leaf to the other, or that the window is closed, the corrections are saved.

For to accelerate the compilation of the codes the push-button is possible to load the inserted data for the leaf precedence being pressed Data leaf previous. In this way he will be sufficient to modify those characters who differ.

Reorders progression leaves This control allows to reorder the numeration of the leaves read after the cancellation of one of these For the corrected operation of the software is not necessary to execute this control after the elimination of the data of a leaf already read.

Before the reorders, the software performs a series of checks on data consistency and in case of errors try to solve them. If you experience repeated errors in the data presented one can try to resolve the problem by running this command.


18

Data analysis

From this menu it is approached the result of the reading of the various objects. For the leaves it is possible or to approach the calculate values of the single leaves that to the average of all the leaves read till that moment. These data can be shows or printed.

Ampelometry of every leaf Selecting this control it is introduced a window that collects all the calculate data for every single leaf. Given to the amount of information the window it has been structured to folder that they collect the data in: Distances, Angles, Ratio, Codes OIV, Codes GenRes, Synthetic data, Info source. Moreover it is introduced the profile of every leaf.

sufficient to press with the mouse on the heading of the folder that is desired to show. When the folder is selected Distances, to the place of the profile of the leaf it is shows the outline of a leaf that filler the used references in order to indicate the brought back measures. Selecting instead that of the Angles it is shows the outline of a leaf that filler the names of the calculate angles.

Fig. 1.9 – Window Ampelometric analysis of single leaves

The distances or lengths are indicated through the extreme points. As an example the length of the ribbings is indicated the point to petiole and from the extremity of every ribbing (ON1, ON2 etc). The data are introduced under table form, that it can be made to slide by means of the bars of vertical and horizontal sliding. It is possible to order in increasing and decreasing way the data based on any column pressing with the mouse on the heading of the column that is desired to use like ordering criterion. With first click the column it assumes an increasing ordering, to the second a decreasing ordering.


19

The columns that bring back codes OIV and GenRes (or of visual type that biometric) they introduce for every field or the numerical value that the level of expression, in order to facilitate their reading from the operator.

Since folder the Distances and Angles bring back the values are for the left side that for that right of the leaf, the folder Synthetic data introduces more of the parameters imported the average of two sides of the leaf and an esteem of the surface2.

In order to pass from the visualization of the profile of a leaf to the other it is necessary to act on the movement push-buttons that find to the base of this the number of progression of the shows leaf appear among the movement push-buttons.

The below push-buttons to the folder allow to return to the image of the profile of the leaf after the visualization of the outlines Distances and Angles (Restores image); to show the profile of all the leaves overlapping them (Drawings to profile of

all the leaves); to save the image of the profile of the shows leaf3 ( ); to cancel the data of a leaf (Cancels the data of the leaf). The push-buttons below the profile of

the leaf allows you to enlarge ( ), make it smaller ( ) and return to the initial size

( ), and save the image displayed4 ( ).

In order to cancel all the data of a leaf (coordinates head, biometrics measures and visual codes) are necessary to select from one of folder the line (record) of the leaf to cancel and therefore to press the push-button Cancels the data of the leaf. The software before proceeding to the elimination of these, asks confirmation the operator indicating the progressive number for the leaf that has been selected for the elimination.

From the drop-down control Plant it can be chosen if to show the data of the leaves of a single plant of the parcel. Al moment of the opening of the windows is shown all (the value A of the drop-down control indicates All). Selecting an other value they will are updated the tables.

Ampelometry of the leaves’ series Selecting this control it is introduced a window that collects all the calculated medium data on the leaves read till that moment. Given to the amount of information the window it has been structured to folder that they collect the data in: Distances, Angles, Ratio, Codes OIV, Codes GenRes, Synthetic data. Moreover it is introduced the profile standard of the leaf obtained by means of the calculation of the medium coordinates.

2 This is calculated based on the selected points and therefore he will slightly turn out inferior to that real one, not being able to take in consideration the surface of the single teeth. Draft however of a good approximation.

3 If it has been made to drawing to the profile of all the overlapping leaves pressing this push-button it is saved the image of the overlapping leaves.

4 If you did draw the profile of all layered pressing this button saves the image of overlapping leaves.


20

For every biometric parameter it is introduced the medium value and the standard deviation. For codes OIV and GenRes of visual type is presented the more frequent value (mode statistics), while for those of biometric type they are calculated based on the medium values of the measures to which they make reference.

Fig. 1.10 – Window Ampelometry analysis of the leaves’ series

Like for the single leaves, in order to move itself from a folder to the other it is necessary to press with the mouse on the heading from the folder that is desired to show. When the folder is selected Distances, to the place of the profile standard of the leaf it is shows the outline of a leaf that filler the used references in order to indicate the brought back measures. Selecting instead that of the Angles it is shows the outline of a leaf that filler the names of the calculate angles.

The below push-buttons to the folder allow to return to the image of the profile standard of the leaf after the visualization of the outlines distances and angles

(Restore standard leaf); to save the image of the profile standard of the leaf ( ), enlarge ( ), make it smaller ( ) and return to the initial size ( ).

From the drop-down control Plant it can be chosen if to show the medium values of the leaves of a single plant of the parcel. Al moment of the opening of the windows is shown the averages of all (the value A of the drop-down control indicates All). Selecting an other value they will are calculated the averages of the leaves pertaining to the indicated plant.

Similarity analysis Selecting this control it is executed a deepened analysis of the acquired measures in order to evidence the presence of possible anomalous leaves for asymmetry or morphology. A window that collects a series of information analytics that the operator can consult and estimate personally, and a Report analysis that interprets them in way automatic rifle.

Types of analysis are various acts on a set of 30 variable biometric that describe the leaf. For homogeneity with the system of search of the variety with morphology of


21

the more similar leaf (cfr. the controls on the archives) use the same variable biometric, and in particular those which describe the inner structure of the leaf, and those which they describe the leaf margin.

It is calculated

Coefficient of variation medium and the single variable ones Indices of similarity of the single leaves regarding the medium leaf Indices of similarity among the single leaves Indices of asymmetry of the single leaves Relations of similarity among the single leaves Indices of similarity among the morphologic groups Relations of similarity among the morphologic groups Drawing of the profile of the various leaves Diagram of dispersion (scatterplot)

Coefficient of variation medium and the single variable ones

The coefficient of variation (= σ/µ) inside offers an indication of the amplitude of the variability of the group of leaves. The coefficient of variation medium is obtained calculating the average of the single coefficients of variation of the variable ones.

The table with the single coefficients of variation of the variable ones allows to evidence the more unstable aspects.

This parameter offers a general indication on with of the champion. A value too much elevated is index of insufficient representativeness of the single averages of the variable ones and the medium leaf in general terms. To pure indicative scope we can say that a advanced value to 15% must suspicious the operator.

An excessive wide variability can be caused from various factors; the anomalous leaf or presence more, but also an elevated instability of all the champion of leaves. The other indices can help the operator to estimate the meaning of this indication.

Indices of similarity regarding the medium leaf

The index of similarity regarding the medium leaf of every single leaf (Simµ) is obtained calculating for every variable biometric (Var) the difference from the medium value of this and dividend for the same one, so as to obtain of a value percentage. The medium value of the differences of the variable biometric of the leaf is estimated therefore.

∆µ = (ΣΝ

i=1((Vari – Varµ) / Varµ)) / Ν

This index (∆µ) represents the distance of the single leaf from the medium leaf. The distance is transformed therefore in similarity subtracting to 1 (1 = 100% => full identity) the distance index.

Simµ = 1 - ∆µ


22

Fig. 1.11 – Window Analysis similarity

Indices of asymmetry of the single leaves

The index of asymmetry of the single leaves is obtained calculating for a series of variable biometric the difference among the value of the side left of the leaf (Var’) compared to the right side (Var). This difference is uniform for the medium value

(Varµ) of variable the same one, so as to render it a percentage. The medium value of the differences of the variable biometric of leaf i is estimated therefore.

∆i = (ΣΝl=1((Var’i – Varl) / Variµ)) / Ν

The variable biometric ones considered are:

angle: α, β, γ, ω, ε, τ segment: ON2, ON3, ON4, OS, OI

They have not been ones considered the variable biometric bound to the sinus petiole and to its lobes as often overlaps are had due to the crushing of the leaf on the tablet or the scanner. The same one is worth for the lateral breasts. Of these the depth has been ones considered only, that he is stable.

Indices of similarity among the single leaves

It is constructed a matrix of similarity among the single leaves of the variety. The indices of similarity of every leaf (Simi) are under investigation obtained calculating for every variable biometric (Var) the difference among the value of leaf i (leaf in the cycle) compared to that one of every other leaf l of the champion. This difference is uniform for the medium value of the variable one, so as to obtain a


23

value percentage. The medium value of the differences of the variable biometric among the leaf and the other leaves is estimated therefore.

∆i = (ΣΝl=1((Vari – Varl) / Variµ)) / Ν

This index (∆i) represents the distance of the leaf from the other leaves of the champion. The distance is transformed therefore in similarity subtracting to 1 (1 = 100% => full identity) the distance index.

Simi = 1 - ∆i

The cycle is repeated for all the leaves, so as to obtain the indices of similarity of the leaf i compared to all the leaves of the champion. A matrix to two dimensions with the indices of similarity of every leaf is obtained thus respect the others. To this point it is calculated a similarity index total for every leaf (SimToti) making the average of the partial indices. Ordering in decreasing way the similarity indices totals of the leaves the leaf can quickly be evidenced that mainly is distanced from the others for morphology (shape). This index has demonstrated much meaningful one in order to characterize the anomalous leaves.

Relations of similarity among the leaves

On the base of the matrix of calculate similarity previously it is designed a diagram (clustering) that evidences the relations of similarity among the leaves evidencing the presence of morphologic groups.

The graph is constructed by taking into account the individual links, ie relations of similarity higher each leaf. First of all morphological groups are identified. When two leaves are called each other because A has the highest index of similarity to B and B to A, these two leaves are the seed of a morphological group (early group morphology). After identifying the seeds of groups within the sample are linked to these other leaves. To do this, locate the nearest leaf and occurs as a group member. Eg. C if the leaf appears to be closer to A means that belong to the group consisting of A and B.

After distributing all the leaves in different morphological groups proceed to connect these relationships by identifying similarities that exist between them. To do this, find the similarity ratio of lower leaves that are different groups. The leaves that make up each group took the ratio of similarity just below the threshold previously identified and which leaves to occur it is directed, and from here you find the group to which it belongs.

Indices of similarity among the morphologic groups

They are calculated the medium leaves of every morphologic group and i (morphologic group in the cycle) compared to that one of every is constructed to a new matrix of similarity among these the indices of similarity of every group (SimGi) is under investigation obtained calculating for every variable biometric (VarG) the difference among the medium value of the morphologic group other


24

characterized morphologic group l previously. This difference is uniform for the medium value of the variable one, so as to obtain a value percentage. It is estimated therefore the medium value of the differences of the variable biometric among the morphologic group i and the other groups.

∆Gi = (ΣΝl=1((VarGi – VarGl) / Variµ)) / Ν

This index (∆Gi) under investigation represents the distance of the morphologic group i from the other groups characterized inside of the leaves of the variety. The distance is transformed therefore in similarity subtracting to 1 (1 = 100% => full identity) the distance index.

SimGi = 1 - ∆Gi

The cycle is repeated for all the morphologic groups, so as to obtain the indices of similarity of the group regarding all the morphologic groups i of the champion. To this point it is calculated a similarity index total for every group (SimGToti) making the average of the partial indices. Ordering in decreasing way the similarity indices totals of the groups the group can quickly be evidenced that mainly is distanced from the others.

Relations of similarity among the morphologic groups

On the base of the matrix of calculate similarity previously it is designed a diagram (clustering) that evidences the relations of similarity among the morphologic groups. These can be much next and therefore not to evidence the presence of intra-variety polymorphism, or a lot distant.

Drawing of the profile of the various leaves

The drawing of the single overlapping and distinguished leaves from various colours allows to evidence also possible anomalies visually. Legende below the diagram allows to identify the single leaves. In black it is brought back the profile of the medium leaf.

This last support, joined the precedence, allows the operator to estimate the opportunity to under investigation correct the champion of leaves of the variety eliminating or more leaves that introduce deformations or diverge excessive from the others.

Operating on the control List profiles leaves profile it is possible to choose the single leaves of which drawing the profile. In this way it is possible to evidence better the profile of the leaves that have been indicated like anomalous. In order to make this it is necessary to only select the leaves of which us it interests the profile and to press on the push-button Update profiles.

Diagram of dispersion (scatterplot)

Using as coordinated the coefficients of similarity compared to medium leaf and compared to other leaves is designed a diagram of dispersion that allows to have a synthetic representation of the homogeneity of the champion. More nears will turn


25

out on the diagram the single leaves, forming a group of points, more the champion are homogenous.

Fig. 1.12 – Diagram of dispersion

In the event of distinguished morphologic groups two or more groupings will be had. While the dispersion of the points indicates an elevated differentiation among the leaves.

Final report

The written up final report from the software tries to interpret all these data so as to help the operator to estimate with of the champion. This report does not want to replace the discernment of the operator, but only supply a key of interpretation of all the data offers that are for this to its disposition.

Pressing on the push-button Report print it is possible to print the report equipped from the list with the variable ones used with the respective coefficients of variation; from the matrices of similarity among the single leaves with the respective diagram of the relations; from the matrix of similarity among the morphologic groups with the respective diagram of the relations; from the diagram of dispersion and the overlapping profiles of the leaves.

It is moreover possible to save the various diagrams offers pressing on the respective push-buttons.

In the event an anomalous leaf has been evidenced that alters the data of the champion, pressing on the push-button Cancel leaf can itself be chosen to eliminate it from the champion. The software asks to indicate number ID of the leaf to cancel, it eliminates therefore it and it repeats all the analysis introducing the new tables and diagrams.


26

Pressing on the push-button Set analysis profile the variable ones can be chosen to use in the analysis (cfr. fig. 1.27). It is advised to leave the formulation of default that all use them as the system automatic rifle that generates the report has been calibrated using these variable ones.

Bunches Selecting this control it is introduced a window that collects all the calculated data of the single bunches (in a table), and medium values on the bunches read till that moment. They are introduced also relative the ampelographic codes the biometric measures of the bunches.

Fig. 1.13 – Window Analysis bunches

Berries Selecting this control it is introduced a window that collects all the read data of the single ones berries (in a table), and calculated medium values on the berries till that moment. They are introduced also relative the ampelographic codes the biometric measures of the berries.

Fig. 1.14 – Window Analysis berries

Seeds Selecting this control it is introduced a window that collects all the calculated data of the single seeds (in a table), and medium values on the seeds read till that moment.


27

Fig. 1.15 – Window seeds Analysis

Export data

This menu allows to export in various formats the present data in the temporary tables of SuperAmpelo. They have been previewed formed text (ASCI and rtf) for being able to insert these information in documents of text type; formats database (XML and MS Access) and electronic sheet (MS Excel) in order to allow ulterior to a mathematical elaboration of the data or their insertion in other archives; a format of presentation (Adobe Acrobat .PDF) for their publication.

Points’ coordinates of every leaf This control allows to export the coordinates of the points of every read leaf. These are expressed in millimetre and calculated again from the software operating a standardization that of it allows the comparison. The coordinates are referenced the point to petiole, that it becomes the centre of a Cartesian plan to four quadrants, and are operated a spin that allows to have all the leaves perfectly aligned based on the axis that passes among the point to petiole (O) and the extremity of the main vein (N1).

The points are shown in insertion order.

When the type of format is chosen in which exporting the data the software opens a window for the creation of the file. In the event of file MS Access it is possible to select of an existing in which they are added the data. If in these file it is not holds the table Coordinated, this is created, otherwise the data is add in the existing table.

For the other types of formats it is not possible to add the data, and therefore if it selects file existing, this is overwrite. The software however asks confirmation before replacing the file.

In you formed database (XML and MS Access) for every point are present two columns, one for the abscissas and one for the formers.

When it is exported in format ASCI the table of the character set used is that of the present operating system on the machine. This can create of the problems (appeared of accented characters in more) on operating systems that use different character set.


28

Values calculated of every leaf This control allows to export all those values introduced in the windows of the menu Data analysis - Ampelometry of every leaf.

When the type of format is chosen in which exporting the data the software opens a window for the creation of the file. In the event of file MS Access it is possible to select of an existing in which they are added the data. If in these file the tables are not present Values, Codes OIV and Codes GenRes, these are created, otherwise the data are add in the existing tables.



In the MS Excel format the data are distributed on different sheets (Information; Distances; Angles; Ratio; Codes ampelographics5) in order to facilitate possible reworks of statistical type.

In the Formats of text, comprised pdf, the data they are collected in groups in order to facilitate of the consultation: Distances; Angles; Ratio; Codes OIV and Codes GenRes.

Average of the values calculated on the series This control allows to export all those values introduced in the windows of the menu Data analysis - Ampelometry of leaves’ series.

When the type of format is chosen in which exporting the data the software opens a window for the creation of the file. In the event of file MS Access it is possible to select of an existing in which they are added the data. If in these file the tables are not present Values, Codes OIV and Codes GenRes, these are created, otherwise the data are add in the existing tables.



5 These are expressed alone in numerical format.


29

In the MS Excel format the data are distributed on different sheets (Information; Distances; Angles; Ratio; Codes ampelographics6) in order to facilitate possible reworks of statistical type.

In the Formats of text, comprised pdf, the data they are collected in groups in order to facilitate of the consultation: Distances; Angles; Ratio; Codes OIV and Codes GenRes.

Standard leaf Image This control allows to save the image of the profile standard of the leaf obtained by means of the calculation of the medium coordinates. On the background a grill appears whose lines correspond to a distance of 10 millimetre This allow to magnify the image without to lose a reference the real dimensions of the leaf.

This image can be saved in the following formats: JPG; BMP; TIF; EMF. The advised format is EMF as be a matter itself of a metafile of vectorial diagram it allows to magnify the image without to lose in definition, besides to maintain dimensions contained.

Bunches measures This control allows to export the measures of every single bunch and the average of these, besides the biometric ampelographics codes. All the formats previewed for the leaves are available.

Berries measures This control allows to export the measures of every single one berry and the average of these, besides the biometric ampelographics codes. All the formats previewed for the leaves are available.

Seeds measures This control allows to export the measures of every single one seed and of the average of these all the formats previewed for the leaves Are available.

Show the archives

This menu allows to approach the data archives from SuperAmpelo for their consultation and export. These controls activate themselves alone if they are present data in the archives of software.

Leaves’ coordinates – all the leaves of a cycle of reading This control allows to show the coordinates of all the leaves analyzed in a cycle of measurements. The window that is opened introduces a drop-down control with the list of the grapevine analyzed and archives. The name of the grapevine is preceded from the progressive number of analysis.

6 These are expressed alone in numerical format.


30

In order to facilitate the search the names of the grapevine, inside of the drop-down control, can be organize for number of recording or name, selecting the correspondent option in box Order by.

Once that the grapevine has been selected of which they are desired to show the coordinates of the points of the leaves, the software shows the profile of the first leaf and the table with all the coordinates of the read leaves. In order to make to slide the data of the table it is necessary to act on the bars of vertical and horizontal sliding. In order to show the profile of the other leaves it is necessary to act on the movement push-buttons that are found under the image. The number shows among these is that one of progression of the leaf (that it corresponds to field ID of the table).

Fig. 1.16 – Window the Archives coordinates

Every column can be used like criterion of ordering of the data pressing with mouse on the heading of the column chosen like criterion. First click will are applied a criterion of increasing ordering, the second of decreasing type.

Every column introduces the coordinates of a point (former and abscissa) expressed in millimetre As it can be noticed from the drawing of the leaf, the origin of the aces of the Cartesian plan is placed in the point to petiole (indicated from the letter O). This inner reference the leaf allows to from each other confront the coordinates of the various measured leaves.

Through the control Plant the presentation of the coordinates of the sun can be leaked leaves captured from a plant. Once selected the number of the plant the software updates the table.

The below push-buttons the table allow to show the scheme of the leaf bringing back the name of the various points (Scheme); to save the image of the profile of the shows leaf ( ) and to restore the image of the profile of the leaf (Restores standard leaf).


31

Single leaves – all the leaves of a cycle of reading This control allows to show the measures of all the leaves analyzed in a cycle of measurements. The window that is opened introduces a drop-down control with the list of the analyzed and archiviati grapevine. The name of the grapevine is preceded from the progressive number of analysis.


Once that the software has been selected grapevine of which they are desired to show the measures shows the profile of the first leaf and the folders with the tables with the distances, angles, ratio, codes OIV, codes GenRes, synthetic data and the references the file image used in the measurement (Info source). In order to pass from a folder the other it is necessary to press with the mouse on the heading of the folder to show. When it is opened the folder Distances is introduced the scheme of a leaf with the indications of the points to which they make reference the distances. When it is opened the folder Angles is introduced the scheme of a leaf with the indication of the angles.

Fig. 1.17 – Window the Archives single leaves

In order to make to slide the data of the tables it is necessary to act on the bars of sliding vertical and horizontal. In order to show the profile of the other leaves it is necessary to act on the movement push-buttons that are found under the image. The number shows among these is that one of progression of the leaf (that it corresponds to field ID of the table).

Every column of the tables can be used like criterion of ordering of the data pressing with mouse on the heading of the column chosen like criterion. First click will are applied a criterion of increasing ordering, the second of decreasing type.

Through the control Plant the presentation of the measures of the sun can be leaked leaves captured from a plant. Once selected the number of the plant the software updates the tables.


32

The below push-buttons the table allow to show the profile of all the analyzed leaves overlapping them (Drawing to profile of all the leaves); to save all the data introduced from this window in various formats (Exports data); to save the image of the profile of the shows leaf ( ), to restore the image of the profile of the leaf (Restores image) and to print the data (Print). The push-button Change visual codes allows to correct or to complete the ampelographics codes of visual type of the leaves already archiviate. Pressing this push-button it is opened the window for the correction of the visual codes (cfr. fig. 1.9) that it already introduces the inserted data. At the close of the window they are calculated again the values medium and updated the tables of the codes OIV and GenRes.

Leaves average – summary of a cycle of reading This control allows to show the medium measures of the leaves analyzed in a cycle of measurements. The window that is opened introduces a drop-down control with the list of the analyzed and archiviati grapevine. The name of the grapevine is preceded from the progressive number of analysis.


Fig. 1.18 – Window Archives medium leaves

Once that the grapevine has been selected of which they are desired to show the measures the software it shows the profile standard of the leaf and the folders with the distances, angles, ratio, codes OIV, codes GenRes and synthetic data. Every average is accompanied from the standard deviation, in order to put in evidence the degree of variability of the value.

In order to pass from a folder the other it is necessary to press with the mouse on the heading of the folder to show. When it is opened the folder Distances is introduced the scheme of a leaf with the indications of the points to which they make reference the distances. When it is opened the folder Angles is introduced the sxheme of a leaf with the indication of the angles.


33

The number in the control is possible to calculate the medium values of the leaves captured from a single plant of the parcel selecting some Plant. Once selected the number of the plant the software updates the table.

The below push-buttons the folders allow to restore the image of the profile of the leaf after that it has been shows the image of the outline of the leaf (Restores leaf standard); to save the image of the profile standard of the leaf ( ) to save all the data introduced from this window in various formats (Exports data), to print the data (Print).

Data for register the national catalogue7 This control introduces necessary the regarding data the adult leaf for the compilation of the card of registration the national catalogue of a grapevine.

Fig. 1.19 – Data for the recording the national catalogue

After to have selected the name of the grapevine present in the archives they are introduced the parameters demands for the recording. Regarding the other cards of visualization they are used different units of measure for some ampelometrics measures. The product length x width is expressed in cm2, mind the angles is expressed in radiating. The ampelographics codes make reference the previewed levels of expression from the plan GenRes081 (2001) with the exception of codes 065 and 078, that they make reference to OIV 1983.

Similarity analysis the leaves of a cycle of reading This control allows to analyze the measures of the leaves of a variety in order to evidence the possible presence of anomalous leaves or polymorphism. The system of analysis has been introduced previously as it is the same one for the leaves in phase of measurement.

7 This function has been addition in order to second allow the recording to the national catalogue of a grapevine enforced norm in Italy.


34

We send back the explanation of the system adopted the control Analysis similarity of the menu Data analysis, introduced previously.

Fig. 1.20 – Window Analysis similarity leaves of a variety

The only difference of the window is the presence of a control for the selection of the variety to analyze, which show the list of the variety in the archives.

Compare variety This control allows to confront the medium data of the leaves of two variety in order to evidence of the similarity. Through two drop-down control are selected to confront the two variety, whose data they are show second the scheme used in the windows of ampelographic analysis previously illustrated.

In order to evidence those parameters whose interval of values of the two variety is overlapped, the name of the parameter assumes the blue colour. Precise information and analytics can be had by means of the print of the report (push-button Print report), in which for every parameter they are introduced the average, the standard deviation and the coefficient of scattering or variation. Moreover they are evidenced through colourful circles the parameters that show an overlap of values also the percentage of overlap of the two range of excursion (cfr. fig. 1.24).


35

Fig. 1.21 – Window Compare variety

The print of the report complete therefore the information show to screen in the window, where it has given to more space the distinction of the side left and right of the leaf. The drawing of the profiles overlapping standards of the two variety complete the comparison evidencing the differences long the margin’ leaf.

Fig. 1.22 – Print report comparison among variety


36

Search variety with similar shape of leaf This control allows to search the variety that have the shape (morphology) of the leaf more similar to a selected variety. The comparison is made on the present data in a table elaborating information of the archiviate leaves.

Since the necessary calculations the preparation of these data can demand some minutes (the necessary time are legacy the performances of the computer and the number of variety), the update of this table happen upon request of the operator. When it is selected this control the software asks if to update the database of used analysis. This operation is necessary only when they have been added the archives new measurements. If it not are updated the database of analysis after the insertion in the archives of the data of new variety, these would not are taken in consideration during the search of the more similar variety.

They will not are taken in consideration those variety whose medium values have been calculated on an inferior number of leaves to 4. This because the averages and the standard deviations would turn out little significant and too much variable.

There are two systems of data analysis that have converged but not identical. The masks and the type of information provided are identical.

System of overlapping intervals

The first is based on the overlap of the ranges the average ± x times the standard deviation. A more detailed presentation is available at www.pomologia.it/SuperAmpelo/Documento.aspx

Fig. 1.23 – Window Search variety of similar shape

Once selected from the list the variety of which it is desired to search the similar variety, can be set up the search criteria. This can be carried out taking in consideration singularly or three groups of variable regarding the not visual


37

ampelographics codes, the leaf margin, the inner structure (veining) of the leaf. Moreover it is possible to attribute the variable biometric of the specific weights different so as to calibrate the search.

For every variable biometry it is possible to set up a factor (specific weight of the variable) that it increases or it diminishes the incidence of variable the same one in the determination of the index of identification general. In order to show or to modify these factors of balance it is necessary to press on the push-button Set analysis profile.

Fig. 1.24 – Window Balance analysis profiles

The analysis profile is a set of settings that allow to modulate the search and the analysis of the data. It is offered to a profile standard based on a series of executed tests, whose values can however be modified from the operator. It is but possible to create a series of personalized profiles to choose of time in time.

From the window Balance analysis profiles it is possible to choose which variable biometric to use and which weight to give in the calculation of the index of similarity of every group of analysis. The specific weights can have a value comprised among 0 and 300%. The index of each parameter is adjusted according to this factor that reduces the influence or the increase. It is moreover possible to

set up the amplitude of the interval of values of the variable biometric data from µ +/- σ sliding indicator that is under the design of the Gaussian bell. The interval can be adjusted asymmetrically.

More personalized profiles can be created that than time in time can be used the aim to find the calibration of the system that offers the best ones turned out.

Regarding the analysis of the ampelographics codes can be chosen the value to attribute the next codes, that is those which have a value immediately successive precedence or to that one of the variety under investigation. In setting up this value is necessary to keep in mind that those identical ones receive an equal value to 1.

It is possible to activate and to set up a value for the Filter dimensions. In this case draft of a real filter that excludes the leaves that they introduce a variation of the


38

dimension of ON1 in comparison the variety under investigation greater the set up value. This limit of variation of dimension is expressed in percentage so as to be more flexible.

The profile comprises also the formulation of the number of variety of more similar morphology to introduce like result of the search.

Once set up these data, pressing on the push-button Search the software analyze the database and list the variety that introduce an index of similarity more elevated the threshold always Balance window profiles analysis. The control Result show in descending order the index of similarity, the name and the code of identification of the variety.

A chart shows the performance indices of similarity of varieties in the database than the reference varieties. Analyzing this trend there are two thresholds, a high similarity (indicated by an orange line on the graph) and one probable identity (indicated with a red line in graph). The purpose of these thresholds is to provide references for assessing the possible identity of varieties. The system for calculating these thresholds is still undergoing testing and is based on linear regression of the indices.

This chart can be saved using the push-button .

The Print push-button allows you to print the result list of the variety with the respective index of similarity. This list can also be exported in different formats by pressing the Export result.

Selecting the nominative of one of these listed variety are drawn profiles overlapping standards of the two varieties (varieties of reference and selected varieties) and updated a series of general information regarding the calculation of similarity: similarity index based solely codes ampelographic; index of similarity based on biometric variables on the leaf margin; index of similarity based on biometric variables concerning the internal structure of the leaf (ribs). In addition, a pie chart lets you see the impact of different groups of variables in determining the overall similarity index.

Press the Print Report push-button you can get information on individual biometric variables considered. This makes it possible to have more precise information on the points of contact and divergence between the two varieties.

System of Gaussian curves

The second method is based on normal distribution or bell curve. In this case the probability is calculated that the average value of the reference varieties belong to the variety compared and vice versa.

The window and type of results provided are similar to the previous method.


39

Similarity analysis the group of varieties This command allows to study the relationships of similarity the group of varieties selected from those present in the archive. To build the similarity matrix using the two methods of detection of varieties with leaf shape more similar. The mask is identical for both systems, which will be presented once.

Before you open the window the program asks whether to update the database with data pre-calculated. If there were no new filings or amendments can not upgrade immediately to go to the form of analysis of the similarity of a group of varieties.

Fig. 1.25 – Window Similarity analysis the group of varieties

This shows the list of varieties in the database in alphabetical order. To select the varieties you must click the mouse on the box preceding the name. After selecting the varieties to be compared by pressing the Analyze push-button starts the program to build the similarity matrix. Depending on the type of system chosen will change the method of calculation.

After submission of the similarity matrix and dendrogram constructed with its hierarchical relationships such as similarity analysis of the leaves of a variety.

Retrospective calculations This command allows you to calculate all the leaves already measured or a group of these angles and distances with reference to the selected points, how to perform mathematical operations on values ampelometrici already calculated by the software. This makes it possible to study parameters fillometric not covered by the software. To repeat a sequence of calculations on the leaves that will be measured in future can be saved in macro commands executed.


40

Fig. 1.26 – Window Retrospective calculations

The first step is to select the file MS Access that will store the results of the calculations. You can select an existing file or specify the file name to create. Should then indicate the name of the table that include the results of the calculations. If you selected an existing file will be presented the list of tables in MS Access file, otherwise it will set the table name to create. Each macro refers to a single table. If you want to store the parameters calculated in different tables need to create more macros, one for each table.

At this point you can begin to set the commands to execute. The first information request is the type of command: angle, distance, formula.

The command angle to calculate an angle defined by three points p1 opening angle, p2 vertex, p3 closing angle. When you select the entry angle is activated, the list of selected points the measurement phase of the leaves. Double-clicking with the mouse on the name of a point is an indication px replaced with the name of the item. This will speed up the write commands to run by reducing the risk of syntax errors. Below the area where the command appears in the program are given guidance on the sequence of operations required. To add a command to the macro and can be performed should be given a name parameter to be calculated. This will also be the field name will be included in the table where the results of the macro.

The command distance to calculate the distance between two points p1 beginning segment, p2 end segment. Double-clicking with the mouse on the name of a command is inserted into the name of the item. This will speed up the write commands to run by reducing the risk of syntax errors. Below the area where the command appears in the program are given guidance on the sequence of operations required. To add a command to the macro and can be performed should be given a name parameter to be calculated. This will also be the field name will be included in the table where the results of the macro.

The command formula can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division between one or more ampelometric parameters calculated SuperAmpelo or one of them. Double-clicking with the mouse on the name of a ampelometric parameter is inserted into the command line the parameter name. Other push-buttons allow you to insert symbols necessary operations and parentheses. In


41

carrying out the command to respect the hierarchy arithmetic formula. However, you can write directly the names of parameters and operations to be performed without using the push-buttons that are designed to reduce the risk of typing errors.

After writing a command that is added to the macro to run. It is not necessary to save the macro to run but if this is not saved with the closure of the mask will lose the sequence of commands.

When commands are added to the macro syntax is checked by the software and if not are given an error message.

Once you have added all the commands that you want you may want to save the macro by pressing the Save macros. I will thus be possible to rerun the series of commands on other varieties or add other commands without having to re-enter those already written.

To perform the sequence of commands, press the push-button Run Macro. The time required depends on the number of varieties involved and the number of commands to execute.

You can load a previously created and saved macros to run or to add other commands. To load a previously created macro, press the push-button Upload macros. The macro contains just the sequence of commands and directions of your MS Access to store data, so you should always indicate the file to store the results. After loading the macro to run, press the push-button Run macros.

After loading and created a macro to create a new macro, press the push-button New macros. This will empty the table with the commands to execute.

To view the results of the macro should open the file MS Access in which they were stored.

If you run multiple macro storing data in the same table will be added all the fields command macros. If you run the same macro on the same variety will update the data. If you run the same macro on different varieties will be added to the table the results relate to the new varieties without erasing the previous data.

Bunches – summary and single values of a cycle of reading This control allows to show the measures of the single bunches analyzed in a cycle of measurements, and their averages. The window that is opened introduces a drop-down control with the list of the analyzed and archiviati grapevine. The name of the grapevine is preceded from the progressive number of analysis.


42

Fig. 1.27 – Window Archives bunches

Once that the grapevine has been selected the software shows in a table the measures of the single bunches. If the table exceeds the dimensions of the control they activate the sliding bars in order to allow the operator to make to slide all the data. Beside the table they are introduced the medium values, and relative the ampelographcs codes.

Berries – summary and single values of a cycle of reading This control allows to show the analyzed measures of the single ones berries in a cycle of measurements, and their averages. The window that is opened introduces a drop-down control with the list of the analyzed and archiviati grapevine. The name of the grapevine is preceded from the progressive number of analysis.

Fig. 1.28 – Window Archives berries

Once that the grapevine has been selected the software shows in a table the measures of the single ones berries. If the table exceeds the dimensions of the control they activate the sliding bars in order to allow the operator to make to slide all the data. Beside the table they are introduced the medium values, and relative the ampelographics codes.

Seeds – summary and single values of a cycle of reading This control allows to show the analyzed measures of the single ones seeds in a cycle of measurements, and their averages. The window that is opened introduces a


43

drop-down control with the list of the analyzed and archiviati grapevine. The name of the grapevine is preceded from the progressive number of analysis.

Fig. 1.29 – Window Archives seeds

Once that the grapevine has been selected the software shows in a table the measures of the single ones seeds. If the table exceeds the dimensions of the control they activate the sliding bars in order to allow the operator to make to slide all the data.

Change data archive

This menu allows to modify or to complete data regarding already archiviate variety. These controls activate themselves alone if they are present data in the archives of software.

Correct points’ coordinates of a leaf This control allows to modify the coordinates of or more points than a measured leaf beginning from an image. For being able to complete this type of operation it is on hand necessary to have the image used for the first measurement of the leaf to correct.


44

Fig. 1.30 – Window correction coordinate points

The window that is opened introduces a drop-down control with the list of the grapevines analyzed and archiviati. The name of the grapevine is preceded from the progressive number of analysis. It is possible to order the list based on the name or the number of analysis selecting the corresponding voices in box Order by.

When a grapevine is selected is introduced in the control List leaves correctable the list of the measured leaves using an image, with the name of relative the file used image. Selecting the leaf of which it is desired to correct or to verify the coordinates of the points the software it will open the window for the opening of the file image.

Loaded the image the software drawings in red on this the profile of the leaf with the name of the points. Beside the image there is the list of the selected points with the relative ones coordinated.


45

Fig. 1.31 – Window correction coordinated points

In order to correct the coordinates of a point it is necessary to select it from the list and therefore to press on the push-button Correct. The cursor when us door on the image assumes the shape of an attended pointer in that it is selected on the image the point to correct.

Once selected the software redesigns the profile of the leaf and calculates the coordinates of the point. The operation can be repeated many times over end when the coordinates of all the wished points have been corrected. The coordinates of the point O and N1 as their modification be reflected on all cannot be correct the other points being the references used for the spin of the leaf.

Once selected the software redesigns the profile of the leaf and calculates the coordinates of the point. When they have been corrected the coordinates of the points of the correct leaf are necessary to press on the push-button Calculate in order to make to correct all the dimensions (distances, angles, ratio, etc). When the name of others is selected grapevine or the window is closed is calculated again their medium values.

Correct measurement of the teeth This control allows to measure the teeth of the comprised leaf margin among the tooth all' extremity of N2 and the tooth all' extremity of the first secondary ribbing of N2, included the main teeth, of a measured leaf beginning from an image. For being able to complete this type of operation it is on hand necessary to have the image used for the first measurement of the leaf.


46

Fig. 1.32 – Window measurement teeth archiviate leaves.

The window that is opened introduces a drop-down control with the list of the analyzed and archiviati grapevines. The name of the grapevine is preceded from the progressive number of analysis. It is possible to order the list based on the name or the number of analysis selecting the corresponding voices in box Order by.

When a grapevine is selected is introduced in the control List leaves correctable the list of the measured leaves using an image, with the name of relative the rows used image. Selecting the leaf of which the software is desired to measure the teeth it will open the window for the opening of the file image.

Loaded the image, in order to begin the measurement of the teeth it is necessary to press on the push-button Measurement. The software drawings in blueta on the image a dotted line that it indicates the feature of long margin which go selected the ends of the teeth. Moreover it is shows drawings schematic of a tooth on which it is indicated the point to select. The cursor, when us door on the image, assumes the shape of a pointer waiting for the selection of the points.

The measurement begins from the right side of the leaf. When a point is selected on the side left the software calculates the dimensions of the teeth of the right side and begins to measure those of the side left. Bringing back themselves on the right side and selecting a point the measurement of the teeth of the side is concluded left and they are some calculated the dimensions.

In order to cancel the selection of a point it is necessary to press the right push-button of the mouse.


47

Fig. 1.33 – Window measurement teeth archiviate leaves

When an other is selected grapevine or the window is closed the software updates the medium values in the archives.

Correct visual codes This control allows to modify the value of the ampelographics codes of visual type of a leaf already archiviata. If this has been measured beginning from an image of it is asked the loading so as to be able to show it.

Once selected the grapevine the list of the leaves with the relative name of the file image is loaded in the control List leaves measured from image, if there are leaves that have been measured beginning from images, and in the control Leaf the list of all the leaves of the grapevine to regardless from the type of used source.

If a leaf from the list of those measured beginning from an image is selected the software opens the window for the loading of the image and therefore it introduces the values of the already present ampelographics codes in the archives. If it must be gone to correct the codes of a leaf measured with the graphical tablet it will be necessary to select the number of the leaf to correct from the drop-down control Leaf.

Once loaded the image, using the push-buttons zoom is possible to magnify a detail.


48

Fig. 1.34 – Window correction codes of visual type

In order to move itself from a leaf the other of the same one grapevine the movement push-buttons can be used that are around the drop-down control Leaf. When it is moved to us from a leaf the other or when it is selected others grapevine are saved the values of the codes of the shows leaf.

In order to avoid the loading of the image when it is moved to us from a leaf the other with the movement push-buttons it is necessary to deselect the option Update image.

Utility archive

These menus offer a series of functions for the maintenance of the archives of the acquired data. Some regard the management of the same data (rename, delete, associate variety), others regard the management of file MS Access in which are saved the data (copy backup and restoration).

Backup This control executes a copy of the Ampelometria.mdb file that contains all the data, both archiviati and in phase of measurement. The copy is save in the folder indicated in the configuration window (cfr. Configuration of the software).

Like already explained previously illustrating the configuration window, the software can automatically execute a copy of backup every month. This control allows to execute a copy instantaneously. Since he is maintained single file of backup for every month, executing this control brings up to date the copy of backup.

If it has not been activated the option to execute a copy of backup automatically, it is advised to make of at least every two or three months.


49

Restore This control allows to restore the situation of the archives selecting file of backup. A window lists the file of backup available the whose name indicates already the month and year in which it has been executed the emergency copy.

Fig. 1.35 – Windows Restore archivie

Selecting with mouse file it is supplied the exact date of the creation of the file, that it corresponds the last update of the file in case more backup executed in the same month. Selecting the case of spulcio the backup is chosen to restore pressing the push-button Restore.

Attention

Executing a restoration forgiveness in definitive way the acquired data in the successive period the execution of the backup that it is restored. It is advised for this to activate the automatic execution of the emergency copies.

Associate archives If two or more copies than SuperAmpelo are used on PC different in order to accelerate the operations of measurement of the grapevines present in collection, with this control it is possible to re-unite the acquired data on the various stations. Not draft but of true function of synchronization, but of the addition the archives of the copy of SuperAmpelo that the control of the present data in the archives of an other copy executes.

In the execution of the fusion among the archives the software avoids to add the data that they are already present. They do not are that is created duplicate even if you execute the fusion with the archives that contain the same data. If there are measurements on identical variety, but carried out in different dates, will are asked that associate in order to create an only cycle of measurement with only an average. In case of variety with identical name, but code of different identification, will are transferred automatically as considered different variety.


50

Fig. 1.36 – Window Archive to associate

Executing this control the software asks to select the copy of the Ampelometria.mdb rows to fuse with the archives of the software in execution. This must have all the access authorization and therefore it does not have to be opened from an other customer. Finished the cycle of unification of the data, in order to update also the archives of the other copies of the software, from which the data have been acquired, it is advised to replace the Ampelometria.mdb file with that one of the copy of SuperAmpelo that has executed the operation. In this way all the copies of the software will have the same numbers of identification of the measurement cycles.

Reorganize of n° analysis leaves This control executes a series of verifications and possible corrections on the regarding data of the archives the leaves and therefore update the analysis number so as to render them progressive leaving from 1 till the last cycle of executed analysis.

In the phase of verification they are eliminated possible duplicate, that is repeated cycles many times over. They are moreover characterized possible numbers of not univocal analysis, that is more cycles than having analysis the same number. These incongruity are resolved distinguishing and numbering again the cycles based on the following criteria: if the not univocal cycles regard different variety are distinguished based on the name of the variety, if they regard the same variety but the analysis have been executed in different dates are distinguished based on the date. If the same executed variety is regarding cycles the same day and with the same number of analysis, these are associate in an only cycle calculating again some therefore the averages.

In case errors of visualization of the data of the leaves are taken place to try to execute this control.

Reorganize of n° analysis bunches This control executes a series of verifications and possible corrections on the regarding data of the archives the bunches and therefore update the analysis


51

number so as to render them progressive leaving from 1 till the last cycle of executed analysis.

In case errors of visualization of the data of the bunches are taken place to try to execute this control.

Reorganize of n° analysis berries This control executes a series of verifications and possible corrections on the regarding data of the archives the berries and therefore update the analysis number so as to render them progressive leaving from 1 till the last cycle of executed analysis.

In case errors of visualization of the data of the berries are taken place to try to execute this control.

Reorganize of n° analysis seeds This control executes a series of verifications and possible corrections on the regarding data of the archives the seeds and therefore update the analysis number so as to render them progressive leaving from 1 till the last cycle of executed analysis.

In case errors of visualization of the data of the seeds are taken place to try to execute this control.

Delete variety data This controls allows to cancel from the archives the data of a cycle of regarded measurements the leaves, the bunches, berries or the seeds of a variety. Selecting the object measured of which the data are wanted to be eliminated, he is updated the list of the grapevines archiviati.

Fig. 1.37 – Window Delete variety

The case of spulcio is selected therefore of the variety that is desired to eliminate and the push-button is pressed Delete. Once executed the commando is not more possible to recover the cancelled data if not executing the restoration of backup a precedence the elimination.


52

Rename variety This controls allows to modify the regarding data the identification of the grapevine of a cycle of measurements.

Fig. 1.38 – Windows Rename variety

Like for the elimination, selecting the measurement object it is updated the list of the grapevines present in the archives. In the moment in which it is selected a nominative case the controls for the modification of the name and the code of identification are activated. In these they go inserted the new data and therefore it goes pressed the Rename push-button.

Associate variety data This control allows to re-unite the data of two cycles of regarding distinguished measurements the same variety for having of the calculate only averages on all the leaves of the two cycles.

If one desires to associate two cycles of variety archiviate with name or different code, and that they have been discovered to be instead identical, it is before necessary to precede the modification of the name and the code of identification.

Fig. 1.39 – Windows Associate variety

In order to associate the data of two or more cycles than measurement it is necessary to select them the list and to press the push-button Associate analysis.

Export data variety for other Institute This control allows to export the data of some variety in file MS Access in order to share them with an other institute or centre of search that uses SuperAmpelo. In


53

order to allow to identify these data inside of the archives where they will are added he is put in front the identification code an acronym that identifies the institute.

Fig. 1.40 – Windows Export data variety for other Institute

It is possible to export the measurements of leaves, bunches, berries and seeds. Selecting the object they are listed the variety of which they are available data in the archives. These can be tidy based on the n° of analysis or the name of the grapevine. Pressed on the case of spulcio it precedes that them selects the variety to export. Finished the choice of the variety it is necessary to indicate the acronym that addition the identification code will are in order to allow to identify the institute that has measured to them. Ex. UNI TO for university of Torino, etc.

When it is pressed on the push-button Exports the software asks the name to give to file MS Access with the data and where to create it. If already one has created file with this procedure they can add man hand new data. In software in this case it is limited to add the selected data without to verify if these already have been exported.

Import data variety from other Institute This control allows to add to own archives the measurements made from an other institute or centre of search that uses SuperAmpelo. These will be recognizable for the presence of an acronym that identifies the institute before the code of identification of the grapevine.

After to have selected file MS Access supplied from the institute it is opened the following window from which the variety can be chosen of which it interests to us to import the data and to add them to our archives.


54

Fig. 1.41 – Import data from an institution other

To show the list of the present variety in file MS Access it is necessary first of all to select the object that interests us (that is Leaves, Bunches, Berries or Seeds). To this point the software loaded the list with the variety available that we can select pressed with the mouse on the case of spulcio that he precedes the name.

Once that they have been chosen the data to add we can press on the push-button Imports in order to execute the operation of loading of the data. In n° of analysis it will are changed based on the present data in our archives assuming sequential values the last analysis from we carried out.

Measurement instruments

These menus introduce some functions that allow to operate of the measures on the image. They are available after to only have loaded an image obtained from camera or scanner. These instruments are thought in order to allow to measure distances, angles, etc that have not been previewed from the software.

Distance among two points This function measure the distance among two points selected with the push-button left of the mouse on the image.

If the image has been obtained with a scanner, the software is quickly ready for the selection of the points. In the moment in which a point is selected with the pointer on the image, this is marked with a letter of the alphabet. The names of the points are generated automatically in alphabetical order. All the regarding indications the distance among centres are drawing in red.

When it is selected according to point is designed the segment that joins the two selected points with the indication of the distance expressed in millimetres. The result of the measures are introduced also in a control the left of the window.

With the selection of according to point the measurement function is finished for which the cursor of the mouse it returns to assume its customary aspect. In order to complete an other measure it is necessary to again select from the menu this function.


55

If the image has been obtained with a camera, before it is necessary to select the ends of a scale or an object of which the real dimensions are known, of way that the software can make the proportions necessary. Like indicated from the software, the first two points will be therefore those necessary for the acquisition of the regarding information dimensions. The third and quarter point will are instead marked and will allow the measurement of their distance.

Fig. 1.42 – Measure of the distance among two points

If other measures must be operated, end when it does not are given the order Clean image, is not more necessary to select the scale, as the software maintains in memory the acquired information.

The result and the drawing remain end when the shielded one with the control is not regenerated Clean image.

Perimeter of the polygon This function measure the perimeter of a irregular polygon with n sides whose you concern to us is selected with the push-button left of the mouse on the image.

If the image has been obtained with a scanner, the software is quickly ready for the selection of the points. In the moment in which a point is selected with the pointer on the image, this is marked with a letter of the alphabet. The names of the points are generated automatically in alphabetical order. All the regarding indications the distance among centres are designed in colour magenta.


56

In order to close the polygon and to carry out the calculation of the perimeter it is necessary to press the right push-button of the mouse. You concern to us are joined from a dotted line and the perimeter is shows in a control the left of the window.

Fig. 1.43 – Measure of the perimeter of a polygon

With the closing of the polygon the measurement function is finished for which the cursor of the mouse it returns to assume its customary aspect. In order to complete an other measure it is necessary to again select from the menu this function.

If the image has been obtained with a camera, before it is necessary to select the ends of a scale or an object of which the real dimensions are known, of way that the software can make the proportions necessary. Like indicated from the software, the first two points will be therefore those necessary for the acquisition of the regarding information dimensions. From the third party point in then they will are instead marked you concern us of the polygon of which the perimeter is wanted to be measured.



57


Angle This function measure the angle designed from three points selected with the push-button left of the mouse on the image.

If the image has been obtained with a scanner, the software is quickly ready for the selection of the points. In the moment in which a point is selected with the pointer on the image, this is marked with a letter of the alphabet. The names of the points are generated automatically in alphabetical order. All the regarding indications the distance among centres are designed in green.

The points go selected in hour sense, that is from left towards right. When the third party is selected point is designed the indication of the measure of the angle expressed in degrees, first and second ones. The result of the measures are introduced also in a control the left of the window.

With the selection of the third party point the measurement function is finished for which the cursor of the mouse it returns to assume its customary aspect. In order to complete an other measure it is necessary to again select from the menu this function.

If the image has been obtained with a camera, before it is necessary to select the ends of a scale or an object of which the real dimensions are known, of way that the software can make the proportions necessary. Like indicated from the software, the first two points will be therefore those necessary for the acquisition of the regarding information dimensions. The third party point and the successive ones will are instead marked and will allow the measurement of the angle.


58

Fig. 1.44 – Measure of an angle



Circumference described through three points This function measure the radius of the circumference that passes for three points selected with the push-button left of the mouse on the image. The coordinates (in millimetre) of the centre of the circumference are moreover dates low taking like origin of the Cartesian plan the angle the left of the image.

If the image has been obtained with a scanner, the software is quickly ready for the selection of the points. In the moment in which a point is selected with the pointer on the image, this is marked with a letter of the alphabet and a spreader. The names of the points are generated automatically in alphabetical order. All the regarding indications the circumference are designed in green.


59

Fig. 1.45 – Measure of the radius

The points go selected in hour order. When it is selected the third party point is designed the circumference and a spreader that of it indicates the centre. The indication of the measure of the radius expressed in millimetre and the coordinates of the centre are introduced in a control the left of the window.

With the selection of the third party point the measurement function is finished for which the cursor of the mouse it returns to assume its customary aspect. In order to complete an other measure it is necessary to again select from the menu this function.

If the image has been obtained with a camera, before it is necessary to select the ends of a scale or an object of which the real dimensions are known, of way that the software can make the proportions necessary. Like indicated from the software, the first two points will be therefore those necessary for the acquisition of the regarding information dimensions. The third party point and the successive ones will are instead marked and will allow the measurement of the radius of the circumference.


The result and the drawings remain end when the shielded one with the control is not regenerated Clean image.


60

Clean image This order cancels the drawings created on the image in the various carried out measurements and annuls the control that holds trace of all the carried out measurements.

Option

These menus introduce the controls for the configuration of the software and the information on the SuperAmpelo software.

Configuration This commando allows to set up or to modify the parameters of configuration of the software. We send back already to explained how much previously on the configuration procedure after the installation.

Document This control allows to show through Adobe Reader of the relative documentation the software and the ampelometrics codes. Besides a copy of the following are available manual OIV, GenRes081, IPGRI and UPOV.

Fig. 1.46 – Windows Document

Release SuperAmpelo This control starts own browser in order to connect itself the webpage http://www.pomologia.it/SuperAmpelo/Release.aspx where the last update to own version of SuperAmpelo can be downloaded free of charge.

Based on the warning of the customers we are working in order to increase the stability of the system and in order to increase the functions of analysis of the collected ampelometrics data. We advise periodically to verify the presence of new release.

When verification an error during the operation of the software is are created file ASCI of RapportoErr.txt name with some information on the cause and the point in which it has been taken place. We kindly pray to send you it by email so as to be able to improve the stability and the performances of the software.


61

If you have councils or suggestion in order to improve the software so as to render it more profit the requirements of who works in the classification and in the study of the grapevine, we try to insert them in the new versions.

In project there is then the creation of a data bank in order to use this software like instrument first identification of a grapevine. For being able to reach this goal it is necessary the collaboration to us of the centres of search that have adopted this instrument.

Update database structure This command allows you to upgrade the structure of MS Access database that stores data and other databases used by the program when changes are related to the spread of new releases.

The moment where you upgrade the program is invited to run this command in order to avoid malfunctions. This command is executed even after restoring the backup before the update program.

Information about This order introduces information on the version of the software.

Fig. 1.47 – Windows Information about

M E A S U R E M E N T O F T H E L E A V E S

Measurement of the

leaves

We now analyze the operation of the software concerning the measurement of the leaves.

uperAmpelo it previews three types of sources for the acquisition of the data the leaves: scanner, camera, graphical tablet. Moreover, through source twain it is possible to acquire directly the image from scanner. This allows a wide ductility in the management of the work. I use of coming images from

scanner or camera offers them to the analysis possibility thirds party by means of the shipment for email of the images of the leaves, or the organization of the work in independent way from the season, constituting the archives of images to analyze in successive time.

SuperAmpelo can analyze an infinite series of leaves for every grapevine, as the single readings is saved in a service table, conserving or the coordinates of the points that the calculated values, till the moment in which it is demanded the calculation of the medium values. An analysis session can be interrupted and resumption the successive day, or in successive time. When it is exited from the software, or in case of lack of energy and accidental extinction of the computer, these data do not are lost, because saved a temporary table. It is not necessary therefore to record the read leaves when of it exits from the software. This operation is from that is completing only when the session has been finished, the reading of all the demanded leaves.

The software has the permanent archives in which it save the coordinates of the points of every single leaf, archiviandoli to the term of a session of analysis of a grapevine, on confirmation of the operator. This allows an possible one uses future of all the leaves read in sight of new calculations, without to demand again the reading of all the leaves. The high number of read points, that at the moment it can seem excessive, offers wide spaces for new reworks.

Are also archiviate, for every session of analysis, the average and the standard deviation of the calculated values, besides the ampelographics codes concerning the adult leaf of visual type second the criteria OIV and GenRes081. This database, than little by little is to make up itself, can be used in order to confront the values in phase of reading with those archiviati.

S SOURCE

Image from Scanner

Image from camera

Tablet graphical


63

It is possible also to generate and to save in file graphical the profile standard of the leaf; both of every single leaf, and of the medium leaf turning out to the term of the session of analysis. On the background a grill is present that allows to have a good reference of the real dimensions (a line every 10 millimetre).

The formats available are: TIF, JPG, BMP, and EMF. Format EMF is what it introduces the best characteristics than resolution and compactness being a Meta file vectorial.

The software allows to export the following data: coordinated of the points of every single leaf read in an analysis session; calculate values (distinguished in Distances, Angles, Ratio, Codes OIV, Codes GenRes) of every single leaf; medium calculate values and standard deviation of Distances, Angles, Ratio, Codes OIV, Codes GenRes. These can be exported like file of text in format ASCI, format rtf, format pdf (Acrobat®), or like tables in format XML, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel.

Start of the software8

SuperAmpelo allows two types of start based on the set of configuration, either the direct access that open the attended software in that the operator through menus beginnings the work, or the guided start, than through a series of choices it sets up the work.

Start guided If the guided start has been activated the software it executes a series of controls in order to guide the operator in the phase of work. The tables managed from the software are opened all, in order to signal to the operator possible access problems that could hinder the operation of the software in phase of reading or recording. Therefore the software controls if they are present in the temporary tables of the data, that it indicates that they are in course of the analysis sessions. If it is opened one or more sessions than analysis, these are listed indicating their state: object; number analyzed objects; name grapevine.

8 The guided start of the software described here can be deactivated in the window Configuration. In this case it is passed the main screen one quickly.

PROFILE STANDARD LEAF

Format TIF

Format JPG

Format BMP

Format EMF

EXPORT FORMATS

Text ASCI

Text RTF

Text PDF

Tablet XML

Tablet Microsoft Access


64

Fig. 2.1 – Start, stage analysis sessions

The operator chooses the object to analyze pressing with the mouse on the corresponding push-button. If already that object is opened a concerning session, the software asks if it is desired to continue the session or to begin of a new.

Fig. 2.2 – Start, continue

If a new session of analysis is wanted to be begun, that is to work on a new grapevine, the software asks if to record the data, that is if to add to the archives of SuperAmpelo the coordinates of all the read leaves and the medium measures of the calculate values.

Fig. 2.3 – Recording data

If not the leaves were concerning open sessions, or if a new session is begun, after to have archiviato the data or to have jumped the recording, they are asked the data for identification of the grapevine on which it agrees to work. The drop-down


65

control allows to select the name of a grapevine on which already it has been worked.

Fig. 2.4 – New grapevine

After to have inserted or selected the name of the grapevine, the software searches in the data of the collection the identification code. If it does not find the field to it remains white, waiting for the insertion from the operator. It goes then indicated the number of the plant of the parcel. If it is not desired to distinguish the leaves of the various plants it will be enough to leave value 1 in the main window.

After that the grapevine has been indicated the software asks which type of source agrees to use: image from scanner, image from camera, graphical tablet.

Fig. 2.5 – Start, selection source

Normal start If the software has not been selected the guided start it opens with the window illustrated in the fig. 2.6 ready for the measurement of leaves using like source data acquired images from scanner. Through menus it will be able to be changed the type of object to measure and the type of source.

Image from scanner

If is chosen like source of the data an image generated from scanner, the software gets ready like illustrated in the fig. 2.6.

The state bar introduces some useful information: state of the software (ex. ready in order to begin a new session of analysis), the number of leaves already read, the resolution of the image, and, when one is in is made of reading, the coordinates of the read points.

The bar of the push-buttons allows to open and to act on the images. These are activated and deactivated during the various ones it is made of work.


66

Fig. 2.6 – Window acquisition from scanner

Measurement of a leaf In order to measure a leaf it is necessary to load/to open its image. In order to make this is pressed on the push-button New image.

It is thus opened the windows for the loading of the file. The following graphical formats are available: BMP, JPG, TIF, GIF.

Fig. 2.7 – Windows Open image

Al moment of the opening of the file, SuperAmpelo analyzes the file of the image in order to characterize the resolution used at the moment of the scanning, and that it will serve in order to determine the real dimensions of the leaf. It is recommended therefore not to manipulate the images with graphics programs that could alter some information. In any case the resolution in DPI, that it not only is indicated in the state bar, can be modified from the operator, if these know that the value indicated from the software is not corrected.


67

The supplied information thus are shown:

Fig. 2.8 – Information image from scanner

For the measurement the leaf must be introduced with the to petiole sinus turned towards the low. If the leaf is introduced turned upside down, been able to be rotated using the push-buttons Clockwise spin and Anticlockwise spin. The software then executes in phase of calculation a virtual spin that perfectly aligns the leaves to axis O-N1. The image can also be enlarged or reduced using the push-buttons of Zoom, holding present that with increasing of the dimension of the image, increases the resolution (as it appears from the information on the image).

Indicatively we can use at the moment of the scanning a resolution of approximately 100 DPI and more reducing to window the dimensions of the leaf to 75% obtaining a resolution than satisfactory.

Once that the image has been oriented and that has determine the proportions own requirements second, the measurement can be begun pressing the push-button Start reading points leaf.

The software guides the operator in the selection of the points by means of a schematic drawing of the leaf and the indication and description of the succession of the points.

Fig. 2.9 – Indication of the points

In order to select a point it is necessary to carry itself with the mouse, whose pointer assumes the shape of a cross (pointer), on the image and to press the push-button left of the same. The right push-button allows instead cancelling the last one selects made and therefore to repeat it. If the right push-button is pressed many times are cancelled as selections many times have pressed the push-button of the mouse. It is possible to see how many points have been cancelled observing the succession of the indications of the points to select (fig. 2.9).

The push-button Cancel reading points leaf cancels all the read points in order to resume from head the reading of this leaf.


68

To every selection of a point in the state bar appear the coordinates calculated from the software in this way: first of all it is operated a standardization of the leaf so that the point to petiole becomes the origin of the ideal Cartesian plan, therefore is operated a virtual spin so that the N1 point finds on the axis of the abscissas (practically the leaf is rotated so that the N1 point turns out perpendicular to the point to petiole). This means that every point is calculated regarding the point to petiole, for which every point to the left of it will have a negative abscissa, while every point to right will have a positive abscissa, every point that is found to of over will have a positive former, every point that is found to of under will have a negative former. It is then calculated the distance in millimetre based on resolution of the used image and zoom.

This system allows to standardize the coordinates of all the read leaves, to regardless from the directing of the image of the leaf, and being able to draw on a Cartesian plan confronting and/or overlapping various leaves.

If the dimensions of the image exceed those of the window, they appear of the bars of sliding by means to can be moved in order to characterize the point to select.

Finished the selection of the points it is shows the profile of the leaf drawing with these data so as to allow the operator to control if these are correct.

Fig. 2.10 – Verification coordinates

Like indicated in chapter previous, through this window it is possible to correct one or more points than which us it is noticed to have taken the coordinates in corrected way (refer back to that chapter it the explanation of the procedure for the


69

correction of the coordinates of one or more points). If the number of points to correct is such from renders necessary the repetition of the reading, pressing the push-button Cancel the present reading, is cancelled the data as soon as acquired and the software gets ready at the beginning of a new reading.

Pressing the push-button Continue, the software allows to the compilation of the ampelographics codes of visual type (optional) and the measurement of the teeth comprised among the tip of N2 and that of the tooth at tip of the first vein secondary of N2 (optional).

Fig. 2.11 – Ampelographics codes of visual type

During the phase of compilation of the ampelographics codes of visual type the push-button is possible to demand to the software to identify the shape of the leaf pressing Suggest. The software uses three systems different for the classification of the shape of the leaf. Two are of mathematical type and they are based on the analysis of the measures of the leaf, one is of comparative type and it is based on the coordinates of the points that constitute the profile of the leaf (cfr. fig. 1.10).

Pressing the push-buttons with the interrogative point that are found beside the fields of the various codes it is possible to consult relative manual OIV and GenRes081 the interested code.

If is being measurement the second leaf or a successive is possible to copy the data of the leaf precedence pressing the push-button Data leaf previous for to speed the


70

compilation of the visual codes. In this way it will be enough to modify the different codes.

Pressing the push-button Record are save the introduced information and is asked that it is desired to measure the teeth of the margin comprised among the tip of N2 and that for the tooth at tip of the first secondary vein of N2. If the software is chosen to complete this measurement it guides the operator in the selection of the points through the schematic drawing of a tooth.

Fig. 2.12 – Indication measurement teeth

In order to facilitate the location from the operator of the feature of leaf margin where to measure the teeth they are designed on the image two dotted lines blue from the tip of N2 to the tip of the first secondary vein of N2.

Like indicated from the message that it appears on the window, the first point of the base of the tooth is begun from the right side of the leaf selecting, therefore the apex and to finish according to point of the base. This cycle is repeated on all the teeth to measure. While these points are selected the software drawing on the image the measured teeth it numbers and them.

It is not therefore necessary to count the teeth, but enough to select the indicated points, that is base, apex and base of every tooth. If the teeth are consecutive according to point of the base of the first tooth will coincide with the first point of the base de according to tooth, if it they are not will be distinguished points. Own in order to allow the measurement of not consecutive teeth is asked the selection of the two base points.


71

Fig. 2.13 – Measurement of the teeth

When with mouse us go on the side left of the leaf and selects a point the software understands that it has been finished measuring the teeth of the right side, therefore of it save the number and the dimensions and get ready to measure the teeth of the side left, as it appears from the message to window. In order to conclude the measurement of the teeth of the left side of the leaf enough to carry themselves with the mouse on the right side and to select a point. The software will comprise thus that left has been finished the measurement of the teeth of the side, of it will saved the number and the dimensions.

Al term of the acquisition of all these data the software proceeds the calculation of the Distances, the Angles, the Ratio and the compilation of the biometric codes OIV and GenRes081.

Measurement of a new leaf In order to continue in the analysis of the leaves of the grapevine in phase of study, it is necessary to load a new image and to repeat all the described operations previously. If the leaf that must be measured belongs to an other plant of the parcel it be modified the number of the plant that is found places side by side to the name of the variety under the bar of the push-buttons. Therefore can be opened a new image with the push-button New image and to begin the reading of the points pressing the push-button Start reading points leaf.

If the type of data source must be changed, passing as an example to acquired images with a camera, before opening the new image is necessary to select from the drop-down menu Acquisition data – Change the type of source - Image from camera.


72

In this way the software gets ready for the calculation of the real dimensions of the leaves in different way from that one used for the acquired images with a scanner.

Measurement of the leaves of a new variety In order to begin a new session of analysis on an other grapevine it is necessary to select from the drop-down menu Acquisition data - Measurement of the leaves of another variety - Image from scanner. In this way it is also possible to change the type of source to use for the acquisition of the data.

Before the insertion of the of identification data of the new grapevine, the software asks if it is desired to record the read data previously. It is advised to record always all the acquired data so as to be able to use again them.

After the have been inserted the data of grapevine (the name, code of identification and costumer) the software attends that it is loaded the image with the new leaf.

Camera

If we choose as source an image generated from a camera is necessary to proceed in this way. Apparently the procedure is similar to that for coming images from scanner, but the software operates in different way in the phase of calculation, therefore it is recommended not to confuse the acquired images with the various instruments.

Fig. 2.14 – Window acquisition from camera

Measurement of a leaf In order to measure of a leaf it is necessary to load/to open its image. In order to make this is pressed on the push-button New image.

It is thus opened the window for the loading of the file. The following graphical formats are available: BMP, JPG, TIF, GIF (cfr. fig. 2.7).


73

It is advised to use a background that contrasts with the leaf in order to facilitate the operation of selection of the points. A background of colour gray could render the pointer little visible. In this case a pointer to cross can be selected from the Panel of control of the operating system that turns out more visible (ex. of greater thickness).

For the analysis the leaf must be introduced with the to petiole sinus turned towards the low. If the leaf is introduced turned upside down, been able to be rotated using the push-buttons Clockwise spin and Anticlockwise Spin. The image can also be enlarged or reduced using the push-buttons of Zoom, holding present that with increasing of the dimension of the image, increases the resolution (as it appears from the information on the image).

Once that the image has been oriented and that has determine the proportions own requirements second, the measurement can be begun pressing the push-button Star reading points leaf.

The first points to select will be those of the scale, or an object represented in the image of which the real dimensions are known. This will serve to the software for the calculation of the proportions and therefore of the resolution with which it can be worked.

Fig. 2.15 – Gauging scale

The software guides the operator in the selection of the points by means of a schematic drawing of the leaf and the indication and description of the succession of the points (cfr. fig. 2.9).

In order to select a point it is necessary to carry itself with the mouse, whose pointer assumes the shape of a cross (pointer), on the image and to press the push-button left of the same. The right push-button allows to cancel the last one selects made and therefore to repeat it. If the right push-button is pressed many times are cancelled as selections many times press the push-button of the mouse. It is possible to see how many points have been cancelled observing the succession of the indications of the points to select (fig. 2.9).

The push-button Cancel reading points leaf cancels all the read points in order to resume from head the reading of this leaf.

To every selection of a point in the state bar appear the coordinates calculated from the software in this way: first of all it is operated a standardization of the leaf so that the point to petiole becomes the origin of the ideal Cartesian plan, therefore is operated a virtual spin so that the N1 point finds on the axis of the abscissas (practically the leaf is rotated so that the N1 point turns out perpendicular to the point to petiole). This means that every point is calculated regarding the point to


74

petiole, for which every point to the left of it will have a negative abscissa, while every point to right will have a positive abscissa, every point that is found to of over will have a positive former, every point that is found to of under will have a negative former. It is then calculated the distance in millimetre based on resolution of the used image and zoom.



Finished the selection of the points it is shows the profile of the leaf designed with these data so as to allow the operator to control if these are correct (fig. 2.10).

Like indicated in chapter previous, through this window it is possible to correct one or more points than which us it is noticed to have taken the coordinates in corrected way (refer back to that chapter it the explanation of the procedure for the correction of the coordinates of one or more points).

Pressing the push-button Continue, the software allows the compilation of the ampelographics codes of visual type (optional) and the measurement of the teeth comprised among the tip of N2 and that of the tooth at tip of the first secondary vein of N2 (optional).

Al term of the acquisition of all these data the software proceeds the calculation of the Distances, the Angles, the Ratio and the compilation of the biometrics codes OIV and GenRes.

Measurement of a new leaf In order to continue in the analysis of the leaves of the grapevine in phase of study, it is necessary to load a new image and to repeat all the described operations previously. If the leaf that must be measured belongs to an other plant of the parcel it be modified the number of the plant that is found places side by side to the name of the variety under the bar of the push-buttons. Therefore can be opened a new image with the push-button New image, and therefore to begin the reading of the points pressing the push-button Start reading points leaf.

If the type of data source must be changed, passing as an example to acquired images with a scanner, before opening the new image is necessary to select from the drop-down menu Acquisition data - Change type of source - Image from scanner. In this way the software gets ready for the calculation of the real dimensions of the leaves in different way from that one used for the acquired images with a camera.

Measurement of the leaves of a new variety In order to begin a new session of analysis on an other grapevine it is necessary to select from the drop-down menu Acquisition data - Measurement of the leaves of


75

another variety - Image from camera. In this way it is also possible to change the type of source to use for the acquisition of the data.


After the have been inserted the data of grapevine (the name, code of identification and customer) the software attends that it is loaded the image with the new leaf.

Graphical tablet

If it is chosen to use which source of the data a graphical tablet it will be necessary to proceed in the following way.

Fig. 2.16 – Window acquisition from tablet

Pressing the push-button Start reading points leaf the software active the connection with the graphical tablet at the port set up in the configuration. If the tablet does not answer it is shows an error message. To control that the ignited tablet or and that the cable or connected correctly. If the error it remain, to execute the search of port COM on which is connected the tablet from the drop-down menu Options - Configuration.

To this point the software guides the operator in the selection of the points by means of a schematic drawing of the leaf and the indication and description of the succession of the points (cfr. fig. 2.9).

In order to select a point it is necessary to carry themselves with the pointer of the tablet on the leaf and to press one of the push-buttons of the same pointer, or, if is used to the pointer to pen shape, to support it on the point to select.


76

The push-button Cancel reading points leaf cancels all the read points in order to resume from head the reading of this leaf, while the push-button Cancel last point (that it appears on the window) allows to cancel the last point selected and therefore of select again.

It is necessary to make attention that to it marks them acoustic of selection of the tablet corresponds the acquisition of the data, visible from the coordinates indicated in the state bar. The speed of the transmission of the data and elaboration of the PC could demand an interval among the selection of a point and the other of some second. With regard to this it is necessary to make of the tests.

To every selection of a point in the state bar appear the coordinates calculated from the software in this way: first of all it is operated a standardization of the leaf so that the point to petiole becomes the origin of the ideal Cartesian plan, therefore is operated a virtual spin so that the N1 point finds on the axis of the abscissas (practically the leaf is rotated so that the N1 point turns out perpendicular to the point to petiole). This means that every point is calculated regarding the point to petiole, for which every point to the left of it will have a negative abscissa, while every point to right will have a positive abscissa, every point that is found to of over will have a positive former, every point that is found to of under will have a negative ordinate.


Finished the selection of the points it is shows the profile of the leaf designed with these data so as to allow the operator to control if these are correct (fig. 2.10).

Like indicated in chapter previous, through this window it is possible to correct one or more points than which us it is noticed to have taken the coordinates in corrected way (we do not send back to that chapter it the explanation of the procedure for the correction of the coordinates of one or more points).

Pressing the push-button Continue, the software allows the compilation of the ampelographics codes of visual type (optional) and the measurement of the teeth comprised among the tip of N2 and that of the tooth at tip of the first secondary vein of N2 (optional).

Al term of the acquisition of all these data the software proceeds the calculation of the distances, the angles, the ratio and the compilation of the biometrics codes OIV and GenRes.

Measurement of a new leaf In order to continue in the analysis of the leaves of the grapevine in phase of study enough to press the push-button Start reading it points leaf. If the leaf that must be measured belongs to an other plant of the parcel it is before necessary to modify the number of the plant that finds account to the name of the variety under to the bar push-buttons.


77

If the type of data source must be changed, passing as an example to acquired images with a scanner, before opening the new image it is necessary to select from the drop-down menu Acquisition data - Change type of source - Image from scanner. In this way the software gets ready for the calculation of the real dimensions of the leaves in different way from that one used for the acquired images with a camera.

Measurement of the leaves of a new variety In order to begin a new session of analysis on an other grapevine it is necessary to select the drop-down menu Acquisition data - Measurement of the leaves of another variety - Tablet. In this way it is also possible to change the type of source to use for the acquisition of the data.


After the have been inserted the data of grapevine (the name, code of identification and costumer) the software attends that it is pressed the push-button Start reading points leaf.

M E A S U R E M E N T O F T H E B U N C H E S

Measurement of the

bunches

We now analyze the operation of the software for the measurement of the bunches.

uperAmpelo it previews, which source for the acquisition of the concerning data the bunches, images generated from a camera. I use of coming images from camera offers possibility to the analysis thirds party by means of the shipment for email of the images of the bunches, or the organization of the

work in independent way from the season, constituting the archives of images to analyze in successive time.

During the start of the software, as we have seen previously, which work object can be chosen the bunches. The software gets ready therefore for the analysis of images.

Fig. 3.1 – Window work on bunches

Like in the event of the analysis of the leaves, it is possible to measure the dimensions of a infinitely number of bunches, and to obtain the medium values.

Measurement of a bunch

In order to measure the dimensions of a bunch it is necessary to load/to open its image. For to speed the operation it is possible to collect in an only image more bunches. In order to make this is pressed on the push-button New image.

S


79

It is thus opened the window for the loading of the file. The following graphical formats are available: BMP, JPG, TIF, GIF (cfr. fig. 2.7).

In order to facilitate the selection of the points the bunch would have to introduce itself with the petiole turned towards the high9. If the bunch introduces itself turned upside down, can be rotated using the push-buttons Clockwise spin and Anticlockwise spin. The image can also be enlarged or reduced using the push-buttons of Zoom, holding present that with increasing of the dimension of the image, increases the resolution (as it appears from the information on the image).

Once that the image has been oriented and that has determine the proportions own requirements second, the reading can be begun pressing the push-button Start reading points bunch.

The first points to select will be those of the scale, or an object represented in the image, of which the real dimensions are known. This will serve to the software for the calculation of the proportions and therefore of the resolution with which it can be worked.

The software guides the operator in the selection of the points by means of a schematic drawing of the bunch and the indication and description of the succession of the points.

Fig. 3.2 – Scheme points bunch

In order to select a point it is necessary to carry itself with the mouse, whose pointer assumes the shape of a cross (pointer), on the image and to press the push-button left of the same one. In order to allow the operator to verify the exactitude of the selection it is designed a spreader in the point in which it has been pressed the push-button of the mouse. The push-button right allows to cancel the last one selects made and therefore to repeat it.

When they are selected all the points necessary in order to measure a bunch, this is marked with a X so as to distinguish it from those not still measured (cfr fig. 3.3). Once that they have been moderate all the present bunches in the image (could also be a solo), are necessary to press on the push-button End rea. bunches in order to make that the software executes the calculations.

9 This orientation serves to help the operator in the selection of the points, but it does not affect the measures, therefore it is possible to work with images that they introduce clusters oriented in different way.


80

For the measurement of the bunches 6 points are necessary, 4 for bunch and 2 for the petiole. Finished to the selection of the points the software it executes the calculations and it compiles codes OIV 203 and 206 and codes GenRes 202 and 206.

Fig. 3.3 – Measurement bunches

The push-button Cancel reading points cancels all the read points in order to resume the measurement of this bunch.


Measurement of the new bunch In order to continue in the analysis of the bunches of the grapevine in phase of study, it is necessary to load a new image and to repeat the described operations previously. Is necessary to open a new image with the push-button New image, and therefore to begin the reading of the points pressing the push-button Start reading points bunch.

Measurement of the bunches of a new variety In order to begin a new session of analysis on another grapevine it is necessary to select the drop-down menu Acquisition data - Measurement of the bunches of another variety.

Before the insertion of the of identification data of the new one grapevine, the software asks if it is desired to record the read data previously. It is advised to record always all the acquired data.


81

Once that they have been inserted the data of grapevine (the name, code of identification and costumer) the software attends that it is loaded the image with the new bunch.

M E A S U R E M E N T O F T H E B E R R I E S

Measurement of the

berries

Operation of the software for the measurement of the berries.

he analysis of the berries is made for means of one or more images that collect a series of n berries with a scale or an object of which the real dimensions are known.

Fig. 4.1 – Window work on berries

The measurement of the berries is made for means of an image obtained from camera.

Measurement of the berries In order to load the image on which working is necessary to press the push-button New image from the bar of the push-buttons. After to have selected the name of the file and give the opening order, can itself be reduced the image and be rotated it so as to be able to work comfortably.

The image must introduce the berries so that the petiole it turns out up 10.

10 This orientation serves to help the operator in the selection of the points, but it does not affect the measures, therefore it is possible to work with images that they introduce berries oriented in different way.

T


83

Pressing the push-button Start reading points berries begins the procedure of reading of the dimensions that previews which first operation the gauging by means of the tracking of an object (scale) of which the real dimensions are known. Of this object it must be indicated the point begins them and that end, therefore the software asks its dimensions in millimetre.

After it begins the real reading, the software guides the operator in the selection of the points by means of a schematic drawing. The maximum number of berries present in an image is of a hundred. When they have been selected all the points of the berries, for giving to the software the order to execute the calculations, it is necessary to press the push-button End rea. berries.

Fig. 4.2 – Scheme points berries


When they are selected all the points necessary in order to measure a berry, this is marked with a X so as to distinguish it from those not still measured (cfr fig. 4.3).

If during the selection it has been mistaken to select the scale, or has been mistaken the order of the points, the reading can be cancelled pressing the push-button Cancel reading points. In order to resume it is necessary to press the push-button again Start reading points berries.


84

Fig. 4.3 – Measurement berries

Measurement of the new berries In order to continue in the analysis of the berries of the grapevine in phase of study, it is necessary to load a new image and to repeat the described operations previously. Is necessary to open a new image with the push-button New image, and therefore to begin the reading of the points pressing the push-button Start reading berries.

Measurement of the berries of new variety In order to begin a new session of analysis on an other grapevine it is necessary to select the drop-down menu Acquisition data - Measurement of the berries of another variety.


Once that they have been inserted the data of grapevine (the name, code of identification and costumer) the software attends that it is loaded the image with the berries.

M E A S U R E M E N T O F T H E S E E D S

Measurement of the

seeds

Operation of the software for the measurement of the seeds.

he analysis of the seeds is made for means of one or more images that collect a series of n seeds with a scale, or an object of which the real dimensions are known.

Fig. 5.1 – Window Work on seeds

The measurement of the seeds is made for means of an image obtained from camera.

Measurement of the seeds In order to load the image on which working is necessary to press the push-button New image from the bar of the push-buttons. After to have selected the name of the file and given the opening order, can itself be reduced the image and be rotated it so as to be able to work comfortably.

The image must introduce the seeds so that the hilum turns out up.

Pressing the push-button Start reading points seeds begins the procedure of reading of the dimensions that previews which first operation the gauging by means of the tracking of an object (scale) of which the real dimensions are known. Of this object it must be indicated the point begins them and that end, therefore the software asks its dimensions in millimetre.

T


86

After it begins the real reading, the software guided the operator in the selection of the points by means of a schematic drawing. The maximum number of seeds presents in an image is of a hundred. When they have been selected all the points of the seeds, for giving to the software the order to execute the calculations, it is necessary to press the push-button End rea. seeds.

Fig. 5.2 – Scheme points seeds


When they are selected all the points necessary in order to measure a seed, this is marked with a X so as to distinguish it from those not still measured (cfr fig. 5.3).

Fig. 5.3 – Measurement seeds


87

If during the selection it has been mistaken to select the scale, or has been mistaken the order of the points, the reading can be cancelled pressing the push-button Cancel reading heads. In order to resume it is necessary to press the push-button again Start reading points seeds.

Measurement of the new seeds In order to continue in the analysis of the seeds of the grapevine in phase of study, it is necessary to load a new image and to repeat the described operations previously. Is necessary to open a new image with the push-button New image, and therefore to begin the reading of the points pressing the push-button Start reading points seeds.

Measurement of the seeds of a new variety In order to begin a new session of analysis on an other grapevine it is necessary to select the drop-down menu Acquisition data - Measurement of the seeds of another variety.


Once that they have been inserted the data of grapevine (the name, code of identification and costumer) the software attends that it is loaded the image with seeds.

T I P S F O R M E A S U R I N G L E A F

88

Tips for measuring leaf

Here are some guidelines for measuring grape leaves that each may apply according to your needs.

1. Keep store scanned images from camera or scanner used to measure leaf or alternatively also photocopies of the leaves measured. These may be useful for work and studies on some variety or general as biometric data are complemented the visual image of the leaf. The standard profile of the leaf can not go into detail and it does not highlight specific aspects, based only on 67 points. I personally recommend the use of images than the tablet to the advantage of correct steps already taken and to store the image of the leaf.

2. Name the file using the identification code in dell'accessione collection by adding the number of the leaf so you can quickly and clearly identify each image is related to measurements. Es. A25-01.jpg

3. Remove the leaves from a single plant in order to avoid the risks of using leaves of plants with different vegetative condition, different health status, etc.. that may affect the form. This should be identifiable by the name of the file so that if errors occur during the reproductive system or you can go back to data.

4. Carefully check visually the leaves collected for the measurement to remove those faulty due to virus infection, nutritional disorders, developmental defects, missing parts of the flap too small or otherwise. This work should be done by a person who has gained experience in the field and be able to see at a glance the presence of problems.

5. Working on the underside of the leaf because the ribs are more pronounced and visible. However, always use the same test page or more or less always the top.

6. What to do for the measurement of the leaves before the presence of bullous and curvatures? There is an optimal solution because you can not play perfectly in a space with two dimensions a leaf that grows in a three-dimensional space. When you squeeze it tends to deform by opening or closing such a bosom, accentuating or reducing overlap, etc.. If it is not “flatten” the measurements will refer to its projection on a plane and not its actual size. Each solution is therefore a compromise with advantages and limitations. The important thing is that it remains consistent with your choice and do not change the system, otherwise the data are not comparable with each other as they have “defects” different.

Before the final measurements council to do some 'tests to realize the different results obtained by giving priority to the visual appearance of the


89

leaf or its actual size. This will allow you to choose the methodology to be more informed.

There are two possible alternative behaviors:

a. give priority to the visual appearance of the leaves In this case if you use a scanner you should not lower the lid, and you must stop using a tablet on the leaf surface of the tablet with Scotch transparent and not with the clipboard. The instrument would be more appropriate to the camera as well reproduces the leaf in its natural form. In this case we will measure the projection of the leaf, in measures that will lack the original, but is closer in form and structure to the natural leaf.

b. give priority to real size In this case if you use a scanner must be careful when you lower the lid to try to keep as much as possible the natural structure of the leaf (opening of the sinuses, potential overlaps, etc.).. The same care should be used with the tablet. If you use a camera, the leaf should be placed in a transparent plastic folder that is forced to flatten without impeding the view.

7. When measuring not just the 67 points required, but also measure the height of the tooth margin between the edge of the rib of N2 and the end of the first rib lateral of N2. The ratio between height and base of these teeth is very useful to identify a variety.

8. To the extent possible whether to proceed simultaneously in the measurement of the leaves and in the compilation of visual codes. These must be taken on the same leaf measured and some characters you need in your hands the leaf.

9. If the minimum number of leaves required by Genres is 10, you should measure more, especially if the data collected will be used to identify or verify a variety cases of synonymy. The averages are based on 10 sun leaves are much more influenced by factors extrinsic to the same variety. A good practice would be to perform a first measurement on 10 leaves, and the following year a second on 10 more. This will not only have an average based on 20 leaves, but fade effects related to seasonal factors.

10. For the measurement of petiole sinus and lateral the program requires the selection of 5 points. The general indication is given by 2 points to 1/3 of the depth, 2 points to 2/3 and 1 point on the bottom of the breast. For a better description of the leaf should bear in mind the shape of the breast in

order to highlight the points of greater or openness and less open or overlap, especially in the case of breasts Ω or brace. The following diagram we have indicated in red the points to be selected according to the type of breast.


90

A P P E N D I X

Appendix

Tables of recording data Name Description

SingoliGrappoli Table with the historical archives that collect the measures of every single bunches

Grappolo Table with the historical archives of the analysis of the bunches. It contains the medium dimensions of the bunches and codes OIV

TempGrappolo Table in which the measures of the bunches are collections temporarily

AciniSingoli Table with the historical archives that collect the measures of every single berries

Acini Table with the historical archives of the analysis of the berries. It contains the medium dimensions of the berries

TempAcini Table in which the measures of the berries are collections temporarily Punti Table with the historical archives that collect the coordinates of the

points of every single leaf TempPunti Table in which they come collected temporarily the coordinates of the

points FoglieMisure Table with the historical archives that collect the calculate values of

every single leaf FogliaMisure Table with the historical archives of the analysis of the leaves. It

contains the average of the calculate values and codes OIV TempFogliaMisure Table in which they come collected temporarily the calculate values TempIdentità Table of system in which they are temporary recorded the data of

identification of the grapevine on which it is being worked System Table of system with the list of the points to select on the leaf SystemMisure Table of system with the list of the calculate values and codes OIV Vinaccioli Table with the historical archives of all the measurements of seeds ElencoCodici Tables of system for the conversion of codes OIV in levels of

expression TempVinaccioli Table in which the measures of the seeds are collections temporarily VinaccioliSingoli Table with the historical archives that collect the measures of the

single seeds

List calculate values Field Description

LU Length of the leaf

LA Width of the leaf

LUPIC Length of the leaf including the petiole

OP Length of petiole

ON1 Length of the vein N1

N2N21 Length between the tips of the veins N2 and N2’



SPSP1 Width of petiole sinus / Distanza tra i punti SP e SP’


ON21 Length of the vein N2’


ON31 Length of the vein N3’

ON4 Length of petiole point at tip of the vein N4

ON41 Length of petiole point at tip of the vein N4’

O3N4 Length of the vein N4

O31N41 Length of the vein N4’

O4N5 Length of the vein N5

O41N51 Length of the vein N5’

OO3 Vein N3, length of petiole sinus at vein N4

A P P E N D I X

92

OO31 Vein N3’, length of petiole sinus at vein N4’

OS Length of petiole sinus at upper sinus right

OS1 Length of petiole sinus at upper sinus left

OI Length of petiole sinus at lower sinus right

OI1 Length of petiole sinus at lower sinus left

AL Angle between N1 and N2 measured at the first ramification

AL1 Angle between N1 and N2’ measured at the first ramification

BE Angle between N2 and N3 measured at the first ramification

BE1 Angle between N2’ and N3’ measured at the first ramification

GA Angle between N3 and N4

GA1 Angle between N3’ and N4’

OM Angle between N1 and N2 measured at tips of the veins

OM1 Angle between N1 and N2’ measured at tips of the veins

ET Angle between N2 and N3 measured at tips of the veins

ET1 Angle between N2’ and N3’ measured at tips of the veins

TA Angle between N3 and N4 measured at tips of the veins

TA1 Angle between N3’ and N4’ measured at tips of the veins

PI Angle of opening of petiole sinus measured at SP and SP’

DE Angle between D and D’ with centre in N1

LAM Angle between S and S’ with centre in N1

MU Angle between I and I’ with centre in N1

HN2 Height of the tooth tip of N2

HN21 Height of the tooth tip of N2’

HN4 Height of the tooth tip of N4

HN41 Height of the tooth tip of N4’

BN2 Base of the tooth tip of N2

BN21 Base of the tooth tip of N2’

BN4 Base of the tooth tip of N4

BN41 Base of the tooth tip of N4’

LUXLA Product of length and width of the leaf

LULA Ratio between the length and the with of the leaf

RP Ratio between the length of petiole OP and the length of the vein N1

RS Ratio between the length of petiole sinus al upper sinus right OS and the length of the vein N2

RS1 Ratio between the length of petiole sinus al upper sinus left OS’ and the length of the vein N2’

RI Ratio between the length of petiole sinus al lower sinus right OI and the length of the vein N3

RI1 Ratio between the length of the petiole sinus al lower sinus left OI’ and the length of the vein N3’

R2 Ratio between the length of the vein N2 and the length of the vein N1

R21 Ratio between the length of the vein N2’ and the length of the vein N1







ALBE Sum of the angles α + β ALBE1 Sum of the angles α’ + β’ ALBEGA Sum of the angles α + β + γ ALBEGA1 Sum of the angles α’ + β’ + γ’ ALBEOSOI Ratio between the sum of the angles α + β and the sum of the length

between the sinus petiole and the upper sinus right OS and the sinus petiole and the lower sinus right OI

ALBEOSOI1 Ratio between the sum of the angles α’ + β’ and the sum of the length between the sinus petiole and the upper sinus left OS’ and the sinus petiole and the lower sinus left OI’

HBD Ratio between the height and the base of teeth of right side

HBD1 Ratio between the height and the base of teeth of left side

HBN2 Ratio between the height and the base of tooth tip of vein N2

HBN21 Ratio between the height and the base of tooth tip of vein N2’

HBN4 Ratio between the height and the base of tooth tip of vein N4

A P P E N D I X

93

HBN41 Ratio between the height and the base of tooth tip of vein N4’

HD Mean of the height of the teeth of right side

BD Mean of the base of the teeth of right side

HD1 Mean of the height of the teeth of leaf side

BD1 Mean of the base of the teeth of left side

ANGA Angle between N3 and the tangent between petiole point and tip of N5

ANGA1 Angle between N3 and the tangent between petiole point and tip of N5’

Area Stima dell’area della foglia calcolata in base ai punti selezionati

List ampelographics codes compiled (OIV and GenRes081) Field Description

066-4 Length of vein N5

066-5 vein N3, length petiole sinus to vein N4

067 Shape of blade

068 Number of lobes

070 Anthocyanin coloration of the main veins on the upper side of the blade

072 Goffering of blade

074 Profile

075 Blistering of upper side

076 Shape of teeth

079 Degree of petiole sinus opening

079-1 Opening/overlapping of petiole sinus

080 Shape of base of petiole sinus

081-1 Presence of teeth in the petiole sinus

081-2 Petiole sinus limited by veins

083-2 Presence of teeth at the base of the upper

084 Density of prostrate hairs between the main veins (lower side)

087 Density of erect hairs on the main veins (lower side)

092 Length of petiole

093 Length of petiole compared to middle vein (N1)

601 Length of vein N1




605 Length petiole sinus to upper leaf sinus

606 Length petiole sinus to lower leaf sinus

607 Angle between N1 and N2 measured at the first ramification

608 Angle between N2 and N3 measured at the first ramification

609 Angle between N3 and N4

610 Angle between N3 and the tangent between petiole point and the tooth tip of N5

612 Length of teeth N2

613 Width of teeth N2

614 Length of teeth N4

615 Width of teeth N4

616 Number of teeth between the tooth tip of N2 and the tooth tip of the first secondary vein of N2, including the limits

617 Length between the tooth tip of N2 and the tooth tip of the first secondary vein of N2

A P P E N D I X

94

Drawings

Distance

A P P E N D I X

95

Angle

96

Image index

Fig. 0.1 – Configuration: General settings ....................................4 Fig. 0.2 – Configuration: Port COM .............................................5 Fig. 0.3 – Configuration: Port USB ...............................................6 Fig. 0.4 – Configuration: Heading..................................................7 Fig. 0.5 – Configuration: Backup ...................................................7 Fig. 0.6 – Configuration: Profiles leaves........................................8 Fig. 1.1 – Main window...................................................................9 Fig. 1.2 – Window insertion of data identification of the

grapevine.....................................................................10 Fig. 1.3 – Sources twain.................................................................12 Fig. 1.4 – Window to correct the coordinates of points............13 Fig. 1.5 – Window selection leaf for the correction of the

measurements of the teeth........................................14 Fig. 1.6 – Correction measurement teeth....................................15 Fig. 1.7 – Window correction codes ampelography of visual

type ..............................................................................16 Fig. 1.8 – Window Shapes leaf .....................................................17 Fig. 1.9 – Window Ampelometric analysis of single leaves.......18 Fig. 1.10 – Window Ampelometry analysis of the leaves’

series ............................................................................20 Fig. 1.11 – Window Analysis similarity........................................22 Fig. 1.12 – Diagram of dispersion................................................25 Fig. 1.13 – Window Analysis bunches.........................................26 Fig. 1.14 – Window Analysis berries............................................26 Fig. 1.15 – Window seeds Analysis ..............................................27 Fig. 1.16 – Window the Archives coordinates............................30 Fig. 1.17 – Window the Archives single leaves...........................31 Fig. 1.18 – Window Archives medium leaves.............................32 Fig. 1.19 – Data for the recording the national catalogue.........33 Fig. 1.20 – Window Analysis similarity leaves of a variety ........34 Fig. 1.21 – Window Compare variety ..........................................35 Fig. 1.22 – Print report comparison among variety ...................35 Fig. 1.23 – Window Search variety of similar shape ..................36 Fig. 1.24 – Window Balance analysis profiles .............................37 Fig. 1.25 – Window Similarity analysis the group of varieties...39 Fig. 1.26 – Window Retrospective calculations..........................40 Fig. 1.27 – Window Archives bunches........................................42 Fig. 1.28 – Window Archives berries...........................................42 Fig. 1.29 – Window Archives seeds .............................................43 Fig. 1.30 – Window correction coordinate points......................44 Fig. 1.31 – Window correction coordinated points ...................45

Fig. 1.32 – Window measurement teeth archiviate leaves.........46 Fig. 1.33 – Window measurement teeth archiviate leaves.........47 Fig. 1.34 – Window correction codes of visual type..................48 Fig. 1.35 – Windows Restore archivie .........................................49 Fig. 1.36 – Window Archive to associate....................................50 Fig. 1.37 – Window Delete variety ..............................................51 Fig. 1.38 – Windows Rename variety ..........................................52 Fig. 1.39 – Windows Associate variety........................................52 Fig. 1.40 – Windows Export data variety for other Institute....53 Fig. 1.41 – Import data from an institution other......................54 Fig. 1.42 – Measure of the distance among two points.............55 Fig. 1.43 – Measure of the perimeter of a polygon....................56 Fig. 1.44 – Measure of an angle....................................................58 Fig. 1.45 – Measure of the radius.................................................59 Fig. 1.46 – Windows Document ..................................................60 Fig. 1.47 – Windows Information about.....................................61 Fig. 2.1 – Start, stage analysis sessions ........................................64 Fig. 2.2 – Start, continue ...............................................................64 Fig. 2.3 – Recording data ..............................................................64 Fig. 2.4 – New grapevine ..............................................................65 Fig. 2.5 – Start, selection source...................................................65 Fig. 2.6 – Window acquisition from scanner..............................66 Fig. 2.7 – Windows Open image..................................................66 Fig. 2.8 – Information image from scanner................................67 Fig. 2.9 – Indication of the points ...............................................67 Fig. 2.10 – Verification coordinates.............................................68 Fig. 2.11 – Ampelographics codes of visual type.......................69 Fig. 2.12 – Indication measurement teeth...................................70 Fig. 2.13 – Measurement of the teeth..........................................71 Fig. 2.14 – Window acquisition from camera.............................72 Fig. 2.15 – Gauging scale ..............................................................73 Fig. 2.16 – Window acquisition from tablet ...............................75 Fig. 3.1 – Window work on bunches...........................................78 Fig. 3.2 – Scheme points bunch...................................................79 Fig. 3.3 – Measurement bunches .................................................80 Fig. 4.1 – Window work on berries .............................................82 Fig. 4.2 – Scheme points berries ..................................................83 Fig. 4.3 – Measurement berries ....................................................84 Fig. 5.1 – Window Work on seeds...............................................85 Fig. 5.2 – Scheme points seeds.....................................................86 Fig. 5.3 – Measurement seeds.......................................................86

manuale superampelo - en draft

Documents