manual de embalaje rbec

RBET Packaging Manual

RBET/CLP5.1 – May 2015 1

Robert Bosch Treto Packaging Manual

(Specific supplement to the logistics manual for suppliers of Robert Bosch GmbH)

Standards for the packaging and shipment of parts by suppliers



Distribution: RBET/CLP, CLP5, CP/PPS/GE2, CP/PQA-RBET. CC: RBET/PM, RBET/COR, RBET/QMM, RBET/MOE1, RBET/MOE2, RBET/BPS-CIP Authority responsible: RBET/CLP Preparation and issue: RBET/CLP5.1- O. Sebastian Reference standards: - Logistics manual for suppliers of Robert Bosch GmbH - Guideline GF-178 'Environmental protection' - Central instruction F3-Zentralanweisung: 'Adaptation of packaging systems and materials to the environment' - K4 VA No. 11.4.11 'Transport of hazardous materials' Validity: Treto factory Date of issue: June 2006 / Updated May 2015 Filed in: O:\LOG\LOG9\Manual de embalaje\Packaging Manual.doc File period: + 8 years Replaces: Updated September 2013. RBET/CLP5: RBET/CLP: CP/PPS-GE2: CP/PQA-RBET: Date: Date: Date: Date: Signed: Hagenberg Signed: Mannsbart Signed: Livrozet Signed: Saiz Mons The original signatures are filed in RBET/CLP5.1



Contents Page

1. Purpose and scope of application ……………………………………………………….4 2. General information..………………………………………..…………………………..….4

2.1 Contact person 2.2 Conditioning factors for definition of packaging 2.3 Environmental requirements 2.4 Supplier's responsibility

3. Definition of packaging …………………………………………..……………………….6 3.1 Not returnable packaging 3.2 Returnable packaging 3.2.1 Large-size containers, Europool cage (GLT) 3.2.2 Standard small-load carriers (KLT)

3.3 Choice of packaging 3.3.1 Choice method 3.3.2 Validation of packaging 3.3.3 Name of packaging 3.4 Alternative packaging 3.4.1. Increase in demand, expansions, etc, 3.4.2. Urgencies 3.5 Allocation of packaging quantities

4. Part delivery standards …………………………………………….……………….….11 4.1 Max. Weight/size 4.2 Europallet 4.3 Non-standard heights 4.4 Safe transport of each item of packaging 4.5 Consistent packaging 4.6 Shipment 4.7 Special packaging 4.8 Specific standards

5. Identification of packaging units ………………………………….……….………..12 5.1 Master label/secondary label

5.1.1 Example of Principal label 5.1.2 Example of Secondary label 5.1.3 Compulsory and optional fields

5.2 Mixed pallet 5.3 Additional information

6. Deliveries …………………………………………………………………….………….15 6.1 Delivery note 6.2 Information on delivery note

7. Empties management ……………………….…….………………………………… 18 8. Annexes …………………………………………………………………………………20

8.1. Annexe 1: Conditions for the exchange of Europool cages and Europallets 8.2. Annexe 2: Special requirements for ISPM-15 wooden packaging



1. Purpose and scope of application

This manual defines the packaging requirements demanded of its suppliers by the Robert Bosch Treto factory (RBET). These requirements cover aspects related to the following:

- Optimised design of packaging units and containers - Standardisation of dimensions - Clear definition of quantities of parts per item of packaging

The aim is to guarantee a rational and optimised exchange of material between suppliers and RBET.

2. General information 2.1. Contact person

Purchasing: Robert Bosch España Fabrica Treto, S.A. RBET/PPS-GE2 Apdo. de Correos 79 E-39770 Laredo Packaging management: Robert Bosch España Fabrica Treto S.A. RBET/CLP5.1 - Oskar Sebastian / Jens Hagenberg Apdo. de Correos 79 E-39770 Laredo [email protected] 2.2. Conditioning factors for the definition of packaging

The planning of the use of returnable packaging depends on economic and environmental aspects. The environmental objectives require the optimisation of resources and the elimination of waste. In order to achieve these objectives and comply with legislation to avoid environmental contamination, the use of returnable packaging is being encouraged. Regardless of the choice of the packaging type, the following requirements must be met:

• No damage to part quality • Avoid as far as possible the use of not returnable packaging • Implement rational load units • Make maximum use of the container load • Ensure transport processes • Guarantee easy unloading using transport vehicles • Ensure the transparency of packaging material costs

mailto:[email protected]



2.3. Environmental requirements

Only the use of the following packaging materials is allowed:

• PE or PP plastics (sheets, etc.) • Grease or wax paper may be used only in accordance with RBET/CLP5.1 • Adhesive tapes and paper stickers with water-soluble glue • Cardboard boxes with metal staples • No cardboard box must be pinned to the pallets

2.4 Supplier's responsibility

This manual is valid in conjunction with the purchasing conditions agreed with the supplier. Non-compliance with any of the packaging standards shall lead to a logistics claim. Robert Bosch Treto factory has implemented a logistics claims management system. Suppliers will receive the claims through standard documents sent by mail. Suppliers must respond to the claims by means of 8D reports. Through this management system, RBET shall gauge the quality of its suppliers' deliveries and issue statistics that will affect the supplier's annual assessment. The cost of eliminating errors due to delivery faults shall be on the account of the supplier.

• The supplier is responsible for the packaging of the raw material from the point of manufacture to the point of consumption.

• The parts must reach RBET undamaged, free from corrosion and contamination. • Even though an approval of the packaging proposal is necessary, the said approval

shall not exempt the supplier from ensuring the correct packaging of the parts. • The packaging must not be a source of contamination; all the packaging containing

hazardous materials must bear the corresponding label. • The supplier shall ensure the quality of the packaging at the time of shipment (cleanliness,

breakages, etc.). If a problem is detected, RBET/CLP5.1 must be notified, together with the haulage company collecting the packaging that is to be returned. Any error in the packaging shall be treated as a fault in quality.

• The supplier shall not pack directly in KLT, pieces subjected to make dirty the KLT with grease and/or oil.

• The supplier shall make sure that the packaging does not contain any label that does not correspond to the delivered product.

• Supplier must deliver according to packaging form described on 3.3.2 • The minimum delivery unit shall correspond to one box unit ( KLT or cardboard box). This

quantity cannot be altered without permission from the logistics planner. • The supplier pledge to treat the packing appropriately, assuring it against external

influences, against the access of third persons and due stored. • The supplier shall not use adhesive tape inside the packaging box, neither in cardboard box

nor in returnable packaging.



3. Definition of packaging 3.1. Not returnable packaging The use of not returnable packaging shall be authorised only in exceptional cases. All not returnable packaging must be identified in accordance with standards (DIN 6120) or by means of recognized recyclability symbols. Not returnable packaging can be one or more cardboard boxes placed on a pallet. The maximum gross weight of the units shall be 800 kg. With regard to stack ability, a load corresponding to 500 kg must be guaranteed. If it cannot be guaranteed, the units shall be identified with 'DO NOT STACK' labels. The various internal transport processes at the supplier's and external transport processes (haulage company collection routes) shall observe these stack ability conditions and guarantee the correct handling of the load during transport. If the packaging comprises several cardboard boxes placed on the pallet, the whole must be tied down using plastic strapping to guarantee correct handling. The individual fastening of each box must also be guaranteed. If the shipment contains one single box, it must be fastened using an adhesive tape. Individual cardboard packaging is defined by RBET based on the RL-KLT standard dimensions (please see 3.2.2).



3.2. Returnable packaging The aim is to guarantee deliveries from the supplier in returnable packaging. The said packaging must be treated correctly by suppliers and cannot be given other uses except for the exchange of goods with Robert Bosch, Treto factory. RBET provides the supplier with a quantity of packaging calculated in accordance with the allocation criteria given in 3.5. 3.2.1 Large-size containers, Europool cage (GLT)

3.2.2 Standard small-load carriers (KLT) -RL-KLT according to VDA4902 standard version 4:



Stack ability factor:

Denomination Exterior

Dimensions (mm)

Europallet Boxes per

level Maximum

boxes quantity per Europallet

RL-KLT 3147 297x198x147 16 48 RL-KLT 4147 396x297x147 8 48 RL-KLT 4314 396x297x147 8 40 RL-KLT 4280 396x297x280 8 24 RL-KLT 6147 594x396x147 4 24 RL-KLT 6280 594x396x280 4 12 RL-KLT 6428 594x396x280 4 12

The stack ability factor indicated above establishes maximum quantities, not minimums. 3.3. Choice of packaging The supplier shall choose the packaging in accordance with the criteria laid down by RBET. The aim is to use the standard KLT packaging indicated in section 3.2.2. as far as it is possible. 3.3.1 Choice method The supplier examines the type of packaging to be used and presents it as a packaging proposal to RBET. If at any time during the process, a decision for presenting the packaging proposal cannot be made, the supplier must contact with RBET/CLP5.1. RBET/CLP5.1 will decide the type of packaging depending on its technical and ergonomic specifications and conforming to the internal requirements of warehousing and production. 3.3.2 Validation of packaging RBET has to validate all the packaging proposals presented by suppliers taking into account production needs and notifying the purchasing and supplier quality departments. For approval, the packaging form below shall be completed. This form shall be sent to CLP5.1 BEFORE the shipment of the first samples for part approval. CLP5.1 shall give its approval and the packaging information shall be included as part of the approval report presented to the supplier quality department by each supplier for each part. The definitive validation of the packaging shall be given after the first shipment of samples to RBET and it shall be signed firstly by the supplier and later by the responsible departments concerned: CLP5.1, PPS-GE and MOE. The supplier shall be responsible for the quality of the product from the point of manufacture to the point of consumption. The validation of a packaging form does not exempt the supplier from this responsibility. As part of its continuous improvement process, RBET may request modifications to the approved packaging. The supplier shall answer to these requests in the term of two months and change the packaging accordingly. The supplier is responsible for filling out the packaging prescription and for the existence of a packaging prescription for each supplied part.



3.3.3 Name of packaging Each returnable packaging is identified by a 10-digit code. This number is provided by CLP5.1. 3.4 Alternative packaging: Delivery time, payment method (RBET, supplier) 3.4.1. Increase in demand, expansions, etc. It is allowed the use of exceptional (programme increases, holiday closures, expansions, etc.) cardboard packaging of dimensions equivalent to KLT (please see 3.1), always with the permission of RBET/CLP5. RBET is not responsible for giving more packaging than the established neither for holiday closures nor for stocks increases. 3.4.2 Urgencies In an emergency need of packaging, the supplier shall send an alternative packaging proposal to RBET/CLP5.1 by e-mail. The resulting costs shall be on the account of the supplier. Deviations from the packaging form shall be considered as logistics faults and treated as such. All deliveries should be assured by the supplier.



3.5 Allocation of packaging quantities For each part reference, RBET allocates a quantity of packaging calculated in accordance with the average daily consumption of the reference in question. The summary of the information about the type of packaging (KLT, pallet, cover) and the quantity allocated in accordance with the monthly forecast are provided to the supplier by RBET/CLP5.1 in accordance with the packaging validation sheets explained in the previous section. Each supplier must review this information regularly and notify CLP5.1 of any discrepancy. The criteria for this allocation shall be as follows:

Local National International

Suppliers Suppliers Suppliers

Treto stocks 3 5 10

Supplier stocks 5 5 10

Full transport time 0,5 3 5

Empty transport time 0,5 3 5

Cleaning 3 3 3

Total 12 19 33

The supplier shall be responsible for notifying CLP5.1 when an increase in consumption is detected that does not correspond to the spreadsheet data. Given that each supplier receives a monthly forecast and a weekly adjustment for the planned quantities, RBET/CLP5.1 must be given a minimum notice of 10 business days when variations in consumption are detected. This is the term required for CLP5.1 to accept the increase and process and deliver the corresponding increase in packaging. The allocation sheet shall be updated accordingly. Claims not made in this term shall not be accepted. For critical cases, the supplier shall send an e-mail asking CLP5.1 for authorisation of shipment using alternative packaging. The supplier should have a stock of cardboard packaging as laid down in section 3.1. This guarantees delivery in emergencies.



4. Part delivery standards 4.1. Max. weight/size The maximum weights per packaging unit given in the following table must be observed:

Denomination Exterior dimensions (mm) Max. weight Europallet 1200x800x (max)970 800 kg

Europool cage 1240x840x970 800 kg RL-KLT 3147 300 x 200 x 147 15 kg RL-KLT 4314 400 x 300 x 147 15 kg RL-KLT 4147 400 x 300 x 147 15 kg RL-KLT 4280 400 x 300 x 280 15 kg RL-KLT 6147 600 x 400 x 147 15 kg RL-KLT 6280 600 x 400 x 280 15 kg RL-KLT 6428 600 x 400 x 280 15 kg

For some special KLT as for example C-KLT 4314 and C-KLT 6428 it is allowed a weight higher than 15 kg always with RBET´s authorization. No cardboard box that should be manipulated must exceed 15 Kilogram. The pallets used for delivery at RBET must observe the following dimensions: • Wooden Europallet: 1200x800 / 600x800 Exceptions: Parcels (pallet not required). 4.2. Europallet The pallets used for the delivery must be in perfect condition. Broken pallets shall not be accepted. If the shipment is made with faulty pallets, Bosch reserves the right not to unload the pallets or charge the supplier the cost of their handling. Any painted pallets are forbidden in RBET, specially the red ones (europallets and not returnable pallets). Deliveries on Europallets must be made in accordance with the EPAL criteria given in Annexe 1. 4.3. Non-standard heights The supplier shall observe the maximum package heights indicated for each reference. Bosch also reserves the right not to unload pallets that do not comply with these indications or issue a bill for the costs resulting from the adaptation of the pallet to storage requirements.



4.4. Safe transport of each item of packaging The items of packaging shall be placed correctly on the pallet and fastened longitudinally using plastic strapping. The plastic strapping has been selected as a result of its environmental advantages. The plastic must be PE or PP. The strapping must not have metallic elements (staples, etc.). Longitudinal strapping

The minimum delivery unit shall correspond to one box unit (cardboard box or KLT). In special cases, this unit shall be agreed by and between the supplier and RBET/CLP5.1. The pallets shall always be completed up to one layer using empty KLT’s or empty cardboard boxes (depending if the whole packaging is returnable or not) and putting a cover on top of it (please see description above). 4.5. Consistent packaging Different types of KLT must not be mixed on the same pallet. 4.6. Shipment A shipment process in accordance with the packaging must be guaranteed so that the goods are not damaged during these operations. 4.7. Special packaging RBET/PPS and RBET/CLP5.1 shall specifically authorise the cases of special packaging (not included in this manual) before the supplier makes the shipment with the said packaging. 4.8. Specific standards The agreements on special packaging authorised by RBET/PPS and RBET/CLP5.1 have priority over the general cases indicated in this manual. 5. Identification of packaging units 5.1. Principal label (for package)/secondary label (for KLT and for box) The supplier shall identify each shipment unit using package labels (principal label, HWA). Each package must also be identified by a UWA box label. The package and box label shall comply with the VDA 4902 standards version 4 (or the Odette standards). The contents of the labels are represented as examples.



5.1.1 Example of principal label (for package) This label shall be attached to the front and the lateral of the pallet, as shown in the following image, using a transparent bag or grey point stickers.

Description:

- Adhesive label, white background, size 210x148 mm. - It must be placed at the front of every primary packaging (pallet, wire box). - The content of the label must be printed out in “Arial” or a similar font. - The printing must be in black - The denomination of the fields should be printed in Spanish, since Spain is the country

of the recipient of the material.

5.1.2 Example of secondary label (for KLT and for box): The package identification must be clear. This means that there must be no old labels on a delivery using returnable packaging. The supplier shall be ultimately responsible for removing the labels if packaging with old labels is received. Description for KLT:

- Card label, white background, size 210x74 mm. - It must be placed at the front of every KLT - It is not allowed to stick the label on the KLT, only with a little sticky tape which can be

removed easily - The content of the label must be printed out in “Arial” or a similar font. - The printing must be in black - The denomination of the fields should be printed in Spanish, since Spain is the country




Description for cardboard box and other secondary packaging: - Adhesive label, white background, size 210x148 mm. - It must be placed at the front of every cardboard box or secondary packaging - The content of the label must be printed out in “Arial” or a similar font. - The printing must be in black - The denomination of the fields should be printed in Spanish, since Spain is the country


5.1.3 Compulsory and optional fields: Field Number Field Name Compulsory/Optional Bar Code

1 Receiver Name Compulsory NO 2 Dock Gate Compulsory NO 3 Delivery Note No (N) Compulsory YES 4 Supplier Short Address Compulsory NO 5 Net Weight (Kg) Optional NO 6 Gross Weight (Kg) Optional NO 7 No of Boxes Compulsory NO 8 Customer Part No (P) Compulsory YES 9 Quantity (Q) Compulsory YES

10 Description Compulsory NO 11 Supplier Part No Optional NO 12 Supplier Number (V) Compulsory YES 13 Date Of Shipment Compulsory NO 14 Engineering Revision Optional Optional 15 Serial No (S) Compulsory YES 16 Batch no (H) Compulsory YES

5.2. Mixed pallet If a package or pallet contains more than one reference, it is considered a 'mixed pallet' or a 'mixed delivery'. This type of delivery is allowed by RBET in special cases only. When there is a delivery with a mixed pallet, it must be made clear on the delivery note and on the pallet labelling, using a label with the inscription 'MIXED PALLET' and specifying the references. A delivery with different KLT sizes on the same pallet will not be accepted in any case.



5.3. Additional information If the delivery contains sample parts, a clear additional identification must be used indicating the address of the samples and their type. No type of label or other element may be stuck on the KLT except for grey round stickers or an equivalent element for fastening labels. It is recommended to check the visibility of the bar-codes before delivering. 6. Deliveries 6.1. Delivery note The delivery note must not be fastened to the packages. The transport documents and delivery notes must always be given to the haulage company. Exception: In the shipment of parcels, the delivery note must be attached to the parcel in a plastic bag. 6.2. Information on delivery note Information on material: reference, denomination and total quantity per delivery note:

− Number of parts of each catalogue per delivery note. − Number of parts per primary package (pallet, cage). − Number of parts per secondary package (KLT, cardboard box).

Information on package:

− Number of primary packages (pallet, cage) per delivery. − Number of secondary packages (KLT, box, plastic cover) per primary package (pallet, cage). − Type and quantity of returnable packaging (cage, KLT), indicating, in the specific case of the

KLTs, the model and packaging reference (see Table 1 below). − It must be indicated the full KLTs and also the empty KLTs.

All this must be adapted to the specific case (type and quantity of parts and packaging) for each supplier, maintaining the other information (Bosch supplier number, catalogue, etc.) and making sure that the shipments observe the limits regarding maximum dimensions (1200x800x970) and weights (see Table 1 below). You must also send us the original and one copy of the delivery note.



Packaging reference Description Dimensions Maximum gross weight

6.099.120.005 Europool cage 1240x835x970 800 Kg.

6.099.100.063 Europool pallet 1200x800x970 800 Kg.

6.099.503.147 RL-KLT-3147 300x200x147 15 Kg.

6.099.504.147 RL-KLT-4147 400x300x147 15 Kg.

6.099.504.314 C-KLT-4314 400x300x147 As agreed

6.099.504.280 RL-KLT-4280 400x300x280 15 Kg.

6.099.506.147 RL-KLT-6147 600x400x147 15 Kg.

6.099.506.280 RL-KLT-6280 600x400x280 15 Kg.

6.099.506.428 C-KLT-6428 600x400x280 As agreed

6.099.101.208 KLT cover 1200x800 -------------

Table 1



The following are several examples of delivery notes showing the requested information: Example 1: Delivery note with 3 pallets, 3200 pieces, 128 KLTs.

Catalogue ref. Denomination

6033AC0441 Commutator end shield

Total 3 pallets - 6099.100.063 3200 pieces

Partial

1 pallet 48 RL-KLT-3147 – 6099.503.147 25 pieces /KLT

1200 pieces

1 pallet 48 RL-KLT-3147 – 6099.503.147 25 pieces /KLT

1200 pieces

1 pallet 32 RL-KLT-3147 – 6099.503.147 25 pieces /KLT 800 pieces

3 covers – 6099.101.208 Example 2: Delivery note with 3 cages, 2000 pieces.


1125823082 Drive end shield

Total 3 cages – 6099.120.005 2000 pieces

Partial

1 cage 720 pieces

1 cage 720 pieces

1 cage 560 pieces Example 3: Delivery note with 2 pallets, 32 small cardboard boxes, 48,000 pieces.


9003330518 Retaining slip ring

Total 2 pallets - 6099.100.063 48000 pieces

Partial 1 pallet 24 cardboard boxes 1500 pieces/box 36000

pieces 1 pallet 8 cardboard boxes 1500 pieces/box 12000

pieces



7. Empties management The supplier shall be who order the delivery of packaging with a minimum notice of 10 working days prior to the requirement. The preferred ordering is by EMS (Supply On)

or in writing by email to [email protected], using the following form:



RBET/CLP5.1 keeps a daily control of the packaging accounts for each supplier. Every month the supplier must check the movements and the account balance of the returnable packing. Preferably this review shall be done by EMS (Supply On). If that is not possible the supplier must use the documents sent by CLP5.1. Any claim must be registered in EMS or communicated in writing attaching the documents that justify it to RBET/CLP5.1 in the term of 14 days. Any claim outside this term shall not be accepted. If the packaging order is not made sufficiently in advance, the supplier shall assume all the resulting additional costs. RBET shall try to deliver the packaging in the date asked, being possible the delivery some days before that date. RBET reserves the right to request an inventory of the packaging stocks in the possession of the supplier, where the response shall be given in the maximum term of 1 business day. In case of lost containers they will be paid by the supplier.

Supplier



8. Annexes 8.1. Annexe 1: Conditions for the exchange of Europool cages and Europallets



Criterios para el intercambio de las paletas EUR Criteria for the exchange of EUR pallets EUROPEAL PALLET ASSOCIATION (EPAL) EUROPEAL PALLET ASSOCIATION (EPAL) Una paleta EUR intercambiable 80x120 cm An 80x120 cm interchangeable EUR pallet Para intercambiar las paletas EUR certificadas EPAL, es necesario respetar los criterios de intercambio siguientes:

To interchange EPAL-certified EUR pallets, the following exchange criteria must be observed:

Una plancha de la orilla inferior o superior está rota de modo que queda visible la caña de más de un clavo o tornillo.

A lower or upper board is broken such that the stem of more than one nail or screw is visible.

Falta un taco, o está agrietado hasta el punto de quedar visible una caña de clavo

A plug is missing or cracked to the point where the stem of a nail is visible.

Paletas no intercambiables Non-interchangeable pallets Características: Specifications: Certificado EPAL = fiable más allá de las fronteras EPAL-certified = reliable beyond frontiers Falta una tabla. A board is missing. La marca EUR, a la derecha o las siglas del ferrocarril a la izquierda faltan.

The EUR mark on the right or the railway letters on the left are missing

Una tabla está rota transversalmente o en diagonal A board is broken crosswise or diagonally Más de dos tablas de la orilla inferior o superior están rotas y dejan ver una caña de clavo o de tornillo por tabla.

More than two lower or upper boards are broken and one nail or screw stem per board is visible

Otras características: Other specifications: Mal estado general General poor condition No se puede garantizar la capacidad de carga (madera carcomida y podrida).

The load capacity cannot be guaranteed (wood rotted)

La suciedad es tal que los productos corren riesgo de contaminarse. The dirt is such that the products are at risk from contamination Se detectan roturas importantes en muchos tacos. Significant Bray catches are detected in a lot of plugs Cuando es evidente que han sido utilizados en su fabricación elementos no admisibles. Por ejemplo: tablas y tacos poco fiables.

When it is obvious that inadmissible elements have been used in the manufacturing process For example: boards and plugs that are not very reliable

Paletas - EUR EUR pallets



8.2. Annexe 2: Special requirements for ISPM-15 wooden packaging

International phytosanitary standards for wooden packaging have been published by the IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention), which is a body of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN). These standards require the treatment of wood with appropriate methods, such as thermal treatment at a core temperature of 56°C for 30 minutes or fumigation with methyl bromide. The following mark certifies that the corresponding wooden packaging has been subjected to an approved process.

The mark shall include at least the following:

• The symbol. • Two letter code of the country according to the ISO, followed by a special number allocated

to the wooden packaging producer by the ONPF (Organización Nacional de Protección Fitosanitaria). The ONPF is responsible for making sure that the appropriate wood is used and that it is marked correctly.

• The abbreviation of the CIPF that identifies the appropriate process that has been used (for example, HT or DB).

At the discretion of the ONPF, the producers or suppliers may add control numbers or other information that identifies the specific batches. When the removal of bark is necessary, the letters DB must be added to the abbreviation of the approved process. Other information may be included as long as it is not deceitful or false and does not lead to confusion. The marks shall:

• Be in accordance with the model indicated herein. • Be legible. • Be permanent and non-transferable. • Be attached in a visible place, preferably at least on two opposite sides of the certified

article. The colours orange and red shall be avoided, since they are used to identify hazardous materials. Recycled, remanufactured or repaired wooden packaging shall be certified and marked again. All the components of the packaging shall be subjected to treatment. Exporters shall be obliged to use wood marked correctly for stowage.

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