Directive UE pentru managementul

deşeurilor

Directives

75/442/EEC 91/689/EEC

89/369/EEC 89/429/EEC

94/67/EEC 1999/31/EC

259/93/EEC 880/92/EEC

FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ON WASTE 75/442/EEC

This directive provides for the establishment of proper waste control regimes, and requires that the designated national authorities draw up a waste management plan.

The revision of Directive 75/442/EEC in 1991 provided a legal framework for the avoidance, management and disposal of wastes as set out in the Commission's Waste Management Strategy of 1989.

Waste management plans should identify the following: - wastes to be recovered or disposed of - technical requirements for recovery or disposal - special arrangements for specific types of waste - suitable disposal sites or installations

FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ON WASTE 75/442/EEC

Under the Framework Directive on Waste, EU Member States must encourage the prevention or reduction of waste and its harmfulness by encouraging the development of clean technologies, technical product improvements and disposal techniques.

In addition, they must encourage the recovery of waste (including its use as a source of energy) and prohibit uncontrolled dumping.

An adequate network of disposal installations must be established in co-operation with other Member States, using the best available technology which does not entail excessive costs.

FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE ON HAZARDOUS WASTE 91/689/EEC

This directive aims to introduce greater harmonization in the management of hazardous waste amongst Member States.

This directive also requires that the national competent authorities publish a hazardous waste management plan. Such a plan can be published as part of the general waste management plan drawn up under Directive 75/442/EEC, or it can be published as a separate document.

Under the directive, Member States must ensure that hazardous waste delivery sites are identified and registered, and that EU/international standards are adhered to when hazardous waste is collected, transported and stored.

In addition, the national competent authorities must inspect installations producing and receiving hazardous wastes, as well as transportation facilities for such waste.

DIRECTIVES 89/369/EEC AND 89/429/EEC ON AIR POLLUTION FROM NEW AND

EXISTING MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATION PLANTS

They regulate the permitting, design, equipment, operation and reporting of municipal waste incineration plants.

Directive 89/369/EEC relates to new plants where authorization to operate was granted on or after 1 December 1990.

Both directives exclude incineration plants dealing with sewage sludge, as well as chemical, toxic, dangerous and medical wastes.

The directives set limits for emissions of dust, certain combinations of heavy metals, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and sulfur dioxide from plants that deal exclusively with municipal waste.

DIRECTIVES 89/369/EEC AND 89/429/EEC ON AIR POLLUTION FROM NEW AND

EXISTING MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATION PLANTS

An incineration plant may be granted permits to incinerate hazardous waste only if it is designed, equipped and operated in such a manner that emission limits and management controls have been met.

Directive 89/429/EEC on existing municipal waste incinerators introduced a program of phased improvement for existing plants, emission limit values must be met within certain time limits.

Extensive requirements for monitoring, inspection and reporting by the operators of these plants are laid down in this directive.

DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC

The directive requires separate sites for hazardous, non-hazardous and inert wastes. The directive states that (with only a few exceptions) waste should be treated before being landfilled to reduce the hazard to human health and the environment, and to reduce the quantity of waste.

Targets are set in the directive for Member States to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste sent to landfill.

These targets are set in an attempt to reduce the EU's methane emissions, since it is a greenhouse gas and is produced by the breakdown of the biodegradable element of waste.

DIRECTIVE 259/93/EEC ON THE SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF

SHIPMENTS OF WASTE

The regulation sets up regimes governing transit shipments of waste within the EU, waste imports and waste exports. There are different requirements dependent on the type of waste and whether it is destined for recovery or disposal.

The directive categorizes waste types by color, with amber and red wastes being largely hazardous and green wastes non-hazardous.

These categories are the result of work carried out by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Council, following its decisions on transfrontier movements of waste.

DIRECTIVE 880/92/EEC

The “Community eco-label award scheme” is a voluntary market mechanism to promote products that have a lesser impact on the environment, and relates to consumer product groups.

A product is awarded the Eco-label once the product's whole life cycle and its related environmental impacts have been assessed.

The assessment uses ecological criteria set at a European level, and may not reflect conditions in individual Member States.

Products where criteria have been approved include tissue paper, washing machines and light bulbs.

The situation is confused somewhat by the multitude of 'eco labels' that exist on a national and product-based level in each Member State.