management people management (2)

7/23/2019 Management People Management (2)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 1/178

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Tuotbg @erjbooy



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b retrfevbo systej cr trbgsjfttem fg bgy acrj cr ny bgy jebgs, eoedtrcgfd,

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tle punofsler.

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ft fs punofslem bgm wftlcut b sfjfobr

dcgmftfcg fgdoumfgi tlfs dcgmftfcg nefgi

fjpcsem upcg tle sunsequegt purdlbser.

Gc respcgsfnfofty acr ocss cddbsfcgem tc

bgy perscg bdtfgi cr rearbfgfgi arcj

bdtfcg bs b resuot ca bgy jbterfbo fg tlfs

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cjfst Ircup.

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acr b gujner ca yebrs, fgdoumfgi mfstbgde oebrgfgi jbgbiejegt emudb-

tfcg dcurses. Le fs tutcrfgi JNB jcmuoes cg Ttrbteiy, Jbgbifgi

@gcwoemie Jbgbifgi Xecpoe, Ttrbteifd Jbrètfgi bgm Fgtergb-

tfcgbo Nusfgess acr tle Cpeg Ugfversfty Nusfgess Tdlcco bgm Murlbj

Ugfversfty Nusfgess Tdlcco.

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cg Eaaedtfve @gcwoemie Jbgbiejegt; B Nest Xrbdtfde Noueprfgt

punofslem ny Yfoey ugmer tle DNF abst-trbd` serfes bgm Iurus cg Jbrèt-

fgi bgm Jbgbifgi bgm Meveocpfgi ]boegt punofslem ny ]lcrciccm.

Le dbg ne dcgtbdtem ny e-jbfo; TèrjbooyHbco.dcj

www.suotbgèrjbooy.je.u`



Bd`gcwoemiejegts

Jy sfgdere tlbg`s ic tc Gefo ]lcjbs bgm Bgieob Tpboo acr ifvfgi je

bg cppcrtugfty tc dcgtrfnute tc tlefr Iurus cg… serfes.

F tlbg` tle acoocwfgi fgmfvfmubos, cribgfsbtfcgs bgm wensftes acr tle

leop redefvem;

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• Neofgmb Xfbgezzb, L^.Dcj Emftcr.

• Ned`y Ylfoey, Lebm ca Jbr`etfgi, Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe, U@.

• Tuzbgge Evbgs, X^ Dcgsuotbgt tc tle @eg Nobgdlbrm Dcjpb-

gfes, U@. (Ned`y bgm Tuzbgge lbve neeg very leopauo fg

prcvfmfgi bpprcprfbte fgacrjbtfcg.)

• @eg Nobgdlbrm Dcjpbgfes, U@.

• Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe.

• Jbgbiejegt Degtre Eurcpe, Nrusseos.

• Nutterwcrtl-Lefgejbgg.

• ]le Jbdjfoobg Dcjpbgy.

• JdIrbw-Lfoo Xunofslfgi.

• www.bdtfcgmesfig.dcj.

• www.oebmerstcoebmer.dcj.

Jy ocve bgm tlbg`s ic tc jy wfae Oburb, jy dlfomreg [brb, Xete, Tusbg,

Keggy, bgm jy irbgmdlfomreg Jbttlew, Bggb bgm Eve.



Jy irbtftume bgm spedfbo tlbg`s ic tc jy mbuilter [brb wlc, bt tle

tfje ca wrftfgi, fs gebroy acur yebrs com. Tle lbs neeg pbrtfduobroy

leopauo fg “mejcgstrbtfgi‖ tle fjpcrtbgde ca geems bgm seoa-bdtubof-

sbtfcg wleg F dbje tc survey vbrfcus jctfvbtfcgbo tlecrfes.



Nobg`



Dcgtegts

CGE ]le dlbooegies ca jbgbifgi pecpoe 2

Xecpoe jbgbiejegt fssues fg prbdtfde =

Dcgtfgucus fjprcvejegt =

]YC Aremrfd` Yfgsocw ]byocr (2<51-2625) 6

Iuru‖s prcfloe 28

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg 28

Mrudèr‖s vfews cg sdfegtffld jbgbiejegt 24

]byocr bgm jbgbifgi pecpoe 2=

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Aremerfd` Yfgsocw ]byocr 2=

]LÊE Eotcg Jbyc (2<<8-26=6) 25

Iuru‖s prcfloe 25


Ylbt dcgdousfcgs dbg cge mrbw arcj tle Lbwtlcrge

êsebrdles reobtfgi tc jbgbifgi pecpoe3 26

Bre tle flgmfgis ca tle Lbwtlcrge Experfjegts

reoevbgt tcmby3 >8

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Eotcg Jbyc >=

ACU^ Bnrblbj Jbsocw (268<-2698) >5

Iuru‖s prcfloe >5

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg >5

Jbsocw‖s lferbrdly ca geems fg b gutsleoo >1



Xlysfcocifdbo geems >9

Tbaety geems >9

Neocgifgi bgm ocve geems >9

Esteej geems ><Teoa-bdtubofsbtfcg geems >6

Drftfdfsjs ca Jbsocw‖s tlecry 42

B wcrm ca dbutfcg 42

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Bnrblbj Jbsocw 44

AFQE Mcuiobs JdIreicr (2681-261=) 45

Iuru‖s prcfloe 45


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]lecry V bpprcbdl bgm fts bssujptfcgs 49

Drftfdfsjs ca ]lecry \ bgm ]lecry V 46

Obst tlcuilts cg ]lecry V bgm tle Xyijbofcg Eaaedt =8

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Mcuiobs JdIreicr =2

TF\ Aremerfd` Lerzneri (26>4-) =4

Iuru‖s prcfloe =4

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg ==

Ylbt bre lyifege abdtcrs3 =5

Ylbt bre jctfvbtcrs3 =5

Bppofdbtfcg ca Lerzneri‖s tlecry =1

Drftfdfsjs ca Lerzneri‖s tlecry =<

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Aremerfd` Lerzneri =6



TEQEG Qfdtcr Qrccj (264>-) 52

Iuru‖s prcfloe 52


Qrccj‖s expedtbgdy tlecry 5>Expedtbgdy 5>

Fgstrujegtbofty 54

Qboegde 54

Drftfdfsjs ca Qrccj‖s tlecry 5=

Expedtbgdy tlecry bgm jbgbifgi pecpoe tcmby 5=

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Qfdtcr Qrccj 55

EFIL] Dlrfs Briyrfs (26>4-) 59

Iuru‖s prcfloe 59

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg 5<

Meaegsfve rcutfges 56

Drftfdfsjs ca Briyrfs‖s tlecry 12

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Dlrfs Briyrfs 92

GFGE Kclg Bmbfr (264=-) 94

Iuru‖s prcfloe 94

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg 9=

Meveocpfgi oebmerslfp s`foos 99

]le Bmbfr Oebmerslfp Acugmbtfcg 99

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Kclg Bmbfr 9<



]EG Ybrreg Neggfs (26>5-) 96

Iuru‖s prcfloe 96

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg <8

Iee`s bgm ieezers <4Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Ybrreg Neggfs <=

EOEQEG ^csbnetl Jcss @bgter (26=4-) <5

Iuru‖s prcfloe <5

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg <5

Ejpcwerjegt <1

Jctfvbtfgi ycur stbaa <9

Oebmerslfp <<

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj csbnetl Jcss @bgter 68

]YEOQE Xeter Tegie (26=9-) 62

Iuru‖s prcfloe 62

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg 6>

]le oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg 6>

Drftfdfsjs ca Xeter Tegie‖s tlecry 65

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Xeter Tegie 61

]LF^]EEG Ieert Lcasteme (26><-) 69

Iuru‖s prcfloe 69


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Jbsduofgfty bgm aejfgfgfty 66

Ugdertbfgty bvcfmbgde 66

Drftfdfsjs ca Lcasteme‖s tlecry 288

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Ieert Lcasteme 288



ACU^]EEG F`ukfrc Gcgb`b (2645-) 282

Iuru‖s prcfloe 282


Mfaaeregdes netweeg mbtb, fgacrjbtfcgbgm `gcwoemie 285

Jb`fgi b stbrt — scje exbjpoes/fgftfbtfves 281

@gcwoemie fs bosc pcwer — wly slcuom

ejpocyees slbre tlfs pcwer3 281

Ylbt fs bg fgdegtfve acr ycur cribgfsbtfcg

tc jbgbie gcwoemie3 289

Afgbo tlcuilt 289

Xrcaesscr Gcgb`b bgm jbgbifgi gcwoemie 28<

Drftfdfsjs ca tle TEDF jcmeo 228

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj F`ukfrc Gcgb`b 228

AFA]EEG Dlbroes Lbgmy (264>-) 222



Oebmerslfp 224

cribgfsbtfcgbo duoture 22=

“Cur ejpocyees bre cur irebtest bsset‖ 225

Fgsfme cribgfsbtfcgs 225

Fjpofdbtfcgs acr jbgbifgi pecpoe 221

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Dlbroes Lbgmy 229



TF\]EEG Xeter Mrudèr (2686-) 226


Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg 2>8

Mruèr cg jbgbifgi pecpoe — flgbo wcrms 2>1Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Xeter Mrudèr 2>9

TEQEG]EEG Jbgbifgi pecpoe fssues fg prbdtfde 2>6

]le Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe Ttbgmbrm 2>6

Dbse Ttumfes 245

EFIL]EEG Irebt dcjpbgfes tc wcr` acr; tle pecpoe

jbgbiejegt perspedtfve 2=5

Tc wlbt bre tle èy bttrfnutes ca tle

“wfggfgi‖ dcjpbgfes/cribgfsbtfcgs3 2=5

Jbgbifgi pecpoe fssues bt Xrët B Jbgier 2=9

GFGE]EEG B tc [ ca jbgbifgi pecpoe 2=6

Aurtler rebmfgi suiiestfcgs 252


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 15/178CGE ]LE DLBOOEGIET CA JBGBIFGI XECXOE 2

CGE

]le dlbooegies ca jbgbifgi pecpoe

‟]c see wlbt ycu dbg ne,

stbrt wftl wlc ycu bre.‚

BGCG

Iocnbofsbtfcg, ejpcwerjegt, drcss-augdtfcgbo tebjs, mcwgsfz-

fgi, restrudturfgi, oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcgs, gcwoemie wcr`ers.

Fa tlese nuzzwcrms mcg‖t scugm abjfofbr, tley slcuom, tley bre

dlbgifgi ycur ofae bgm tle wby ycu jbgbie pecpoe.

Jbgbiers lbve tc jbgbie pecpoe. F wcuom sby jbgbifgi pecpoe

dcgstftutes bt oebst <8% ca tle jbgbierfbo augdtfcg. Ft fs tle jcst mfafl-

duot bgm yet jcst rewbrmfgi augdtfcg. Jcst jbgbiers mc gct wbgt

tc cwg up tc tle abdt tlbt tley bre fgbmequbte bs abr bs jbgbifgi

pecpoe bre dcgdergem. Eveg scje cribgfsbtfcgs mc gct wbgt tc bddept

tlbt boo jbgbiers geem dcgtfgucus trbfgfgi bgm suppcrt fg reobtfcg

tc tlefr augdtfcg ca jbgbifgi pecpoe.

Yleg F wbs b Tegfcr Mfredtcr bt Jbgbiejegt Degtre Eurcpe, Nrus-

seos F mevfsem bgm fgtrcmudem b prcirbjje fg 26<9 dbooem “JbgbifgiXecpoe‖. Jy segfcr dcooebiues bgm eveg jy “ncss‖ wbs bibfgst tle fmeb

ca sudl b prcirbjje nedbuse tley aeot cribgfsbtfcgs wcuom gct egrco

tlefr jbgbiers acr sudl b dcurse. ]le dcurse ict bg bpprcvbo bgm ft

rbg cgde b yebr. Ny tle tfje F oeat JDE fg 26<6 ft wbs sdlemuoem tc

rug severbo tfjes b yebr. F bj ifveg tc ugmerstbgm tlbt ft fs gcw cge

ca tle jcst pcpuobr prcirbjjes bt JDE.

Ft nedbje pcpuobr nedbuse, fg jy cpfgfcg, cribgfsbtfcgs bgmjbgbiers neibg tc rebofse tle fjpcrtbgde ca tle s`foo ca jbgbifgi


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 16/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE>

pecpoe, bgm tlbt tlfs s`foo geems tc ne slbrpegem cg b dcgtfgucus nbsfs.

Fgdrebsfgioy we ofve fg b wcrom wlere tle rbte ca dlbgie fs bddeoer-

btfgi0 icbos bre nedcjfgi jcre vbrfem bgm dcjpoex bgm wlere

`gcwoemie bs b ey strbteifd bsset fs dcgtrfnutfgi tc nusfgess suddess.

Xecpoe bre cur irebtest bsset. Fs tlfs lype cr rebofty3 Acr tlcse cribg-

fsbtfcgs wlc iegufgeoy neofeve fg tlefr pecpoe, jbgbifgi pecpoe

nedcjes tle acrejcst jbgbierfbo s`foo.

Jbgbifgi pecpoe fs gct b jbtter ca jbgfpuobtfcg. Ft fs bncut wcr`fgi

wftl ycur stbaa bgm dcooebiues cg b pbrtgerslfp nbsfs tc bdlfeve tle

strbteifd icbos ca tle cribgfsbtfcg.

]le suddess ca bg cribgfsbtfcg mepegms cg jbgbifgi tlree sets ca

expedtbtfcgs. ]ley bre;

• cribgfsbtfcgbo expedtbtfcgs0

• ejpocyee expedtbtfcgs0 bgm

• dustcjer expedtbtfcgs.

Ylbt mces jbgbifgi ejpocyee expedtbtfcgs fgvcove3 Ft fgvcoves

ugmerstbgmfgi bgm tle sunsequegt bppofdbtfcg ca tle acoocwfgi;

• Ugmerstbgmfgi ca lujbg geems bgm nelbvfcur.

• Ylbt jb`es pecpoe tfd`3

• Lcw tc acrj dcoobncrbtfve reobtfcgslfps.

• Lcw tc redruft bgm seoedt stbaa.

• Ugmerstbgmfgi tle gbture ca psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt.

• Lcw tc retbfg stbaa.

• Lcw tc acrjuobte peracrjbgde icbos fgvcovfgi ycur stbaa.

• Lcw tc jcgftcr bgm jebsure stbaa peracrjbgde.

• Lcw tc oebm bgm jctfvbte stbaa.

• Lcw tc dcjjugfdbte eaaedtfveoy wftl ycur stbaa.



• Lcw tc meveocp tboegt fg ycur cribgfsbtfcg.

• Lcw tc jb`e ycur stbaa wcr` eaaedtfveoy fg tebjs.

• Lcw tc ejpbtlfse wftl ycur stbaa.

• Lcw tc bdt bs b jegtcr cr b dcbdl.

• ]le gbture ca dlbgie.

• ]le sfigffldbgde ca wcr`-abjfoy nbobgde.

• Lcw tc ibfg dcjjftjegt arcj ycur stbaa.

• Lcw tc drebte b tlrfvfgi wcr` egvfrcgjegt.

• Bncve boo, ugmerstbgmfgi seoa.

]lfs fs b very mbugtfgi tbs` nut ft fs fjperbtfve tc bdqufre dcjpe-

tegdes fg boo tlese bspedts tc jbgbie eaaedtfveoy. Fg prbdtfde vbrfcus

mfjegsfcgs ca jbgbifgi pecpoe bgm tle fjpcrtbgde ca pecpoe fg nrfgi-

fgi bncut cribgfsbtfcgbo suddess, dcje tcietler fg mfaaeregt acrjs.

Ofsteg acr pcssfnfoftfes

‟Fa ycu slcuom try tc ugmerstbgm je

]lrcuil tle eyes ca ycur experfegdes,

Vcur cgoy ugmerstbgmfgi wfoo ne

Jfsugmerstbgmfgi.

Acr we lbve wbo`em mfaaeregt pbtls

Bgm lbve `gcwg mfaaeregt aebrs. Bgm tlbt wlfdl nrfgis ycu obuilter kust

Jfilt nrfgi je tebrs.

Tc fa ycu dbg oebrg tc bddept je

Bgm tle strbgie tlfgis F sby bgm mc,

Jbyne tlrcuil ycur bddeptbgde

Vcu wfoo ibfg ugmerstbgmfgi.‚

Bgcg.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 18/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE=

Xecpoe jbgbiejegt fssues fg prbdtfde

Dlbpter 2< ca tlfs ncc` fgtrcmudes scje dbse stumfes tlbt reedt scje

ca tle fssues ca jbgbifgi pecpoe. ]lese bre gbtfcgbo bgm fgtergbtfcgbo

dbse stumfes.

(Mfsdobfjer; F lbve gc reobtfcgslfp wlbtscever wftl tle cribgfsbtfcgs

wlfdl lbve suppofem dbse stumfes. F use tlej tc lfilofilt bgm refg-

acrde mfaaeregt mfjegsfcgs ca jbgbifgi pecpoe fgvcovem fg prbdtfde.)

Dcgtfgucus fjprcvejegt

Ft fs bosc fjpcrtbgt tc dcgstbgtoy revfew jctfvbtfcgbo bgm oebmerslfp

abdtcrs fgvcovem fg eglbgdfgi cribgfsbtfcgbo eaaedtfvegess, frresped-

tfve ca lcw suddessauo ycu bre bt presegt. Fa b suddessauo cribgfsbtfcg

of`e Meoo flgms ft gedessbry tc mc sc, sc slcuom ctler cribgfsbtfcgs.

Tc wlbt lbs Meoo mcge3 ]le acoocwfgi fs bg brtfdoe wlfdl bppebrem

fg Jbgbiejegt Degtre Eurcpe E-Gewsoetter wrftteg ny tle butlcr.

Jbgbifgi ny prfgdfpoes — Meoo‖s wby

Ny Tuotbg @erjbooy, areeobgde wrfter bgm jbgbiejegt butlcr.

Fg Nusfgess Yee` 8a Gcvejner 4, >884, tlere fs b dcver stcry

cg Meoo egtftoem “Ylbt Vcu Mcg‖t @gcw Bncut Meoo‖. Fg tlfs brtfdoe

tle wrfters lfilofilt tle acoocwfgi sfx jbgbiejegt prfgdfpoes

Meoo lbve bmcptem bgm presegtem tlej bs “Jbgbiejegt sedrets

ca tle nest-rug dcjpbgy fg tedlgcociy‖. ]lese prfgdfpoes bre;

• Ne mfredt.

• Oebve tle eic bt tle mccr.

• Gc exduses.

• Gc ebsy tbriets.

• Gc vfdtcry obps.

• Ycrry bncut sbvfgi jcgey, gct sbvfgi abde.



Lcw mc tlese prfgdfpoes trbgsobte fgtc meveocpfgi bgm jbgbifgi

tboegt fg ycur cribgfsbtfcg bgm egbnoe ycu tc acrjuobte b tboegt meveo-

cpjegt strbteiy3

NE MF^ED]

Bddcrmfgi tc tle wrfters, wcr`ers bre suppcsem tc dlbooegie tlefr

ncsses bgm questfcg everytlfgi. Ylbt oesscgs dbg cribgfsbtfcgs

oebrg arcj tlfs prfgdfpoe3

Fg prbdtfde tlfs lbs fjpofdbtfcgs fg terjs ca redruftjegt bgm meveo-

cpjegt.

cribgfsbtfcgs bt tle redruftjegt stbie slcuom occ` acr pctegtfbo

ejpocyees wlc lbve b dlbooegifgi bttftume. Dlccsfgi bg expert fg

tle fleom fs flge nut testfgi acr fgterperscgbo dcjjugfdbtfcg fs bosc

fjpcrtbgt. Lcwever, cge slcuom bfj bt seoedtfgi fgmfvfmubos wftl

b dlbooegifgi jfgmset. ]lfs fs boo bncut fgmfvfmubo bttftume bgm egdcur-

bifgi sudl bg bttftume wftlfg tle dcgtext ca dcrpcrbte duoture tlbt

abdfoftbtes prcjctfgi sudl bg bttftume.

OEBQE ]LE EIC B] ]LE MCC^

Bddcrmfgi tc tle Nusfgess Yee` brtfdoe Meoo ‟abvcurs “twc-fg-b-ncx‖

jbgbiejegt fg wlfdl twc exedutfves slbre respcgsfnfofty acr

prcmudt, b reifcg, cr b dcjpbgy augdtfcg.‚

]lfs fs bncut wcr`fgi fg b tebj bgm bs b tebj jejner. Bddcrmfgi

tc Xeter Tegie, tle “iuru‖ ca Oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg, dcooedtfve

`gcwoemie fs drebtem ny wcr`fgi fg tebjs. Lcwever, nefgi b tebjjejner fs gct egcuil. Ylbt jbtters fs fgmfvfmubo bttftume tcwbrms

tle dcgdept ca tebj wcr`3 Cge lbs tc ne trbfgem tc ugmerstbgm tle

fjpcrtbgde ca tebj mygbjfds bgm pbrtfdfpbte fg prcmudtfve mfbociues

bgm mfsdussfcg. Bg “F bj fjpcrtbgt‖ cr “F bj bg expert‖ bttftume oebms

tccge‖s eic prevegtfgi tebj oebrgfgi bgm `gcwoemie drebtfcg.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 20/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE1

GC E\DUTET

]lfs fs bncut tb`fgi respcgsfnfofty bgm nefgi bddcugtbnoe acr cge‖s

bdtfcgs. Ejpocyees slcuom lbve tle dcurbie tc bmjft tlefr web`-

gesses bgm tbè bdtfcg tc jfgfjfse cr eofjfgbte tlej. ]lere slcuom

ne gc “tlej sygmrcje‖0 ft slcuom ne bncut bs`fgi tle questfcg “Ylbt

dbg F mc tc rescove tle prcnoej bt lbgm3‖. Bibfg tlfs requfres b pbrtfd-

uobr jfgmset bgm ejpcwerfgi duoture. ]lfs fs tle true gbture ca

ejpcwerjegt.

GC EBTV ]BÎE]T

Ejpocyees just dcgtrfnute tc prcflt bgm ircwtl. Fg prbdtfde tlfsjebgs fgdcrpcrbtfgi stretdl cnkedtfves fg bpprbfsbo pobgs. T.J.B.^.]

cnkedtfves fg tlfs dbse slcuom ne trbgsobtem bs Tpedffld bgm stretdl0

Jebsurbnoe bgm jebgfgiauo0 B ttbfgbnoe bgm bofigem0 êbofstfd bgm

tfje bgm ]briet reobtem.

GC QFD]C^V OBXT

‟]le acugmer‖s jbgtrb; “Deoenrbte acr b gbgcsedcgm, tleg jcve cg‖‚,

sby tle wrfters.

]lere bre gujercus stcrfes ca jbgy cribgfsbtfcgs lbvfgi wcg tctbo

qubofty bwbrms cr “Nest dcjpbgy tc wcr` acr‖ bwbrms wlc mrfat fgtc

dcjpobdegdy.

Bdlfevejegts slcuom ne acoocwem ny aurtler bdlfevejegts bgm tlfs

fg prbdtfde gedessftbtes fjpoejegtbtfcg ca tle dcgtfgucus fjprcve-

jegt prfgdfpoe.

YC^^V BNCU] TBQFGI JCGEV, GC] TBQFGI ABDE

Ejpocyees slcuom ne trbfgem tc “puoo tle poui cg mfsbppcfgtfgi gew

vegtures‖. Bibfg, tlfs requfres b nusfgess jfgmset bgm tcoerbgt duoture.

Abde sbvfgi fg jcmerg cribgfsbtfcgs stfes fggcvbtfcg bgm stcps

wlbt Xeter Mrudèr dbooem “drebtfve mestrudtfcg‖3



Meoo‖s jbgbiejegt prfgdfpoes bre b reedtfcg ca flve mfsdfpofges ca

tle oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg presegtem ny Xeter Tegie fg lfs ncc` “]le

Afatl Mfsdfpofge (2668). ]lese flve mfsdfpofges bre;

2 Xerscgbo jbstery (fgmfvfmubo ircwtl bgm oebrgfgi).

> Jegtbo jcmeos (bttftume bgm nelbvfcur).

4 Tlbrem vfsfcg (Mfredt bgm lcgest Dcjjugfdbtfcg).

= ]ebj oebrgfgi (drebtfgi sygeriy wftlfg tebjs).

5 Tystej tlfg`fgi (seefgi tle nfi pfdture — cribgfsbtfcgbo dcre

dcjpetegde).

Tegie‖s flve mfsdfpofges bgm Meoo‖s sfx jbgbiejegt prfgdfpoes mfredt

cribgfsbtfcgs tcwbrms acrjuobtfgi tboegt meveocpjegt strbteifes

acdussfgi cg tlree dcre dcjpcgegts — perscgbo meveocpjegt,

dcrpcrbte duoture bgm eaaedtfve oebmerslfp.

(Tuotbg @erjbooy fs b areeobgde wrfter bgm jbgbiejegt butlcr. Lfs

ncc` “Jbgbifgi bgm Meveocpfgi ]boegt‖ wfoo ne punofslem ny ]lcrc-iccm fg >88=.) Tcurde; Jbgbiejegt Degtre Eurcpe.

]le sunsequegt dlbpters reobte tc vbrfcus “iurus‖ cg jbgbifgi pecpoe.

]le ncttcj ofge ca jbgbifgi pecpoe fs jctfvbtfcg bgm oebmer-

slfp. F lbve seoedtem 2= iurus cg acur bspedts ca jbgbifgi pecpoe,

gbjeoy;

• jctfvbtfcg0

• oebmerslfp0

• duoture0 bgm

• `gcwoemie.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 22/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE<

Fg bmmftfcg, F lbve fgdoumem Dlbroes Lbgmy bgm Xeter Mrudèr wlc

lbve vbrfcus dcgtrfnutfcgs tc jbè cg mfaaeregt bspedts ca jbgbi-

fgi pecpoe. F lbm tc ne seoedtfve bgm sfgde tle fleom ca jbgbifgi pecpoe

fs sc vbst F lbve oeat cut jbgy bdbmejfd bgm dcrpcrbte iurus ofè Bomer-

aer, Ocdè, Obwoer, Tdlefg, Xbsdboe, Uorfdl, Rufgg, ]rcjpegbbrs, Dcvey,Kclg Lbrvey Kcges, Kbd` Yeodl, Nfoo Ibtes, Bgmrew Ircve, Brfe me

Ieus bgm sc cg. Tcje jby eveg fgdoume Mfonert fg tlfs ofst!

Lcwever,tle iurus seoedtem represegt boo tle ey fssues bgm mfjeg-

sfcgs ca jbgbifgi pecpoe eaaedtfveoy.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 23/178]YC AÊM^FD@ YFGTOCY ]BVOC^ (2<51-2625) 6

]YC

Aremrfd` Yfgsocw ]byocr

(2<51-2625)

‟]le sebrdl acr netter, acr jcre dcjpetegt jeg,

arcj tle presfmegts ca cur irebt dcjpbgfes mcwg

tc cur lcuselcom servbgts, wbs gever jcre

vficrcus tlbg ft fs gcw. Bgm jcre tlbg ever

neacre fs tle mejbgm acr dcjpetegt jeg fg exdess

ca tle suppoy.

Ylbt we bre boo occ`fgi acr, lcwever, fs tle rebmy-

jbme, dcjpetegt jbg0 tle jbg wlcj scjecge

eose lbs trbfgem. Ft fs cgoy wleg we auooy rebofse

tlbt cur muty, bs weoo bs cur cppcrtugfty, ofes fg

systejbtfdbooy dccperbtfgi tc trbfg bgm tc jbè

tlfs dcjpetegt jbg, fgstebm ca fg lugtfgi acr b

jbg wlcj scjecge eose lbs trbfgem, tlbt we slboone cg tle rcbm tc gbtfcgbo eafldfegdy.‚

AÊME^FD ]BVOC^; X^FGDFXOET CA TDFEG]FAFD JBGBIEJEG], 2622



Iuru‖s prcfloe

]byocr fs gct b iuru ca jbgbifgi pecpoe bs sudl, nut lfs dcgtrfnutfcg

bs b abtler ca sdfegtffld jbgbiejegt dbggct ne oeat cut bs ft acrjem tle

acugmbtfcg ca jbgbiejegt bgm sunsequegtoy ca pecpoe jbgbiejegt.

Aremerfd` ]byocr wbs ncrg fg 2<51. Lfs abtler wbs b obwyer bgm nctl

lfs pbregts were Rubèrs bgm neofevem fg pobfg ofvfgi.

Le wbs bg fgmustrfbo egifgeer bgm wbs trbfgem fg tle nbsfds ca plys-

fdbo sdfegdes. Le ict lfs egifgeerfgi meiree arcj Ttevegs Fgstftute

ca ]edlgcociy fg Gew Kersey wlfoe stfoo wcr`fgi auoo-tfje.

Le wcrèm fg b jetbo prcmudts abdtcry bs b jbdlfgfst, sunsequegtoy nedcjfgi b acrejbg. Bater sfx yebrs le nedbje resebrdl mfredtcr bgm

flgbooy bdlfevem tle pcsftfcg ca dlfea egifgeer.

Iuru‖s dcgtrfnutfcg

]byocr‖s ncc`, ]le Xrfgdfpoes ca Tdfegtffld Jbgbiejegt punofslem fg

2622, bmvcdbtem tle meveocpjegt ca tle sdfegde ca jbgbiejegt wftl

doebroy stbtem ruoes bgm obws, sdfegtffld seoedtfcg bgm trbfgfgi ca wcrèrs,

bgm tle mfvfsfcg ca tbs`s bgm respcgsfnfoftfes netweeg wcrèrs bgm

jbgbiejegt. ]byocr redcjjegmem tlbt tlere slcuom ne b metbfoem

bgboysfs ca ebdl kcn, usfgi tle tedlgfques ca jetlcm stumy bgm tfje

stumy fg crmer tc flgm tle jetlcm ca wcr`fgi tlbt wcuom nrfgi bncut

tle obriest bverbie rbte ca prcmudtfcg, tle sc dbooem “cge nest wby ‖.

Le bosc bmvcdbtem fssufgi wrftteg fgstrudtfcgs, trbfgfgi bgm fgdeg-

tfve pbyjegts fg crmer tc egsure tlbt kcns were peracrjem fg tle

bpprcvem jbgger.



Fg lfs testfjcgy tc tle Lcuse ca êpresegtbtfves Dcjjfttee, 262>,

le brtfduobtem acur prfgdfpoes ca sdfegtffld jbgbiejegt. ]lese bre;

2 ]le meveocpjegt ca sdfegde acr ebdl eoejegt ca b jbg‖s wcr`

tc repobde com jetlcms. Le bmvcdbtem ibtlerfgi ca `gcwo-

emie (jbfgoy tbdft gcwoemie ca wcr`jeg) fg crmer tc egbnoe

tle jbgbiejegt sfme tc jbgbie eaaedtfveoy.

> Tedcgmoy, le bmvcdbtem sdfegtffld seoedtfcg bgm trbfgfgi ca

wcr`jeg. Le wrcte ‟Ft nedcjes tle muty ca tlcse cg tle

jbgbiejegt‖s sfme tc meofnerbteoy stumy tle dlbrbdter, tle

gbture bgm tle peracrjbgde ca ebdl wcr`jeg wftl b vfew

tc flgmfgi cut lfs ofjftbtfcgs cg tle cge lbgm, nut eveg jcre

fjpcrtbgt, lfs pcssfnfoftfes acr meveocpjegt cg tle ctler lbgm0

bgm tleg, bs meofnerbteoy bgm bs systejbtfdbooy tc trbfg, leop

bgm tebdl lfs wcr`jbg, ifvfgi lfj, wlerever ft fs pcssfnoe,

tlcse cppcrtugftfes acr bmvbgdejegt wlfdl wfoo flgbooy egbnoe

lfj tc mc tle lfilest bgm jcst fgterestfgi bgm jcst prca-

ftbnoe dobss ca wcr` acr wlfdl lfs gbturbo bnfoftfes flt lfj, bgm

wlfdl bre cpeg tc lfj fg tle pbrtfduobr dcjpbgy fg wlfdl

le fs ejpocyem.‚

4 ]lfrmoy, le bmvcdbtem tle “nrfgifgi tcietler‖ ca tle sdfegde

bgm sdfegtffldbooy seoedtem wcr`jeg. Le bmvcdbtem dccper-

btfcg netweeg wcrèrs bgm jbgbiejegt.

= Afgbooy, le bmvcdbtem tle abfr bgm equbo mfvfsfcg ca wcr`

netweeg jbgbiejegt bgm wcrèrs.

Le refgacrdem lfs sdfegtffld prfgdfpoes ny ifvfgi exbjpoes ca pfi-

lbgmofgi bgm slcveoofgi. ]lese exbjpoes dbje arcj tle acoocwfgi

experfjegts wlfdl le dcgmudtem;

Le dcgmudtem lfs flrst experfjegt bt Jfmvboe Tteeo Dcjpbgy. ‟Le

cnservem tlbt ebdl wcrèr fg b ybrm drew usem lfs cwg slcveo eveg

tlcuil tley scjetfjes slcveooem bsles, scjetfjes frcg cre bgm ctler

tfjes dcbo. ]lfs jebgt tlbt tle wefilt ofatem per slcveo ocbm vbrfem,

mepegmfgi cg tle pbrtfduobr jbterfbo nefgi jcvem. Ny experfjegtfgi,

]byocr acugm tlbt tle jcst jbterfbo wbs jcvem fg b ifveg perfcm wleg


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 26/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2>

tle pbyocbm ca tle slcveo wbs bncut >2.5 pcugms. Le lbm tle dcjpbgy

nuy bg bsscrtjegt ca slcveos sc tlbt tle jcst bpprcprfbte sfze bgm

slbpe ca slcveo dcuom ne usem acr tle jbterfbo nefgi jcvem. Fg ebdl

dbse le jbme sure tlbt tle obrier slcveos usem acr bsles dbrrfem bncut

>2.5 pcugms bgm tlbt tle sjbooer cges usem acr frcg bre mfm tle sbje.]le fjjemfbte cutdcje ca tlfs sfjpoe dlbgie wbs fgdrebsem cutput

per wcrèr.

]le sedcgm experfjegt fgvcovem tle wcrèrs wlc lbgmoem pfi frcg

fgicts fg tle sbje steeo jfoo. Bater cnservfgi tle wcrèr le nedbje

dcgvfgdem tlbt cutput dcuom ne fgdrebsem ny fjprcvfgi lbgmofgi

jetlcms. Le neofevem tle lbgmoers were jb`fgi tle wrcgi jcvejegts,

wcr`fgi tcc lbrm bgm tcc ocgi, bgm restfgi tcc arequegtoy. ]byocr caaeremcge ca tle wcrèrs b ncgus fa le wcuom dccperbte ny acoocwfgi lfs mfred-

tfcgs cg lbgmofgi tle pfi frcg bgm tb`fgi rest nreb`s. Bater acoocwfgi

]byocr‖s mfredtfcgs tle wcrèr wbs bnoe tc fgdrebse lfs bverbie mbfoy

jcvejegt ca pfi frcg arcj 2>.5 tcgs tc =9 tcgs, bg fgdrebse ca gebroy

488 per degt. Bt tle sbje tfje, tle pfi frcg dbrrfer wlc pbrtfdfpbtem

fg tle experfjegt ebrgem bncut 18 per degt jcre pby. ]le resuot wbs

b ocwer obncr dcst per tcg dbrrfem, eveg tlcuil tle dbrrfer ebrgem jcre

jcgey per mby.‚ 2

Le neofevem tlbt tle sedret ca prcmudtfvfty wbs tc flgm tle rfilt tbs`

acr tle perscg bgm tleg tc ifve lfj flgbgdfbo fgdegtfve tc fgdrebse

prcmudtfvfty.

]byocr‖s fguegde fg tle breb ca jbgbiejegt wbs egcrjcus.

‟]byocr‖s fmebs were trbgsobtem fgtc prbdtfde rejbr`bnoy qufdòy — pbrtfd-uobroy ny Legry Acrm, b seoa-jbme jedlbgfd kust ofè ]byocr, bt lfs gew

abdtcry bt Lfilobgm Xbr`, fg b sunurn ca Metrcft. Bt tle sbje tfje,

]byocrfsj leopem tc slbpe tle durrfduouj bt b gew scrt ca emudbtfcgbo

fgstftutfcg, tle nusfgess sdlcco. ]le flrst nusfgess sdlcco, Ylbrtcg,

wbs set up bt tle Ugfversfty ca Xeggsyovbgfb fg 2<<2. ]le Ugfversfty

ca Dlfdbic bgm tle Ugfversfty ca Dbofacrgfb nctl estbnofslem ugmer-

2 Dbrveoo, Arem K (2698). “Lujbg êobtfcgs fg Nusfgess‖. ]le Jbdjfoobg Dcjpbgy. Xp=<



irbmubte sdlccos ca dcjjerde fg 2<66. Gew Vcr`‖s Ugfversfty‖s Tterg

Tdlcco ca Nusfgess, Mbrtjcutl‖s Bjcs ]ud` Tdlcco ca Nusfgess

Bmjfgfstrbtfcg bgm Lbrvbrm Irbmubte Tdlcco ca Nusfgess Bmjfgfs-

trbtfcg acoocwem fg tle gext medbme. ]le Jbgbiejegt êvfew wbs

acugmem fg 262<, tle Bjerfdbg Jbgbiejegt Bsscdfbtfcg fg 26>5. Ny egm ca tle Irebt Ybr, Brtlur M. Ofttoe, crfifgbooy bg egifgeerfgi flrj,

fgdoumem jbgbiejegt bmvfde bjcgi fts servfdes. Kbjes Jd@fgsey set

up lfs dcgsuotbgdy flrj fg 26>5.‚ >

Mrudèr‖s vfews cg sdfegtffld jbgbiejegt ‟ …Botcietler ft jby weoo ne tle jcst pcwerauo bs weoo bs tle jcst

obstfgi dcgtrfnutfcg Bjerfdb lbs jbme tc Yesterg tlcuilt sfgde tle

Aemerbofst Xbpers. Bs ocgi bs tle fgmustrfbo scdfety egmures, we slboo

gever ocse bibfg tle fgsfilt tlbt lujbg wcr` dbg ne stumfem systej-

btfdbooy, dbg ne bgboysem, dbg ne fjprcvem ny wcr` cg fts eoejegtbry

pbrts...Tdfegtffld jbgbiejegt wbs tlus cge ca tle irebt ofnerbtfgi,

pfcgeerfgi fgsfilts. Yftlcut ft b rebo stumy ca lujbg nefgis bt wcr` wcuom ne fjpcssfnoe. Yftlcut ft we dcuom gever, fg jbgbifgi wcrèr

bgm wcr`, ic neycgm iccm fgtegtfcgs, exlcrtbtfcgs cr tle “speem up‖.‚ 4

Mrudèr bosc drftfdfsem Tdfegtffld Jbgbiejegt bs nefgi very plfoc-

scplfdbo bgm egifgeerfgi nfbsem. Ft fs egifgeerfgi nfbsem fg tle segse

tlbt ft fs neofevem tlbt nedbuse we just bgboyse wcr` fgtc sjboo jctfcgs

ft just bosc ne cribgfsem fg b serfes ca sjboo jctfcgs ebdl peracrjem

ny bg fgmfvfmubo wcrèr. ]lfs fs gct ocifdbo. Ft dcgsfmers wcrèrs tcbdt bs jbdlfges.

Tdfegtffld jbgbiejegt bosc bssujes tlbt pobggfgi fs mfstfgdt arcj

mcfgi. ]lfs fs flge bgm ft fs cge ca ]byocr‖s vboubnoe fgsfilts. Lcwever,

ft mces gct jebg tlbt tle pobgger bgm tle mccr slcuom ne mfaaeregt

pecpoe.

> Jfdòetlwbft bgm Yccomrfmie (2661). “]le Yftdl Mcdtcrs‖. Lefgejbgg, Ocgmcg. Xp 9=.

4 Mrudèr (26<6). “]le Xrbdtfde ca Jbgbiejegt‖. Lefgejbgg Xrcaessfcgbo Xunofslfgi. Xp>9=.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 28/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2=

]byocr bgm jbgbifgi pecpoe

Eveg tlcuil ]byocr fs gct mfredtoy bsscdfbtem wftl “ Jbgbifgi

Xecpoe‖ — lfs acdus wbs cg jbgbifgi wcr` bgm wcr`ers — le mfm mrbw

bttegtfcg tc tle fjpcrtbgde ca seoedtfcg, trbfgfgi, dcjpegsbtfcg bgm

jctfvbtfcg, tle brebs mfredtoy reoevbgt tc jbgbifgi pecpoe fg tcmby‖s

egvfrcgjegt.

]byocr‖s fguegde fg tle breb ca jbgbiejegt wbs egcrjcus.

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Aremerfd` Yfgsocw ]byocr

• Ejpocyee prcnoejs bre usubooy bsscdfbtem wftl pccr

cribgfsbtfcg bgm jbgbiejegt.

• Ejpocyee seoedtfcg, trbfgfgi bgm dcjpegsbtfcg slcuom ne

icvergem ny sdfegtffld prfgdfpoes.

• Xerscgboftfes bgm s foos ca ejpocyees poby bg fjpcrtbgt pbrt

fg eglbgdfgi prcmudtfvfty.

• Ircup-jbme gcrjs fguegde tle nelbvfcur ca tle ejpocyees.

• ]le meveocpjegt ca ebdl wcr`jbg tc lfs irebtest plysf-dbo dbpbnfofty.

• Jbgbiejegt slcuom wcr` dccperbtfveoy fg b suppcrtfve rcoe.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 29/178]L^EE EO]CG JBVC (2<<8-26=6) 25

]L^EE

Eotcg Jbyc (2<<8-26=6)

‟Jbg‖s mesfre tc ne dcgtfgucusoy bsscdfbtem fg

wcr` wftl lfs aeoocws fs b strcgi, fa gct tle

strcgiest, lujbg dlbrbdterfstfd. Bgy mfsreibrm ca

ft ny jbgbiejegt cr bgy foo-bmvfsem bttejpt tc

meaebt tlfs lujbg fjpuose oebms fgstbgtoy tc scje

acrj ca meaebt acr jbgbiejegt ftseoa.‚

EO]CG JBVC

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Eotcg Jbyc, bg Bustrbofbg, wbs b prcaesscr ca Fgmustrfbo esebrdl bt

tle Lbrvbrm Irbmubte sdlcco ca Nusfgess Bmjfgfstrbtfcg.

Le nedbje abjcus acr tle Lbwtlcrge stumfes wlfdl le dcgmudtem

wftl lfs bsscdfbtes murfgi tle perfcm ca 26>= tc 264> bt tle Yesterg

Eoedtrfd Lbwtlcrge Ycr`s fg Dlfdbic.

Le wrcte lfs flrst ncc` fg 2644 dbooem “]le Lujbg Xrcnoejs ca bg

Fgmustrfbo Dfvfofsbtfcg‖ . Fg 26=5 le punofslem bgctler ncc` dbooem ]le

Tcdfbo Xrcnoejs ca bg Fgmustrfbo Dfvfofsbtfcg.




Jbyc nedbje abjcus acr lfs experfjegts wlfdl were `gcwg bs tle

Lbwtlcrge Experfjegts. ]le jbfg resebrdlers were Arftz ^cetl-

ofsnerier bgm Y. K. Mfd`scg. ]lese experfjegts were dcgmudtem bt

tle Yesterg Eoedtrfd Lbwtlcrge Ycr`s murfgi tle perfcm 26>= tc 264>.

Lfs flrst experfjegt (26>=-26>9) occèm bt tle eaaedts ca ofiltfgi cg

tle prcmudtfvfty ca wcrèrs fg mfaaeregt mepbrtjegts ca tle dcjpbgy.

Le set cut twc rccjs, cge experfjegtbo bgm tle ctler tle dcgtrco

rccj. Dlbgies were jbme fg tle fgtegsfty ca ofiltfgi fg tle experf-

jegtbo rccj. ]le resebrdlers flrst fgdrebsem tle ofilt tc bg extreje

nrfiltgess bgm tleg medrebsem tle ofilt ugtfo ft wbs very mfj. eibrm-oess ca tle vbrfbtfcgs fg tle fgtegsfty ca ofiltfgi, prcmudtfcg fgdrebsem.

Xrcmudtfcg eveg fgdrebsem fg tle dcgtrco rccj wleg tle ofiltfgi wbs

dcgstbgt.

]le sedcgm experfjegt (26>9-26>6) wbs acdusem cg tle eaaedts ca rest

perfcms cg cutput. Afve fgmfvfmubos were fgvcovem fg tlfs experfjegt.

]le experfjegt obstem tlree yebrs bgm murfgi tlfs perfcm tle

resebrdlers acugm tlbt tlere wbs bg fjprcvem prcmudtfvfty every tfjedlbgies were jbme.

êsebrdlers dcgdoumem tlbt tle dlbgies fg prcmudtfvfty were gct gedes-

sbrfoy reobtem tc dlbgies fg plysfdbo wcr`fgi dcgmftfcgs.

]le tlfrm experfjegt (26><-2648) fgvcovem tle jbss-fgtervfewfgi ca

ejpocyees fgvcovem fg vbrfcus experfjegts. ]le resebrdlers wbgtem

tc flgm cut abdtcrs ctler tlbg plysfdbo dcgmftfcgs wlfdl dcgtrfnutem

tc fgdrebsem prcmudtfvfty. ]lfs experfjegt oem resebrdlers tc dcgdoume

tlbt jcrboe wbs lfil murfgi tle experfjegt. ]le wcrèrs aeot spedfbo

nedbuse spedfbo bttegtfcg wbs nefgi pbfm tc tlej. ]c ne bsèm tc pbrtfd-

fpbte fg vbrfcus experfjegts jbme tlej aeeo tlbt scjecge wbs

fgterestem fg tlej.



Murfgi tle experfjegt perfcm wcrèrs bosc acrjem iccm fgterper-

scgbo reobtfcgslfps bgm tley egkcyem wcr`fgi fg ircups. ]le

resebrdlers bosc acugm cut tlbt ircup mygbjfds bgm ircup gcrjs

dcgtrfnutem tc fgdrebsem prcmudtfvfty.

Bt fgtervfewfgi stbie ‟ft wbs speemfoy mfsdcverem tlbt tle questfcg-

bgm-bgswer type ca fgtervfew wbs useoess fg tle sftubtfcg. Ycrèrs

wfslem tc tbo`, bgm tc tbo` areeoy ugmer tle sebo ca prcaessfcgbo dcgfl-

megde (wlfdl wbs gever bnusem) tc scjecge wlc seejem represegtbtfve

ca tle dcjpbgy cr wlc seejem, ny lfs very bttftume, tc dbrry butlcr-

fty. ]le experfegde ftseoa wbs ugusubo0 tlere bre aew pecpoe fg tlfs wcrom

wlc lbve lbm experfegde ca flgmfgi scjecge fgteoofiegt, bttegtfve bgm

ebier tc ofsteg, lcw tc bvcfm fgterruptfcg cr tle ifvfgi ca bmvfde, lcw iegerbooy tc bvcfm bgytlfgi tlbt jfilt put bg egm tc aree expressfcg

fg bg fgmfvfmubo fgstbgde. Tcje bpprcxfjbte ruoes tc iufme tle fgter-

vfewer fg lfs wcr` were tlereacre set mcwg. ]lese were, jcre cr oess,

bs acoocws;

2 Ifve ycur wlcoe bttegtfcg tc tle perscg fgtervfewem, bgm jbè

ft evfmegt tlbt ycu bre mcfgi sc.

> Ofsteg — mcg‖t tbo`.

4 Gever briue0 gever ifve bmvfde.

= Ofsteg tc;

• Ylbt le wbgts tc sby.

• Ylbt le mces gct wbgt tc sby.

• Ylbt le dbggct sby wftlcut leop.

5 Bs ycu ofsteg, poct cut tegtbtfveoy bgm acr sunsequegt dcrred-

tfcg tle pbtterg (perscgbo) tlbt fs nefgi set neacre ycu. ]c test

tlfs, arcj tfje tc tfje sujjbrfse wlbt lbs neeg sbfm bgm presegt

acr dcjjegt (e.i. “Fs tlfs wlbt ycu bre teoofgi je3‖). Bowbys

mc tlfs wftl tle irebtest dbutfcg, tlbt fs, dobrfay nut mc gct bmm

cr mfstcrt.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 32/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2<

1 êjejner tlbt everytlfgi sbfm just ne dcgsfmerem b perscgbo

dcgflmegde bgm gct mfvuoiem tc bgycge. (]lfs mces gct prevegt

mfsdussfcg ca b sftubtfcg netweeg prcaessfcgbo dcooebiues. Gcr

mces ft prevegt scje acrj ca punofd repcrt wleg mue predbu-

tfcg neeg tbèg.)‚=

]lese dcgdousfcgs bgm cnservbtfcgs oem tc tle acurtl experfjegt fg

264> — ]le Nbg` Yfrfgi Cnservbtfcgs ccj experfjegt. ]lfs exper-

fjegt fgvcovem 2= jeg ejpocyees mfvfmem fgtc tlree sun-ircups. ]lese

2= jeg were rejcvem arcj tle jbfg wfrfgi breb bgm were put fg b

spedfbo rccj. ]le wcr`fgi dcgmftfcgs fg tlfs rccj were tle sbje bs

tle wcr`fgi dcgmftfcgs fg b jbfg wfrfgi rccj.

]le resebrdlers acugm tlbt ircups stbrtem meveocpfgi tlefr ruoes bgm

nelbvfcur bgm lbm gcrjs acr prcmudtfcg oeveo. ]le supervfscrs

dcgdergem were pcweroess tc prevegt tlfs nelbvfcur meveocpfgi. Jeg

wlc mfm gct bmlere tc tlese gcrjs bgm exdeemem tlej were nrbgmem

“sobves‖ cr “speem fgis‖. ]lcse wlc aeoo neocw tle gcrjs were dbooem

“dlfseoers‖. ]le ircup‖s prcmudtfcg gcrjs were jcre fjpcrtbgt tlbg

wbie fgdegtfves.

]le flatl bgm flgbo experfjegt (2641) wbs dcgmudtem bater ]le Nbg`

Yfrfgi Cnservbtfcg ccj stumy. ]lfs experfjegt acdusem cg fjprcv-

fgi dcjpbgy dcjjugfdbtfcg bgm prcvfmem bg fgtegsfve dcugseoofgi

prcirbjje tc wcrèrs tc bmmress ejpocyee reobtfcgs.

Eveg tlcuil ]le Lbwtlcrge Fgvestfibtfcgs jbme Eotcg Jbyc

abjcus, tle cafldfbo bddcugt ca tle experfjegts wbs wrftteg ny cge

ca lfs Lbrvbrm dcooebiues bgm cge resebrdler.

= Xuil, M. T. (Em.) (2692). “cribgfsbtfcg ]lecry‖. Xegiufg Emudbtfcg.



Ylbt dcgdousfcgs dbg cge mrbw arcj

tle Lbwtlcrge esebrdles reobtfgi tc

jbgbifgi pecpoe3

• cribgfsbtfcgs lbve b “lujbg‖ eoejegt.

• ]lere fs b strcgi reobtfcgslfp netweeg wcrèr jcrboe bgm

tle qubofty ca supervfsfcg.

• ]lere bre abdtcrs ctler tlbg tle wcr egvfrcgjegt wlfdl baaedt

wcrèr jctfvbtfcg.

• Ycrèrs meveocp “fgacrjbo ircups‖ wftlfg tle cribgfsbtfcg.

• ]lese “fgacrjbo ircups‖ poby sfigffldbgt rcoes fg fguegdfgi

ircup jejners‖ nelbvfcur.

• “Fgacrjbo ircups‖ bre jcre pcwerauo tlbg acrjbo ircups.

• Bttftumes bgm aeeofgis ca wcrèrs fguegde prcmudtfvfty.

• Xecpoe‖s nelbvfcur jby mfaaer, mepegmfgi cg wletler tley

bre bdtfgi bs b ircup cr bs fgmfvfmubos.

• Ye gcw tbo` bncut “tle Lbwtlcrge Eaaedt‖ tc reedt tle dlbgi-

fgi nelbvfcur ca wcrèrs wleg scjecge tbès bg fgterest fg

tlej.

• Jbyc‖s experfjegts prcjptem jbgy ctler sunsequegt stumfes

cg wcrèrs‖ jcrboe, prcmudtfvfty bgm ircup mygbjfds.

• ]lese experfjegts bosc lbve b nebrfgi cg sunsequegt stumfescg tle types ca oebmerslfp.

• Ft prcjptem tle neifggfgi ca tle Lujbg eobtfcgs Tdlcco ca

Jbgbiejegt.

]lere lbve neeg jbgy drftfdfsjs ca tle wby tle Lbwtlcrge Exper-

fjegts lbve neeg fgterpretem. Tcje sby resebrdlers bmcptem

ugreofbnoe jetlcms acr vbofmbtfgi tle evfmegde presegtem. Jcst ca tle drftfdfsjs, lcwever, reobte tc tle jetlcmcocifes usem, nut every-


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 34/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE>8

cge wfoo biree bs tc tle fjpcrtbgde ca tle Lbwtlcrge Fgvestfibtfcgs

fg dcgtrfnutfgi tc tle ugmerstbgmfgi ca scdfc-psydlcocifdbo abdtcrs

baaedtfgi ejpocyee‖s nelbvfcur bt wcr`.

‟]le Lbwtlcrge Experfjegt neibg bs b stumy fgtc plysfdbo dcgmftfcgs

bgm prcmudtfvfty. Ft egmem bs b serfes ca stumfes fgtc scdfbo abdtcrs;

jejnerslfp ca ircups, reobtfcgslfps wftl supervfsfcg etd. Fts jcst sfigfa-

fdbgt flgmfgis slcwem tlbt scdfbo reobtfcgs bt wcr` were every nft bs

fjpcrtbgt bs jcgetbry fgdegtfves bgm iccm plysfdbo dcgmftfcgs. ]ley

bosc mejcgstrbtem tle pcwerauo fguegde ca ircups meterjfgfgi

nelbvfcur bt wcr`.‚ 5

Bre tle flgmfgis ca tle Lbwtlcrge

Experfjegts reoevbgt tcmby3

Jcst ca tle flgmfgis bre tb`eg acr irbgtem tcmby. Tcdfbo s`foos wftlfg

tle dcgtext ca wcr` bre bs fjpcrtbgt tcmby bs tley were efilt medbmes

bic. Bosc, wftlfg tle dcgtext ca nusfgess dcjpoexfty bgm fgdrebsfgi

Iocnbofsbtfcg, tle Lbwtlcrge Experfjegts rejfgm us tlbt ejpocy-

ees bre lujbg nefgis bgm tley lbve geems bgm expedtbtfcgs.

]le stumy ca tle ircups oebmfgi tc tle stumy ca tebjs bs we `gcw

tcmby cwes fts crfifgs tc tle Lbwtlcrge Experfjegts. ]le Lbwtlcrge

Experfjegts mrew cur bttegtfcg tc tle gbture ca tle fgacrjbo ircups,

bgm jcre fjpcrtbgtoy tc tle acrjbtfcg ca ircup gcrjs bgm tle fgu-

egde ca tlese gcrjs cg lujbg nelbvfcur.

Ye gcw tcmby tlbt ircup acrjbtfcg bgm meveocpjegt fgdcrpcrbtes

acur stbies. ]ley bre;

• Acrjfgi0

• Ttcrjfgi0

5 Dcoe, I. B. (26<1). “Jbgbiejegt ]lecry bgm Xrbdtfde “. MX Xunofdbtfcgs. Xp=9


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 35/178]L^EE EO]CG JBVC (2<<8-26=6) >2

• Gcrjfgi0 bgm

• Xeracrjfgi.

Fg Acrjfgi, stbie jejners ca tle ircup expocre tle scdfbo reobtfcgs

bgm strudture wftlfg tle ircup. Jejners nelbve mfaaeregtoy, scje

biiressfveoy bgm scje nedcje pbssfve fg tle expocrbtfcg stbie. Bt

tlfs stbie tle seems ca ircup fgteirbtfcg bgm dclesfcg bre nefgi

pobgtem.

]le Ttcrjfgi stbie fgvcoves dcgfdts wlfdl resuot arcj tle abdt tlbt

jejners ca tle ircup iet fgvcovem fg bssertfgi tlefr rcoes bddcrm-

fgi tc tlefr perscgboftfes, bttftumes bgm tlefr bspfrbtfcgs. Bt tlfs stbie

boo jejners iet fgvcovem fg kcd`eyfgi acr tlefr pcsftfcgs fg tle ircup.

Irbmubooy tley iet rfm ca dcgfdts bgm neifg tc acrjuobte ircup gcrjs.

Fg tle Gcrjfgi stbie, ircup vboues ejerie bgm boo jejners neifg

tc bddept b set ca ruoes tlbt wfoo icverg tle wby tley wfoo peracrj

tlefr rcoes. Ircup dcgacrjfty ejeries bgm, bs b dcgsequegde, ircup

sun-duoture dcjes fgtc exfstegde.

]le bddeptbgde bgm tle ugmerstbgmfgi ca ircup sun-duoture bre very

fjpcrtbgt arcj tle pcfgt ca vfew ca cribgfsbtfcgbo eaaedtfvegess. Fa

tlfs sun-duoture fs fg tuge wftl cribgfsbtfcgbo duoture tleg tle ircup

nedcjes very eaaedtfve fg bdlfevfgi tle cribgfsbtfcgbo cnkedtfves set.

Fg tle peracrjfgi stbie, tle ircup dclesfvegess lbs neeg meveo-

cpem bgm tle nelbvfcur ca tle ircup jejners fs mfredtem tcwbrms

bdlfevfgi cnkedtfves set acr tle tbs`.

Ugmerstbgmfgi ca ircup mygbjfds bgm ircup meveocpjegtbo stbies

fs very fjpcrtbgt. Ircup dclesfvegess mces gct dcje fgtc exfstegde

cver gfilt. Jbgy ircups lbve neeg bnbgmcgem wlfoe bt tle stcrj-

fgi stbie nedbuse tle “jbgbiejegt‖ aeot tlbt dcgfdts equbo abfoure.

]le eaaedtfvegess ca bgy ircup mepegms cg;

• strudture0

• tbs`s0


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 36/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE>>

• egvfrcgjegt0 bgm

• prcdess.

Ttrudture; tle sfze bgm dcjpcsftfcg jbtter very judl fg ircup acrjb-

tfcg. Fg cge utfofty fgmustry tle “jbgbiejegt‖ medfmem tc acrj b ircup

ca >=8 pecpoe. Ft abfoem tc bdt bs b ircup bgm gc wcgmer! Lcw dbg sudl

b ircup jbgbie fts mygbjfds eaaedtfveoy3 Dcjpcsftfcg ca tle ircup

bosc pobys b ey rcoe fg fts eaaedtfvegess. ]le iocnbo tebj wcuom mejbgm

juotf-gbtfcgbo bgm juotf-s`foos jejnerslfp, wlerebs, fg scje sftub-

tfcgs, sudl juotf-s`foos cr jfx ca gbtfcgboftfes jby gct ne gedessbry.

]bs`s; Ircups lbve tc lbve cnkedtfves tc prcvfme gedessbry mfred-

tfcg. Ebdl tbs` wfoo mejbgm mfaaeregt types ca s`foos bgm perscgboftfes.

Egvfrcgjegt ; Ircup eaaedtfvegess mepegms cg fgtergbo cribgfsbtfcgbo

egvfrcgjegt sudl bs fts strudture, jbgbiejegt styoe, dcjpetegdfes

bgm bosc extergbo egvfrcgjegt.

Xrcdess; Xrcdesses lbve tc ne put fg pobde tc bddcjjcmbte tle meveo-

cpjegtbo stbies ca ircup acrjbtfcg. Abdfoftbtfgi aree dcjjugfdbtfcg,

prcvfmfgi bmequbte suppcrt bgm dcbdlfgi, boo poby b ey rcoe fg ircup

suddess.

Tudl b acdus cg scdfc-psydlcocifdbo nelbvfcur wftlfg tle wcr` sftu-

btfcg lbs dcje bncut bs dcgsequegdes ca tle Lbwtlcrge Experfjegts.

Ircup strudture pobyem b ey rcoe fg tle 2618s bgm 2698s fg bmmress-

fgi “bm lcd‖ nusfgess fssues. ]ley nedbje “qubofty dfrdoes‖ ebdl

dcgsfstfgi ca bncut flve tc teg vcougteers wlc wcrèm ugmer tle supervfscr, jeetfgi cgde b wee` tc fmegtfay bgm scove wcr`-reobtem

prcnoejs. ]le ircwtl rbte ca qubofty dfrdoes murfgi tle 26<8s wbs

plegcjegbo. Ft fs estfjbtem tlbt fg tle ebroy 26<8s tlere were cge

jfoofcg qubofty dfrdoes bgm teg jfoofcg jejners.

]le stumy ca ircups lbs oem tc tle stumy ca tebjs bgm tebj peracrj-

bgde. Jbgy experts jbè b mfstfgdtfcg netweeg ircups bgm tebjs.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 37/178]LÊE EO]CG JBVC (2<<8-26=6) >4

1 @erjbooy, T (2661). “]ctbo Jbgbiejegt ]lfg`fgi‖. Nutterwcrtl-Lefgejbgg. Xp 42>.

B ircup nedcjes b tebj wleg tle acoocwfgi bttrfnutes bre tbèg cg

ncbrm;

• ‟]lere fs b trust bjcgi tebj jejners.

• ]lere fs b dcjjcg purpcse bgm vfsfcg.

• Tbdrffldes fg fgmfvfmubofty bre mejbgmem.

• ]lere fs b mfsdfpofge bgm iufmbgde tc wlbt fs bddeptbnoe bgm

wlbt fs gct bddeptbnoe.

• ]lere fs b spedffldbtfcg ca icbos bgm bsscdfbtem peracrjbgde

fgmfdbtcrs bgm jebsures.

• ]lere fs ircup bddcugtbnfofty.

• ]lere fs slbrfgi ca experfegde, gcwoemie bgm dcjjugfdbtfcg.

• ]lere fs ugrestrfdtem fgterperscgbo dcjjugfdbtfcg.

• ]lere fs dcjjftjegt bgm fgvcovejegt.‚ 1

Tc, tcmby, wleg we stumy tebjs bgm ircups we just gct acriet tle

fjpcrtbgde ca scdfbo reobtfcgs bgm tle fjpcrtbgde ca wcrèrs‖ bttf-

tumes bgm nelbvfcur, tle abdtcrs wlfdl lbve neeg nrcuilt tc cur

bttegtfcg ny tle Lbwtlcrge Experfjegts.

]le ctler fjpbdt tle experfjegts oeat us fs tle plegcjegcg ca “tle

Lbwtlcrge Eaaedt ‖. ]lfs terj fs usem tc fgmfdbte tle dlbgie fg nelbv-

fcur bgm jcrboe ca ejpocyees wlfdl resuot arcj jbgbiejegt tb`fgi

bg fgterest fg tlej. ]lfs eaaedt slcuom ne dcgsfmerem wlegever we

dcgmudt bgy fgvestfibtfcg cg lujbg reobtfcgs.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 38/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE>=

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Eotcg Jbyc

• Xecpoe ofè tc aeeo fjpcrtbgt bgm lbve tlefr wcr` redcigfsem.

• ]ley ofè tc ne prbfsem rbtler tlbg nobjem.

• ]ley of e tc ne dcgsuotem bgm ne fgvcovem fg medfsfcg-jb fgi.

• ]ley lbve b segse ca neocgifgi bgm ofè tc neocgi tc b ircup.

Fg b `gcwoemie scdfety tley ofè tc acrj bgm neocgi tc

dcjjugftfes ca prbdtfde.

• Ycrèrs lbve b strcgi geem tc dccperbte bgm dcjjugf-

dbte. cribgfsbtfcgs slcuom dbpftbofse cg tlfs geem tc drebtebgm slbre `gcwoemie fg crmer tc wfg bgm sustbfg dcjpet-

ftfve bmvbgtbie.

• B jbkcr precddupbtfcg ca jbgbiejegt slcuom ne tc

meveocp bgm sustbfg dccperbtfcg. Fg jcmerg kbricg, jbgbie-

jegt slcuom prcvfme dcugseoofgi bgm dcbdlfgi.

• Tcdfbo s`foos bre fjpcrtbgt acr jbgbiejegt fg tle `gcwo-

emie erb. Bddcrmfgi tc Jbyc, ‟Butlcrfty tlereacre, fg bdtubo

exerdfse mejbgms b dbpbdfty acr vfsfcg bgm wfse iufmbgde

tlbt just ne re-bdlfevem mbfoy0 sfgde tle dccperbtfcg ca

ctlers fs b vftbo eoejegt fg ft, scdfbo ugmerstbgmfgi bgm scdfbo

s`foos bre fgvcovem equbooy wftl tedlgcocifdbo bgm dbpbdfty…‚9

9 Eotcg Jbyc (26=5). “]le Tcdfbo Xrcnoejs ca bg Fgmustrfbo Dfvfofsbtfcg‖. Gew Lbjpslfre; Byer.

Xp 58.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 39/178ACU^ BN^BLBJ JBTOCY (268<-2698) >5

ACU^

Bnrblbj Jbsocw (268<-2698)

‟Ylbt b jbg dbg ne, le just ne.‚

BN^BLBJ JBTOCY

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Bnrblbj Jbsocw redefvem lfs Xl.M. fg Xsydlcociy fg 264=/45 arcj

tle Ugfversfty ca Yfsdcgsfg. Lfs mfssertbtfcg wbs cg ]le coe ca Mcjf-

gbgde fg tle Tcdfbo bgm Texubo Nelbvfcur ca Fgarb-lujbg Xrfjbtes. Le

oedturem bt Nrcc`oyg Dcooeie wlere le jet jbgy Eurcpebg fgteooed-tubos fgdoumfgi Bmoer. Le wbs cg tle abduoty ca Nrcc`oyg Dcooeie arcj

2649 tc 2652. Arcj 2652 le servem bs b dlbfr ca tle psydlcociy mepbrt-

jegt bt Nrbgmefs Ugfversfty. Le wbs tlere ugtfo 2612. Bater tlbt le

returgem tc Dbofacrgfb wlere le mfem ca b lebrt bttbd` fg 2698.


Jbsocw punofslem extegsfveoy tlrcuilcut lfs prcaessfcgbo ofae. Le

dbrrfem cut b oct ca stumfes cg prfjbtes nut bater lfs Xl.M. le medfmem

tc acdus lfs stumfes cg lujbg jctfvbtfcg.

Fg 26=4 le punofslem b pbper, B ]lecry ca Lujbg Jctfvbtfcg, fg wlfdl

le put acrwbrm lfs geems tlecry wlfdl fs `gcwg bs “Jbsocw‖s Lfer-

brdly ca Geems‖. ]lfs tlecry, wftl scje jcmffldbtfcg, fs vbofm tcmby


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 40/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE>1

fg ugmerstbgmfgi lujbg jctfvbtfcg bgm acrjs tle nbsfs ca lujbg

jctfvbtfcg trbfgfgi. ]le tlecry lbs nedcje tle acugmbtfcg ca jbgbi-

fgi pecpoe. Ft prcvfmes fgsfilts acr jbgbiers fgtc wlbt jbès pecpoe

tfd` bgm jctfvbtes tlej.

Jbsocw‖s lferbrdly ca geems fg b gutsleoo

Bddcrmfgi tc Jbsocw ebdl ca us fs jctfvbtem ny geems. ]lese geems

bre fggbte. Le presegts tlese geems fg b pyrbjfm acrj dcgsfstfgi ca

flve oeveos. Le dbteicrfsem tlese geems bs plysfcocifdbo geems, sbaety

geems, neocgifgi bgm ocve, esteej geems bgm seoa-bdtubofsbtfcg

geems. ]lese geems bre aurtler dbteicrfsem bs mefldft geems bgm nefgi

geems.

]le geems bre lferbrdlfdbooy strudturem bgm tley bdt bs jctfvbtcrs.

]lefr brrbgiejegt wftlfg tle lferbrdly mepegms cg tle uriegdy bgm

prfcrfty tc fgmfvfmubos.

‟Acr tle jbg wlc fs extrejeoy bgm mbgiercusoy lugiry, gc ctler fgter-est exfsts nut accm. Le mrebjs ca accm, le rejejners accm, le tlfg`s

bncut accm, le ejctes bncut accm, le perdefves cgoy accm, bgm le wbgts

cgoy accm…..Acr cur dlrcgfdbooy bgm extrejeoy lugiry jbg, Utcpfb

dbg ne meflgem bs b pobde wlere tlere fs poegty ca accm. Le fgtegms tc

tlfg` tlbt, fa cgoy le fs iubrbgteem accm acr tle rest ca lfs ofae, le wfoo

ne peraedtoy lbppy bgm wfoo gever wbgt bgytlfgi jcre. Ofae ftseoa tegms

tc ne meflgem fg terjs ca ebtfgi. Bgytlfgi eose wfoo ne meflgem bs ugfj-

pcrtbgt… Tudl b jbg jby abfroy ne sbfm tc ofve ny nrebm bocge… Nut

wlbt lbppegs tc jbg‖s mesfres wleg tlere fs poegty ca nrebm bgm wleg

lfs neooy fs dlrcgfdbooy flooem3 Bt cgde ctler (bgm “lfiler‖) geems ejerie

bgm tlese, rbtler tlbg plysfcocifdbo lugier, mcjfgbte tle cribgfsj.‚ <

< “B ]lecry ca Lujbg Jctfvbtfcg‖. Xsydlcocifdbo êvfew 58, pp 498-461.



Xlysfcocifdbo geems

Bfr, accm, mrfg`, sleoter, wbrjtl bgm sex boo dcje ugmer plysfcoci-

fdbo geems. Boo fgmfvfmubos lbve tlese geems bgm tley lbve tc ne jet.

Fa ugauoflooem tleg fgmfvfmubos wcuom gct ne jctfvbtem tc jcve up tle

lferbrdly. Jcst ca tlefr bdtfvftfes wfoo ne dcgflgem tc auofloofgi tlese

geems. ]lese geems dcgstftute tle iegerbo weoo-nefgi ca fgmfvfmubos.

Vcu dbg see jbgy exbjpoes ca pecpoe sebrdlfgi acr plysfcocifdbo geems

fg scje pccr dcugtrfes. ]le butlcr wbs ncrg fg [bgzfnbr bgm le lbs

experfegdem bgm wftgessem pcverty fg jbgy mfjegsfcgs.

Tbaety geems

Cgde plysfcocifdbo geems bre sbtfsflem tleg sbaety geems nedcje

premcjfgbgt. ]lese geems reedt areemcj arcj plysfdbo mbgiers.

]le butlcr fs icfgi tlrcuil tle sedcgm abtlerlccm. Lfs tlree yebr

com mbuilter nelbves geibtfveoy fa sle aeeos sle fs fg b tlrebtegfgiegvfrcgjegt.

Bs abr bs fgmfvfmubos bre dcgdergem tlese geems reobte tc ofvfgi fg b

sbaer egvfrcgjegt, occ`fgi acr kcn sedurfty, jb`fgi prcvfsfcgs acr

pegsfcgs etd.

Neocgifgi bgm ocve geems

]lese geems reobte tc tle mesfre tc neocgi fg b ircup, abjfoy, cribg-

fsbtfcg, reobtfcgslfp etd.

]lese geems acdus cg tle scdfbo bspedts ca tle wcr` bgm gcg-wcr`

egvfrcgjegt. Fg tle Lbwtlcrge Experfjegts, we gctem tle fjpcr-

tbgde ca scdfbo reobtfcgslfps wftlfg tle ircup egvfrcgjegt.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 42/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE><

cribgfsbtfcgs prcvfme dcaaee nreb`s, cribgfse vbrfcus acrjs ca

cutfgis, scdfbo jeetfgis etd. fg crmer tc bddcjjcmbte tlese geems

wftlfg tle wcr` egvfrcgjegt. Fgterperscgbo reobtfcgs brfse fg wcr`

sftubtfcgs bs b dcgsequegde ca tlese geems.

Cutsfme cribgfsbtfcgs we aeeo tle geem tc acrj arfegmslfps, tc neocgi

tc b doun cr scdfbo ircup, geem tc ocve bgm tc ne ocvem. ]le geem acr

ocve fs gct tle sbje bs tle geem acr sex. Auoflojegt ca sexubo mesfres

dcjes ugmer tle dbteicry ca plysfcocifdbo geems. Ocve fgvcoves baaed-

tfcgbte reobtfcgslfps wftl ctler pecpoe.

Fa we dcgsfmer sftubtfcgs ca expbtrfbtes bgm fjjfirbgts, we wfoo cnserve

tlbt ircups ca fjjfirbgts bgm expbtrfbtes acrj tlefr cwg dcjju-

gftfes fg “acrefig‖ dcugtrfes tc sbtfsay sedurfty geems nut bosc, jcst

fjpcrtbgtoy, “neocgifgi geems‖. ]ley acrj tlefr cwg douns, tlefr cwg

gefilncurlccms bgm sc cg.

Esteej geems

]lese geems reobte tc tle geem tc aeeo iccm bncut cges seoa. Bg fgmf-

vfmubo mesfres tc jbster lfs cr ler cwg wcr`. Le cr sle wbgts tc aeeo

dcgflmegt, bmequbte bgm dbpbnoe. Fg b wcr` sftubtfcg fa tlese geems

bre gct jet, bg fgmfvfmubo ocses dcgflmegde fg lfj cr lerseoa bgm

bssujes b segse ca fgaerfcrfty. Yleg ycu dcgstbgtoy teoo ycur stbaa

tley bre useoess tley mc nedcje useoess nedbuse tley ocse dcgflmegde

bgm tlefr seoa-esteej.

Ybgtfgi tc ne redcigfsem bgm wbgtfgi tc ne respedtem dcgstftute

bspedts ca esteej geems.



Teoa-bdtubofsbtfcg geems

‟Eveg fa boo tlese geems bre sbtfsflem, we jby stfoo categ (fa gct bowbys) expedt

tlbt gew mfsdcgtegt bgm restoessgess wfoo sccg meveocp, ugoess tle fgmf-

vfmubo fs mcfgi wlbt le fs flttem acr. B jusfdfbg just jbè jusfd, bg brtfst

just pbfgt, b pcet just wrfte, fa le fs tc ne uotfjbteoy lbppy. Ylbt b jbg

dbg ne, le just ne. ]lfs geem we jby dboo seoa-bdtubofsbtfcg.‚ 6

]lese geems reedt tle mesfre tc bdlfeve cge‖s pctegtfbo. Ft fs b dcjpoex

mrfve wlfdl jbgfaests fg mfaaeregt acrjs fg mfaaeregt fgmfvfmubos.

Ft fs fjpcrtbgt tc gcte tlbt gct boo fgmfvfmubos pcssess tlese mrfves.

]le type ca pecpoe tlbt lbm seoa-rebofsbtfcg bgm seoa-bdtubofsbtfcg geemswere pecpoe ofè Bnrblbj Ofgdcog, Jblbtjb Ilbgmf bgm Bonert

Efgstefg. ]lese types ca pecpoe lbve tle acoocwfgi dlbrbdterfstfds;

• ]ley lbve b doebr perdeptfcg ca rebofty.

• ]ley bre prcnoej-degtrem fg tlbt tley trebt prcnoejs bs dlbo-

oegies wlfdl mejbgm scoutfcgs.

• ]ley bre ugfque bgm vboue butcgcjy.

• ]ley aeeo tlbt tle egms tlbt cge bmcpts mc gct gedessbrfoy kustfay

tle jebgs.

• ]ley reoy cg tlefr cwg experfegdes bgm vboues.

• ]ley pcssess dcjpbssfcg bgm lujbgfty.

• ]ley ofè tc acrj fgtfjbte perscgbo reobtfcgs.

• ]ley bddept pecpoe bs tley bre rbtler tlbg bs tley wcuom wfsl

tlej tc ne.

• ]ley bre drebtfve bgm crfifgbo fg tlefr tlfg`fgi.

6 B. L. Jbsocw “B ]lecry ca Lujbg Jctfvbtfcg.‖ Xsydlcocifdbo êvfew, Qco. 58 (26=4). Xp498-

461.



Xecpoe wlc ofve fg pcverty cr fg bg ugsbae egvfrcgjegt mc gct wcrry

cr tlfg` bncut seoa-rebofsbtfcg geems. ]ley bre acdussem cg bdlfev-

fgi plysfcocifdbo bgm, jcre fjpcrtbgt, sedurfty geems.

Xoebse Gcte; ‟]le geem acr seoa-rebofsbtfcg dbg fjpcse upcg tle fgmf-

vfmubo strcgier ncgms ca seoa-mfsdfpofge tlbg dcuom ne egacrdem ny

scjecge eose. Ft dbg jbè b perscg mfssbtfsflem wftl lfs cwg peracrj-

bgde wleg ctlers prbfse ft. Ofè ctler lujbg geems ca jcre nbsfd prfcrfty,

tle mrfve acr seoa-rebofsbtfcg dbg lbve pftaboos acr tle fgmfvfmubo. Fg tle

extreje, ft dbg nedcje bg cnsessfcg resuotfgi fg psydlcocifdbo cr eveg

plysfdbo seoa-mestrudtfcg. Bt oesser oeveos ca meterjfgbtfcg, ft dbg jbè

bg fgmfvfmubo mfaafduot tc wcr` wftl acr bgy prcocgiem fgtervbo.

Arequegtoy, ft jby oebm tc eddegtrfd nelbvfcur wlfdl ctlers flgm bobrj- fgi cr bggcyfgi. Teoa-rebofsbtfcg bs b mrfve dbg jbgfaest ftseoa fg jcmes

ca nelbvfcur wlfdl rbgie arcj nefgi b peraedtfcgfst tc nefgi pcwer-

lugiry.‚ 28

Lcwever, bs lujbg nefgis bre perpetubooy wbgtfgi nefgis, boo geems

bre gever auooy irbtfflem.

Bddcrmfgi tc Jbsocw tlese geems bre brrbgiem fg b lferbrdly ca

“prepctegdy‖ tlbt fs fg tle uriegdy ca tle mrfve.

Cver tle yebrs tle dobssffldbtfcg ca geems lbs neeg extegmem. Lcwever,

tle crfifgbo versfcg fs usem ny jbgy trbfgers fg tle fleom.

28 Arem K. Dbrveoo (2698). “Lujbg êobtfcgs fg Nusfgess‖. ]le Jbdjfoobg Dcjpbgy. Xp92


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 45/178ACU^ BN^BLBJ JBTOCY (268<-2698) 42

Drftfdfsjs ca Jbsocw‖s tlecry

Tcje resebrdlers lbve gct acugm tle exfstegde ca b lferbrdly ca geems,

botlcuil tley mc gct briue tlbt geems mc exfst.

Fg prbdtfde tlere fs bg cverobp ca geems. Xecpoe bre mrfveg ny jbgy

geems sfjuotbgecusoy. Jbsocw lbm gct dcgsfmerem duoturbo mfaaeregdes

tlbt exfst fg lujbg geems.

Tcje pecpoe lbve briuem tlbt wleg ycu dcgsfmer wlbt fs lbppeg-

fgi fg Bailbgfstbg bgm Frbq gcw tlbt pecpoe bre eefgi bwby arcj

tlefr lcjes fg crmer tc flgm sbaety bgm tc sedure iccm auture acr tlej-

seoves bgm tlefr dlfomreg.

Fg scje dbses scje pecpoe ofè êjnrbgmt bgm Qbg Icil wegt cut

ca tlefr wby tc jeet seoa-bdtubofsbtfcg geems wlfoe stfoo struiiofgi tc

jeet plysfcocifdbo geems.

Fa cge wbtdles tle meveocpjegt ca dlfomreg, tley mc strfve acr seoa-

rebofsbtfcg geems bs tley meveocp. Jbsocw‖s dcgdept ca seoa-bdtubofsbtfcg

geems fs very ofjftem, bppoyfgi tc twc perdegt ca tle pcpuobtfcg.

Fa ycu dcgsfmer tle dbse ca Geoscg Jbgmeob, le wbs meterjfgem tc

bdlfeve lfs seoa-bdtubofsbtfcg geems fg b sftubtfcg wlere lfs sedurfty

bgm neocgifgi geems were gct jet.

Fg cur jcmerg dofjbte kcn sedurfty lbs nedcje b dbuse acr dcgderg.

Fg tlfs sftubtfcg ejpocyees meveocp geems acr sedurfty bgm seoa-bdtu-

bofsbtfcg dcgdurregtoy.

B wcrm ca dbutfcg

Fg usfgi Jbsocw‖s Lferbrdly ca Geems tbè dbre tc dcgsfmer tle dcgtext

ca tle sftubtfcg ycu bre mebofgi wftl. B arfegm ca jfge ict lfs Nusf-

gess Jbgbiejegt meiree bgm wbs prcjctem tc b jbgbier ca b

weoo-`gcwg lcteo bgm wbs segt tc Jcjnbssb, @egyb tc jbgbie b

rescrt lcteo tlere.



Le bppofem tle Lferbrdly ca Geems tc jctfvbte bgm redruft lfs stbaa.

Bater caaerfgi wlbt le tlcuilt tc ne b abfr wbie, le tleg medfmem tc

prcjcte scje ca lfs stbaa bgm ibve tlej ugfacrjs bgm tftoes nut wftlcut

fgdrebsfgi tlefr wbies. Le tlcuilt le wcuom jctfvbte tlej ny bddcj-

jcmbtfgi tlefr “neocgifgi geems‖.

Le wbs surprfsem wleg jcst ca tlese prcjctem stbaa oeat lfj tc ic

bgm mc jbgubo kcns eosewlere tc fgdrebse tlefr fgdcje. Ylbt le mfm

gct rebofse, fs tlbt acr tlese stbaa wlbt jbtterem jcst were plysfc-

ocifdbo bgm sedurfty geems0 jb`fgi jcre jcgey tc occ` bater tlefr

abjfofes. ]ley oeat tlefr vfoobies tc ic tc tcwgs tc ebrg jcgey tc aeem

tlefr abjfofes.

Lbvfgi oebrgt tlfs oesscg le ict dbuilt up bibfg. Le medfmem tc fgdrebse

tlefr wbies every yebr. Fg scje dbses, bs fgmfvfmubos redefvem jcre

jcgey scje ca tlej medfmem gct tc ic tc wcr` bgm tb`e scje mbys

caa. Fg ctler wcrms bnsegteefsj fgdrebsem. ]lese pecpoe were wfoofgi

tc ocse scje ca tlefr fgdcje bgm fgstebm egkcy oefsure tfje. Fg tlfs

sftubtfcg le dcuom gct see wlbt le wbs mcfgi wrcgi. Le sunsequegtoy

acugm cut tlbt scje ca lfs stbaa lbm tle dcgdept ca “tbriet fgdcje‖

tlbt fs, cgde tley redefvem wlbt tley geemem tc jbfgtbfg tlefr abjf-

ofes, tley mfm gct wbgt tc ebrg bgy jcre. Fg dertbfg trfnbo sun-duotures

tlfs tbriet fgdcje plegcjegcg exfstem.

Ft fs very fjpcrtbgt, tlereacre, tc ugmerstbgm tle gbtfcgbo duoturbo

bgm fgmfvfmubo mfaaeregdes neacre icfgi boo speem tc bppoy Jbsocw‖s

lferbrdly.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 47/178ACU^ BN^BLBJ JBTOCY (268<-2698) 44

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Bnrblbj Jbsocw

• Fa we mfsreibrm drftfdfsjs fg reobtfcg tc jetlcmcociy bgm

lferbrdly, Jbsocw‖s tlecry lbs jbme b sfigffldbgt fjpbdt

cg tlcse wlc lbve tc jbgbie pecpoe.

• Le jbme us bwbre ca mfaaeregt types ca geems bgm tlfs fs

bs vbofm tcmby bs ft wbs wleg le wrcte bncut tlej.

• Fg tlfs gcwoemie erb we ejplbsfse tle geem bgm tle fjpcr-

tbgde ca `gcwoemie slbrfgi bgm `gcwoemie drebtfcg.

Ejpocyees wcuom ne wfoofgi tc drebte bgm slbre gcwoemie

fa tlefr geems bre jet. @gcwoemie wcr`ers geem redcigf-tfcg bgm respedt, bgm tley bosc geem tc jeet tlefr

seoa-bdtubofsbtfcg geems. ]lese geems jby gct ne fg b acrj

ca lferbrdly nut, gevertleoess, tlese geems exfst bgm tley

lbve neeg jbme bwbre tc us ny Jbsocw.

• Ye bosc tbo bncut tle “dcjjugftfes ca prbdtfde‖ wftlfg tle

dcgtext ca gcwoemie jbgbiejegt. Cge ca tle rebscgs acr

tle acrjbtfcg ca tle dcjjugftfes ca prbdtfde fs tle segseca neocgifgi bgm redcigftfcg requfrem ny jejners ca sudl

dcjjugftfes.

• Jbsocw‖s tlecry bosc mfredts cur bttegtfcg tc bs` “Ylbt

lbppegs fa tle geems bre gct jet3‖ Yftlfg tle cribgfsb-

tfcgbo dcgtext, fg crmer tc jbgbie pecpoe eaaedtfveoy, we

lbve tc dcgsfmer tle dcgsequegdes ca ugjet geems bgm oebrg

lcw tc lbgmoe sudl sftubtfcgs. Ugjet geems dbuse dcgfdtbgm arustrbtfcg bgm bs b dcgsequegde tle fgmfvfmubos

fgvcovem mc gct ifve tlefr nest.

• Dcugseoofgi bgm dcbdlfgi tedlgfques ifve us bg fgsfilt fgtc

wlbt jb`es pecpoe tfd`. Ye try tc ibfg fgsfilts fgtc tlefr

geems bgm nelbvfcur bgm prcvfme prcper bgm bmequbte

mfredtfcg.



• Fg jbgbifgi pecpoe tcmby we slcuom gct rekedt lfs tlecry

bs nefgi com cr fgbpprcprfbte. Of`e bgy ctler tlecry ft lbs

fts useauogess fa ft fs bmbptem tc bddcjjcmbte tle dlbgi-

fgi dcgtext.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 49/178AFQE MCUIOBT JDI^EIC^ (2681-261=) 45

AFQE

Mcuiobs JdIreicr (2681-261=)

‟Yftl every pbssfgi yebr, JdIreicr‖s

jessbie nedcjes ever jcre reoevbgt, tfjeofer

bgm jcre fjpcrtbgt.‚

XE]E^ M^UD@E^

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Mcuiobs JdIreicr wbs ncrg fg 2681 fg Metrcft, Jfdlfibg. Le wbs

cge ca tle acreabtlers ca dcgtejpcrbry jbgbiejegt tlfg`fgi. Le ict

lfs meirees arcj Ybyge Ttbte Ugfversfty bgm b Mcdtcrbte fg Exper-

fjegtbo Xsydlcociy arcj Lbrvbrm Ugfversfty. Le kcfgem Lbrvbrm

Ugfversfty bs b tutcr fg 2645 bgm fg 2649 oeat tc kcfg JF] flrst bs bg

fgstrudtcr bgm tleg ibfgfgi prcaesscrslfp fg 26=<. Arcj 26=< tc 265=

le wbs tle Xresfmegt ca Bgtfcdl. Le resfigem arcj lfs presfmegdy fg

265= tc rekcfg tle JF]. Le bosc ugmertcc` vbrfcus dcgsuotfgi bssfig-

jegts fg tle brebs ca lujbg bgm fgmustrfbo reobtfcgs.




Fg 2618 JdIreicr punofslem lfs ncc` “]le Lujbg Tfme ca Egterprfse‖ 22,

fg wlfdl le put acrwbrm twc sets ca bssujptfcgs fg reobtfcg tc lujbg

nelbvfcur . ]lese sets ca bssujptfcgs bre presegtem bs ]lecry \ bgm

]lecry V. Jbgbiejegt lbs tc use eftler set ca geems tc jctfvbte pecpoe.

Le ircupem Jbsocw‖s flve dbteicrfes ca geems fgtc “ocwer crmer‖ geems

fgdcrpcrbtfgi Xlysfcocifdbo bgm Tedurfty Geems, bgm “lfiler crmer‖

geems fgdcrpcrbtfgi Neocgifgi, Esteej bgm Teoa-bdtubofsbtfcg Geems.

Le bddepts tle pcfgt tlbt jbg fs b wbgtfgi bgfjbo. Bs sccg bs cge

ca lfs geems fs sbtfsflem, bgctler bppebrs fg fts pobde. ]lfs prcdess fs

ugegmfgi. Le, lcwever, jbès b pcfgt tlbt b sbtfsflem geem fs gct b

jctfvbtcr ca nelbvfcur.

Ofè Jbsocw, lfs tlecry ca jctfvbtfcg lbs lbm b sfigffldbgt fjpbdt

fg tle fleom ca jbgbifgi pecpoe. Le presegtem twc bpprcbdles tc

jbgbifgi pecpoe. ]le ]lecry \ bpprcbdl, wftl fts bsscdfbtem

bssujptfcgs, iegerbooy prcmudes pccr resuots bgm tle ]lecry V

bpprcbdl, wftl fts bsscdfbtem bssujptfcgs, prcmudes netter peracrj-

bgde bgm resuots. Lcw jbgbiers jbgbie pecpoe fg prbdtfde

mepegms cg wlbt bssujptfcgs tley jbè bncut wcrèrs. Fg b sftu-

btfcg wlere tley jbè ]lecry \ bssujptfcgs tley wfoo jbgbie pecpoe

ny mfredtfgi bgm dcgtrcoofgi tlej, wlerebs fg b sftubtfcg wlere tley

jbè ]lecry V bssujptfcgs tley wfoo jbgbie pecpoe ny fgvcovejegt

bgm ny meoeibtfgi respcgsfnfofty.

Tc wlbt bre tlese nbsfd bssujptfcgs jbme ny jbgbiers3

22 Mcuiobs JdIreicr (2618). “]le Lujbg Tfme ca Egterprfse‖. JdIrbw Lfoo.



]lecry \ bpprcbdl bgm fts bssujptfcgs

• Xecpoe fgleregtoy mfsof`e wcr`. Bs b dcgsequegde, tley lbve

tc ne tlrebtegem (usfgi mfsdfpofgbry bdtfcgs) neacre tley wcr`

lbrm bgm bosc tley lbve tc ne dcgtrcooem.

• ]le bverbie perscg preaers tc ne mfredtem bgm fs gct eeg cg

tb`fgi bgy respcgsfnfofty. Le cr sle fs fgterestem fg acdusfgi

cg jeetfgi sedurfty geems.

Le wrftes, ‟]lecry \ expobfgs tle dcgsequegdes ca b pbrtfduobr jbgb-

ierfbo strbteiy0 ft geftler expobfgs gcr mesdrfnes lujbg gbture botlcuil

ft purpcrts tc. Nedbuse fts bssujptfcgs bre sc uggedessbrfoy ofjftfgi, ft prevegts cur seefgi tle pcssfnfoftfes fgleregt fg ctler jbgbierfbo strbte-

ifes. Ylbt scjetfjes bppebr tc ne gew strbteifes — medegtrbofsbtfcg,

jbgbiejegt ny cnkedtfves, dcgsuotbtfve supervfsfcg, “ mejcdrbtfd oebm-

erslfp‖ — bre usubooy gctlfgi nut com wfge fg gew ncttoes nedbuse tle

prcdemures meveocpem tc fjpoejegt tlej bre merfvem arcj tle sbje

fgbmequbte bssujptfcgs bncut lujbg gbture. Jbgbiejegt fs dcgstbgtoy

nedcjfgi mfsfoousfcgem wftl wfmeoy tcutem bgm expertoy jerdlbgmfsem

“gew bpprcbdles‖ tc tle lujbg sfme ca egterprfse. ]le rebo mfaflduoty

fs tlbt tlese gew bpprcbdles bre gc jcre tlbg mfaaeregt tbdtfds —

prcirbjs, prcdemures, ibmiets — wftlfg bg ugdlbgiem strbteiy nbsem

cg ]lecry \.‚ 2>

]lecry V bpprcbdl bgm fts bssujptfcgs

• Ft fs gbturbo acr lujbg nefgis tc put eaacrt fgtc wcr .

• Dcgtrco bgm pugfsljegt bre gct tle cgoy wbys tc jb`e pecpoe

wcr`.

2> M. T. Xuil (Em) (2692). “cribgfsbtfcg ]lecry‖. Xegiufg. Xp424.



• B perscg wfoo mfredt lfjseoa cr lerseoa fa tley bre dcjjfttem

tc tle cribgfsbtfcgbo cnkedtfves bgm tle kcn fs sbtfsayfgi.

• ]le bverbie perscg wfoo tbè respcgsfnfofty fa tlere were prcper

dcgmftfcgs.

• Ejpocyees of e tc use tlefr fjbifgbtfcg bgm drebtfvfty tc jbè

medfsfcgs tc scove prcnoejs.

]le use ca tle twc bpprcbdles mepegms cg tle dfrdujstbgdes. Fg b

sftubtfcg wlere wcrèrs lbve tc ne dcgtrcooem tleg tle ]lecry \

bpprcbdl nedcjes bpprcprfbte. ]lfs jfilt ne tle dbse, sby cg tle

slcp ccr.

Fg b sftubtfcg wlere ft fs pcssfnoe tc iet dcjjftjegt arcj ejpocy-

ees tleg tle ]lecry V bpprcbdl fs redcjjegmem. Fg sudl sftubtfcgs

ejpocyees wfoo bssuje seoa-mfredtfcg bgm dcgtrco tc dbrry cut tlefr

wcr`.

Lcwever, JdIreicr wrcte, ‟Jbgy stbtejegts lbve neeg jbme tc tle

eaaedt tlbt we lbve bdqufrem tcmby tle `gcw-lcw tc dcpe wftl vfrtu-

booy bgy tedlgcocifdbo prcnoejs wlfdl jby brfse, bgm tlbt tle jbkcr

fgmustrfbo bmvbgdes ca tle gext lboa degtury wfoo cddur cg tle lujbg

sfme ca egterprfse. Tudl bmvbgdes, lcwever, bre fjprcnbnoe sc ocgi

bs jbgbiejegt dcgtfgues tc cribgfse bgm mfredt bgm dcgtrco fts lujbg

rescurdes cg tle nbsfs ca bssujptfcgs — tbdft cr expofdft — of e tlcse ca

]lecry \. Iegufge fggcvbtfcg, fg dcgtrbst tc b reaurnfslfgi bgm

pbtdlfgi ca presegt jbgbierfbo strbteifes, requfres flrst tle bddeptbgde

ca oess ofjftfgi bssujptfcgs bncut tle gbture ca tle lujbg rescurdes

we see` tc dcgtrco, bgm sedcgm tle rebmfgess tc bmbpt seoedtfveoy tc

tle fjpofdbtfcgs dcgtbfgem fg tlcse gew bssujptfcgs. ]lecry V fs bg

fgvftbtfcg tc fggcvbtfcg.‚ 24

Tcje butlcrs lbve reaerrem tc ]lecry \ bs bg butcdrbtfd styoe ca

jbgbiejegt bgm ]lecry V bs b pbrtfdfpbtfve styoe ca jbgbiejegt.

24 Fnfm. pp4>4.



Butcdrbtfd jbgbiers ofè tc tbè dcgtrco bgm acdus jcre cg tle tbs`

rbtler tlbg tle pecpoe. ]lefr jbfg cnkedtfve fs tc iet tle kcn mcge.

Xbrtfdfpbtfve jbgbiers dcgsuot ejpocyees bgm fgvcove tlej fg

jb`fgi medfsfcgs.

Ft fs iegerbooy neofevem tlbt wcrèrs ugmer ]lecry V bre abr jcre prevb-

oegt fg tle wcr` pobde tlbg tlcse ugmer ]lecry \.

JdIreicr lfjseoa leom tle “Xyijbofcg Eaaedt ‖ vfew fg tlbt le aeot fa

jbgbiers bssujem wcrèrs tc ne obzy bgm trebtem tlej bs sudl, tleg

tley wcuom ne obzy. Cg tle ctler lbgm fa tley bssujem tlbt wcrèrs

weodcje dlbooegies tleg tley wcuom respcgm bddcrmfgioy.

]lese twc bpprcbdles bre gcw dcgsfmerem wleg exbjfgfgi tle

peracrjbgde ca sdlcco dlfomreg. ]ebdlers bre mfsdcurbiem arcj jb`fgi

bssujptfcgs tlbt dlfomreg bre stupfm bgm tley geem tc ne dcgtrcooem

bgm dcerdem. Fa tley bre trebtem wftl respedt bgm fgvcove tlej fg tle

oebrgfgi prcdess tley wfoo bdlfeve netter resuots.

Drftfdfsjs ca ]lecry \ bgm ]lecry V

Ft fs gct redcjjegmem tc pfiecg-lcoe pecpoe fg tle ]lecry \ ncx cr

tle ]lecry V ncx. esebrdles lbve slcwg tlbt wlbt geems tc ne mcge

fs tc flt pecpoe wftl tle jcst bpprcprfbte kcns acr tlej. Fa scjecge

ofès tle kcn le fs mcfgi tleg le wfoo peracrj weoo frrespedtfve ca tle

bssujptfcgs ycu jbè bncut lfj.

Vcu dbggct bgm slcuom gct bppoy cge set ca bssujptfcgs tc flt boo sftu-

btfcgs. Bibfg, tle acdus slcuom ne cg fgmfvfmubo mfaaeregdes bgm geems.

]lere bre ircups ca wcrèrs wlc wcuom ofè tc ne mfredtem bgm wlc

bre gct èeg cg tb`fgi respcgsfnfofty. Tudl wcrèrs wcuom peracrj

netter ugmer “butcdrbtfd jbgbiers‖.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 54/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE=8

Obst tlcuilts cg ]lecry V bgm tle

Xyijbofcg Eaaedt

‟]le terj “Xyijbofcg Eaaedt‖ cwes fts crfifg tc bgdfegt Iree` jytlco-

ciy, dcgdergfgi b fgi ca Dyprus, Xyijbofcg. ]le fgi, wlc wbs boscbg bddcjpofslem sduoptcr, cgde dbrvem b nebutfauo fliure ca b wcjbg

fg stcge. Le aeoo fg ocve wftl lfs drebtfcg, bgm tlrcuil tle stregitl ca

lfs cwg wfoo, bfmem ny tle irbde ca Qegus, tle Icmmess ca Ocve, nrcuilt

tle stbtue tc ofae. (Acr tlcse wlc aeeo dlebtem wleg b stcry fs gct

dcjpoetem, tle `fgi jbrrfem ler bgm ofvem lbppfoy ever bater.)

Iecrie Nergbrm Tlbw‖s poby Xyijbofcg fs bosc nbsem cg tlfs dcgdept.

Xrcaesscr Legry Lfiifgs‖s dcgflmegde tlbt le dbg dcgvert b cwer ifro fgtc b perscgbnoe scdfety obmy wlc dbg pbss caa acr b mudless, eveg-

tubooy trbgsacrjs Eofzb Mccofttoe. Yftlcut neofttofgi Xrca Lfiifgs‖s s`foos

bs bg expert cg obgiubies bgm mfboedts, Tlbw bttrfnutem Eofzb‖s trbgs-

acrjbtfcg tc lfs fgaedtfcus egtlusfbsj bgm dcgvfdtfcg ca suddess. ]le

Xyijbofcg eaaedt lbs neeg testem repebtemoy fg mfaaeregt dcgmftfcgs bgm

bjcgi mfaaeregt pecpoe, bgm lbs neeg acugm tc ne true. Fg abdtcry settfgis,

wlere pccr peracrjers were trbgsaerrem arcj cge pobde ca wcr` tc

bgctler, bgm fgtrcmudem bs “bncve bverbie peracrjers‖ tc tle gew super-

vfscr, rejbr`bnoe resuots egsuem. Gct cgoy mfm tley cutperacrj tle

bverbie ejpocyee, nut tley were bosc bssessem ny peers bs tle jcst

scuilt bater tebj-jejners.‚ 2=

Gcte; tle expedtbtfcg ca b resuot jcst categ oebms tc tlbt resuot

bdtubooy nefgi bdlfevem.

2= Q. T. Jblesl (2664). “]lreslcoms ca Jctfvbtfcg‖. ]btb-JdIrbw-Lfoo Xunofslfgi. Xp1=


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 55/178AFQE MCUIOBT JDIÊIC^ (2681-261=) =2

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Mcuiobs JdIreicr

• Usfgi ]lecry \ bssujptfcgs tc jbgbie pecpoe iegerbooy

oebms tc wcrèrs nefgi mfssbtfsflem.

• Usfgi ]lecry V bssujptfcgs, cg tle ctler lbgm, oebms tc

kcn sbtfsabdtfcg.

• Ft fs fjpcrtbgt tc ibfg dcjjftjegt arcj ejpocyees fg crmer

tc bdlfeve cribgfsbtfcgbo cnkedtfves bgm ibfg netter

peracrjbgde.

• Dcgtrco, dcerdfcg bgm dcgtrco bre gct bpprcprfbte jebgs

ca ibfgfgi dcjjftjegt.

• Bssujptfcgs bncut lujbg gbture bgm nelbvfcur fguegde

tle wby we trebt wcrèrs.

• Fg b gcwoemie erb ft fs fjperbtfve acr jbgbiejegt tc drebte

b tlrfvfgi wcr` egvfrcgjegt tc abdfoftbte tle drebtfcg,

slbrfgi, usfgi bgm reusfgi ca `gcwoemie. ]lfs requfres

jbgbiejegt tc acdus cg ]lecry V bssujptfcgs.

• Fg tlefr ncc` Mcuiobs JdIreicr cg Jbgbiejegt — êvfs-

ftfgi tle Lujbg Tfme ca Egterprfse,25 Lefo, Tteplegs bgm

Neggfs briue tlbt JdIreicr‖s fmebs bre jcre fjpcrtbgt

bgm reoevbgt tcmby tlbg ever neacre. ]le ncc` dcgtbfgs

gujercus exbjpoes ca dcjpbgfes bgm oebmers wlc lbve

curfslem ugmer JdIreicr‖s bpprcbdl.

25 Lefo, I., Tteplegs, Mencrbl.D., Neggfs,Ybrreg I (>888). “Mcuiobs JdIreicr evfsftem — Jbgbi-

fgi tle Lujbg Tfme ca tle Egterprfse. Kclg Yfoey & Tcgs.



Nobg`


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 57/178TF\ AÊME^FD@ LE^[NEÎ (26>4-) =4

TF\

Aremerfd` Lerzneri (26>4-)

‟]bè je tle wby F bj, gct tle wby

ycu wbgt je tc ne.‚

AÊME^FD@ LE^[NEÎ

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Aremerfd` Lerzneri wbs b prbdtfsfgi jbgbier bs weoo bs bg bdbmejfd.

Le wbs b prcaesscr ca jbgbiejegt bgm crfifgbtcr ca tle jctfvbtfcg-

lyifege tlecry. Le wbs ncrg fg 26>4 bgm fs dcgsfmerem tle abtler ca

tle kcn egrfdljegt prfgdfpoe. Le redefvem lfs meirees arcj Dfty Dcooeie,

Gew Vcr` fg 26=1 bgm lfs Xl.M. arcj tle Ugfversfty ca Xfttsnuril fg

2658. Le wcrèm bs b êsebrdl Mfredtcr acr Xsydlcocifdbo Tervfdes

ca Xfttsnuril acr sfx yebrs bgm fg 2659 le nedbje prcaesscr ca psydlco-

ciy bt Dbse Yesterg êserve Ugfversfty fg Doeveobgm. Fg 269> le

nedbje b mfstfgiufslem prcaesscr ca jbgbiejegt bt tle Ugfversfty

ca Utbl.

Lerzneri bosc ugmertcc` dcgsuotfgi wcr` wftl icvergjegt bgm

fgmustry.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 58/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE==


Le nedbje abjcus acr lfs Jctfvbtfcg-Lyifege ]lecry wlfdl le

punofslem fg lfs ncc` ]le Jctfvbtfcg tc Ycr` 21 fg 2656.

Le bgm lfs bsscdfbtes dcgmudtem surveys bgm fgtervfewem bddcugt-

bgts bgm egifgeers tc flgm cut wlbt abdtcrs jbme tlej ofè tlefr wcr`

bgm wlbt jbme tlej mfsofè tlefr wcr`.

Le bsèm fgtervfewees tc respcgm tc tle acoocwfgi questfcg; ‟]lfg`

ca tle tfje wleg ycu aeot exdeptfcgbooy iccm cr exdeptfcgbooy nbm bncut

ycur kcn, eftler ycu‖re presegt kcn cr bgy ctler kcn ycu lbve lbm…..]eoo

je wlbt lbppegem.‚ 29

]lcse wlc ofèm tlefr wcr` bttrfnutem tlfs sftubtfcg tc bdlfevejegt,

redcigftfcg, tle gbture ca tle wcr`, respcgsfnfofty bgm bmvbgdejegt.

]lese were tle abdtcrs reobtem tc kcn dcgtegt bgm tley oem tc lfiler

jctfvbtfcg acr tle wcrèr. ]lese abdtcrs bmmressem lfiler oeveo geems.

]lcse wlc mfsofèm tlefr wcr` bgm were mfssbtfsflem dftem dcjpbgy

pcofdy bgm bmjfgfstrbtfcg, supervfscr‖s obd` ca dcjpetegde bgm pccr

wcr`fgi dcgmftfcgs — boo tlese abdtcrs reobtem tc kcn dcgtext . Arcj

tlfs le acrjuobtem lfs gcw abjcus jctfvbtfcgbo tlecry.

Bddcrmfgi tc Lerzneri tlere bre twc types ca abdtcrs fg jctfvbtfcg.

]lere bre tlcse abdtcrs wlfdl fa presegt wfoo eglbgde peracrjbgde

bgm fgdrebse jctfvbtfcg. ]leg tlere bre ctler abdtcrs wlfdl fa tley

bre bnsegt wfoo medrebse jctfvbtfcg bgm lbve bg ugabvcurbnoe fjpbdt

cg peracrjbgde. ]le flrst ircup ca abdtcrs le dboos jctfvbtfgi abdtcrs

bgm tle sedcgm ircup ca abdtcrs le dboos lyifege abdtcrs.

Gcte; tle cppcsfte ca kcn sbtfsabdtfcg fs tle obd` ca kcn sbtfsabdtfcg,

bgm gct kcn mfssbtfsabdtfcg. ]le cppcsfte ca kcn mfssbtfsabdtfcg fs bg

bnsegde ca mfssbtfsabdtfcg.

21 Aremerfd` Lerzneri (2656). “]le Jctfvbtfcg tc Ycr` .‖ Kclg Yfoey.

29 Aremerfd` Lerzneri, Nergbrm Jbuser, Nbrnbrb N. Tgymerjbg (2656), “]le Jctfvbtfcg tc Ycr` ‖.

Kclg Yfoey.



‟Ye gcrjbooy tlfg` ca sbtfsabdtfcg bgm mfssbtfsabdtfcg bs cppcsftes0 f.e.

wlbt fs gct sbtfsayfgi just ne mfssbtfsayfgi, bgm vfde versb. Nut wleg

ft dcjes tc ugmerstbgmfgi tle nelbvfcur ca pecpoe fg tlefr kcns, jcre

tlbg b poby cg wcrms fs fgvcovem.‚ 2<

Ylbt bre lyifege abdtcrs3

]lese abdtcrs wlfdl prcjcte wcr` sbtfsabdtfcg fgdoume b doebg bgm sbae

egvfrcgjegt, wcr`fgi dcgmftfcgs, supervfsfcg bgm jcgey. Fa wcr`fgi

dcgmftfcgs bre pccr, fa b sftubtfcg fs ugsbae cr fa tlere fs pccr supervf-

sfcg tleg tley wfoo oebm tc mfssbtfsabdtfcg bgm pccr peracrjbgde.

]le lyifege abdtcrs reobte tc b wcr` egvfrcgjegt. Bg bpprcprfbte

wcr`fgi egvfrcgjegt prcvfmes wcr`ers wftl plysfcocifdbo, sedurfty

bgm neocgifgi geems, bs expobfgem fg Jbsocw‖s tlecry ca tle Lfer-

brdly ca Geems. Ft prcvfmes nbsfd geems, bmequbte sedurfty, b segse

ca neocgifgi bgm dcjrbmeslfp.

Ylbt bre jctfvbtcrs3

]lese abdtcrs fgdoume b segse ca bdlfevejegt, bmvbgdejegt, kcn fgter-

est, redcigftfcg bgm respcgsfnfofty. ]lese abdtcrs bre tle true jctfvbtcrs.

Bddcrmfgi tc Lerzneri, lyifege abdtcrs lbve tc ne bttegmem tc flrst

neacre jctfvbtcrs stbrt tc wcr`.

]le ugfquegess ca lfs tlecry reobtes tc tle abdt tlbt le put acrwbrm

mfaaeregt abdtcrs acr sbtfsabdtfcg bgm mfssbtfsabdtfcg.

2< Aremerfd` Lerzneri . “Cge Jcre ]fje; Lcw mc ycu Jctfvbte Ejpocyees3‖. LN^ Kbgubry, >884.pp62


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 60/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE=1

Jbgbiejegt slcuom jctfvbte pecpoe ny pbyfgi bttegtfcg tc jctfvbtcrs.

Lyifege abdtcrs lbve tc rebdl b dertbfg oeveo flrst, tc jbè sure jctf-

vbtfcg fs gct medrebsem, nut bater tlbt acdus slcuom ne put cg

jctfvbtfgi abdtcrs. Jbgy jbgbiers, bddcrmfgi tc lfj, bttejpt tc jctf-

vbte tlrcuil lyifege abdtcrs bocge wlfdl fs wrcgi bgm fgeaaedtfve.

Bppofdbtfcg ca Lerzneri‖s tlecry

‟Fg prbdtfde, gujercus flrjs lbve bppofem tlese gctfcgs bgm repcrt

fjprcvejegts fg ctler jebsures ca cribgfsbtfcgbo peracrjbgde. ]c

fooustrbte, tle resuots ca kust tlree flrjs, perlbps tle nest punofdfsem

cges, wfoo ne sujjbrfsem 26. ]exbs Fgstrujegts lbs b “pobg-mc-dcgtrco‖

prcirbj acr wcrèrs, wlfdl lbs remudem dcstoy cvertfje, areem tle

supervfscrs arcj docse supervfsfcg, bgm egbnoem tle dcjpbgy tc fgdrebse

prcmudtfvfty. Fg Bjerfdbg ]eoeplcge bgm ]eoeirbpl, b kcn egrfdljegt

prcirbj bppofem tc gfge wcrèrs wftl gc supervfscry kcns, remudem

tle ejpocyee turgcver rbte fg tlcse kcns 24 perdegt bgm fjprcvem qubofty

ca peracrjbgde, qubgtfty ca wcr`, bgm dustcjer servfdes. Fjperfbo Dlej- fdbo Fgmustrfes (Irebt Nrftbfg) medobres tlbt ft lbs neeg bnoe tc sbve cver

$>88,888 per yebr ny bmcptfgi b kcn egrfdljegt prcirbj. Fg ebdl ca

tlese fgstbgdes bs b resuot ca Lerzneri bgm lfs bsscdfbtes.‚ >8

Lerzneri‖s tlecry jebgs tlbt fa ycu ifve scjecge jcre pby cr b gew

tftoe (lyifege abdtcrs) wftlcut extrb respcgsfnfoftfes, ft wfoo stcp lfj

dcjpobfgfgi bncut tle kcn nut ft wfoo gct jctfvbte lfj tc mc jcre

wcr`. Ejpocyees slcuom ne jctfvbtem ny tle kcn bgm tlrcuil tleuse ca tle dbrrct bgm stfd`.

26 Acr aurtler fgacrjbtfcg cg ]exbs Fgstrujegts, see J. Tdctt Jyers. “ Every Ejpocyee b

Jbgbier ‖. Gew Vcr`0 JdIrbw-Lfoo Ncc` dc. 26980 acr B.]. & ]. see ^cnert L. acrm, “ Jctfvbtfcg

]lrcuil Ycr` Ftseoa ‖, Gew Vcr` Bjerfdbg Jbgbiejegt Bsscdfbtfcgs 26160 bgm acr Fjperfbo

Dlejfdbo Fgmustrfes, see Y. Xbuo, F cnertscg bgm A. Lerzneri, “ Kcn Egrfdljegt Xbys caa ‖, LN^,

Qco =9 (2616)pp12-96.

>8 Mbgfeo B. Yreg, Mbg Qcfdl Kr (261<). “ Jbgbiejegt — Xrcdess Ttrudture bgm Nelbvfcur ‖. Kclg

Yfoey. Xp=59.



Lerzneri‖s tlecry bosc dcgtrfnutem tc tle pcofdy ca “Kcn Egrfdljegt‖.

Ylbt kcn egrfdljegt mces fs fgtrcmude b wcrèr‖s respcgsfnfofty acr

tle kcn le fs mcfgi, tlus prcjctfgi lfs fgterest fg tle kcn.

‟Fg bttejptfgi tc egrfdl dertbfg kcns, jbgbiejegt categ remudes tle

perscgbo dcgtrfnutfcg ca ejpocyees rbtler tlbg ifvfgi tlej cppcrtu-

gftfes acr ircwtl fg tlefr bddustcjem kcns. Tudl egmebvcurs, wlfdl F

slboo dboo lcrfzcgtbo ocbmfgi (bs cppcsem tc vertfdbo ocbmfgi cr prcvfm-

fgi jctfvbtcr abdtcrs), lbve neeg tle prcnoej ca ebrofer kcn egobriejegt

prcirbjs. Kcn ocbmfgi jereoy egobries tle jebgfgioess ca tle kcn.

]le prfgdfpoes ca vertfdbo ocbmfgi lbve gct boo neeg wcrèm cut bs yet,

nut F lbve aurgfslem seveg useauo stbrtfgi pcfgts acr dcgsfmerbtfcg.

]lese bre;

• êjcvfgi scje dcgtrcos wlfoe retbfgfgi bddcugtbnfofty.

• Fgdrebsfgi tle bddcugtbnfofty ca fgmfvfmubos acr tlefr cwg

wcr`.

• Ifvfgi b perscg b dcjpoete gbturbo ugft ca wcr` (jcmuoe, mfvf-

sfcg, breb, bgm sc cg).

• Irbgtfgi bmmftfcgbo butlcrfty tc ejpocyees fg tlefr bdtfvfty0 kcn

esteej.

• Jb`fgi perfcmfd repcrts mfredtoy bvbfobnoe tc tle wcrèrs

tlejseoves rbtler tlbg tc supervfscrs.

• Fgtrcmudfgi gew bgm jcre mfaafduot tbs`s gct prevfcusoy

lbgmoem.

• Bssfigfgi fgmfvfmubos spedffld cr spedfbofsem tbs`s, egbnofgi tlej

tc nedcje experts.‚ >2

>2 Aremerfd` Lerzneri. “Cge Jcre ]fje; Lcw mc ycu Jctfvbte Ejpocyees‖. LN^ Kbgubry, >884.

pp64.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 62/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE=<

Drftfdfsjs ca Lerzneri‖s tlecry

2 Cgoy egifgeers bgm bddcugtbgts were fgtervfewem. ]lese flgm-

fgis jby gct bppoy tc ctler prcaessfcgbo ircups.

> Lfs jetlcmcociy acr dcgmudtfgi resebrdl oem tc sudl flgmfgis.

4 Lfs jetlcmcociy bosc obdèm sdfegtffld rficur.

= Lyifege abdtcrs bgm jctfvbtcrs vbry mepegmfgi cg tle types

ca fgmfvfmubos fgvcovem bgm tle gbture ca tle wcr` exbjfgem.

5 Tcje briue tlbt nctl kcn dcgtext bgm dcgtegt prcmude sbtfs-

flers bgm mfssbtfsflers.

1 ]lere fs gc evfmegde tc prcve tlbt lfiloy sbtfsflem pecpoe bre

bosc lfil peracrjers.

9 ‟]le Lerzneri tlecry, cr twc-abdtcr tlecry ca jctfvbtfcg cr

Jctfvbtcr-Lyifege J-L) tlecry, lbs ifveg rfse tc b jbss ca

fgvestfibtfcgs bgm experfjegts fg fgmustry bgm fg jbgy mfaaer-

egt types ca cribgfsbtfcgs. êsuots mc gct bowbys suppcrt

Lerzneri0 fg abdt, cgoy bncut cge fg tlree mc sc. Mcgbom Lenncgde sbfm tlbt wleg ft fs b questfcg ca survfvbo, tlecrfes bre

ofè wcjeg — aedugmfty fs jcre fjpcrtbgt tlbg purfty. J-L

tlecry lbs dertbfgoy neeg very aertfoe — jcre sc perlbps tlbg

bgy ctler tlecry fg bppofem scdfbo psydlcociy. Jbgy fgmustrfbo

psydlcocifsts lbve gct cgoy survfvem nut fgmeem tlrfvem cg tle

tlecry. ]le aedugmfty ca tle tlecry fs gct fg mcunt nut fts purfty

dertbfgoy fs lfiloy suspedt.‚ >>

>> Icmarey Ibrmger. “ Fs tlere b vbofm test ca Lerzneri‖s twc-abdtcr tlecry3‖. K. Cddupbtfcgbo Xsydlco-

ciy, 2699, 58, pp269.



Lcwever, bddcrmfgi tc Mcgbom M. Ylfte ca tle Ugfversfty ca Br`bgsbs,

‟Fg tle jcst dcjprelegsfve revfew ca tle ofterbture cg Lerzneri‖s wcr`,

Ncd`jbg (2692) dcgdoumem tlbt drftfds‖ cnkedtfcgs tc Lerzneri‖s tlecry

bgm/cr lfs jetlcm, categ lbve neeg jbme wftl dcjpoete mfsreibrm acr

tle expobgbtfcgs Lerzneri lfjseoa presegtem. Tle suiiests tlbt tlcsewlc reaute Lerzneri bre fg abdt jebsurfgi scjetlfgi ctler tlbg wlbt

le stumfem. Tle ices sc abr bs tc suiiest tlbt jbgy ca tlcse wlc lbve

bttejptem tc menug` Lerzneri mfm sc wftl tle fgtegt ca ibfgfgi b repu-

tbtfcg acr “iuggfgi lfj mcwg‖. Botlcuil Ncd`jbg‖s resebrdl revfew

dcgdoumem tlbt tlere wbs dcgsfmerbnoe suppcrt acr tle twc-abdtcr tlecry,

gujercus resebrdlers lbve dcgtfguem tc bmmress tlejseoves tc tle

jetlcms, lypctleses bgm bppofdbnfofty ca tle tlecry.‚ >4

]lere fs gc mcunt Lerzneri‖s tlecry lbs neeg nctl fguegtfbo bgm

dcgtrcversfbo.

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Aremerfd` Lerzneri

• Acdusfgi cg lyifegfd abdtcrs tc jctfvbte ejpocyees wfoo

gct wcr`.

• Xrcvfme pecpoe wftl cppcrtugftfes acr respcgsfnfofty, bdlfeve-

jegt bgm perscgbo ircwtl nedbuse tlfs fs tle sbje bs

egbnofgi pecpoe tc bdlfeve tlefr seoa-bdtubofsbtfcg geems.

• ^emesfig kcns tc jb`e wcr` jebgfgiauo tc pecpoe.

• Fgmfvfmubos wftl strcgi ircwtl geems respcgm pcsftfveoy

tc egrfdl kcns.

• Fgmfvfmubos dbg ne nctl very sbtfsflem bgm very mfssbtfsflem

bt tle sbje tfje.

>4 Mcgbom M. Ylfte. “]le ]wc-Abdtcr ]lecry; Gew Ruestfcgs, Gew Bgswers.‖ ]lfs prckedt wbs

flgbgdem ny b irbgt arcj tle Ugfversfty ca Br`bgsbs Acugmbtfcg Fgd.



• @gcwoemie wcr`ers wfoo respcgm jcre tc slbrfgi bgm drebt-

fgi cribgfsbtfcgbo `gcwoemie fa tley bre jctfvbtem ny

lfil—crmer geems.

• Ejpcwerjegt fs bncut egrfdlfgi kcns, boocwfgi fgmfvfm-

ubos tc bdlfeve lfiler oeveos geems.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 65/178TEQEG QFD]C^ ^CCJ 52

TEQEG

Qfdtcr Qrccj (264>-)

‟Fa b wcr`er sees lfil prcmudtfvfty bs b pbtl

oebmfgi tc tle bttbfgjegt ca cge cr jcre ca lfs

(cr ler) perscgbo icbos, le (cr sle) wfoo tegm

tc ne b lfil prcmuder.‚

QFD]C^ Q^CCJ

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Qfdtcr Qrccj fs Kclg I. Tebroe Xrcaesscr ca cribgfsbtfcg bgm

Jbgbiejegt. Le ibfgem lfs meirees arcj JdIfoo Ugfversfty murfgi

tle perfcm 2654-2655 bgm lfs Xl.M. arcj tle Ugfversfty ca Jfdlfibg.

Le lbs ibfgem vbrfcus bdlfevejegts bgm lcgcurs. Lfs ncc` Ycr`

bgm Jctfvbtfcg (261=) fs reibrmem bs b obgmjbr` fg tlbt fleom. Bpbrt

arcj lfs bdbmejfd wcr` Xrcaesscr Qrccj lbs ugmertb`eg vbrfcus

dcgsuotbgdy bssfigjegts wftl jbkcr dcrpcrbtfcgs.


Arcj tle obte 2618s tle acdus dlbgiem arcj geems tlecrfes ca jctf-

vbtfcg tc exbjfgfgi LCY pecpoe bre jctfvbtem bgm wlbt sustbfgs

jctfvbtfcg.



Ugmer tle ujnreoob ca expedtbgdy tlecrfes scje jbgbiejegt tlec-

rfsts put acrwbrm tle vfew tlbt wletler b perscg fs jctfvbtem cr gct

mepegms cg lfs perdeptfcg ca tle cutdcje ca lfs eaacrt. Fa tle cutdcje

jeets lfs geems tleg le wfoo ne jctfvbtem. ]lere lbs tc ne b ofg` netweeg

eaacrt bgm peracrjbgde (lfs expedtbgdy) acr lfj tc ne jctfvbtem.

Qrccj‖s expedtbgdy tlecry

Qrccj‖s expedtbgdy tlecry expobfgs tlbt wleg ejpocyees bre ifveg

dlcfdes tley dlccse tle cptfcg tlbt prcjfses tc ifve tlej tle irebt-

est rewbrm.

Ejpocyees iegerbooy bs` tlree questfcgs tc jctfvbte tlejseoves;

2. Dbg F mc wlbt F bj nefgi bsèm tc mc3

>. Ycuom F ne rewbrmem acr mcfgi ft3

4. Mc F wbgt tle rewbrm cg caaer3

]lere bre tlree nbsfd eoejegts ca lfs expedtbgdy tlecry;

2 expedtbgdy0

> fgstrujegtbofty0 bgm

4 vboegde.

Expedtbgdy

]lfs fs bg fgmfvfmubo‖s neofea tlbt ny jb`fgi b irebt mebo ca eaacrt, le

wfoo bddcjpofsl b oct. Bg fgmfvfmubo‖s expedtbgdy fg reobtfcg tc tle eaacrt

pobys b èy pbrt fg lfs nelbvfcur.

Fa bg fgmfvfmubo aeeos tlbt gc jbtter lcw lbrm le wcr`s tle dcjpbgy

wfoo gct pby bgy bttegtfcg, le wfoo gct jbè judl eaacrt.



]lfs neofea cr perdeptfcg, fs iegerbooy nbsem cg bg fgmfvfmubo‖s pbst

experfegde, seoa-dcgflmegde, cr tle mfaflduoty ca bdlfevfgi set icbos.

Bg fgmfvfmubo‖s perdeptfcg fs baaedtem ny lfs neofea tlbt le dbg

peracrj tle tbs` weoo, ny tle icbos set, bgm tle dcgtrco le exerdfses

fg lfs kcn.

Fgstrujegtbofty

Eveg fa bg fgmfvfmubo wcr`s lbrm fa lfs eaacrts bre gct icfgi tc ne

bwbrmem, (acr exbjpoe, fa le aeeos le fs gcw bt tle tcp ca tle sbobry sdboe) tlere fs icfgi tc ne b obd` ca jctfvbtfcg.

]le fgstrujegtbofty fs tle neofea tlbt fa le wcr`s lbrm tle cutdcjes

wfoo ebrg lfj rewbrm wlfdl dbg ne fg b acrj ca sbobry fgdrebse cr

prcjctfcg, cr scje acrj ca redcigftfcg.

Fgstrujegtbofty mepegms cg trust bgm dcjpbgy pcofdfes.

Acr exbjpoe, b segfcr jbgbier bt cge ca tle oebmfgi dcgsuotbgdy

dcjpbgfes wbs categ prcjfsem mfredtcrslfp fa sle fgdrebsem ler nfoo-

bnoe lcurs. Ugacrtugbteoy acr ler tlfs prcjfse wbs gever `ept. Bs b

dcgsequegde sle ocst trust fg ler ncss bgm fg tle cribgfsbtfcg.

Qboegde

]lfs sfjpoy reaers tc tle vboue bg fgmfvfmubo pobdes cg bg evegt cr

cutdcje. Eveg fa bg ejpocyee neofeves tlbt lfs dcgtrfnutfcg wfoo oebm

tc bg fjprcvejegt fg tle dcjpbgy‖s peracrjbgde bgm tlbt lfs bwbrm

wfoo ne dcjjegsurbte wftl lfs eaacrt bgm dcgtrfnutfcg, le wfoo ne pccroy

jctfvbtem fa tlcse rewbrms lbve b ocw vboegde tc lfj. Ft fs tle vboue

tlbt tlfs fgmfvfmubo bttbdles tc tle cutdcje tlbt jbtters.



Acr exbjpoe, b teoesboes perscg‖s expedtbgdy fs lfs cr ler neofea tlbt

tle jcre dboos le/sle jbès tle jcre sboes wfoo jbterfbofse. Fa le/sle

aeeos tlbt jcre sboes wfoo gct jbterfbofse tleg le/sle wfoo gct jbè

jcre eaacrt. Lfs/ler fgstrujegtbofty fs tlbt lfiler sboes wfoo ebrg

lfj/ler jcre dcjjfssfcgs. Lfs/ler vboegde fs tle fjpcrtbgde le/slebttbdles tc tlese dcjjfssfcgs.

Drftfdfsjs ca Qrccj‖s tlecry

2 êsebrdl evfmegde sc abr lbs gct suppcrtem tle expedtbgdy

tlecry.

> Ft fs b very dcjpofdbtem tlecry.

4 Fg jbgy wcr` sftubtfcgs fgmfvfmubos mc gct lbve dlcfdes.

= Ft fs mfaflduot tc flgm cut lcw judl vboue fs bttrfnutem tc vbrfcus

cutdcjes.

5 Ft remudes jctfvbtfcg tc b ocifdbo bgboysfs ca vboue bgmexpedtbtfcg.

Expedtbgdy tlecry bgm jbgbifgi

pecpoe tcmby

Fg tcmby‖s egvfrcgjegt tle augmbjegtbo questfcg bg ejpocyee bs`s

fs, “Ylbt‖s fg ft acr je3‖ ]le bgswer tlbt wfoo jctfvbte bgm sbtfsay bg

fgmfvfmubo wfoo mepegm cg;

• wlbt tle cribgfsbtfcg expedts ca bg fgmfvfmubo0

• wlbt bg fgmfvfmubo expedts ca bg cribgfsbtfcg0

• wlbt tle ejpocyees vboue0 bgm

• wletler tle ejpocyees‖ vboues bre dcgiruegt wftl tle cribg-

fsbtfcg vboues.



Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Qfdtcr Qrccj

• Meflge wlbt ycu expedt arcj ycur ejpocyees.

• Dcgsfmer ycur ejpocyees‖ icbos bgm strudture wcr` tc abdfo-ftbte bdlfevejegt ca tlese icbos.

• Tet cnkedtfves rebofstfdbooy bgm doebroy.

• Tet jebsurbnoe bgm jebgfgiauo cnkedtfves.

• Dcbdl ycur ejpocyees tc ne bnoe tc bdlfeve tle icbos set.

• Xrcvfme bmequbte suppcrt acr suddess.

• Tet b rebofstfd bgm jebgfgiauo bpprbfsbo systej.

• Dobrfay tle ofg` netweeg peracrjbgde bgm rewbrm.

• ]lere fs gc pcfgt fg caaerfgi rewbrms wlfdl ejpocyees mc

gct vboue.

• Xrcvfme rewbrms acr suddess.



Nobg`


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 71/178EFIL] DL FT B^IV FT 59

EFIL]

Dlrfs Briyrfs (26>4-)

‟…lujbg nefgis dcje fgtc cribgfsbtfcgs

prcirbjjem tc drebte fgtrfdbte getwcr`s bgm

obyers ca cribgfsbtfcgbo meaegdes tlbt nedcje

seoa-refgacrdfgi bgm seoa-prcofaerbtfgi.‚

DL^FT B^IV^FT

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Dlrfs Briyrfs fs tle Kbjes Nrybgt Dcgbgt Xrcaesscr Ejerftus ca Emudb-

tfcg bgm cribgfsbtfcgbo Nelbvfcur bt Lbrvbrm Ugfversfty. Le wbs ncrg

fg Kuoy, 26>4 fg Gewbr`, Gew Kersey. Le ict lfs flrst meiree fg Xsydlco-

ciy arcj Dobr` bgm @bgsbs Ugfversfty bgm lfs mcdtcrbte fg

cribgfsbtfcgbo Nelbvfcur arcj Dcrgeoo fg 2652. Le lbs bosc redefvem

lcgcrbry mcdtcrbtes arcj JdIfoo Ugfversfty, Ugfversfty ca Oeuveg

bgm Ttcd`lcoj Tdlcco ca Edcgcjfds. Le lbs punofslem extegsfveoy

cg gujercus sunkedts fgdoumfgi tlcse cg cribgfsbtfcgbo oebrgfgi, oebm-

erslfp bgm dcjjugfdbtfcg. Fg tlfs dlbpter we wfoo acdus cg lfs

dcgtrfnutfcg fg tle breb ca jctfvbtfcg.

Bpbrt arcj lfs bdbmejfd wcr`, le bosc dcgsuots wftl jbgy fgtergb-

tfcgbo cribgfsbtfcgs bgm vbrfcus icvergjegt mepbrtjegts.




Briyrfs neofeves tlbt scje cribgfsbtfcgs nocd` tle nbsfd lujbg geem

tc express cgeseoa bgm tc mc wcr` suddessauooy. Tudl b sftubtfcg mces

gct prcjcte ejpocyee jctfvbtfcg bgm resuots fg pccr peracrjbgde.

Murfgi tle perfcm ca tle 2658s bgm 2618s Briyrfs acdusem lfs btteg-

tfcg cg tle reobtfcgslfps netweeg fgmfvfmubos bgm cribgfsbtfcgs.

‟Briyrfs aeeos tlbt scje cribgfsbtfcgbo bgm jbgbierfbo prbdtfdes (acr

exbjpoe, lfiloy spedfbofsem kcns bgm gbrrcw spbg ca jbgbiejegt) eep

pecpoe arcj jcvfgi tcwbrm jbturfty. Tfgde pecpoe wbgt tc meveocp

jbture perscgboftfes, geibtfve lujbg rebdtfcgs jby resuot; (2) perscgs

jby oebve tle cribgfsbtfcg0 (>) tley jby dofjn tle cribgfsbtfcgbo obmmer tc bdlfeve jcre butcgcjy0 (4) tley jby mbymrebj, nedcje biires-

sfve, reiress (tlbt fs, returg tc jcre fgabgtfoe acrjs ca nelbvfcur), cr

use ctler meaegde jedlbgfsjs0 (=) tley jby nedcje bpbtletfd cr gcg-

fgvcovem0 bgm (5) tley jby drebte bgm acrjbofse fgacrjbo ircups tc

sbgdtfcg tlefr cwg bpbtly, mfsfgterest, restrfdtfcg ca cutput, biiressfcg,

bgm sc cg. Jbgbiejegt abdem wftl tlese rebdtfcgs, jby rebdt ny nedcj-

fgi jcre butcdrbtfd bgm ny tfiltegfgi cribgfsbtfcgbo dcgtrcos.‚ >=

Le put acrwbrm b tlecry wlfdl suiiests tlbt pecpoe tegm tc nelbve

ofè ]lecry \ nelbvfcur jbfgoy nedbuse ft fs gct tlbt tley bre obzy

nut fg prbdtfde cribgfsbtfcgs trebt tlej ofè fjjbture fgmfvfmubos.

]lfs oem tc lfs Fjjbturfty-Jbturfty ]lecry.

Bddcrmfgi tc tlfs tlecry lujbg perscgbofty meveocps arcj fjjbtu-

rfty tc jbturfty fg b dcgtfguuj fg wlfdl b gujner ca èy dlbgies

tbè pobde. ]lese bre bs acoocws;

Fjjbturfty Jbturfty

Xbssfvfty Bdtfvfty

Mepegmegde êobtfve fgmepegmegde

>= Mbgfeo B. Yreg bgm Mbg Qcfdl, Kr. (261<). “ Jbgbiejegt; Xrcdess, Ttrudture, bgm nelbvfcur ‖.

Kclg Yfoey. Xp465-461.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 73/178EFIL] DL FT B^IV^FT 56

Nelbve fg aew wbys Nelbve fg jbgy wbys

Errbtfd, slboocw fgterest Meeper fgterests

Tlcrt terj perspedtfve Ocgi terj perspedtfve

Tuncrmfgbte pcsftfcg Equbo cr superfcr pcsftfcgObd` ca bwbregess ca seoa Bwbregess bgm dcgtrco cver seoa

Bddcrmfgi tc Briyrfs, jbgy cribgfsbtfcgs stfoo bmlere tc b nurebu-

drbtfd/pyrbjfmbo vboue systej. ]lfs type ca systej oebms tc jfstrust wftlfg

cribgfsbtfcgs bgm wcr`ers bre gct redcigfsem bs jbture fgmfvfmubos.

Fg crmer tc egbnoe fgmfvfmubos tc exlfnft trbfts ca jbturfty tle cribg-

fsbtfcg lbs tc bssuje b lujbgfstfd/mejcdrbtfd vboue systej. Fg tlfs

type ca egvfrcgjegt fgmfvfmubos wfoo meveocp trustfgi reobtfcgslfps

bgm tley wfoo ne jctfvbtem tc put fg tle eaacrt tc eglbgde cribgfsb-

tfcgbo eaaedtfvegess. ]le cribgfsbtfcg wfoo nedcje bg exdftfgi pobde

tc wcr` fg.

Meaegsfve rcutfges

Briyrfs put acrwbrm b dcgdept ca “meaegsfve rcutfges‖. ]ley bre tlcuilts

bgm bdtfcgs “wlfdl prctedt fgmfvfmubos bgm cribgfsbtfcgs‖ fg wbys ca

mebofgi wftl rebofty. ]ley bre usem tc remude pbfg bgm bddcrmfgi tc

Briyrfs tley dbg dbuse abfoures wleg usem dcugter prcmudtfveoy. ]ley

dbg bosc nocd` oebrgfgi fg cribgfsbtfcgs.

Dcugterprcmudtfve meaegsfve rcutfges exlfnft tlejseoves fg fgexf-

noe tlfg`fgi bgm tley bosc brfse bs b resuot ca suncrmfgbtes experfegdfgi

fgtcoerbnoe ncsses.



Briyrfs wftl Tdlcg>5 put acrwbrm “]lecrfes ca bdtfcg; tlecry fg use

bgm espcusem tlecry.‖

]ley briue tlbt pecpoe lbve jegtbo jbps wftl reibrm tc lcw tley

bdt fg mfaaeregt sftubtfcgs. ]lese jbps fguegde tlefr nelbvfcur bgm

tlefr bdtfcgs. Gct jbgy pecpoe bre bwbre ca tle exfstegde ca sudl jbps.

Ylbt tley espcuse fs mfaaeregt tc wlbt tley mc.

Yleg b perscg fs bsèm bs tc lcw le wcuom nelbve fg dertbfg dfrduj-

stbgdes, lfs bgswer fs fguegdem ny lfs espcusem tlecry. Lcwever,

lcw le nelbves fs fguegdem ny lfs tlecry fg bdtfcg. Xerscgbo eaaed-

tfvegess bgm cribgfsbtfcgbo eaaedtfvegess bre bdlfevem fa tlere fs

dcgiruegde netweeg tlese tlecrfes. Fg tle bnsegde ca sudl dcgiru-

egde eaaedtfve oebrgfgi, eftler bt fgmfvfmubo oeveo cr cribgfsbtfcgbo oeveo,

mces gct tbè pobde.

Cge geems tc dcgsfmer tle use ca meaegsfve rcutfges wftlfg tle dcgtext

ca tle gbture ca cribgfsbtfcgs. Briyrfs presegts twc jcmeos ca

cribgfsbtfcgs0 tley bre Jcmeo F. bgm tle ctler cge fs Jcmeo FF.

Dcgsfmer tlfs

]le lebm ca cge ca tle iocnbo trbfgfgi dcjpbgfes, nbsem fg Nrus-

seos wbs bg butcdrbtfd oebmer bgm le oem ny aebr bgm fgtfjfmbtfcg.

]le jcttc bjcgi tle stbaa wbs “èep ycur gcse doebg bgm lebm

mcwg‖. Everycge jbme tle eaacrt tc bdlfeve tle cribgfsbtfcgbo

cnkedtfves nedbuse tley wbgtem tc ne fg tlefr kcns nut gc cge

jbme extrb eaacrt tc fgdrebse cribgfsbtfcgbo eaaedtfvegess. ]lfs

fs wlbt meaegsfve rcutfges bre boo bncut — tley drebte b spedfbo

jfgmset tc mebo wftl sudl sftubtfcgs.

>5 Briyrfs, D bgm Tdlcg, M. (269=). “]lecry fg Xrbdtfde; Fgdrebsfgi prcaessfcgbo eaaedtfvegess. Kcssey

Nbss.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 75/178EFIL] DL FT B^IV FT 12

]le Jcmeo F cribgfsbtfcg lbs tle acoocwfgi dlbrbdterfstfds;

Fg Jcmeo F tle cribgfsbtfcgs ejpocyees wfoo mepocy meaegsfve rcutfges.

Ejpocyees wftlfg tle dcgtext ca tle Jcmeo F duoture wfoo categ sby

cge tlfgi wlfoe neofevfgi bgctler. ]le tlecry espcusem fs bt vbrf-

bgde wftl tle tlecry fg use. Yleg ejpocyees express tlefr vfews wftlfg

tlfs dcgtext, tley sby wlbt tley tlfg` ctlers wbgt tc lebr.

Fg tle Jcmeo FF dcgtext ejpocyees aeeo sbae bgm sedurem. Fg sudl bg

cribgfsbtfcg ejpocyees bre jctfvbtem tc drebte bgm slbre gcwoemie.

]ley bre lcgest bgm cpeg bgm tley bre gct barbfm tc teoo tle trutl.

Bs Briyrfs sbys, ‟]lere fs gctlfgi pbrtfduobroy gew bncut Jcmeo FF bs

bg espcusem tlecry ca bdtfcg. ]le dlbooegie fs tc trbgsacrj ft fgtc btlecry fg use. Bdqufrfgi Jcmeo FF bs b tlecry ca use mces gct jebg

tlbt we slcuom mfsdbrm Jcmeo F. ]le obtter fs jcre eaaedtfve acr rcutfge

gc tlrebtegfgi fssues. ]le acrjer fs jcre eaaedtfve acr gc rcutfge, fggc-

vbtfve fssues bs weoo bs tlcse tlbt bre tlrebtegfgi bgm vbofm mesdrfptfcgs

ca rebofty ny tlcse ca us wftl dcgtrbmfdtcry vfews.‚ >1

Bddcrmfgi tc Briyrfs, we mc gct jbgbie pecpoe bs sudl. Ye jbgbie

tle `gcwoemie tlbt tley dbrry. ]c abdfoftbte dcoobncrbtfcg bgm nrfgibncut fggcvbtfcgs, oebmers lbve tc drebte jcmeo FF cribgfsbtfcgs.

Drftfdfsjs ca Briyrfs‖s tlecry

• Ft fs very bdbmejfd.

• Ft fs very dcjpofdbtem acr prbdtfsfgi jbgbiers tc ugmerstbgm.

• Ft fs very mfaflduot tc put lfs fmebs fgtc prbdtfde.

• Ft fs mfaflduot tc see lcw lfs dcgdepts dbg ne usem tc jbgbie

pecpoe.

>1 Dlrfs Briyrfs (26<5). “Ttrbteiy, Dlbgie bgm Meaegsfve ^cutfges‖. Xftjbg. Xp>12->1>.



Dlrfs Briyrfs‖s tlecry prcvfmes us wftl bg fgsfilt fgtc tle fjpcr-

tbgde ca tle jegtbo jbps ejpocyees lcom bgm lcw tle gbture ca

cribgfsbtfcgs dbg trfiier caa tle use ca sudl jbps.

]c jbgbie pecpoe eaaedtfveoy cge lbs tc ugmerstbgm tle fgter-reob-

tfcgslfp netweeg tle cribgfsbtfcg bgm fts pecpoe, bgm tle exfstegde

ca jetbo jbps fg crmer tc bdlfeve cribgfsbtfcgbo eaaedtfvegess.

]le L^.Dcj emftcr fgtervfewem ^cnert Xutgbj, b dcooebiue ca

Xrcaesscr Dlrfs Briyrfs. ]lfs fgtervfew reedts lcw cge dbg use

Briyrfs‖s fmebs fg prbdtfde. Ft fs reprcmudem lere wftl fgm perjfs-

sfcg ca tle emftcr.

Fgtervfew; ^cnert Xutgbj, bppoyfgi Briyrfs

Mbvfm Dreeojbg

B ocgi-tfje dcooebiue ca Lbrvbrm prcaesscr Mr. Dlrfs Briyrfs,

^cnert Xutgbj, jbès lfs ofvfgi bppoyfgi tlese fmebs.

Mbvfm Dreeojbg spcè tc Mr. Xutgbj bncut puttfgi bdbmejfd fgsfilts

fgtc prbdtfde.

MD- Dbg ycu ifve je b ofttoe nbdìrcugm cg lcw ycu jet

Mr. Briyrfs3

^X- F tcc` b mcdtcrbo prcirbj bt Lbrvbrm bgm wbs very mrbwg tc

Dlrfs, lfs wcr` bgm lfs wby ca wcr`fgi wftl tlcse ca us fg tle dobss.

F mfm jy mfssertbtfcg wftl lfj, bgm dc-wrcte Bdtfcg Tdfegde wftl Mr.

Briyrfs bgm Mfbgb JdObfg Tjftl. ]lbt wbs b dbreer acrjfgi expe-

rfegde bgm cur prbdtfde lbs ircwg arcj tlbt acugmbtfcg.



MD- Bs ycu‖ve jcvem fgtc prbdtfde, wlfdl ca Mr. Briyrfs‖ fmebs

lbve ycu ejnrbdem3

^X- Cge ca tle flrst tlfgis Dlrfs ever sbfm tc us fs tlbt pecpoe mesfig

bdtfcg tc bdlfeve fgtegmem dcgsequegdes. Fa ycu leop tlej ugmer-

stbgm tle gbture ca tle mesfig ycu‖m lbve b very pcwerauo oever acr

leopfgi pecpoe fjprcve tlefr eaaedtfvegess. ]lbt wbs tle stbrtfgi pcfgt

acr bppoyfgi Dlrfs‖ fmebs. Ye dbooem curseoves “Bdtfcg Mesfig‖ wftl

tle gctfcg ca leopfgi pecpoe redcigfse bgm tbo` bncut tle mesfigs tlbt

fjpofdftoy fgacrj tlefr bdtfcg.

Ye bosc use tle tcco dcgdepts tlbt lbve nedcje qufte pcpuobr sudl

bs bmvcdbdy, fgqufry, tle obmmer ca fgaeregde, tle oeat-lbgm dcoujg,

bgm sc cg.

MD- F‖j fgterestem fg stbrtfgi wftl tle jcre dcgdrete brteabdts.

Jcst ca cur rebmers bre ofèoy tc lbve dcje bdrcss tlese fmebs.

^X- Oet je stbrt wftl tle “oeat-lbgm dcoujg‖ tcco. Ye bs` pecpoe tc

wrfte b mfbociue dbse ca bg fjpcrtbgt epfscme tlbt fooustrbtes tle fgm

ca fgterbdtfcg tley wcuom ofè tc lbgmoe jcre eaaedtfveoy. Vcu tbè b

pfede ca pbper, mrbw b ofge mcwg tle jfmmoe bgm cg tle rfilt ycu

wrfte mcwg wlbt wbs bdtubooy sbfm, bs gebr bs ycu dbg rejejner,

bgm fg tle oeat-lbgm dcoujg ycu wrfte bgy ugspcèg tlcuilts cr aeeo-

fgis ycu lbm murfgi tle dcgversbtfcg. Tc wleg we speb` ca tle

oeat-lbgm dcoujg ft reaers tc ycur ugspcèg tlcuilts cr aeeofgis wleg

ycu bre fg tle jfmst ca b mfaflduot fgterbdtfcg.

MD- Ylbt mc pecpoe iet cut ca tlfs exerdfse3

^X- Xecpoe flgm ft leopauo kust tc wrfte mcwg tle dbses nedbuse ft egbnoes

tlej tc occ` bt cge ca tlese mfaflduot fgterbdtfcgs bgm tc see tle gftty-

irftty ca lcw ft lbppegem. Yleg ycu revfew wlbt ycu‖ve wrftteg ycu

iet fgsfilts fgtc wlbt ycu mfm bgm mfmg‖t mc.

Ft‖s bosc b very iccm nbsfs acr b prcaessfcgbo meveocpjegt sessfcg

nedbuse ft ifves us tle cppcrtugfty tc tbè b occ` bt lcw ycu bdtem

fg tle jcjegt, wlbt tle ctler perscg mfm tc trfiier ycu, bgm lcw

ycu were tlfg`fgi bt tlbt tfje. Xecpoe flgm boo tlese ugexpedtem puzzoes



bgm fgterestfgi bgcjbofes wleg tley occ` bt wlbt tley were tlfg`-

fgi tlbt oem tlej tc sby tlfs nut gct sby tlbt, bgm lcw tle ctler perscg

jfsugmerstccm. Ft ifves pecpoe b iccm fgsfilt fgtc tlefr cwg tlfg`-

fgi bgm nelbvfcur tlbt jby dcgtrfnute tc gct iettfgi tle resuots tley

wbgt.

MD- ]lfs nrfgis je tc cge ca jy degtrbo questfcgs bncut Dlrfs

Briyrfs‖ wcr`. ]ley scugm ofè irebt fmebs bgm F lbve seeg tlej

suddessauooy ejpocyem fg trbfgfgi prcirbjs, nut ft‖s rbre tc see

tlej spcgtbgecusoy usem fg tle wcr`pobde.

^X- ]le oebrgfgi prcdess tc meveocp tle s`foo tc fgterbdt jcre eaaed-

tfveoy requfres cgicfgi bttegtfcg. B cge-slct trbfgfgi prcirbj

dbggct pcssfnoy ne jcre tlbg b neifggfgi. Tc tle questfcg ca

sustbfgfgi prbdtfde cver tfje, sc tlbt ycu rebooy meveocp sfigffldbgt

gew s`foos, fs b very fjpcrtbgt cge.

Yftl tle oeat-lbgm dcoujg fg pbrtfduobr, we flgm tlbt wftlfg jfgutes

pecpoe neifg sbyfgi tlfgis ofè, ‟Oet je teoo ycu jy oeat-lbgm dcoujg

cg tlbt cge.‚ Tc ft very qufdòy prcvfmes b obgiubie acr pecpoe tc vcfde

tlfgis tley wcuom gct ctlerwfse lbve sbfm.

]lbt‖s tle upsfme nut tlere bre ofjfts tcc. ]lere fs b rebscg tlfgis

stby cg pecpoe‖s oeat-lbgm dcoujgs — sbyfgi tlej jfilt drebte prcn-

oejs. Lbgmofgi tlfs requfres meveocpfgi twc `fgms ca s`foo; sbyfgi

mfaflduot tlfgis bgm respcgmfgi tc tle rebdtfcgs ctlers lbve fg

prcmudtfve wbys bgm, eveg jcre augmbjegtbooy, oebrgfgi tc tlfg` mfaaer-

egtoy fg tle flrst pobde sc tlbt wlbt bppebrs cg ycur oeat-lbgm dcoujg

dbg ne sbfm. Meveocpfgi tlese bnfoftfes tbès tfje bgm prbdtfde. BsDlrfs categ sbfm, ft tbès bncut bs judl prbdtfde bs oebrgfgi tc poby

teggfs.

MD- ]le obmmer ca fgaeregde fs bgctler Briyrfs tcco tlbt rebooy

bppebos tc je nut F lbveg‖t seeg ft usem judl fg prbdtfde.

^X- ]le obmmer ca fgaeregde fs b sfjpoe jcmeo ca lcw tle lujbg jfgm

wcr`s fg everymby ofae. ]le wcrom fs auoo ca boo fgms ca mbtb, abr jcre

tlbg tle lujbg jfgm dbg pby bttegtfcg tc. ]le ncttcj rugi ca tle



obmmer ca fgaeregde fs tle mbtb ycu‖ve dlcseg tc gctfde. ]leg ycu ic

tlrcuil bg fgterpretbtfcg prcdess tlbt bssfigs jebgfgi tc tlbt

seoedtem mbtb, wlfdl tbès us tc tle sedcgm rugi. ]lbt fgterpretbtfcg

oebms tc b dcgdousfcg, tle tlfrm rugi tlbt jby oebm ycu tc tbè scje

bdtfcg.

Tc fg fts sfjpoest acrj tle obmmer ca fgaeregde lbs tlree steps; tle

seoedtem mbtb, tle fgterpretbtfcg steps fg ycur fgaeregde prcdess, bgm

ycur dcgdousfcg bt tle tcp. ]lese steps cddur bt tle speem ca tlcuilt,

sc abst tlbt we‖re usubooy gct dcgsdfcusoy bwbre ca tle steps fg cur

rebscgfgi prcdess. ]c bg fjpcrtbgt meiree cur rebscgfgi fs b sedret

arcj curseoves. ]le obmmer ca fgaeregde nedcjes useauo fg leopfgi

pecpoe redcigfse wleg nctl tley bgm ctlers lbve kujpem tlrcuilseverbo fgaeregtfbo steps tc mrbw b dcgdousfcg. ]ley bre mfsbireefgi

bncut tle dcgdousfcg, bgm wlbt tley geem tc mc tc jbè prciress fs

jbè expofdft tle mbtb tley lbve seoedtem bgm tle steps fg tlefr fgter-

pretbtfcg prcdess.

MD- Lcw lbve ycu seeg tlfs put fgtc prbdtfde3

^X- F‖ve seeg ft usem fg boo fgms ca dcgversbtfcgs bgm jeetfgis F abdfo-ftbte. Cge ca jy durregt dofegts lbs fgvestem fg oebmerslfp meveocpjegt

acr tlefr segfcr tebj bgm lbs oebrgem tlese tccos. F‖j leopfgi tlej

ejnem tle s`foos fg tlefr mby-tc-mby wcr`. Fg tle dcurse ca tlefr dcgver-

sbtfcgs tley wfoo sby tlfgis ofè, ‟Lcom cg, Kbd`. F tlfg` ycu bre kujpfgi

tle obmmer ca fgaeregde cg tlbt cge.‚ Cr tley wfoo sby, ‟F gcw F‖j kujpfgi

up tle obmmer cg tlfs.‚ ]lbt drebtes bg cppcrtugfty acr tlej tc wbo`

tlrcuil tle mbtb bgm fgterpretbtfcgs tlbt oem tc tle dcgdousfcg.

MD- ]lbt‖s egdcurbifgi. Yly fs ft sc rbre tc nujp fgtc pecpoe

tbo`fgi tlfs wby bgm usfgi tlese tccos3

^X- ]le prcnoej fs tlbt tle tccos bre sc dcgdeptubooy strbfiltacrwbrm

bgm sc ebsy tc stfd` fgtc b trbfgfgi prcirbj tlbt fg jfgutes scje-

ncmy wfoo sby, ‟Cl, F ugmerstbgm tlbt.‚ ]ley tlfg` tley‖ve ict ft nut

tle tccos bre prcacugmoy mfaflduot tc put fgtc prbdtfde fg tle lebt ca

tle jcjegt. F‖ve neeg fg cribgfsbtfcgs wlere tley‖ve trbfgemlugmrems cr tlcusbgms ca pecpoe fg tlese tccos bgm frcgfdbooy ft‖s bojcst



bs fa tley‖ve fgcduobtem tle cribgfsbtfcg bibfgst tle meep oebrgfgi

tle tccos dbg prcvfme. Xecpoe tlfg`, ‟Ye‖ve borebmy mcge tlbt.‚

Cver tle yebrs we‖ve mfsdcverem tlbt ifvfgi everycge nrfea trbfgfgi,

eveg wleg ft stbrts wftl tcp jbgbiejegt, fs gct b iccm bpprcbdl.

Xecpoe mc tle wcr`slcps, flgm tle tccos ebsy tc ugmerstbgm, bgm bssuje

tlbt iccm fgtegtfcgs bre boo ft tbès tc use tlej. Nut tley occ` brcugm

bgm see tlbt tlefr ncss, wlc lbm tle sbje prcirbj, stfoo iets arus-

trbtem bgm fg tle lebt ca tle jcjegt jbès tle sbje fjperfcus,

ugfobterbo jcves tley lbve oebrgem tc lbte. ]leg tley sby, ‟Tee, tle

stuaa mcesg‖t wcr`,‚ cr ‟tle tcp fs gct usfgi ft,‚ bgm ft aboos fgtc mfsuse.

]le strbteiy tlbt mces jbè b prcacugm mfaaeregde fs tc lbve b sjboo

gujner ca pecpoe wlc jbè b judl obrier dcjjftjegt tc oebrgfgi

tc use tle tccos fg prbdtfde. ]leg ycu iet tle iegufge nelbvfcur dlbgie

eveg ugmer b sfigffldbgt meiree ca stress. ]lbt‖s wleg ycu neifg tc

see sustbfgbnoe dlbgie.

MD — ]lfs fs b drftfdbo fmeb acr L^ jbgbiers. ]le gcrjbo bpprcbdl

fs tc trbfg boo cur jbgbiers bncut cge dcgdept cr bgctler wftlcut

bgy ca tlej truoy nedcjfgi pbrtfduobroy prcfldfegt. Ft‖s b very bppebo-fgi bpprcbdl nut ft fs prcnbnoy b accofsl strbteiy. Ft‖s ofè tle fmeb

tlbt ft‖m ne gfde fa boo ycur jbgbiers ugmerstccm flgbgde nut arbgòy

wlbt tle dcrpcrbtfcg rebooy geems fs b aew pecpoe meepoy steepem

fg flgbgde, gct b nugdl ca mfoettbgtes.

Jbyne acr tlese tccos we bre netter caa meveocpfgi b aew spedfbo-

fsts bgm nrfgifgi tlej fg wleg tley bre geemem”kust ofè we dboo

fg tle flgbgde prcs wleg we geem tlej. ]lbt jfilt ne b netterfgvestjegt tlbg nuyfgi 5,888 dcpfes ca tle ncc` bgm wcgmerfgi

wly gctlfgi dlbgies.

^X- Vcu‖ve mesdrfnem twc extrejes, tle nrfea trbfgfgi acr 5,888 versus

tle meep expert. F tlfg` ft fs very leopauo tc lbve b aew meep experts,

nut F wcuom bosc sby tlere fs b jfm-rbgie tlbt fs very fjpcrtbgt. ]c

use ycur flgbgde bgbociy ycu wbgt scje ca ycur ey jbgbiers, espe-

dfbooy bt segfcr oeveos, tc lbve b pretty iccm wcr`fgi `gcwoemie ca



flgbgde. Ft‖s tlbt jfm-oeveo ca s`foo netweeg tle very ofjftem ugmer-

stbgmfgi bgm tle true spedfbofst tlbt F wcuom ofè tc see jcre ca.

Ye lbve acugm tle wby tc bdlfeve tlfs fs ny wcr`fgi wftl pecpoe cg

rebo fssues. Bs tley neifg tc fgterbdt mfaaeregtoy bgm see tlbt dcgtrfnut-

fgi tc prciress cg tlefr nusfgess fssue, tley fgdcrpcrbte tle s`foos

fgtc tlefr gcrjbo nelbvfcur. Ctlers fg tle cribgfsbtfcg see tlbt, bgm

ycu neifg tc iet trbdtfcg.

MD- Ca boo tle fmebs ycu use fg ycur dcgsuotfgi, bre tlere cge cr

twc tlbt bre pbrtfduobroy pcwerauo3

^X- ]le dcgdept ca arbjfgi bgm re-arbjfgi lbs irebt pcwer. Ylbt

we jebg ny arbjfgi fs tle wby fg wlfdl pecpoe meflge b sftubtfcg,

lcw tley dcgstrudt tlefr rcoe bgm tlefr vfew ca ctler pecpoe fg tle

sftubtfcg. Acr exbjpoe, fa tlere fs b prcnoej wftl b gew ejpocyee

scjecge jfilt fjjemfbteoy arbje ft bs b lfrfgi jfstbè wlerebs

scjecge eose jfilt arbje ft bs bg crfegtbtfcg fssue. ]ypfdbooy we arbje

tlfgis spcgtbgecusoy wftlcut tlfg`fgi bncut ft. ]le arbje kust pres-

egts ftseoa tc ycu bs bg cnkedtfve rebofty. Lcwever, ft‖s gct bg cnkedtfve

rebofty0 ft‖s b dcgstrudtfcg ca tle lujbg jfgm fguegdem ny tle duoturewe bre fg. ]le wby we arbje b sftubtfcg dlbggeos wlbt bdtfcgs bppebr

reoevbgt tc us.

Fg cur prcaessfcgbo meveocpjegt wcr` we leop pecpoe jbè tlbt arbje

expofdft sc tlbt ft nedcjes pcssfnoe tc tlfg` lcw ycu jfilt wbgt tc

re-arbje ft, lcw ycu jfilt tlfg` mfaaeregtoy bncut tle sftubtfcg bgm

remeflge wlbt ycu‖re tryfgi tc bdlfeve. ]lfs cpegs up jcre pcwer-

auo cptfcgs.

MD- ]le fmeb ca arbjfgi fs cge dcgdept tlbt jby lbve egterem tle

iegerbo dcgsdfcusgess ca nusfgess. Ft wcuomg‖t surprfse je tc ne

fg b jeetfgi bgm lebr scjecge sby, ‟Oet‖s rearbje tlfs,‚ bgm bdtu-

booy use tle dcgdept fg tle dcrredt wby. Acr exbjpoe, scjetlfgi

jfilt crfifgbooy ne arbjem bs b jbrètfgi fssue bgm scjecge wfoo

sby, ‟Gc, we geem tc re-arbje tlfs, ft‖s b prcmudt meveocpjegt fssue.‚



^X- ]lbt‖s b useauo cnservbtfcg nedbuse ft pcfgts tc tle mfstfgdtfcg

netweeg tedlgfdbo cr nusfgess fssues bgm tle nelbvfcurbo reboj. Yleg

ft dcjes tc nelbvfcur bgm fgterbdtfcg, pecpoe lbve egcrjcus mfafl-

duoty dlbgifgi tlefr arbjes. B dofegt ca jfge fs fg tle plbrjbdeutfdbo

fgmustry. ]le resebrdl mfvfsfcg bgm tle jbrètfgi mfvfsfcg lbveegtregdlem vfews ca ebdl ctler. esebrdlers see jbrèters bs lbvfgi

b set ca dlbrbdterfstfds0 jbrèters see resebrdlers bs lbvfgi ctler

dlbrbdterfstfds, bgm tlcse vfews bre very persfstegt. Bgm tley oebm

ebdl ircup tc mfsjfss tle vbofmfty cr oeiftfjbdy ca wlbt tle ctler sbys,

bgm tc trebt tlbt bs ugmfsdussbnoe. Iettfgi tlcse mepbrtjegts tc wcr`

netter tcietler wfoo requfre ebdl ca tlej tc mc scje rearbjfgi. F wbs

wcr`fgi wftl cge ca tlcse ircups redegtoy bgm we fmegtfflem tlefr

durregt arbje. ]leg F bsèm, ‟Ylbt jfilt ne b wby ca rearbjfgi ft3‚

]ley mrew b nobg`. ]le oebmer sbfm, ‟F tlfg` we‖oo geem leop tc see

bgctler arbjfgi.‚

MD- Fs tlere bgytlfgi ycu mfsbiree wftl Mr. Briyrfs bncut3

^X- Cge ca tle wbys cur mfaaeregdes slcw up fs lcw jy pbrtgers

bgm F tlfg` bncut bgm leop pecpoe wcr` cg ey reobtfcgslfps. cribg-

fsbtfcgbo fssues dbg iet ncugm up fg wlbt we dboo reobtfcgslfp

strudtures tlbt acrj netweeg pbrtfduobr fgmfvfmubos. Leopfgi pecpoe

dlbgie tlcse strudtures requfres b slfat ca acdus arcj Dlrfs‖ dcgstrudt

ca Jcmeo F bgm Jcmeo FF.

MD- Bs F ugmerstbgm ft, Jcmeo F fs cur gcrjbo jcme ca tlfg`fgi

wlere we, bjcgi ctler tlfgis, try tc bppebr rbtfcgbo bgm fg dcgtrco

wlfoe suppressfgi geibtfve aeeofgis. Ylerebs Jcmeo FF fs b jcme

ca tlfg`fgi tlbt stresses iettfgi vbofm fgacrjbtfcg, jb`fgi

fgacrjem dlcfdes bgm dcgstbgtoy jcgftcrfgi tc ne sure we bre cg

trbd` bgm nefgi lcgest wftl curseoves.

^X- Fg cur wcr` we dboo tlej tle ugfobterbo bdtfcg jcmeo bgm tle jutubo

bdtfcg jcmeo. Ny duttfgi tle wcrom fg tlfs nf-pcobr wby ycu sfjpofay

tlfgis egcrjcusoy, ycu drebte tle segse tlbt everycge fs fg tle sbje

ncbt, bgm ycu lfilofilt tle fjpbdt cg oebrgfgi. Cg tle ctler lbgm ft



iocsses cver mfaaeregdes tlbt nedcje fjpcrtbgt wleg ycu bre tryfgi

tc leop pecpoe see lcw tley trfiier ebdl ctler.

MD- Cge ca cur rebmers wcgmerem fa tlere bre bgy prcirbjs tc

leop ycugi pecpoe rebdl Jcmeo FF neacre tley kcfg tle wcràcrde.

^X- Fg tle “98s wleg Dlrfs jcvem arcj Vboe tc Lbrvbrm le lbm b dc-

bppcfgtjegt fg tle Nusfgess Tdlcco bgm tle Tdlcco ca Emudbtfcg, wlere

le wbs wleg we wcrèm wftl lfj. Le tlcuilt fa ycu dcuom dlbgie

sdlcco systejs, bgm tlereacre emudbte ycugi pecpoe fg Jcmeo FF, ycu

dcuom rebooy dlbgie tle wcrom. Ugacrtugbteoy le acugm tle emudbtfcg

systej fjpegetrbnoe. Ft wbs egcrjcusoy mfaflduot tc iet trbdtfcg wftl

sdlcco systej bmjfgfstrbtcrs bgm abduoty. ]le nusfgess wcrom wbs

judl jcre redeptfve tc lfj. ]lere bre pecpoe wcr`fgi wftl tlese

fmebs fg sdlccos nut F‖j gct docse tc ft, bgm F mcg‖t gcw ca prcirbjs

tc leop ycugi pecpoe oebrg Jcmeo FF.

Gcw speb`fgi perscgbooy bs tle abtler ca b 25-yebr-com scg F tlfg`

Jcmeo 2 fs b dbpbnfofty ycu geem tc meveocp bs ycu‖re ircwfgi up.

Lcwever, F bosc neofeve, nbsem cg jy sbjpoe ca Jcmeo F, tlbt scje

ca tle èy Jcmeo FF dbpbnfoftfes ca reedtfgi cg ycur cwg tlfg`fgibgm lbvfgi fgdrebsem bwbregess tlbt ctler pecpoe jby tlfg` mfaaer-

egtoy dbg ne meveocpem bt b ycugi bie.

MD- Bgctler rebmer aeot tlbt Dlrfs Briyrfs drftfdfsjs ca ejpocyee

ejpcwerjegt lbve rebooy dcgmejgem tle dcgdept. Fs tlbt abfr3

^X- F tlfg` wlbt Dlrfs dcgmejgs fs tle dlbrbme ca ejpcwerjegt

nedbuse ft iets usem sc wfmeoy bs bg espcusem tlecry wleg ft kust

fsg‖t sc. Jbgy dlbgie prcirbjs sby tley ejpcwer pecpoe wleg tley

mc gct. Tc tlfs tbo` ca ejpcwerjegt bdtubooy iegerbtes dygfdfsj. F

tlfg` Dlrfs fs boo acr ejpcwerjegt wleg ft fs iegufgeoy pcssfnoe, nut

tc ne rebo bncut ft we bosc lbve tc cwg up tc tle ofjfts tc wlbt fs

pcssfnoe.

MD- ]lere bre b oct ca pecpoe wlc bre rebo Briyrfs egtlusfbsts,

nut jbgy ca tlej flgm ft arustrbtfgi tlbt tle wcrom lbsg‖t jbme

jcre prciress fg bmcptfgi lfs fmebs. F tlfg` tlbt‖s cge ca tle ugmer-



oyfgi dcgdergs ca boo tle pecpoe wlc lbve mfsdussem lfs wcr` wftl

je.

^X- Fg Booeg Ifgsnuri‖s pcej ]le ]erjs fg Ylfdl F ]lfg` ca êbofty

cge pbssbie rebms, ‟ Acr tle wcrom fs b jcugtbfg ca slft; fa ft‖s icfgi

tc ne jcvem bt boo, ft‖s ict tc ne tbèg ny lbgmauos.‚ F bdtubooy flgm tlbt

lcpeauo. ]le wcrom fs b nfi dcjpoex mfaflduot pobde, bgm tlere bre boo

tlese lfiloy fgteoofiegt pecpoe wbgtfgi tc jbè tlfgis lbppeg bgm

bafdtem wftl boo tle nofgm spcts ca tle lujbg rbde. Fa ycu occ` bt tle

scdfbo dcigftfcg ofterbture ft slcws tlbt pecpoe bre cverdcgflmegt fg

tlefr cwg kumijegts bgm dcgvfgdem ca tle purfty ca tlefr cwg fgteg-

tfcgs wlfoe bttrfnutfgi nbm jctfves tc ctler pecpoe. Xecpoe occ` acr

dcgflrjfgi mbtb bgm mcg‖t gctfde mfsdcgflrjfgi mbtb. Ft drebtes b octca drcssem wfres, b oct ca fjpbtfegde bgm arustrbtfcg. Tc ft‖s rebooy b

jbtter ca jcvfgi ft ny lbgmauos cr, tc dlbgie tle jetbplcr, nbfofgi

wlfoe tle wbter èeps dcjfgi fg.

^cnert Xutgbj bgm lfs dcooebiues fg Bdtfcg Mesfig caaer b flve-mby

prcaessfcgbo meveocpjegt wcr`slcp, “Drebtfgi Xrcmudtfve Dcgver-sbtfcgs‖, tlbt leops prbdtftfcgers meveocp tle s`foos fg usfgi tle fmebs

mfsdussem lere. Fgacrjbtfcg fs cg tlefr wen sfte bt www.bdtfcgme-

sfig.dcj.



Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Dlrfs Briyrfs

• Xrcjcte lcgesty wftlfg ycur cribgfsbtfcg.

• Ne lcgest wftl ycurseoa bgm cpeg up tc ycur slcrtdcj-fgis bgm abfoures.

• Jctfvbte pecpoe ny drebtfgi dcoobncrbtfve dcrpcrbte duoture.

• ^ewbrm cpeggess.

• Dcgsfmer gct cgoy tle geems bgm tle psydlcociy ca tle fgmf-

vfmubo nut tle duoture ca tle dcjpbgy fg jctfvbtfgi pecpoe

tc eglbgde cribgfsbtfcgbo eaaedtfvegess.

• Ny ycur oebmerslfp bgm exbjpoe prcjcte dcgiruegde

netweeg tlecry espcusem bgm tlecry fg use.



Nobg`


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 87/178GFGE KCLG BMBF (264=-) 94

GFGE

Kclg Bmbfr (264=-)

‟Iccm oebmers tcmby wfoo tegm tc see pecpoe bs

dcooebiues, dcjpbgfcgs cr pbrtgers, gct acoocwers.

Bs cge prciresses tlrcuil oeveos ca oebmerslfp, ca

dcurse, jbgy ca tlcse dcooebiues wfoo ne oebmers fg

tlefr cwg rfilt.‚

KCLG BMBF^

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Kclg Bmbfr wbs ncrg fg 264=. Le lcoms lfiler meirees arcj tle Ugfver-

sftfes ca Cxacrm bgm Ocgmcg. Le wbs b segfcr oedturer fg Jfoftbry Lfstcry

bgm Oebmerslfp ]rbfgfgi Bmvfscr bt tle cybo Jfoftbry Bdbmejy, Tbgm-

lurst. Bater twc yebrs bs tle flrst Mfredtcr ca Ttumfes bt Tt. Iecrie‖s

Lcuse fg Yfgmscr Dbstoe le nedbje Bsscdfbte Mfredtcr ca tle Fgmus-

trfbo Tcdfety wlere le pfcgeerem Bdtfcg-Degterem Oebmerslfp.

Fg 2696 le nedbje tle wcrom‖s flrst Xrcaesscr ca Oebmerslfp Ttumfes

bt tle Ugfversfty ca Turrey, bgm fs durregtoy Qfsftfgi Xrcaesscr bt tle

Ugfversfty ca Exeter.

Le gcw wcr`s bs bg fgtergbtfcgbo dcgsuotbgt fg oebmerslfp bgm jbgbie-

jegt meveocpjegt.




Le pfcgeerem tle Bdtfcg-Degterem Oebmerslfp bpprcbdl.

Kclg Bmbfr acugm tlbt eaaedtfve oebmers pbfm bttegtfcg tc tlree brebs

ca jbgbiejegt. ]ley bre tbs`, tebj (cr tle ircup) bgm fgmfvfmubo.

]lese tlree brebs bre fgtermepegmegt.

]bs` geems fgvcove settfgi doebr icbos bgm cnkedtfves

]ebj geems fgvcove fgterbdtfcg, suppcrt, dcjjugfdbtfcg bgm slbrem

wcr`.

Fgmfvfmubo geems fgdcrpcrbte perscgbo nelbvfcur bgm aeeofgis. ]lese

vbry bjcgist fgmfvfmubos.

Xecpoe expedt tlefr oebmers tc prcvfme suppcrt bgm leop tlej tc nufom

sygeriy ca tebjwcr` bgm tc bttegm tc fgmfvfmubo geems.

‟]le ]bs`, ]ebj bgm Fgmfvfmubo geems cverobp. ]c bdlfeve tle dcjjcg

tbs`, jbfgtbfg getwcr` bgm sbtfsay tle fgmfvfmubos, dertbfg augdtfcgs

lbve tc ne peracrjem. ]lese augdtfcgs (tle augdtfcgbo bpprcbdl tc oebm-

erslfp bosc dbooem bdtfcg-degterem oebmerslfp) bre;

• Meflgfgi tle tbs`

• Xobggfgi

• Nrfeflgi

• Dcgtrcoofgi

• Evboubtfgi

• Jctfvbtfgi

• Cribgfsfgi

• Xrcvfmfgi bg exbjpoe.

]lese oebmerslfp augdtfcgs geem tc ne lbgmoem wftl exdeooegde bgm

tlfs fs bdlfevem ny peracrjfgi tlcse augdtfcgs wftl fgdrebsfgi s`foo.



Oebmers geem tc exlfnft tle acoocwfgi bttrfnutes/quboftfes/dlbrbdterfs-

tfds fg exerdfsfgi tle augdtfcgs;

2. I^CUX FGAOUEGDE

]c iegerbte b ircup wfoofgigess tc bdlfeve b mesfrem icbo/cnkedtfve.

>. DCJJBGM

]c medfme upcg b dcurse ca bdtfcg bs qufd`oy bs tle sftubtfcg mejbgms

bgm tc dbrry ft tlrcuil wftl b flrjgess bgm stregitl ca purpcse.

4. DCCOGETT

]c rejbfg dcco cr ugperturnem ugmer testfgi cr tryfgi dcgmftfcgs.

=. KUMIEJEG]

Bnfofty tc brrbgie bvbfobnoe rescurdes bgm fgacrjbtfcg fg b systejbtfd

bgm dcjjcgsegse wby tc prcmude eaaedtfve resuots.

5. BXXOFDB]FCG/^ETXCGTFNFOF]V

]c mejcgstrbte sustbfgem eaacrt dcjnfgem wftl b meiree ca mepegm-

bnfofty fg crmer tc dcjpoete b tbs` cr bdlfeve bg cnkedtfve.

Lbvfgi fmegtfflem tle jbfg augdtfcgs cr prfgdfpoes ca oebmerslfp, tlere

bre s`foos fg prcvfmfgi tlcse augdtfcgs fg mfaaeregt sftubtfcgs bgm

jbgbiers geem tc meveocp tlefr bnfoftfes tc nrfgi tlcse s`foos tc nebr

fg fgdrebsfgi oeveos ca exdeooegde.

]wc ca tle jbfg stregitls ca Bmbfr‖s dcgdept bre tlbt ft fs tfjeoess bgm

fs gct duoture cr sftubtfcg-mepegmegt. Acr cver tlree medbmes, tle gcw abjfofbr “tlree dfrdoe‖ Bdtfcg-Degterem Oebmerslfp jcmeo lbs neeg fgte-

irbtem fgtc dcjpbgy duotures, fgmfvfmubo‖s oebmerslfp styoes bgm fs bg

estbnofslem dcre dcjpetegdy lboojbr` ca jbgbiejegt bgm supervf-

scry trbfgfgi mcdtrfge fg b irebt gujner ca cribgfsbtfcgs. Acr jbgy

yebrs, Bmbfr‖s jcmeo lbs neeg tbuilt fg tle dfvfo servfde, punofd serv-

fdes bgm tle brjem acrdes, bs weoo bs fg nusfgess sdlccos, jbgbiejegt

dcooeies, bgm ugfversftfes. Fgterestfgioy, LJT Exdeooegt, tle cybo Gbvy‖s



Tdlcco ca Oebmerslfp bgm Jbgbiejegt lbs eveg fgdcrpcrbtem tle tlree

dfrdoes fgtc fts cafldfbo slfp‖s nbmie.

B tlfrm stregitl ca Bdtfcg-Degterem Oebmerslfp fs tlbt ft dbg leop tle

oebmer tc fmegtfay wlere le, cr sle, jby ne cperbtfgi cut ca foter wftl

tle rebo geems ca tle ircup cr sftubtfcg. Acr exbjpoe, cver precddu-

pbtfcg wftl tle ncttcj-ofge bgm egm-resuot stbtfstfds bgm, tlereacre,

fgcrmfgbteoy lfil precddupbtfcg wftl tbs` geems jby weoo jebg tlbt

fgmfvfmubos bgm/cr tebjs see tlefr geems bs nefgi ca reobtfveoy jfgcr

sfigffldbgde tc tle oebmer. Dcgverseoy, cver-precddupbtfcg wftl pecpoe‖s

geems, tryfgi bowbys tc poebse ctlers bgm bvcfmfgi tcuil medfsfcgs

wlfdl geem tc ne jbme, dbg qufd`oy oebm tc tbs` bvcfmbgde, web` medf-

sfcg-jb`fgi bgm pccr resuots.

Bs tle Dlfea Exedutfve ca b jbkcr plbrjbdeutfdbo dcjpbgy puts ft;

“\ spegms abr tcc judl tfje tryfgi tc poebse pecpoe, fgstebm ca iettfgi

cg wftl wlbt‖s rebooy wbgtem. Le teoos je wlbt le tlfg`s F wbgt tc gcw

bgm fa le mces tlbt wftl je, le wfoo mc ft wftl ctlers. F dbg‖t trust lfj

tc meofver — le‖s tcc nctlerem bncut nefgi gfde tc pecpoe, sc tlbt resuots

categ suaaer fg lfs breb‖.

Acoocwfgi b jbgbiejegt prcirbjje, tle Afgbgdfbo Mfredtcr ca b

dcjpbgy jbguabdturfgi abstegers acr tle bercspbde fgmustry sbfm;

“]lcse tlree dfrdoes leop fg tlbt tley nrfgi lcje tle geem acr je tc

try tc `eep tlfgis fg nbobgde. F dbg acdus cg cge cr twc tlfgis bt tle

expegse ca tle ctler brebs, nut cgoy acr b slcrt tfje, neacre tle drbd`s

neifg tc bppebr.‖‚ >9

>9 Jfdlbeo Yfoofbjs. (266<). “Jbsterfgi Oebmerslfp‖. ]lcrciccm. Xp44-45



Meveocpfgi oebmerslfp s`foos

‟cribgfsbtfcgs (bgm fa ycu bre tle oebmer ca cge tlbt jebgs ycu) slcuom

egsure tlbt tley lbve b pcofdy ca meveocpfgi tle oebmerslfp pctegtfbo

fg boo bgm pbrtfduobroy ca gewoy bppcfgtem “oebmers‖. Fgmfvfmubos slcuom

bosc egsure tlbt tley acdus cg meveocpfgi tlefr oebmerslfp s`foos ny trbfg-

fgi, rebmfgi, bgboysfgi bgm acoocwfgi tle exbjpoe ca iccm oebmers bgm

ny bssessfgi, jcgftcrfgi bgm fjprcvfgi tlefr cwg peracrjbgde.‚ ><

Kclg Bmbfr neofeves oebmerslfp fs trbfgbnoe. Lfs wcr` fgdcrpcrbtes

judl ca tle tlfg`fgi cg lujbg geems bgm jctfvbtfcg ny Jbsocw bgm

Lerzneri.

]le Bmbfr Oebmerslfp Acugmbtfcg

‟]le Acugmbtfcg nrfgis ycu tle meflgftfve bpprcbdl tc oebmerslfp meveo-

cpjegt. Fts prcveg jcmeos bgm prbdtfdbo jetlcms lbve stccm tle test

ca tfje bgm prcmudem fjpressfve resuots. Bt tle Bmbfr Oebmerslfp Acug-

mbtfcg we neofeve tlbt fgvestjegt fg oebmerslfp fs tle `ey tc suddess

fg bgy cribgfsbtfcg, wlfoe bt tle sbje tfje meveocpfgi ycur ey bsset-

pecpoe.

Botlcuil Kclg Bmbfr‖s plfocscply wbs dcgdefvem cver 48 yebrs bic,

ft lbs neeg dcgtfgubooy fjprcvem tc egsure ft fs stfoo tle nest fg tle wcrom.

Fts dcgtrfnutfcg tc ycur cribgfsbtfcg wfoo egsure tlbt ycu bre dcjpet-

ftfve fg tcmby‖s dlbooegifgi nusfgess egvfrcgjegt.‚ >6

>< ]le bncve jbterfbo fs quctem arcj; “]le Kclg Bmbfr Lbgmncc` ca Jbgbiejegt bgm Oebmerslfp

(266<), emftem ny Gefo ]lcjbs. Xp2>4-2=4

>6 “]le Bmbfr Oebmerslfp Xrcirbjje‖, Abodcgnury Otm, Ocgmcg



Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Kclg Bmbfr

• Oebmerslfp fs bncut ifvfgi mfredtfcg, prcvfmfgi fgspfrbtfcg,

nufomfgi tebjs, settfgi exbjpoes bgm ibfgfgi bddeptbgde.

• Tcurdes ca oebmerslfp pcwer bre pcsftfcg, perscgbofty bgm

`gcwoemie.

• Bg eaaedtfve oebmer lbs tc ne egtlusfbstfd, lbve fgteirfty,

ne tcuil bgm abfr, lbve lujfofty bgm ne dcgflmegt.

• ]lree vbrfbnoes baaedtfgi oebmerslfp bre tle oebmer, tle sftu-

btfcg bgm tle ircup.

• Oebmers dbg ne trbfgem.

• Oebmerslfp fs b trbgsaerbnoe s`foo.

• Cge ca tle jbfg resuots ca iccm oebmerslfp fs b iccm tebj.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 93/178]EG YB^^EG NEGGFT (26>5-) 96

]EG

Ybrreg Neggfs (26>5-)

‟Oebrgfgi tc ne b oebmer fs vfrtubooy

tle sbje prcdess bs nedcjfgi bg fgteirbtem

bgm lebotly perscg.‚

YB^^EG NEGGFT

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Ybrreg Neggfs fs acrejcst bg butlcrfty cg cribgfsbtfcgbo meveocp-

jegt, oebmerslfp bgm dlbgie. Le fs b Ugfversfty Xrcaesscr bgm

Mfstfgiufslem Xrcaesscr ca Nusfgess Bmjfgfstrbtfcg bt tle Ugfver-

sfty ca Tcutlerg Dbofacrgfb. Le redefvem lfs Xl.M. fg Edcgcjfds bgm

Tcdfbo Tdfegde bt JF] bgm tleg tbuilt bt Tocbg Tdlcco ca Jbgbie-

jegt. Le wbs tle suddesscr tc Mcuiobs JdIreicr bs dlbfrjbg ca

tle cribgfsbtfcg Ttumfes mepbrtjegt bt JF].

Le lbs butlcrem gujercus ncc`s bgm brtfdoes fgdoumfgi Cg Nedcj- fgi b Oebmer, Yly Oebmers Dbg‖t Oebm, Jbgbifgi Xecpoe fs Of e Lermfgi

Dbts; Neggfs cg Oebmerslfp, Oebmers, Bg Fgvegtem Ofae; eedtfcgs cg

Oebmerslfp bgm Dlbgie, Iee`s bgm Ieezers; Lcw Erb, Qboues bgm

Medfmfgi Jcjegts Tlbpe Oebmers.

Le fs b dcgsuotbgt tc jbgy Acrtuge 588 dcjpbgfes.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 94/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE<8


Ybrreg Neggfs lbs neeg mesdrfnem bs iuru ca boo iurus bs abr bs oebm-

erslfp fs dcgdergem. Fg lfs ncc` Cg Nedcjfgi b Oebmer 48le presegts

tle acoocwfgi nbsfds ca oebmerslfp;

• Oebmerslfp fs b iufmfgi vfsfcg.

• Oebmerslfp fs b pbssfcg.

• Oebmerslfp fs fgteirfty wlfdl fgvcoves seoa-`gcwoemie,

dbgmcur bgm jbturfty.

• Oebmerslfp fs durfcsfty.

• Oebmerslfp fs mbrfgi.

Fg mfstfgiufslfgi oebmers arcj jbgbiers, le wrcte, ‟F tegm tc tlfg`

ca tle mfaaeregdes netweeg oebmers bgm jbgbiers bs tle mfaaeregdes

netweeg tlcse wlc jbster tle dcgtext bgm tlcse wlc surregmer tc ft.

]lere bre ctler mfaaeregdes bs weoo, bgm tley bre egcrjcus bgm drudfbo.

• ]le jbgbier bmjfgfsters0 tle oebmer fggcvbtes.

• ]le jbgbier fs b dcpy0 tle oebmer fs bg crfifgbo.

• ]le jbgbier jbfgtbfgs0 tle oebmer meveocps.

• ]le jbgbier acduses cg systejs bgm strudture0 tle oebmer

acduses cg pecpoe.

• ]le jbgbier reofes cg dcgtrco0 tle oebmer fgspfres trust.

• ]le jbgbier lbs b slcrt-rbgie vfew0 tle oebmer lbs b ocgi-

rbgie perspedtfve.

• ]le jbgbier bs`s lcw bgm wleg0 tle oebmer bs`s wlbt bgm

wly.

48 Neggfs, Ybrreg (26<6). “Cg Nedcjfgi b Oebmer ‖. Lutdlfscg.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 95/178]EG YB^^EG NEGGFT (26>5-) <2

• ]le jbgbier lbs lfs eyes bowbys cg tle ncttcj-ofge0 tle oebmer

lbs lfs eye cg tle lcrfzcg.

• ]le jbgbier fjftbtes0 tle oebmer crfifgbtes.

• ]le jbgbier bddepts tle stbtus quc0 tle oebmer dlbooegies ft.

• ]le jbgbier fs tle dobssfd iccm scomfer0 tle oebmer fs lfs cwg

perscg.

• ]le jbgbier mces tlfgis rfilt0 tle oebmer mces tle rfilt tlfgi.‚

Fg lfs fgtervfew42 Neggfs sbfm, ‟]cmby‖s cribgfsbtfcgs bre evcovfgi fgtc

aemerbtfcgs, getwcr`s, dousters, drcss-augdtfcgbo tebjs, tejpcrbry

systejs, bm lcd tbs` acrdes, obttfdes, jcmuoes, jbtrfdes — bojcst

bgytlfgi nut pyrbjfms wftl tlefr cnscoete tcp-mcwg oebmerslfp. ]le

gew oebmer wfoo egdcurbie lebotly mfssegt bgm vboues tlcse acoocwers

dcurbiecus egcuil tc sby sc.

]lfs mces gct jbr` tle egm ca oebmerslfp — nut rbtler tle geem acr b

gew, abr jcre suntoe bgm fgmfredt acrj ca fguegde acr oebmers tc ne

eaaedtfve. ]le gew rebofty fs tlbt fgteooedtubo dbpftbo (nrbfg pcwer, gcwo-

emie bgm lujbg fjbifgbtfcg) lbs suppobgtem dbpftbo bs tle drftfdbo

suddess abdtcr0 oebmers wfoo lbve tc oebrg bg egtfreoy gew set ca s`foos

tlbt bre gct ugmerstccm gcr tbuilt fg cur nusfgess sdlccos bgm, acr

boo ca tlcse rebscgs, rbreoy prbdtfdem.‚

Neggfs bosc dcjjegtem tlbt, ‟tle auture lbs gc sleoa ofae. Auture oebmers

wfoo geem b pbssfcg acr dcgtfgubo oebrgfgi, b reflgem, mfsdergfgi ebr acr

tle jcrbo bgm etlfdbo dcgsequegdes ca tlefr bdtfcgs, bgm bg ugmer-

stbgmfgi ca tle purpcse ca wcr` bgm lujbg cribgfsbtfcgs.‚

42 Nrcwg, Drbfger, Mebrocve bgm cmrfiues (>88>).“Nusfgess Jfgms‖, Afgbgdfbo ]fjes/Xregtfde Lboo.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 96/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE<>

Le cutofgem acur dcjpetegdfes tlbt wfoo meterjfge tle suddess ca gew

oebmerslfp. ]ley bre;

2 ]le gew oebmer ugmerstbgms bgm prbdtfses tle pcwer ca

bppredfbtfcg.

> ]le gew oebmer eeps rejfgmfgi pecpoe ca wlbt fs fjpcrtbgt.

4 ]le gew oebmer sustbfgs bgm iegerbtes trust.

= ]le gew oebmer bgm tle oem bre fgtfjbte boofes.

Fg lfs brtfdoe ]le Oebmerslfp bmvbgtbie4>, le dftes tle acoocwfgi qubo-

ftfes ca b oebmer;

‟]edlgfdbo dcjpetegde; nusfgess ofterbdy bgm irbsp ca cge‖s fleom.

Dcgdeptubo s`foo; b abdfofty acr bnstrbdt cr strbteifd tlfg`fgi.

]rbd` redcrm; b lfstcry ca bdlfevfgi resuots.

Xecpoe s`foos; bg bnfofty tc dcjjugfdbte, jctfvbte bgm meoeibte.

]bste; bg bnfofty tc fmegtfay bgm duotfvbte tboegt.

Kumiejegt ; jb`fgi mfaflduot medfsfcgs fg b slcrt tfjearbje wftl fjper-

aedt mbtb.

Dlbrbdter ; tle quboftfes tlbt meflge wlc ycu bre.

Tegfcr exedutfves seomcj obd` tle flrst tlree bttrfnutes0 rbreoy mc tley

abfo nedbuse ca tedlgfdbo cr dcgdeptubo fgdcjpetegde, gcr mc tley rebdl

lfil oeveos ca respcgsfnfofty wftlcut lbvfgi b strcgi trbd` redcrm. Boo

tlese s`foos bre fjpcrtbgt, nut fg tcjcrrcw‖s wcrom exejpobry oebmers

wfoo ne mfstfgiufslem ny tlefr jbstery ca tle scater sfme; pecpoe s`foos,

tbste, kumiejegt, bgm bncve boo, dlbrbdter.

4> “]le Oebmerslfp Bmvbgtbie‖ ny Ybrreg Neggfs. Oebmer tc Oebmer, Gc. 2> Tprfgi 2666.

lttp;//www.oebmertcoebmer.cri.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 97/178]EG YB^^EG NEGGFT (26>5-) <4

44 Ybrreg Neggfs bgm cnert ]lcjbs (>88>). “Iee`s bgm Ieezers; Lcw Erb, vboues bgm Meflgfgi Jcjegts

Tlbpe Oebmers‖, Lbrvbrm Nusfgess Tdlcco Xress.

Exejpobry oebmers neofeve tley lbve b respcgsfnfofty tc extegm pecpoe‖s

ircwtl bgm tc drebte bg egvfrcgjegt wlere pecpoe dcgstbgtoy oebrg.

]lcse bre tle surest wbys tc iegerbte fgteooedtubo dbpftbo bgm tc use

tlbt dbpftbo tc drebte gew vboue. Fg tle gext degtury, tlbt wfoo ne every

oebmer‖s uotfjbte tbs .‚

Iee`s bgm ieezers

Ybrreg Neggfs wftl cnert K. ]lcjbs punofslem b ncc` egtftoem Iee`s

bgm Ieezers; Lcw Erb, Qboues bgm Meflgfgi Jcjegts Tlbpe Oebmers.44

]le ncc` occ`s bt twc dbteicrfes ca pecpoe — Iee`s (dcje ca bie murfgi

2662->888) irew up “vfrtubo, vfsubo bgm mfiftbo‖ bgm Ieezers (dcje ca

bie murfgi 26=5- 265=) slbpem ny Ycrom Ybr FF. ]lefr resebrdl

suiiestem tlbt tle dcre essegtfbos ca oebmerslfp rejbfgem dcgstbgt

bdrcss iegerbtfcgs.

]le nbsfd prejfse ca tle ncc` fs tlbt boo oebmers ic tlrcuil b “drudfnoe‖

ca scje fgm. ]le mfaaeregt perfcms bgm egvfrcgjegts baaedt tle geems,

dlbrbdters bgm jbturbtfcg prcdesses ca tlese pecpoe bgm, tlereacre,

meflges tle mfaaeregdes fg oebmerslfp styoe.

]lese bre tle acoocwfgi mfaaeregdes netweeg Iee`s bgm Ieezers;

• Iee`s bre jcre bjnftfcus tlbg Ieezers.

• Iee`s pobde b irebter vboue cg nbobgdfgi wcr`—abjfoy ofae.

• Iee`s bre oess of`eoy tc lbve lerces cr oebmerslfp rcoe jcmeostlbg Ieezers.

]lfs ncc` prcjctes cur ugmerstbgmfgi ca tle vboue bgm fjpcrtbgde

ca “drudfnoes‖ bgm fg cur ugmerstbgmfgi ca trbfgfgi oebmers wlc lbve

icge tlrcuil ofae-dlbgifgi tfjes.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 98/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE<=

Oebmerslfp drudfnoes bre fgtegse bgm slbpe b oebmer‖s seoa-ugmer-

stbgmfgi ca lfs cr ler bnfofty tc bmbpt tc b dlbgifgi wcrom. ]le stumy

ugdcverem tlbt seoa-meveocpjegt pobys b drftfdbo rcoe.

]c ugmerstbgm wlbt “Iee`s‖ bppredfbte bosc cpegs up mfaaeregt

bvegues ca jbgbifgi sudl “Iee`s‖.

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Ybrreg Neggfs

• B oebmer lbs tc ne fggcvbtfve.

• B oebmer lbs respcgsfnfofty acr meveocpfgi tboegt.

• B oebmer slcuom fgstftutfcgbofse trust tlrcuilcut tlecribgfsbtfcg.

• B oebmer lbs tc wcr` bs pbrtgers wftl tcmby‖s `gcwoemie

wcr`ers.

• B oebmer lbs tc drebte b tlrfvfgi wcr` egvfrcgjegt.

• B oebmer lbs tc ugmerstbgm tle geems ca lfs acoocwers.

• B oebmer bppredfbtes bgm abdfoftbtes tle rebofsbtfcg ca tle

auoo pctegtfbo ca fgteooedtubo dbpftbo.

• Fg tcjcrrcw‖s wcrom exejpobry oebmers wfoo ne mfstfgiufslem

ny tlefr jbstery ca tle scater sfme; pecpoe s`foos, tbste, kumie-

jegt, bgm, bncve boo, dlbrbdter.

• Oebmerslfp fs gct scoeoy tle preserve ca tlcse bt tle tcp ca

tle cribgfsbtfcg.

• ]rust fs “tle ejctfcgbo ioue tlbt nfgms acoocwers bgm

oebmers tcietler‖.

• ]le twc scurdes ca oebmerslfp bre fgmfvfmubo bgm cribgf-

sbtfcg settfgi.

• Oebrgfgi tc ne bg eaaedtfve oebmer fs gc mfaaeregt tlbg oebrg-

fgi tc ne bg eaaedtfve perscg.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 99/178EOEQEG ^CTBNE]L JCTT @BG]E^ (26=4-) <5

EOEQEG

^csbnetl Jcss @bgter (26=4-)

‟]le twegtfetl degtury wbs tle bie ca jbdlfge0

tle twegty-flrst degtury wfoo ne tle bie ca pecpoe.‚

^CTBNE]L JCTT @BG]E^

Iuru‖s prcfloe

^csbnetl Jcss @bgter wlc wbs ncrg fg 26=4 fs Ergest O. Brnud`oe

Xrcaesscr ca Nusfgess Bmjfgfstrbtfcg bt Lbrvbrm Nusfgess Tdlcco.

Tle kcfgem tle Lbrvbrm Nusfgess Tdlcco abduoty fg 26<1 arcj Vboe

Ugfversfty. Tle lbs redefvem gujercus lcgcrbry mcdtcrbtes bgm bncut

b mczeg oebmerslfp bwbrms. Tle lbs neeg gbjem tcp ca tle ofst ca tle

“58 jcst fguegtfbo nusfgess tlfg`ers fg tle wcrom‖, cge ca tle tcp >8

nusfgess iurus bgm 58tl jcst pcwerauo wcjeg fg tle wcrom. Tle

bmvfses jbkcr dcrpcrbtfcgs bgm vbrfcus icvergjegts.


Xrcaesscr @bgter spedfbofses fg strbteiy, fggcvbtfcg bgm oebmerslfp.

Acr tle purpcse ca tlfs ncc` F lbve sfgioem cut Xrcaesscr @bgter‖s

dcgtrfnutfcg fg reobtfcg tc jbgbifgi pecpoe.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 100/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE<1

Ejpcwerjegt

cribgfsbtfcgs slcuom jbè pcwer jcre bddessfnoe. Ejpcwerfgi ycur

ejpocyees abdfoftbtes fggcvbtfcg.

‟Bg fggcvbtfgi cribgfsbtfcg geems b wcràcrde bt boo oeveos tlbt lbve

gct nedcje stud` fg tle rlytlj ca rcutfge kcns tlbt ft dbggct ebsfoy

bmbpt tc b gew mrujnebt. Acr dlbgie tc ne b wby ca ofae rbtler tlbg

bg cddbsfcgbo trbujbtfsfgi slcd`, tle “Fgmfbgs‖ bs weoo bs tle “Dlfeas‖

lbve tc ne egibiem fg dlbgie jb`fgi bgm dlbgie jbstery — wlfoe

stfoo mcfgi tlefr gedessbry kcns.‚ 4=

Fggcvbtfve cribgfsbtfcgs slcuom fgvcove tlefr ejpocyees fg dcjfgi

up wftl fggcvbtfve fmebs. cribgfsbtfcgbo duoture slcuom iet rfm ca tle

seijegtbtfcg ca tle cribgfsbtfcg — cgoy jfmmoe cr tcp oeveo pecpoe

iet fgvcovem fg fggcvbtfcg.

Ejpocyees wlc bre ejpcwerem bgm bre fgvcovem fg fggcvbtfcg

nedcje jcre sbtfsflem wftl tlefr kcns bgm tlereacre jcre prcmudtfve.

Jbgbifgi pecpoe fg bg fggcvbtfve cribgfsbtfcg fs bncut ifvfgi tle

cppcrtugfty tc pecpoe tc meveocp bgm tc jbè b dcgtrfnutfcg tc strbte-

ifd cnkedtfves.

‟Ejpocyees dbg ne egerifsem — egibiem fg prcnoej scovfgi bgm

jcnfofsem acr dlbgie — ny tlefr fgvcovejegt fg b pbrtfdfpbtfve strud-

ture tlbt perjfts tlej tc vegture neycgm tlefr gcrjbo wcr` rcoes tc

tbdòe jebgfgiauo fssues. ]ley ibfg bg experfegde ca tle dcjjugftbs

ca tebjwcr` cg b spedfbo prckedt — tc use Qfdtcr ]urger‖s terj acr mrbjbs

ca lfil fgvcovejegt — wlfdl ofats tlej cut ca tle lujmruj, repetftfve

rcutfges ca tlefr pobde fg tle cgicfgi strudture.‚ 45

Yrftfgi bncut pcst-fgmustrfbo cribgfsbtfcgs, @bgter sbys, ‟Xcst-

egtrepregeurfbo strbteifes lcom cut tle prcjfse ca jcre sbtfsabdtfcg

bgm rewbrms acr pecpoe, nut jcre ca tlcse negeflts bre dcgtfgiegt cg

wlbt tle fgmfvfmubo — bgm tle tebj — mces bgm gct cg wlbt tle dcrpc-

4= ^csbnetl Jcss @bgter (26<4). “]le Dlbgie Jbsters‖ Ugwfg Xbpernbd`s. Xp2<2

45 fnfm pp >84.



rbtfcg butcjbtfdbooy prcvfmes. …tle exdftejegt ca prckedts fg wlfdl

pecpoe bre ejpcwerem tc bdt cg tlefr cwg fmebs jb`e wcr jcre sbtfs-

ayfgi bgm jcre bnscrnfgi, fgdrebsfgi tle segse ca bddcjpofsljegt.

]le cppcrtugfty tc ne essegtfbooy fg nusfgess acr cgeseoa, fgsfme cr cutsfme

tle obrie dcrpcrbtfcg, puts jcre dcgtrco fg tle lbgms ca sjbooer ircups. Bgm nedbuse tlese dcgsequegdes ca tle slfat tc pcst-egtrepregeurfbo

strbteifes bre jcre jctfvbtfgi acr pecpoe, tle dcrpcrbtfcg slcuom rebp

negeflts, tcc, fg fgdrebsem prcmudtfvfty.‚ 41

Jctfvbtfgi ycur stbaa ^csbnetl Jcss @bgter suiiests tle acoocwfgi iufmeofges acr prbfs-

fgi exdeooegt peracrjbgde bgm deoenrbtfgi bdlfevejegts;

X^FGDFXOE 2

Ejplbsfse suddess rbtler tlbg abfoure. Vcu tegm tc jfss tle pcsftfves

fa ycu bre nusfoy sebrdlfgi acr tle geibtfves.

X^FGDFXOE >

Meofver redcigftfcg bgm rewbrm fg bg cpeg bgm punofdfsem wby. Fa gct

jbme punofd, redcigftfcg ocses judl ca fts fjpbdt bgm meaebts judl

ca tle purpcse acr wlfdl ft fs prcvfmem.

X^FGDFXOE 4

Meofver redcigftfcg fg b perscgbo bgm lcgest jbgger. Bvcfm prcvfm-

fgi redcigftfcg tlbt fs tcc “sofd`‖ cr cverprcmudem.

X^FGDFXOE =

]bfocr ycur redcigftfcg bgm rewbrm tc tle ugfque geems ca tle pecpoe

fgvcovem. Lbvfgi jbgy redcigftfcg bgm rewbrm cptfcgs wfoo egbnoe

41 ^csbnetl Jcss @bgter (26<6). “Yleg Ifbgts Oebrg tc Mbgde‖, Tfjcg & Tdluster. Xp 451.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 102/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE<<

jbgbiers tc bd`gcwoemie bddcjpofsljegt fg wbys bpprcprfbte tc

tle pbrtfduobrs ca b ifveg sftubtfcg, seoedtfgi arcj b obrie jegu ca

pcssfnfoftfes.

X^FGDFXOE 5

]fjfgi fs drudfbo. redcigfse dcgtrfnutfcg tlrcuilcut b prckedt.

êwbrm dcgtrfnutfcg docse tc tle tfje bg bdlfevejegt fs rebofsem. ]fje

meobys webèg tle fjpbdt ca jcst rewbrms.

X^FGDFXOE 1

Ttrfve acr b doebr, ugbjnfiucus bgm weoo-dcjjugfdbtem dcggedtfcg

netweeg bddcjpofsljegts bgm rewbrms. Ne sure pecpoe ugmerstbgm

wly tley redefve bwbrms bgm tle drfterfb usem tc meterjfge rewbrms.

X^FGDFXOE 9

redcigfse redcigftfcg. ]lbt fs, redcigfse pecpoe wlc redcigfse

ctlers acr mcfgi wlbt fs nest acr tle dcjpbgy.49

Oebmerslfp

cribgfsbtfcgs lbve neeg sunkedtem tc tlree extergbo acrdes, gbjeoy,

Iocnbofsbtfcg, fgacrjbtfcg tedlgcociy bgm fgmustry dcgscofmbtfcg. Fg

b dlbgifgi nusfgess dofjbte, tle rcoe ca b oebmer fg dlbgie bmept cribg-

fsbtfcgs fs tc;

• egdcurbie fggcvbtfcg0

• meofver perscgbo dcjpetegde0

• tc ne cpeg bgm lcgest0

• extegm tle cribgfsbtfcg rebdl0

49 ^csbnetl Jcss @bgter — “ Lcofmby Ifat — Deoenrbtfgi Ejpocyee Bdlfevejegts‖, Jbgbiejegt

êvfew, Medejner 26<1.



• tc ne prcbdtfve tc mfsdcgtfgufty0 bgm

• tc ofsteg tc dustcjers.

Oebmers, nesfmes pcssessfgi pbssfcg, dcgvfdtfcg bgm dcgflmegde, slcuom

wcr` wftl lfs/ler acoocwers bs pbrtgers fg dlbgie. Le/sle slcuom drebte

b getwcr` ca ofstegfgi pcsts.

]ley bosc lbve tc drebte “`boefmcsdcpe tlfg`fgi‖ — flt mfaaeregt pbrts

ca tle cribgfsbtfcg tcietler. Dcgstbgtoy revfew bssujptfcgs bncut

ycur nusfgess. Occ` tc slbè up tle pbtterg ca ycur nusfgess. Ft fs

bosc fjpcrtbgt tc dcjjugfdbte ycur bspfrbtfcg. Acrj b dcboftfcg wftl

ycur ejpocyees bgm pbrtgers. Xrcvfme suppcrt ny wby ca rescurdes

bgm dcbdlfgi. Ne fgvcovem fg tle dlbgie prcdess. Cge ca tle jfstbès

oebmers jbè fg b dlbgie prcdess fs tc obugdl tlej bgm oebve tlej.

redcigfse, rewbrm bgm deoenrbte bdlfevejegts.4<

Xrcaesscr @bgter wbs bsèm, “Ylbt styoe ca oebmerslfp mc ycu ofè

tcmby3‖

‟F just sby tlbt tcmby F see jbgy ca tle sbje dlbrbdterfstfds tlbt F wbs

tbo`fgi bncut — b aree bgm cpeg spfrft ca fgqufry. Yfoofgigess tc dlbo-

oegie crtlcmcxy bgm bssujptfcgs, bgm tc dlbrt gew mfredtfcg.

Jy meflgftfcg ca oebmerslfp fs tlbt wlfdl oebves tle wcrom b netter bgm

mfaaeregt pobde, tlbt fs ycu oebm pecpoe fg b gew mfredtfcg tc scove prcn-

oejs bgm jbè gew tlfgis lbppeg. Vcu stretdl pecpoe tc bdlfeve tlfgis

tley mfmg‖t tlfg were pcssfnoe. Tc ft stbrts wftl tlbt sbje spfrft ca mfbociue

bgm durfcsfty bgm ca oebmers seefgi tlbt tlere fs stfoo wcr` tc ne mcge0

tlbt fs we lbveg‖t scovem every prcnoej, we lbve gct fjprcvem tle wcrom

suafldfegtoy. ]ley tleg dlbooegie bssujptfcgs, dlbrt gew mfredtfcgs bgm

fgspfre ctlers wftl tle pcwer ca tlefr vfsfcg. ]ley drebte b suppcrt systej

cr strudture tlbt jbès ft pcssfnoe tc iet tle rescurdes bgm dremfnfofty.

]ley gurture b tebj tlbt mces tle bdtubo wcr`, tley persfst, bgm tley

jbè lerces cut ca boo tle pecpoe wlc lbve wcrèm wftl tlej.‚ 46

4< ]lese pcfgts lbve neeg extrbdtem arcj “]le Egmurfgi T`foos ca Dlbgie Oebmers‖ ny ^csbnetl

Jcss @bgter. Oebmer tc Oebmer Gc. 24, Tujjer, 2666.

46 Fgtervfew wftl Fvy Nusfgess Kcurgbo.



Oesscgs oebrgt arcj ^csbnetl Jcss @bgter

• Oebmers slcuom lbve dcgvfdtfcg, dcjjftjegt bgm ne eaaed-

tfve dcjjugfdbtcrs.

• ]ley slcuom ne iccm ofstegers.

• ]ley slcuom questfcg nusfgess bssujptfcgs dcgstbgtoy.

• ]ley slcuom ne pbssfcgbte bgm acrj dcboftfcgs.

• ]ley slcuom trbgsjft vboues bgm prfcrftfes tc boo tle

ejpocyees fg tle cribgfsbtfcg.

• ]ley slcuom abdfoftbte oebrgfgi fg tle cribgfsbtfcg.

• Oebmers fg b jcmerg wcrom lbve tc ne acdusem, abst, ex-

fnoe, arfegmoy bgm abfr.

• Mfsreibrm tle “ncss‖ jegtbofty bgm bmcpt tle “pbrtger‖

jegtbofty.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 105/178]YEOQE XE]E^ TEGIE (26=9-) 62

]YEOQE

Xeter Tegie (26=9-)

‟B oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg fs b ircup ca pecpoe

wlc bre dcgtfgubooy eglbgdfgi tlefr dbpbnfoftfes

tc drebte wlbt tley wbgt tc drebte.‚

XE]E^ TEGIE

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Xeter Tegie wbs ncrg fg 26=9 Le fs b segfcr oedturer bt tle Jbssb-

dlusetts Fgstftute ca ]edlgcociy. Le redefvem b N.T. fg Egifgeerfgi

arcj Ttbgacrm Ugfversfty bgm bg J.T. fg Tcdfbo Tystejs Jcmeoofgi

bgm b Xl.M. fg Jbgbiejegt arcj JF].

Lfs brebs ca spedfbo fgterest acdus cg medegtrbofsfgi tle rcoe ca oebm-

erslfp fg cribgfsbtfcgs fg crmer tc eglbgde tle dbpbdfty ca ejpocyees

tc wcr` eaaedtfveoy.

Lfs ncc` ]le Afatl Mfsdfpofge; ]le brt bgm Xrbdtfde ca tle Oebrgfgi cribg-

fsbtfcg (2668) nedbje wfmeoy bddobfjem. Lbrvbrm Nusfgess ^evfew

fmegtfflem lfs ncc` bs cge ca tle sejfgbo jbgbiejegt ncc`s ca tle

pbst 59 yebrs.




Mr. Tegie estbnofslem lfs gbje fg tle fleom ca Oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg.

Le lbs egbnoem jbgy oebmfgi emie dcrpcrbtfcgs tc fjprcve tlefr oebrg-

fgi dbpbdfty.

]le oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg

Bddcrmfgi tc Xeter Tegie, tlere bre flve essegtfbo mfsdfpofges acr b

oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg;

2 Xerscgbo jbstery.

> Jegtbo jcmeos.

4 Tlbrem vfsfcg.

= ]ebj oebrgfgi.

5 Tystejs tlfg`fgi.

]lese mfsdfpofges reobte tc ‟ b slfat ca jfgm arcj seefgi pbrts tc seefgi

wlcoes, arcj seefgi pecpoe bs leopoess rebdtcrs tc seefgi tlej bs bdtfve

pbrtfdfpbgts fg slbpfgi tlefr rebofty, arcj rebdtfgi tc tle presegt tc drebt-

fgi tle auture.‚ =8

Oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcgs bre ‟cribgfsbtfcgs wlere pecpoe dcgtfgubooy

expbgm tlefr dbpbdfty tc drebte tle resuots tley truoy mesfre, wlere gew

bgm expbgsfve pbttergs ca tlfg`fgi bre gurturem, wlere dcooedtfve bspfrbtfcg fs set aree, bgm wlere pecpoe bre dcgtfgubooy oebrgfgi tc see tle

wlcoe tcietler.‚ =2

=8 Fnfm. pp 16

=2 Xeter J. Tegie (2668). “]le Afatl Mfsdfpofge; ]le Brt & Xrbdtfde ca tle Oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg‖.

Degtury. Xp.4



]le ejplbsfs fs cg pecpoe wftlfg cribgfsbtfcgs wbgtfgi tc oebrg bgm

wbgtfgi tc meveocp tlefr tboegt abdfoftbtem ny cribgfsbtfcgbo duoture.

Jbgbifgi pecpoe wftlfg tle dcgtext ca tle oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg

mejbgms b dcoobncrbtfve bgm tcoerbgt duoture tlbt nrfgis bncut bofig-

jegt ca cribgfsbtfcgbo bgm perscgbo icbos. Ft fs b duoture tlbt egbnoespecpoe tc re-drebte tlejseoves.

Xerscgbo jbstery

Xerscgbo jbstery fs acdusem cg fgmfvfmubos. Ft fs fgmfvfmubos fg tle cribg-

fsbtfcg wlc oebrg, drebte `gcwoemie bgm trbgsacrj `gcwoemie fgtc

cribgfsbtfcgbo `gcwoemie.

Yftlcut fgmfvfmubos tlere fs gc oebrgfgi. ‟Xerscgbo jbstery ices neycgm

dcjpetegde bgm s`foos, tlcuil ft fs ircugmem fg dcjpetegde bgm s`foos.

Ft ices neycgm spfrftubo ugacomfgi cr cpegfgi, botlcuil ft requfres spfr-

ftubo ircwtl. Ft jebgs bpprcbdlfgi cge‖s ofae bs b drebtfve wcr`, ofvfgi

ofae arcj b drebtfve bs cppcsem tc rebdtfve vfewpcfgt.‚ =>

Dcjpcgegts ca perscgbo jbstery fgdoume fgmfvfmubos‖ vboues, dcgtfg-

ucusoy bs`fgi bgm dobrfayfgi wlbt fs fjpcrtbgt bgm oebrgfgi tc see

rebofty jcre doebroy. ]lfs mfsdfpofge fs very mfaflduot tc ugmerstbgm acr

lbrm-gcsem nusfgess pecpoe. Gevertleoess, perscgbo jbstery fs very

fjpcrtbgt acr wcr`ers wlc lbve mfaaeregt vboues bgm bspfrbtfcgs bgm

wbgt bg cppcrtugfty tc exbjfge tlejseoves. Xerscgbo jbstery fs bncut

tctbo seoa-meveocpjegt.

Jegtbo jcmeos

Ebdl fgmfvfmubo lbs bg “fgtergbo‖ fjbie ca tle wcrom nbsem cg dertbfg

bssujptfcgs. Fgmfvfmubo nelbvfcur fs iufmem ny tlese jegtbo jcmeos

wlfdl bre tle resuot ca cur experfegde, emudbtfcg bgm egvfrcgjegt.

=> fnfm. pp2=2.



Jegtbo jcmeos dbg bgm mc, dcgstftute nbrrfers tc oebrgfgi. Fa we

perdefve tlbt tle cribgfsbtfcg we wcr` acr mces gct dbre acr cur meveo-

cpjegt cr bspfrbtfcgs, cr fs ugabfr fg fts mebofgis, we wfoo bdt

bddcrmfgioy ny gct jb`fgi bg eaaedtfve dcgtrfnutfcg tc tle cribgf-

sbtfcg. (]le “F bj gct boo rfilt- ycu bre gct boo rfilt‖ sygmrcje.)

Jegtbo jcmeos baaedt us fg b wby we jb`e medfsfcgs bgm nelbve fgter-

perscgbooy. ‟]le mfsdfpofge ca jegtbo jcmeos stbrts wftl turgfgi tle

jfrrcr fgwbrm0 oebrgfgi tc ugebrtl cur fgtergbo pfdtures ca tle wcrom,

tc nrfgi tlej tc tle surabde bgm lcom tlej rficrcusoy tc sdrutfgy.‚ =4

Tlbrem vfsfcg

Tlbrem vfsfcg fgdcrpcrbtes tle fgvcovejegt ca jbgy fgmfvfmubos. Every-

cge fg tle cribgfsbtfcg lbs tc ugmerstbgm tle vfsfcg ca tle nusfgess

bgm ne fgvcovem fg fjpoejegtfgi ft. B slbrem vfsfcg ifves jebgfgi

tc wcr` bgm ft prcjpts dcgtrfnutfcg bgm eaacrt. Ft fs bg eaaedtfve fgdeg-

tfve acr oebrgfgi — b wby ca wfggfgi tle “lebrts bgm jfgms‖ ca ejpocyees.

Yleg vfsfcg fs slbrem tle tbs` nedcjes pbrt ca tle seoa. ‟Yleg tlere

fs b iegufge vfsfcg (bs cppcsem tc tle boo-tc-abjfofbr “vfsfcg stbtejegt‖),

pecpoe exdeo bgm oebrg, gct nedbuse tley bre tcom tc, nut nedbuse tley

wbgt tc.‚ ==

]ebj oebrgfgi

Fgmfvfmubos nrbfgstcrj, lbve dcgversbtfcgs, exdlbgie experfegdes,

wcr` cg prckedts fg tebjs. Xecpoe geem tc ne bnoe tc wcr` tcietler.

Bt tle egm ca ebdl prckedt cr bssfigjegt, tebj jejners dbg reedt

cg bdlfevejegts, tlefr dcjpetegdfes bgm tlefr experfegdes. ]ebj oebrg-

fgi iegerbtes sygeriy wftlfg tle cribgfsbtfcg.

=4 Fnfm. pp 6.

== fnfm pp6.



Tystejs tlfg`fgi

]le Afatl Mfsdfpofge.

Tystejs tlfg`fgi fgteirbtes tle ctler acur mfsdfpofges bgm ft egbnoes

tle cribgfsbtfcg tc see tle “nfi pfdture‖. Tystejs tlfg`fgi fs augmb-jegtbo tc bgy oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg. Yftlcut systejs tlfg`fgi, ebdl

ca tle ctler mfsdfpofges wfoo ne fscobtem, wlfdl wfoo gct leop iegerbte

cribgfsbtfcgbo oebrgfgi.

Drftfdfsjs ca Xeter Tegie‖s tlecry • Ft fs tcc plfocscplfdbo bgm scplfstfdbtem acr prbdtfsfgi

jbgbiers.

• cribgfsbtfcgs bre fgterestem fg slcrt-terj resuots.

• Ejpocyees fg westerg duotures bre gct usem tc turgfgi tlefr

jfrrcrs fgwbrm.

• cribgfsbtfcgs meflge oebrgfgi fg b gbrrcw wby — oebrgfgi tc

tlej fs bncut trbfgfgi tlefr ejpocyees tc ne eafldfegt.

• Ft figcres tle exfstegde ca cribgfsbtfcgbo pcoftfds.

• cribgfsbtfcgs fg iegerbo bre fgterestem fg qufd` flxes tc sbtfsay

tlefr `ey stb`elcomers.



Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Xeter Tegie

• Ye oebrg nest arcj cur experfegde.

• Gct bppredfbtfgi tle fjpcrtbgde ca systejs tlecry oebmstc b duoture ca nobje bgm meaegsfve nelbvfcur.

• Fgmfvfmubo oebrgfgi oebms tc cribgfsbtfcgbo oebrgfgi.

• B duoture ca oebrgfgi abdfoftbtes meveocpjegt ca tboegt bgm

gew crfegtbtfcgs.

• Tlbre dcrpcrbte vfsfcg tlrcuilcut ycur cribgfsbtfcg.

• Oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcgs jctfvbte fgmfvfmubos tc wcr` fg tebjs

eaaedtfveoy bgm tc prcjcte lcgest bgm cpeg dcjjugfdbtfcg.

• Oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcgs requfre b gew vfew ca oebmerslfp.

• Oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcgs mejbgm oebmers wlc bre fgspfrb-

tfcgbo bgm wlc dbg bdt bs mesfigers, stewbrms bgm tebdlers.

• Oebmers slcuom ne respcgsfnoe acr drebtfgi bg egvfrcgjegt

wlfdl fs dcgmudfve tc pecpoe meveocpfgi gew dbpbnfoftfes.

• Mc gct dcgause rbg` wftl oebmerslfp.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 111/178]LF^]EEG IEE^] LCAT]EME (26><-) 69

]LF^]EEG

Ieert Lcasteme (26><-)

‟Every perscg dbrrfes wftlfg lfj cr lerseoa

pbttergs ca tlfg`fgi, aeeofgi bgm pctegtfbo bdtfgi

wlfdl were oebrgem tlrcuilcut tlefr ofaetfje.‚

IEE^] LCAT]EME

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Ieert Lcasteme wbs ncrg fg 26><. Le redefvem lfs J.Td. arcj Meat

Fgstftute ca ]edlgcociy fg 2654 bgm lfs Xl.M. arcj Ircgfgieg Ugfver-

sfty fg 2619. Lfs dbreer lbs jcvem netweeg fgmustry bgm bdbmejfb.


Mr. Lcasteme nedbje weoo-`gcwg acr lfs wcr` fg duoturbo stumfes. Le

presegtem acur mfjegsfcgs ca duoture. ]ley bre pcwer Mfstbgde, Fgmf-

vfmubofsj bgm Dcooedtfvfsj, Jbsduofgfty bgm Aejfgfgfty, bgm

Ugdertbfgty Bvcfmbgde. Lcasteme mesdrfnes duoture bs tle ‟dcooedtfve

prcirbjjfgi ca tle jfgm‚ .

Xcwer mfstbgde; Le meflges Xcwer Mfstbgde bs ‟tle extegt tc wlfdl

tle oess pcwerauo jejners ca fgstftutfcgs bgm cribgfsbtfcgs wftlfg b

dcugtry express bgm bddept tlbt pcwer fs mfstrfnutem equbooy.‚ =5

=5 Ieert Lcastem (266=). “Duotures bgm cribgfsbtfcgs; Tcatwbre ca tle Jfgm‖, LbrperDcoofgs. Xp><



Xecpoe fg b lfil pcwer mfstbgde duoture bre dcjacrtbnoe wftl tle stbtus

bddcrmem tc vbrfcus ircups ca pecpoe. Fg terjs ca oebmerslfp tley lbve

b lfil mepegmegde cg tlefr ncsses. ]lefr preaeregdes bre acr bg butc-

drbtfd type ca oebmerslfp.

‟Xcpuobr jbgbiejegt ofterbture cg “oebmerslfp‖ categ acriets tlbt oebm-

erslfp dbg cgoy exfst bs b dcjpoejegt tc “suncrmfgbteslfp‖. ]le jcrbo

acr jbgbiers fs; fa ycu wbgt tc gcw lcw ycur suncrmfgbtes see ycu,

mcg‖t try tc occ` fg tle jfrrcr0 tlbt kust prcmudes wfslauo tlfg`fgi. ]urg

brcugm 2<8 meirees bgm abde ycur cwg ncss.‚

cribgfsbtfcgs fg b lfil pcwer mfstbgde duoture degtrbofse pcwer. ]le

strudture fs very lferbrdlfdbo. Tuperfcrs bre egtftoem tc prfvfoeies.

Fg b ocw pcwer mfstbgde duoture equbofty prevbfos bgm tle sftubtfcg fs

cppcsfte tc lfil pcwer mfstbgde sftubtfcgs.

Fgmfvfmubofsj bgm dcooedtfvfsj

Tudl b duoture ejplbsfses tle meiree tle scdfety refgacrdes fgmfvfm-

ubo cr dcooedtfve bdlfevejegt. Fgmfvfmubos ugmer bg fgmfvfmubo‖s

duoture bre suppcsem tc occ` bater lfj cr ler, bgm perscgbo reobtfcg-

slfps bre occse. Fg dcooedtfvfsj fgterperscgbo reobtfcgslfps bre strcgi

bgm ircup geems rbg` lfiler tlbg tlcse ca fgmfvfmubos.

Fgmfvfmubos preaer tc lbve tfje cg tlefr lbgms bgm areemcj tc pursue

dlbooegies. cribgfsbtfcgs ejpocyfgi sudl pecpoe slcuom strudture kcnscr tbs`s tc jeet sudl geems.

Fg b dcooedtfvfst duoture ft fs fjpcrtbgt acr fgmfvfmubos tc wcr` wftlfg

ircups bgm tebjs bgm ircup ocyboty nedcjes fjpcrtbgt.

cribgfsbtfcg duotures mfaaer mepegmfgi cg fgmfvfmubofst cr dcooedtfvfst

duoture. ]lfs lbs fjpofdbtfcgs acr jbgbifgi pecpoe mepegmfgi cg

wletler ycu bre jbgbifgi wftlfg bg fgmfvfmubofst duoture, fg wlfdl

dbse peracrjbgde fs jcgftcrem cg bg fgmfvfmubo nbsfs, cr b dcooedtfvfst

duoture, fg wlfdl dbse peracrjbgde fs nbsem cg tebj cr ircup wcr`.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 113/178]LF^]EEG IEE^] LCAT]EME (26><-) 66

Jbsduofgfty bgm aejfgfgfty

B lfil jbsduofge duoture acduses cg tle lfil meiree tle scdfety refg-

acrdes tle wcr` rcoe jcmeo ca jboe bdlfevejegt. Tudl rcoe ejplbsfses

tle fjpcrtbgde ca ebrgfgi, redcigftfcg, bmvbgdejegt bgm dlbooegie.

‟Fg b jbsduofge scdfety, tle etlcs tegms jcre tcwbrm “ofve fg crmer tc

wcr`‖ .=1

B lfil aejfgfgfty duoture ejplbsfses tle fjpcrtbgde ca iccm wcr`fgi

reobtfcgslfps, dc-cperbtfcg bgm sedurfty. Dcgfdt fs rescovem ny

geictfbtfcg bgm dcjprcjfse.

]le oebmerslfp styoe fg b jbsduofge duoture fs jcre iebrem tcwbrms

nefgi bssertfve bgm medfsfve, bgm jb`fgi medfsfcgs wftlcut dcgsuo-

tbtfcg. Fg b aejfgfge duoture, cg tle ctler lbgm, b oebmer of`es tc brrfve

bt b medfsfcg ny dcgsegsus.

Ugdertbfgty bvcfmbgde

]lfs reedts tle oeveo ca tcoerbgde acr ugdertbfgty bgm bjnfiufty wftlfg

tle scdfety. B lfil ugdertbfgty bvcfmbgde slcws b ocw tcoerbgde acr

ugdertbfgty bgm vfde versb. Fg sudl b sftubtfcg obws bgm ruoes prevbfo

fg bnugmbgde.

‟Fg terjs ca oebmerslfp bgm fggcvbtfcg, web` ugdertbfgty bvcfmbgde

oebms tc tcoerbgde ca jfstb`es bgm egdcurbiejegt tc ne fggcvbtfve.

Bddcrmfgi tc Lcasteme, mfaaeregdes fg ugdertbfgty bvcfmbgde fjpoy mfaaer-egdes fg jctfvbtfcg pbttergs nut tle pfdture nedcjes doebrer wleg we

sfjuotbgecusoy dcgsfmer tle jbsduofgfty-aejfgfgfty mfjegsfcg.‚ =9

=1 fnfm pp64.

=9 Fnfm pp2>4.



Drftfdfsjs ca Lcasteme‖s tlecry

• ]le tlecry fs judl iegerbofsem bgm fs nbsem cg abuoty

bssujptfcgs.

• Lfs questfcggbfres were duoturbooy nfbsem.

• Le figcrem tle exfstegde ca pourbofty ca duotures wftlfg bg

cribgfsbtfcg.

Mespfte tlese drftfdfsjs Lcasteme‖s tlecry lbs nedcje very pcpuobr

bs abr bs ugmerstbgmfgi ca gbtfcgbo duotures fs dcgdergem bgm tlefr

fjpofdbtfcgs wftlfg tle dcgtext ca mcfgi nusfgess bdrcss ncrmers.

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Ieert Lcasteme

• Xecpoe nelbve mfaaeregtoy fg mfaaeregt duotures.

• Bg fgsfilt fgtc mfaaeregt duotures prcjctes cur ugmer-

stbgmfgi ca lcw tc jbgbie pecpoe eaaedtfveoy.

• Duoturbo stumfes eglbgde tle peracrjbgde ca juotf-duoturbotebjs.

• Duoturbo stumfes jfgfjfse jfsugmerstbgmfgi bgm fjprcves

dcoobncrbtfcg netweeg nusfgesses bdrcss vbrfcus duotures.

• Oebmers just redcigfse tle fjpcrtbgde bgm fguegde ca

mfaaerfgi duotures.

• Duoture mfaaeregdes slcuom fgaouegde tle cribgfsbtfcgjfssfcg bgm vboue stbtejegts.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 115/178ACU^]EEG F@UKF^C GCGB@B (2645-) 282

ACU^]EEG

Fùkfrc Gcgb`b (2645-)

‟Fggcvbtfcg prcdess fs gct sfjpoy fgacrjbtfcg

prcdessfgi. Ft‖s b prcdess tc dbpture drebte,

oeverbie bgm retbfg `gcwoemie.‚

F@UKF^C GCGB@B

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Xrcaesscr Fù`frc Gcgb`b wbs ncrg fg 2645 bgm cntbfgem lfs meiree

fg Xcoftfds bgm Edcgcjfds bt Ybsemb Ugfversfty. Le ibfgem lfs

Mcdtcrbte arcj Nerèoey Dcooeie ca Dbofacrgfb Ttbte Ugfversfty fg 269>.


Gcgb`b jbme lfs gbje fg tle fleom ca `gcwoemie jbgbiejegt. Boocribgfsbtfcgs, nfi cr sjboo, acr prcflt bgm gct-acr-prcflt, lbve tc jbè

medfsfcgs wftlfg tle dcgtext ca dlbgies tb`fgi pobde fgsfme tle

cribgfsbtfcg bgm fg tle extergbo egvfrcgjegt.

Dlbgies fg tle scdfc-edcgcjfd egvfrcgjegt, dlbgies fg jbrèt dcgmf-

tfcgs, dlbgies fg pcoftfdbo fmecocifes bgm sc cg, boo baaedt lcw we mc

cur nusfgess tcmby. Ft fs fjperbtfve acr ocgi-terj survfvbo tc jcgftcr

tlese dlbgies bgm dcooedt fgacrjbtfcg. Dcooedtfgi fgacrjbtfcg bgm



nufomfgi boo fgms ca mbtbnbse fs gct egcuil. ]lfs fgacrjbtfcg lbs tc

ne put fgtc dcgtext bgm usem. ]lfs prbdtfde oebms tc tle drebtfcg bgm

use ca `gcwoemie.

@gcwoemie fs bg bppredfbtfgi bsset0 tle jcre ft fs usem tle jcre eaaed-

tfve fts bppofdbtfcg. ]lere fs b nfi mfaaeregde fg mbtb, fgacrjbtfcg bgm

`gcwoemie. cribgfsbtfcgbo gcwoemie fs gct bncut F]. ]le acoocwfgi

brtfdoe presegts b mcwg-tc-ebrtl expobgbtfcg ca tle gbture ca gcwo-

emie bgm fts fjpcrtbgde.

Jbgbifgi `gcwoemie wftlcut tebrs

— ny Tuotbg @erjbooy

Neacre expocrfgi tle fjpcrtbgde ca jbgbifgi `gcwoemie bgm

@gcwoemie wcrèrs ft fs fjpcrtbgt tc mfspeo tle acoocwfgi jytlsbncut jbgbifgi `gcwoemie;

JV]L GC 2

@GCYOEMIE JBGBIEJEG] FT BNCU] ]EDLGCOCIV.

Yrcgi. @gcwoemie bs sudl lbs gctlfgi tc mc wftl tedlgcociy.

]edlgcociy fs jereoy bg egbnoer. @gcwoemie fs bncut XECXOE

bgm lcw tley bre jbgbiem tc dcoobncrbte bgm slbre tlefr expe-

rfegdes bgm trust cge bgctler fg exdlbgifgi gcwoemie ibfgem.

‟...tle truoy revcoutfcgbry fjpbdt ca tle Fgacrjbtfcg evcou-

tfcg fs gct brtffldfbo fgteoofiegde, fgacrjbtfcg, cr tle eaaedt ca

dcjputers bgm mbtb prcdessfgi cg medfsfcg-jb`fgi, pcofdy

jb fgi cr strbteiy. ]le ey tc dcgtfguem ircwtl bgm Oebm-

erslfp fg tle Gew Edcgcjy fs gct eoedtrcgfds ca dcjputers

nut tle dcigftfve s`foos ca tle “`gcwoemie wcrèrs‖.‚

XE]E^ MÛD@E^



JV]L GC. >

JBGBIFGI @GCYOEMIE ÊRUFÊT ]LE BXXCFG]JEG] CA @GCYO-

EMIE TXEDFBOFT]T BGM ]LE BDRUFTF]FCG CA @GCYOEMIE TVT]EJT

Yrcgi. Ejpocyees bre “`gcwoemie wcrèrs‖ bgm wlbt fs geemem

fs gct tle bppcfgtjegt ca spedfbofsts nut egtlusfbsts cr gcwoemiedlbjpfcgs. Cge mces gct requfre purdlbsfgi spedfbofsts systejs

tc spegmfgi bg bmmftfcgbo mcoobr cg dcjputers cr sc-dbooem gcwo-

emie jbgbiejegt systejs.

JV]L GC. 4

@GCYOEMIE JBGBIEJEG] FT B ABM BGM TCJE]LFGI QE^V GEY

BMQCDB]EM NV DCGTUO]BG]T

Yrcgi. @gcwoemie jbgbiejegt fs gct b abm0 ft fs lere tc stby. Ft

fs bosc gct gew, cr ft fs bs gew bs Eiyptfbg pyrbjfms. Tcje dcug-

trfes bgm cribgfsbtfcgs lbve neeg jbgbifgi `gcwoemie acr b

gujner ca yebrs, acr exbjpoe 4J bgm Tdbgmfb. 4J sfgde tley lbve

stbrtem mcfgi nusfgess lbve jbgbiem tc sustbfg fggcvbtfcg ny

egdcurbifgi ejpocyees tc slbre tlefr `gcwoemie bgm Tdbgmfb, bs

b resuot ca tlefr experfegde fg jbgbifgi gcwoemie, lbve lfilofiltem

tle fjpcrtbgde ca lujbg dbpftbo fg bssessfgi tle peracrjbgde ca

tlefr cribgfsbtfcg. Ft lbs nedcje fjperbtfve gcw acr boo cribgfsb-

tfcgs fgdoumfgi TJEs nedbuse ca Iocnbofsbtfcg bgm fgtergetfsbtfcg

ca nusfgesses bgm jbrèts. Ye gcw mc nusfgess fg jbrèt spbde

bs cppcsem tc jbrèt pobde.

Yly lbs jbgbifgi `gcwoemie nedcje

fjpcrtbgt acr boo cribgfsbtfcgs gcw3

cribgfsbtfcgs gcw abde tle acoocwfgi dlbooegies;

• Fgdrebsfgi vboue ca tle fgteooedtubo dbpftbo fs ejnemmem

fg egm prcmudts bgm servfdes.

• ]lere lbs neeg bg fgdrebsfgi dcgveriegde ca tedlgcocifes

tlbt fs egbnofgi cribgfsbtfcgs tc iocnbofse bt tle press ca

tle nuttcg.

• ]lere fs b rbpfm ircwtl ca Fgterget.



Fg sujjbry, Edcgcjfes bre fgdrebsfgioy nbsem cg `gcwoemie.

Ylbt‖s gew fs tlbt b ircwfgi dlug` ca prcmudtfcg fg tle jcmerg

edcgcjy fs fg tle acrj ca fgtbgifnoes, nbsem cg tle expocftbtfcg

ca fmebs rbtler tlbg jbterfbo tlfgis.

Edcgcjfst Gewspbper . Teptejner, >4, >888.

Jbgy cribgfsbtfcgs bre resfstfgi tle bmcptfgi ca gcwoemie jbgbie-

jegt nedbuse jcst ca tlej lbve icge tlrcuil tle trbujbs ca

reegifgeerfgi, me-obyerfgi bgm restrudturfgi. Tcje ca tle ejpocy-

ees lbve icge tlrcuil very nbm tfjes cver tle pbst twc medbmes.

]ley mc gct wbgt cr bre gct rebmy tc kujp tlrcuil yet bgctler lccp.

Lcwever, tle wby nusfgess fs strudturem gcwbmbys bgm wftl tle bmvegt

ca tle Gew Edcgcjy (wlfdl fs lere tc stby fg spfte ca tle ncjnfgi

ca mct-dcjs) jbgbifgi `gcwoemie lbs nedcje nusfgess fjperbtfve

fa tle cribgfsbtfcgs lbve tc ibfg bgm sustbfg dcjpetftfve bmvbgtbie.

Ifveg tlbt, ft fs fjperbtfve wlbt fs jebgt ny jbgbifgi `gcwoemie.

]lere bre bs jbgy meflgftfcgs ca `gcwoemie jbgbiejegt bs tlere

bre experts fg tlfs breb. Fg nbsfd terjs, jbgbifgi gcwoemie fs bncut

drebtfgi bg egvfrcgjegt wlere pecpoe wftlfg tle cribgfsbtfcg trust

cge bgctler bgm trust oebmerslfp tc slbre bgm drebte `gcwoemie sctlbt cribgfsbtfcgs dbg wfg gew nusfgess bgm dcjpete eafldfegtoy. Drebt-

fgi sudl bg egvfrcgjegt fgvcoves dlbgifgi tle duoture ca tle

cribgfsbtfcg bgm puttfgi prcdesses fg pobde tc egbnoe `gcwoemie

drebtfcg bgm trbgsaer.



Mfaaeregdes netweeg mbtb, fgacrjbtfcg

bgm gcwoemie

Mbtb fs ugcribgfsem wcrms, gujners bgm fjbies. Ft lbs gc jebgfgi

cr dcgtext. ]le gbje Tuotbg @erjbooy fg b mbtbnbse fs jereoy mbtb.]le stbtejegt “Tuotbg @erjbooy fs b reiuobr dustcjer ca cur prcm-

udts‖ fs fgacrjbtfcg. Fgacrjbtfcg fs cribgfsem cr dbteicrfsem mbtb.

@gcwoemie fs tle use ca fgacrjbtfcg. Bg cribgfsbtfcg usfgi tle fgacr-

jbtfcg tlbt “Tuotbg @erjbooy fs b reiuobr dustcjer ca cur prcmudts‖

tb`e fgftfbtfves tc estbnofsl b spedfbo reobtfcgslfp wftl tle dustcjer,

tlus drebtfgi dustcjer `gcwoemie. Fa tle fgacrjbtfcg ibfgem fs gct

usem tleg tle `gcwoemie rejbfgs pbssfve. Ft dbggct ne dcgsfmerembs bg bdtfve fgtbgifnoe bsset. Tfjfobroy, fa ejpocyees lbve s`foos nut

tley mc gct use tlej tleg sudl s`foos rejbfg pbssfve bgm ca gc negeflt

tc tle cribgfsbtfcg. cribgfsbtfcgs dbg, tlereacre, ibtler/dbpture fgacr-

jbtfcg bncut tlefr dustcjers, tlefr ejpocyees, tlefr dcjpetftcrs bgm

sc cg. ]ley dbg nedcje gcwoemie-mrfveg cribgfsbtfcgs fa tley lbve

tle duoture bgm prcdesses tc use tle fgacrjbtfcg. ]lfs fs wlbt gcwo-

emie jbgbiejegt fs boo bncut.

Fgacrjbtfcg bgm experfegdes ca spedffld fgmfvfmubos bre tbdft gcwo-

emie. Fa tle cribgfsbtfcg puts prcdesses fg pobde tc jb`e tlfs

`gcwoemie expofdft sc tlbt ctler ejpocyees bdqufre tlfs `gcwoemie

bgm UTE ft, tleg tlbt cribgfsbtfcg fs abdfoftbtfgi `gcwoemie drebtfcg

bgm trbgsaer. ]le fgftfbtfves tlbt dbg ne put fg pobde fgdoume dcbdl-

fgi, slbmcwfgi, trbfgfgi wcr`slcps, bater-bdtfcg revfews, nufomfgi

s`foos mfredtcry bgm sc cg. ]le acdus ca bttegtfcg fg mesfigfgi bgm

fgtrcmudfgi bgy fgftfbtfve fs tc bs`, “Mces tlbt fgftfbtfve prcjcte gcwo-

emie slbrfgi — mces ft abdfoftbte trbgsacrjbtfcg ca `gcwoemie arcj

nefgi tbdft cr fjpofdft tc nefgi expofdft3‖

@gcwoemie fs tle scurde ca fggcvbtfcg. ]le bppofdbtfcg ca gcwoemie

eglbgdes tle dbpbnfofty ca tle cribgfsbtfcg bgm tle cutdcje nrfgis

bncut fggcvbtfcg.



Jb`fgi b stbrt — scje exbjpoes/fgftfbtfves

Neifg tc nufom bg experfegde mfredtcry. Fa, acr exbjpoe, ycu bre b Xrckedt

Jbgbiejegt Dcjpbgy tleg bs` ebdl ca ycur ejpocyees tc bgswer

scje èy questfcgs, sby bncut teg questfcgs bater tley lbve experf-

egdem dcjpoetfcg ca b prckedt. ]le questfcgs slcuom mrbw cut tle gbture

ca tle prckedt, tle dlbooegies fgvcovem bgm tle wby tlese dlbooegies

were bttegmem tc, bgm tle perscg/perscgs fgvcovem fg tle prckedt. ]le

resuot wfoo ne tle drebtfcg ca bg experfegde mfredtcry. ]le fgacrjbtfcg

slcuom ne jbme bvbfobnoe tc boo prckedt oebmers. Tudl bg fgftfbtfve wfoo

stcp refgvegtfgi b wleeo, sbve dcst bgm egdcurbie exdlbgie ca fgacr-

jbtfcg bgm drebtfcg ca cribgfsbtfcgbo `gcwoemie.

]le ctler fgftfbtfve wcuom ne tc dbpture fgacrjbtfcg cg wlbt ejpocy-

ees durregtoy mc, wlbt tley dcuom mc, ifveg tle cppcrtugfty, bgm wlbt

tley wcuom ofè tc mc (tlefr bspfrbtfcgs) fa tley dcuom bdqufre gew s`foos.

]le cribgfsbtfcg dbg trbgsacrj tlfs fgacrjbtfcg fg acrjuobtfgi

stretdl cnkedtfves acr tlefr ejpocyees bgm acr prepbrfgi meveocpjegtbo

cnkedtfves tlbt dcuom ne usem acr gew nusfgess meveocpjegt.

@gcwoemie fs bosc pcwer — wly slcuom

ejpocyees slbre tlfs pcwer3

@gcwoemie fs bg bppredfbtfgi bsset. ]le jcre ft fs slbrem tle jcre

ft fs eglbgdem. Fa bg cribgfsbtfcg lbs eaaedtfve oebmerslfp bgm fa tle duoture

ca tle cribgfsbtfcg fs dcgmudfve tc pecpoe trustfgi cge bgctler, tleg

ejpocyees cr “`gcwoemie-wcrèrs‖ wfoo ne iobm tc “ejpcwer‖ tlefr

dcooebiues ny slbrfgi tlefr `gcwoemie.

Bt tle egm ca tle mby, wletler tle cribgfsbtfcg nedcjes gcwoemie-

mrfveg mepegms cg oebmerslfp, duoture bgm trust. ]lere bre jbgy

exbjpoes fg prbdtfde ca scje cribgfsbtfcgs bgm tebjs drebtfgi fgftfb-

tfves tc slbre bgm drebte gcwoemie wftlcut fgmfvfmubo cr cribgfsbtfcgbotebrs. Tudl cribgfsbtfcgs fgdoume Tug Jfdrcsystejs, Jfdrcscat,

Dlevrcg, \ercx, Nbgèrs ]rust bgm Tleoo.



Ejpocyees lbve dcje tcietler tc drebte `gcwoemie acr tlefr

cribgfsbtfcgs.

Bddcrmfgi tc b Nrbzfofbg prcvern, “Yleg we mrebj bocge ft fs b mrebj.

Yleg we mrebj tcietler, ft fs tle neifggfgi ca rebofty‖.

Ylbt fs bg fgdegtfve acr ycur cribgfsbtfcg tc

jbgbie gcwoemie3

]lfg` bncut b nfi dlug` ca ycur fgtbgifnoe bsset fg b acrj ca lujbg

dbpftbo wbo`fgi cut ca tle mccr every evegfgi. ]lfs fs ycur jcst vbou-

bnoe bsset wlfdl ycu lbve tc gurture bgm jctfvbte.

Afgbo tlcuilt

^ejejner…

Xoebse gcte; Fg tlfs brtfdoe severbo stbtejegts bre jbme bncut scje

dcjpbgfes tb`fgi fgftfbtfves tc jctfvbte tlefr stbaa tc slbre bgm trbgs-

aer `gcwoemie. Fg jy ncc` Gew Edcgcjy Egeriy; Ugoebslfgi

@gcwoemie acr Dcjpetftfve Bmvbgtbie (>882) punofslem ny Kclg Yfoey,

F prcvfme dbse stumfes ca tle acoocwfgi dcjpbgfes wlc lbve tb`eg

severbo fgftfbtfves tc nedcje `gcwoemie-mrfveg cribgfsbtfcgs;

• Jfdrcscat

• FDO

• Nedtcg Mfd`scg

‟cribgfsbtfcgs bre peraedtoy mesfigem acr tle resuot tley bdlfeve.‚

XBUO IUT]BQTCG



• Bppoe Kbpbg

• Dlevrcg

• Tug Jfdrcsystejs

Xrcaesscr Gcgb`b bgm jbgbifgi `gcwoemie

Xrcaesscr Gcgb`b tcietler wftl lfs dcooebiue Lfrc ]bèudlf put gcwo-

emie fg tle acrearcgt ca tle nusfgess biegmb. Drebtfcg, slbrfgi bgm

use ca `gcwoemie mepegms cg lcw pecpoe fg tle cribgfsbtfcg bre

jbgbiem.=<

]ley lbve presegtem tle TEDF jcmeo — scdfbofsbtfcg, extergbofsbtfcg,

dcjnfgbtfcg bgm fgtergbofsbtfcg prcdesses iegerbte, trbgsaer bgm trbgs-

acrj `gcwoemie wftlfg tle cribgfsbtfcg.

Jcst ca tle gcwoemie fg bg cribgfsbtfcg fs fg tle acrj ca tbdft gcwo-

emie — gcwoemie fg pecpoes‖ lebms. ]lfs tbdft gcwoemie fs perscgbo,

dcgtext-spedffld bgm lbrm tc dcjjugfdbte. Lcwever, ft fs fjpcrtbgttc trbgsacrj tlfs tbdft `gcwoemie bs abr bs ft fs pcssfnoe, fgtc expofdft

`gcwoemie fg crmer tc slbre ft cribgfsbtfcgbooy. ]c mc sc wfoo mepegm

cg lcw ycu jbgbie pecpoe.

]le fgterbdtfcg netweeg tbdft gcwoemie bgm expofdft gcwoemie nrfgis

bncut tle acoocwfgi acur jcmes ca gcwoemie dcgversfcg;

• scdfbofsbtfcg.

• extergbofsbtfcg.

• Dcjnfgbtfcg.

• fgtergbofsbtfcg.

=< Fùkfrc Gcgb`b bgm Lfrctb`b ]bèudlf (2665). “]le `gcwoemie-Drebtfgi Dcjpbgy; Lcw Kbpbg-

ese Dcjpbgfes Drebte tle Mygbjfds ca Fggcvbtfcg.‖ Cxacrm.



scdfbofsbtfcg

Ft fs b wby ca dbpturfgi bg fgmfvfmubo‖s tbdft `gcwoemie. Ft cddurs ny

slbrfgi experfegdes bgm cg-tle-kcn oebrgfgi. ]lese experfegdes bre

slbrem cpegoy bgm tle fgmfvfmubos lbve tc ne jctfvbtem tc ne fgvcovem

fg tle scdfbofsbtfcg prcdess. ]le gcwoemie dcgversfcg fs arcj fgmf-

vfmubo tbdft tc ircup tbdft.

extergbofsbtfcg

]lfs fs tle prcdess ca dcgvertfgi ircup tbdft gcwoemie fgtc expofdft

`gcwoemie. Bt tlfs stbie tbdft `gcwoemie fs dcgvertem fgtc jcmeos,

prctctypes bgm lypctleses. ]lfs gcwoemie dbg ne usem tc dcje upwftl gew prcmudts cr prcdesses

Dcjnfgbtfcg

]lfs jcme trbgsacrjs expofdft gcwoemie fgtc aurtler expofdft gcwo-

emie ny ejnemmfgi gcwoemie fgtc mcdujegts, jbgubos bgm sc cg.

fgtergbofsbtfcg

]lfs fs tle prcdess ca trbgsacrjfgi expofdft gcwoemie fgtc tbdft gcwo-

emie. Fgmfvfmubos fgtergbofse tlefr experfegdes fg peracrjfgi spedffld

augdtfcgs cr tbs`s. ]lfs jcme fs boo bncut “oebrgfgi-ny-mcfgi‖.

cribgfsbtfcgs lbve tc put prcdesses fg pobde fg crmer tc nedcje gcwo-

emie-nbsem. Lcwever, acr fgmfvfmubos tle augmbjegtbo questfcg,

“Ylbt‖s fg ft acr je3‖ lbve tc ne bmmressem fg crmer tc jb`e prcdesses

eaaedtfve. ]le wby tle questfcg fs bgswerem mepegms cg cribgfsb-

tfcgbo duoture, oebmerslfp bgm tle type ca jctfvbtfcg presegtem.

Jbgbifgi `gcwoemie fs bncut drebtfgi b dcoobncrbtfve duoture tlbt

wfoo abdfoftbte cpeg dcjjugfdbtfcg bgm fgstftutfcgbofse trust. Ft fs bncut

jbgbifgi pecpoe fg tle `gcwoemie erb.



Drftfdfsjs ca tle TEDF jcmeo

• ]le jcmeo fs duoturbo-nfbsem.

• Ft fs nbsem cg tle experfegde ca Kbpbgese dcjpbgfes wlfdl

mc nusfgess fg mfaaeregt type ca strudtures tc tlcse fg Yesterg

duoture.

• Tcje lbve briuem ft fs gct `gcwoemie bs sudl nut tle bdt ca

`gcwfgi bgm use ca gcwoemie tlbt egbnoes cribgfsbtfcgs tc

dbpture bgm sustbfg dcjpetftfve bmvbgtbie.

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Xrcaesscr Gcgb`b

• Fgmfvfmubos bre ycur jcst fjpcrtbgt bsset.

• ]le rbfscg m‖etre ca b afrj fs tc dcgtfgucusoy drebte

`gcwoemie.

• @gcwoemie fs bg fjpcrtbgt strbteifd bsset.

• Jcst `gcwoemie fs tbdft `gcwoemie ocdbtem fg pecpoes‖

lebms.

• cribgfsbtfcgs lbve tc drebte b dcoobncrbtfve egvfrcgjegt

fg crmer tc abdfoftbte `gcwoemie drebtfcg bgm trbgsaer.

• Eaaedtfve oebmers lbve tc bmmress tle “Ylbt‖s fg ft acr je3‖

questfcg tc tlefr wcr`ers.

• Jbgbifgi `gcwoemie bt tle egm ca tle mby, fs bncut

jbgbifgi pecpoe.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 125/178AFA]EEG DLBÔET LBGMV (264>-) 222

AFA]EEG

Dlbroes Lbgmy (264>-)

‟Ye just gct oet cur pbst, lcwever iocrfcus0

iet fg tle wby ca cur auture.‚

DLBÔET LBGMV

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Dlbroes Lbgmy wbs ncrg fg Freobgm fg 264>. Le fs b irbmubte ca Cxacrm

Ugfversfty ibfgfgi meiree fg Dobssfds, Lfstcry bgm Xlfocscply. Le

wcrèm acr Tleoo Fgtergbtfcgbo acr b aew yebrs bgm sunsequegtoy wegt

tc Tocbg Tdlcco ca Jbgbiejegt bt JF]. Bater cntbfgfgi lfs JNB le

returgem tc Egiobgm.

Le wbs bppcfgtem Xrcaesscr bt tle Ocgmcg Nusfgess Tdlcco fg 269>.

Fg 26<9 le wbs dcjjfssfcgem tc ugmertbè b dcjpbrbtfve stumy ca

jbgbiejegt meveocpjegt fg Bjerfdb, Kbpbg, Nrftbfg bgm Eurcpe.

Le fs b wrfter bgm nrcbmdbster, bgm dcgsuotbgt tc b wfme vbrfety ca cribgfsbtfcgs, icvergjegt, acr prcflt bgm gct-acr-prcflt cribgfsbtfcgs.


Fg tlfs lfs flrst ncc`, Ugmerstbgmfgi cribgfsbtfcgs (2691), Xrcaesscr

Lbgmy presegtem lfs jctfvbtfcg dboduous wlfdl puooem tcietler tle

vbrfcus strbgms ca mfaaeregt jctfvbtfcgbo tlecrfes.



]lere bre tlree dcjpcgegts tc lfs jctfvbtfcg jcmeo — geems, resuots

bgm eaaedtfvegess (tle E abdtcr).

Geems

Geems bs dbteicrfsem ny Jbsocw (see dlbpter acur cg Bnrblbj

Jbsocw). Geems bs expobfgem ny Lerzneri (see dlbpter sfx cg Aremer-

fd` Lerzneri). ]lese geems bre reobtfve, mygbjfd bgm dlbgie cver tfje.

^esuots

Ye slcuom jebsure tle eaaedt ca tle cutdcjes bdlfevem.

Eaaedtfvegess

Lbve tle resuots jet cur geems3 ]le aeemnbd` tlbt tle jcmeo prcvfmes.

Ebdl dboduous cperbtes wftlfg tle ofjft ca b psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt.

]lfs type ca dcgtrbdt fs bg fjpofem dcgtrbdt netweeg ejpocyee bgm

bg ejpocyer. Bg fgmfvfmubo expedts lfs perscgbo cnkedtfves tc ne auoflooem

ny kcfgfgi bg cribgfsbtfcg bgm tle cribgfsbtfcg expedts bg fgmfvfm-

ubo tc bdlfeve tle cribgfsbtfcgbo cnkedtfves set. Fgmfvfmubos wfoo ne

jctfvbtem wleg tle psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt, bs vfewem ny tle cribg-

fsbtfcg bgm ny tle fgmfvfmubo, nedcjes tle sbje.

‟]lbt tlere fs gc “rfilt‖ tlecry ca jctfvbtfcg, nut cgoy tle fgmfvfmubo

bgm tle pbrtfduobr dfrdujstbgdes.‚

Ylbt bre tle fjpofdbtfcgs ca tlfs jcmeo fg prbdtfde3

‟Jbgbiers geem tc tlfg` jcre meepoy bgm jcre doebroy bncut tlefr

vfew ca tle psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt cperbtfgi fg tlefr cribgfsbtfcg.

Jcrbo; ]le psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt wfoo ne b sfigffldbgt abdtcr fg tle dlcfde

ca oebmerslfp styoe bgm tle cribgfsbtfcg ca wcr`.



Fa jbgbiers wfsl tc dlbgie tle jetlcm ca dcgtrco cr tle jetlcm ca

fguegde fg tlefr cribgfsbtfcg tley just ne bwbre tlbt tley bre dlbgi-

fgi tle psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt.

Jcrbo; tle psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt categ ofes bt tle lebrt ca bgy dlbgie

prcnoej.

Fa tle mesfrem cutdcje ca b medfsfcg rebdlem ny jebgs ca tle jctfvb-

tfcg dboduous fs gct wcr fgi cut, f.e. fa tle fgmfvfmubo flgms tlbt lfs expedtbgdy

dboduobtfcg fs wrcgi bgm “ E‖ mces gct oebm tc tle expedtem resuots, le

experfegdes “mfsscgbgde‖.‚ =6

Mfsscgbgde oebms tc stress bt wcr` bgm ft geems tc ne rescovem ny

fgdrebsfgi tle “E‖ abdtcr fg jctfvbtfcg dboduous.

Oebmerslfp

Lbgmy neofeves tlbt vbrfcus oebmerslfp tlecrfes sudl bs trbft tlec-

rfes, styoe tlecrfes bgm dcgtfgiegdy tlecrfes boo lbve scjetlfgi tc

caaer fg exbjfgfgi wlbt jb`es oebmerslfp eaaedtfve. Lcwever, eaaed-

tfve oebmerslfp mepegms cg tle oebmer (lfs preaerrem styoe, lfs vboues,

lfs dcgflmegde, lfs dcgtrfnutfcg), tle suncrmfgbtes (tlefr preaerrem

styoe ca oebmerslfp fg b ifveg sftubtfcg, tlefr psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt,

tlefr experfegde, tlefr duoture), tle tbs` (tle dcjpoexfty, tle tfjesdboe

fgvcovem, tle fjpcrtbgde) bgm tle egvfrcgjegt (cribgfsbtfcgbo

duoture, tle strudture bgm tle tedlgcociy ca tle cribgfsbtfcg, tle gbture

ca tle acoocwers, tle pcwer pcsftfcg ca tle oebmer).

]le eaaedtfvegess ca b oebmer wfoo ne jbterfbofsem fa tle oebmer, tle suncr-

mfgbtes bgm tle tbs` flt tcietler. Tudl flt wfoo mepegm cg tle egvfrcgjegt,

tle cribgfsbtfcgbo settfgi, bgm tle oebmer. ]le fgmfvfmubo‖s oebmer bnfofty

tc bmbpt nedcjes bg fjpcrtbgt abdtcr.

=6 Dlbroes Lbgmy (2691). “Ugmerstbgmfgi cribgfsbtfcgs‖ Xegiufg Ncc`s. Xp 4<-=<.



Fg bmmftfcg, b oebmer lbs tc bssuje bg bjnbssbmcrfbo rcoe bgm bosc

bdt bs b jcmeo.

cribgfsbtfcgbo duoture

Xrcaesscr Lbgmy puts acrwbrm tle vfew tlbt duotures ca cribgfsbtfcgs

mfaaer. ]lese duotures bre reedtem fg cribgfsbtfcgbo strudtures bgm

systejs. Le dobssffles cribgfsbtfcgbo duotures fgtc (b) tle pcwer duoture,

(n) tle rcoe duoture, (d) tle tbs` duoture, bgm (m) tle perscg duoture.

]le pcwer duoture fs represegtem ny sjboo egterprfses. Xcwer fg tlfstype ca cribgfsbtfcg fs degtrbofsem. Fg tlfs type ca cribgfsbtfcg tlere

bre aew ruoes bgm prcdemures bgm very ofttoe nurebudrbdy.

]le rcoe duoture fs categ represegtem ny nurebudrbtfd strudture. ]lere

bre ruoes bgm prcdemures bgm tlese bre dccrmfgbtem ny segfcr

jbgbiejegt. ]le acdus fg tlfs type ca cribgfsbtfcg fs cg tle rcoe,

rbtler tlbg fgmfvfmubos cr ircups.

]le tbs` duoture fs prckedt crfegtem. ]le acdus fs cg iettfgi tle kcn

mcge. Fgmfvfmubos bre experts bgm tle duoture fs bmbptem mepegmfgi

cg tle gbture ca tle prckedts. ]lfs type ca duoture fs iccm bt respcgm-

fgi tc jbr`et geems.

]le perscg duoture. Fg tlfs type ca duoture tle acdus fs cg fgmfvfmu-

bos bgm tlefr prcaessfcgbofsj.

Ft fs fjpcrtbgt tc bgboyse bgm bppredfbte mfaaeregt cribgfsbtfcgbo

duotures bs psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdts mfaaer bddcrmfgi tc mfaaerfgi

duotures. ]c jbgbie fgmfvfmubos eaaedtfveoy tlere lbs tc ne bg bofig-

jegt netweeg tle fgmfvfmubo dcgtrbdt bgm tle cribgfsbtfcgbo dcgtrbdt.



“Cur ejpocyees bre cur irebtest bsset‖

Ejpocyees slcuom ne dcgsfmerem bs bssets rbtler tlbg b dcst. Jbgy

cribgfsbtfcgs mc gct lcom tlfs vfew tlcuil tley mc fgstftute systejs

bgm prcdemures tc nrfgi bncut bpprbfsbo systejs, dbreer pobggfgi

bgm dcjpegsbtfcg systejs acr tlefr ejpocyees.

Fg jbgbifgi pecpoe ft fs fjpcrtbgt tc dcgsfmer mcjfgbgt duotures wftlfg

cribgfsbtfcgs. Mfaaeregt duotures wfoo meterjfge lcw pecpoe bre

jbgbiem fg mfaaeregt cribgfsbtfcgs. Duotures bosc meterjfge tle wby

fgmfvfmubos meveocp tlefr tboegt.58

Fgsfme cribgfsbtfcgs 52

Fg tlfs ncc` Xrcaesscr Lbgmy refgacrdes tle fjpcrtbgde ca sbtfsay-

fgi lujbg geems bgm eglbgdfgi tle “E‖ abdtcr bgm bosc tle gbture ca

tle psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt.

Le bosc fgtrcmudes tle dcgdept cr tle tlecry ca “]le Fgsfme-cut Mcuil-gut‖. ]le tlfgis wlfdl ycu just mc bre speot cut acr ycu nut floofgi tle

ejpty spbde fg ycur mcuilgut fs oeat tc ycur mfsdretfcg bgm fgftfbtfve.

Bs cribgfsbtfcgs iet btter tle ejpty spbde ca tle mcuilgut nedcjes

obrier bgm tle type ca tboegt geemem tc floo tle spbde dlbgies. ‟Jbgbi-

fgi pecpoe wftl obrie mc‖guts dbg ne wcrryfgi — ycu dbggct gcw wlbt

tley bre mcfgi boo tle tfje. Bs wftl tle egterprfsfgi dlfom, ycu wbgt

tc egdcurbie tlej tc ne fgmepegmegt, nut wlbt fa tley iet ft wrcgi3]c jbgbie tlefr mc‖guts ycu just spedfay tle dcre wftl irebt dbre,

tleg bt oebst ycu `gcw tlbt tle essegtfbo tbs`s wfoo ne ugmerstccm bgm

tle `ey ruoes `ept0 tle cutsfme ncugmbrfes ca tle mc‖gut just bosc ne

weoo ugmerstccm; Mc gct ic cutsfme lere.‚ 5>

58 Fgterestfgi bddcugt ca tle jetlcms usem tc meveocp tboegt wftlfg mfaaeregt duoturbo dcgtext fs

ifveg fg “ugmerstbgmfgi cribgfsbtfcgs‖. Xp>1>->65.

52 Dlbroes Lbgmy (2668) “Fgsfme cribgfsbtfcgs‖; >2 Fmebs acr Jbgbiers. NND Ncc`s.

5> Fnfm. Xp18.



Le bosc jbès tle pcfgt tlbt fg b jcmerg nusfgess dofjbte dcjpb-

gfes lbve fgdrebsfgioy tbèg cg b slbjrcd` slbpe. ]le slbjrcd` fs

represegtem ny tlree oebves wlfdl le obneos bs tle dcre wcràcrde,

tle dcgtrbdtubo arfgie bgm tle exfnoe wcràcrde.

]le dcre wcràcrde ifves tlefr cribgfsbtfcg fts ugfquegess. Nedbuse

tley bre tle dcre wcràcrde tle cribgfsbtfcg jbès bg eaacrt tc retbfg

tlej.

]le dcgtrbdtubo arfgie represegts tle wcràcrde cutsfme tle cribg-

fsbtfcg. ]lese bre fgmepegmegt dcgtrbdtcrs, cutscurdem wcrèrs bgm

sc cg.

Afgbooy, tlere fs tle exfnoe obncur acrde wlfdl fs tle cribgfsbtfcg dbsubo

obncur acrde bgm pbrt-tfjers, cr pecpoe wcr`fgi cg b exf lcur‖s nbsfs.

‟]le wby tlfgis bre icfgi ft jby weoo ne tlbt tlere wfoo ne jcre pecpoe

wcr`fgi cutsfme tle dcre tlbg fgsfme ft ny tle egm ca tle degtury.‚ 54

Le bosc sbys tlbt ‟jcst pecpoe wcr`fgi tcmby wfoo nedcje pcrtacofc

pecpoe acr scje pbrt ca tlefr wcr`fgi ofves, ofè ft cr gct.‚ 5=

Fjpofdbtfcgs acr jbgbifgi pecpoe

]le slbjrcd` cribgfsbtfcg, tle mc‖gut tlecry bgm pcrtacofc wcrèrs,

boo presegt mbugtfgi dlbooegies acr tcmby‖s oebmers. ]le styoe bgm tle

gbture ca oebmerslfp lbve tc dlbgie fg crmer tc jbgbie pecpoe eaaed-

tfveoy. Cge lbs tc tbè fgtc bddcugt tle gbture ca nusfgess, tle strudtureca tle cribgfsbtfcg, tle cribgfsbtfcgbo duoture bgm tle types ca wcr`-

acrde fg crmer tc jctfvbte bgm oebm eaaedtfveoy.

Xrcaesscr Lbgmy bosc punofslem ncc`s egtftoem ]le Bie ca Ugrebscg,

Neycgm Dertbfgty, ]le Ejpty bfgdcbt bgm ]le Lugibry Tpfrft fg wlfdl

le ejplbsfses tle dlbgifgi strudture ca nusfgess bgm tle dlbgifgi

54 Fnfm. Xp >81

5= Fnfm. Xp >29.



gbture ca tle wcr`acrde, tle bie ca ugdertbfgty bgm pobggfgi acr tle

auture. ]lese dlbgies lbve b mfredt fjpbdt cg tle wby we jbgbie

pecpoe.

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Dlbroes Lbgmy

• Fgmfvfmubos lbve geems bgm tley wcr` tc iet tlese geems

auoflooem.

• Ft fs fjpcrtbgt tc bofig bg fgmfvfmubo‖s bspfrbtfcgs wftl tle

cribgfsbtfcgbo bspfrbtfcgs.

• cribgfsbtfcgs slcuom dcgsfmer serfcusoy tle exfstegde ca

tle psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt bt tle tfje ca redruftjegt.

• Xsydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdts mfaaer wftl mfaaerfgi cribgfsb-

tfcgbo strudture.

• ]c jbgbie pecpoe eaaedtfveoy dcgsfmer tle gbture ca egvf-

rcgjegt, tle tbs`s fgvcovem bgm cribgfsbtfcgbo cnkedtfves.

• ]le nusfgess wcrom fs nedcjfgi fgdrebsfgi ugdertbfg. ]c

jbgbie ugdertbfgty bgm dcjpoexfty meveocp tle tboegt ca

fgmfvfmubos fg crmer tc bdlfeve “strbteifd flt‖.



Nobg`


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 133/178TF\]EEG XE]E^ MÛD@E^ (2686-) 226

TF\]EEG

Xeter Mrudèr (2686-)

‟]le ute pbrt fs bg essegtfbo pbrt ca b

Neetlcveg syjplcgy. Nut ny ftseoa ft fs gct jusfd.

Ft nedcjes jusfd ny nefgi pbrt ca tle “sdcre‖

tlbt fs ny nedcjfgi bg fgput wlfdl kcfgs tcietler

wftl tle fgputs ca sfxty-flve ctler jusfdfbgs bgm

tlefr fgstrujegts.‚

XE]E^ MÛD@E^

Iuru‖s prcfloe

Xeter Mrudèr fs tle abtler ca jbgbiejegt iurus0 le fs tle iuru ca

boo iurus. Yleg le speb`s jcst DECs pby bttegtfcg. Le wbs ncrg fg

Qfeggb fg 2686 bgm trbfgem fg Edcgcjfds. Le lbs sunsequegtoy nedcje

tle wcrom‖s acrejcst pfcgeer ca jbgbiejegt tlecry.

Le fs b tebdler, dcgsuotbgt, wrfter bgm b spebèr bgm lbs nedcje tle

oebmfgi jbgbiejegt iurus ca lfs tfje. Lfs flrst ncc`, Dcgdept ca tle

Dcrpcrbtfcg (26=1), wbs b ircugmnreb`fgi exbjfgbtfcg ca tle fgter-

gbo wcr`fgis ca Iegerbo Jctcrs.

Lfs jbgbiejegt ncc`s ]le Xrbdtfde ca Jbgbiejegt (265=), Jbgbie-

jegt; ]bs`s êspcgsfnfoftfes, Xrbdtfdes (2694), Fggcvbtfcg bgm

Egtrepregeurslfp (26<5), ]le Arcgtfers ca Jbgbiejegt (26<1), bgm lfsredegt ncc`s Xeter Mrudèr cg tle Xrcaessfcg ca Jbgbiejegt (266<)

]OAeNCC@


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 134/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2>8

bgm Jbgbiejegt Dlbooegies acr tle >2st Degtury (2666), lbve nedcje

fgtergbtfcgbo nestseooers.

Le pcpuobrfsem dcgdepts sudl bs prfvbtfsbtfcg, jbgbiejegt ny

cnkedtfves, medegtrbofsbtfcg, `gcwoemie wcrèr bgm tle `gcwoemie

edcgcjy — dcgdepts wlfdl we gcw tbè acr irbgtem.

Le fs b Xrcaesscr ca Tcdfbo Tdfegdes bgm Jbgbiejegt bt tle Dobre-

jcgt Irbmubte Ugfversfty, Dbofacrgfb wlfdl gbjem fts Irbmubte Tdlcco

ca Jbgbiejegt bater lfj. Fg Kuoy >88>, Xresfmegt Iecrie Nusl

presegtem lfj wftl tle Xresfmegtfbo Jembo ca Areemcj, tle Gbtfcg‖s

lfilest dfvfofbg lcgcur.


Xeter Mrudèr‖s dcgtrfnutfcg fs sprebm cver jcst brebs ca jbgbie-

jegt bgm nusfgess. @eepfgi tc tle tleje ca tlfs ncc`, F lbve

extrbdtem lfs vbrfcus dcgtrfnutfcgs fg reobtfcg tc “jbgbifgi pecpoe‖

arcj lfs vbrfcus ncc`s;

Xecpoe seoedtfcg

‟Exedutfves spegm jcre tfje cg jbgbifgi pecpoe bgm jb`fgi pecpoe

medfsfcgs tlbg bgytlfgi eose, bgm tley slcuom. Gc ctler medfsfcgs bre

sc ocgi-obstfgi fg tlefr dcgsequegdes cr sc mfaflduot tc ugjbè. Bgm

yet, ny bgm obrie, exedutfves jbè pccr prcjctfcg bgm stbaflgi medf-

sfcgs. Fg gc ctler breb ca jbgbiejegt wcuom we put up wftl sudl

jfserbnoe peracrjbgde. Fgmeem we geem gct bgm slcuom gct.‚ 55

Le ifves iufmeofges bs tc wlbt steps tc tbè bgm wlbt abdtcrs tc dcgsfmer

fg seoedtfgi stbaa. cribgfsbtfcgs sfjpoy mc gct tlfg` tlrcuil wlbt tle

kcn requfrejegts bre bgm wletler b perscg dbg mc tle kcn cr gct.

55 Xeter Mrudèr (26<1) “]le Arcgtfers ca Jbgbiejegt‖, Nutterwcrtl-Lefgejbgg. Xp226.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 135/178TF\]EEG XE]E^ MÛD@E^ (2686-) 2>2

Teoa-meveocpjegt

Meveocpfgi tboegt tc jeet perscgbo, cribgfsbtfcgbo bgm jbrètfgi

geems lbs nedcje cge ca tle èy aebtures ca jbgbifgi pecpoe.

‟Teoa-meveocpjegt ca tle eaaedtfve exedutfve fs degtrbo tc tle meveocpjegt ca tle cribgfsbtfcg, wletler ft fs b nusfgess, b icvergjegt biegdy,

b resebrdl obncrbtcry, b lcspftbo cr b jfoftbry servfde. Ft fs tle wby tcwbrms

peracrjbgde ca tle cribgfsbtfcg. Bs exedutfves wcr` tcwbrms nedcj-

fgi eaaedtfve, tley rbfse tle peracrjbgde oeveo ca tle wlcoe cribgfsbtfcg.

]ley rbfse tle sfilts ca pecpoe — tlefr cwg bs weoo bs ctlers.

Bs b resuot, tle cribgfsbtfcg gct cgoy nedcjes dbpbnoe ca mcfgi netter.

Ft nedcjes dbpbnoe ca mcfgi mfaaeregt tlfgis bgm ca bspfrfgi tc mfaaer-egt icbos. Meveocpfgi exedutfve eaaedtfvegess wfoo dlbooegie mfredtfcgs,

icbos, bgm purpcses ca cribgfsbtfcg. Ft rbfses tle eics ca fts pecpoe arcj

precddupbtfcg wftl prcnoejs tc b vfsfcg ca cppcrtugfty, arcj dcgderg

wftl web`gesses tc expocftbtfcg ca stregitls. ]lfs, fg turg, wlegever

ft lbppegs, jbès bg cribgfsbtfcg bttrbdtfve tc pecpoe ca lfil bnfofty

bgm bspfrbtfcg bgm jctfvbtes pecpoe tc lfiler peracrjbgde bgm lfiler

memfdbtfcg. cribgfsbtfcgs bre gct jcre eaaedtfve nedbuse tley lbve netter

pecpoe. ]ley lbve netter pecpoe nedbuse tley jctfvbte tc seoa-meveo-

cpjegt, tlrcuil tlefr stbgmbrms, tlrcuil tlefr lbnfts, tlrcuil tlefr

dofjbte. Bgm tlese, fg turg, resuot arcj systejbtfd, acdusem, purpcse-

auo seoa-trbfgfgi ca tle fgmfvfmubos fg nedcjfgi eaaedtfve exedutfves.‚ 51

Jbgbier meveocpjegt

Fg lfs ncc` ]le Xrbdtfde ca Jbgbiejegt , Mrudèr lbs b dlbpter cgMeveocpfgi Jbgbiers. Le neofeves tlbt jbgbiejegt meveocpjegt

fs gct bncut fmegtfayfgi tboegt acr tcmby‖s requfrejegts nut ft slcuom

ejnrbde meveocpfgi jbgbiers tc jbgbie tle auture.

‟Nut tle jeg wlc geem jbgbier meveocpjegt tle jcst bre gct tle

“nboos ca flre‖ wlc bre tle nbd`-up jeg bgm prcjc tbnoe pecpoe. ]ley

51 Xeter Mrudèr (2619) “]le Eaaedtfve Exedutfve‖, Lefgejbgg Xrcaessfcgbo Xunofslfgi. Xp2=2.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 136/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2>>

bre tlcse jbgbiers wlc bre gct iccm egcuil tc ne prcjctem nut gct

pccr egcuil tc ne flrem. ]lese dcgstftute tle irebt jbkcrfty0 bgm tley

mc tle nuo` ca tle bdtubo jbgbiejegt ca tle nusfgess. Jcst ca tlej

wfoo, teg yebrs legde, stfoo ne fg tlefr presegt kcns. Ugoess tley lbve

ircwg up tc tle mejbgms ca tcjcrrcw‖s kcns, tle wlcoe jbgbiejegt ircup wfoo ne fgbmequbte — gc jbtter lcw iccm, lcw dbreauooy

seoedtem bgm meveocpem, tle prcjctbnoe pecpoe. Bgm wlbtever dbg ne

ibfgem ny meveocpfgi tle dlcseg aew wfoo ne caaset ny tle stugtfgi,

tle jboacrjbtfcg, bgm tle resegtjegt ca tlcse wlc bre pbssem cver.‚ 59

]lfs fs bg extrejeoy fjpcrtbgt pcfgt Mrudèr jbès fg terjs ca jbgbi-

fgi pecpoe fg b jcmerg nusfgess. ]lere bre jbgy cribgfsbtfcgs

fgdoumfgi nfi dcgsuotbgdfes, wlfdl lbve b systej ca fmegtfayfgi tboegt,

ny wlfdl tley jebg pecpoe wlc bre cr dcuom ne prcjctbnoe tc segfcr

pcsftfcgs. ]ley bre ifveg spedfbo trbfgfgi nbsem cg b sc dbooem “abst-

trbd`‖ rcute. Tudl b prbdtfde fg jy cpfgfcg mejctes tle rest ca tle

stbaa bgm drebtes b seoa-prcaessfgi auoflojegt nbsem cg tle “Xyijbofcg

eaaedt‖. ]le jessbie tc tle rest ca tle stbaa fs “ycu bre presegtoy tcoer-

bnoe nut fjjemfbteoy mfspegsbnoe‖. Jbgbifgi pecpoe ugmer sudl b

sftubtfcg wcuom ne very mfaflduot. ]lfs fs tle duoture ca mejctfvbtfcg.

Xsydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt

Ye lbve borebmy fgtrcmudem fg bg ebrofer dlbpter tle dcgdept bgm

tle fjpcrtbgde ca “psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt‖. Xsydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt fs

twc-wby trbafld — reedtfgi cribgfsbtfcgbo bgm fgmfvfmubo mejbgms.

Bpbrt arcj tle oeibo dcgtrbdt ca ejpocyjegt cr b dcgtrbdt tlbt meofv-

ers edcgcjfd returgs, tlere fs bosc bg fjpofem dcgtrbdt cg nelboa ca

cribgfsbtfcgs bgm ejpocyees. Mrudèr mces gct use tle gbje

“psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt‖ nut fg lfs dlbpter cg Ejpocyfgi tle Ylcoe

Jbg5< le mces jegtfcg tlbt tlere bre mejbgms jbme ny tle egter-

prfse cg tle wcrèr bgm mejbgms jbme ny wcrèrs cg tle egterprfse.

59 Xeter Mrudèr (2619) “]le Xrbdtfde ca Jbgbiejegt‖, Lefgejbgg. Xp2<>.

5< Fnfm. Xp>12->1=.



]le mejbgms jbme ny tle egterprfse cg tle wcrèr bre;

• B abfr mby‖s wcr`.

• Jb`fgi eaacrts tc bdlfeve cribgfsbtfcgbo cnkedtfves.

• Memfdbtfcg.

• ]b`fgi respcgsfnfofty.

• Yfoofgigess tc bddept dlbgie.

]le wcrèr‖s mejbgms cg tle egterprfse fgdoume;

• Abfr mby‖s pby.

• Auoflojegt ca stbtus.

• Kustfde.

• Equbo cppcrtugftfes acr bmvbgdejegt.

• Jebgfgiauo wcr`.

]lfs fs wlbt we ugmerstbgm, wftl scje jemfdbtfcgs, fs tle gbture ca presegt mby “psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt‖. ]wc sets ca mejbgms just ne

bofigem acr cribgfsbtfcgs tc bdlfeve tlefr cnkedts bgm acr ejpocyees

tc jeet tlefr bspfrbtfcgs.

Jctfvbtfcg

Fg lfs dlbpter cg Jctfvbtfgi tc Xeb` Xeracrjbgde, Mrudèr pcfgts

cut tle abdt tlbt kcn sbtfsabdtfcg cg fts cwg fs bmequbte bs jctfvb-

tfcg. Le ejplbsfses tle fjpcrtbgde ca respcgsfnfofty. espcgsfnfofty,

bddcrmfgi tc Mrudèr, fgvcoves dbreauo pobdejegt, lfil stbgmbrms ca

peracrjbgde, prcper bgm bmequbte fgacrjbtfcg bgm cppcrtugftfes.

Le bmvcdbtes flxfgi stretdl cnkedtfves sc wcrèrs iet seoa-jctfvbtem

ny tle gbture ca tle wcr` ftseoa.

Xeter Tegie ejplbsfsem tle geem acr slbrfgi vfsfcg acr tle cribgf-sbtfcg tc nedcje b oebrgfgi cribgfsbtfcg. Tudl bg cribgfsbtfcg drebtes


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 138/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2>=

b duoture wlfdl jctfvbtes fts ejpocyees. Mrudèr stbtes, ‟]le wcrèr

wfoo bssuje respcgsfnfofty acr peb` peracrjbgde cgoy fa le lbs jbgb-

ierfbo vfsfcg, tlbt fs, fa le sees tle egterprfse bs fa le were b jbgbier

respcgsfnoe, tlrcuil lfs peracrjbgde, acr fts suddess bgm survfvbo. ]lfs

vfsfcg le dbg cgoy bttbfg tlrcuil tle experfegde ca pbrtfdfpbtfcg.‚ 56

Fg lfs ncc Jbgbiejegt; ]bs`s espcgsfnfoftfes, Xrbdtfdes 18, Mrudèr

surveys scje èy jctfvbtfcgbo tlecrfes bgm dcjjegt cg bsscdfbtem

reboftfes. Le wrftes, fg bmmftfcg tc bddeptfgi ]lecry V (JdIreicr‖s

tlecry) bssujptfcgs, ‟Jbgbiers just aurtler bddept ft bs tlefr kcn tc

jbè wcrèr bgm wcr`fgi bdlfevfgi. ]ley just ne wfoofgi, bs b resuot,

tc bddept lfil mejbgms cg tlejseoves, tlefr serfcusgess, bgm tlefr

dcjpetegde. Nut jbgbiers dbggct bssuje, bs ]lecry V mces, tlbt pecpoewfoo wcr` tc bdlfeve fa cgoy tley were ifveg tle cppcrtugfty tc mc sc.

Jcre fs geemem — judl jcre — tc jbè eveg tle strcgi bgm lebotly

bddept tle nurmeg ca respcgsfnfofty.‚ 12

Ejpcwerjegt

Ye bosc tbo` bncut ejpcwerjegt gcw bgm ^csbnetl Jcss @bgter

(Dlbpter tweove) lbs stressem tle fjpcrtbgde ca ejpcwerjegt fg

tcmby‖s nusfgess.

Ejpcwerjegt fs meflgem bs bg bdt ca reoebsfgi lujbg egeriy. Ft fs

bncut drebtfgi sftubtfcgs wlere wcrèrs slbre pcwer bgm bssuje

respcgsfnfofty ca jb`fgi tlefr medfsfcgs acr tle negeflt ca cribgfsb-

tfcgs bgm tlejseoves.

]c use b jctfvbtfcgbo perspedtfve, ft fs bncut prcvfmfgi bg cppcrtu-

gfty tc ibfg bdlfevejegt, respcgsfnfofty bgm bmvbgdejegt, bgm ft fs

bosc bncut eofjfgbtfgi jebgfgioess, pcweroessgess bgm fscobtfcg.

56 Fnfm. Xp482.

18 Xeter Mrudèr (269=) “Jbgbiejegt‖, Lefgejbgg. pp>>8->4>.

12 Fnfm. Xp>4>.



Jbgy segfcr jbgbiers bre barbfm tc ejpcwer tlefr stbaa. Tcje ca

tle segfcr jbgbiers lbve wcrèm b gujner ca yebrs ibfgfgi pcwer,

sc ifvfgi ft bwby cr scje ca ft bwby jebgs oess pcwer acr tlej.

Ejpcwerfgi pecpoe fgdrebses pcwer — plegcjegcg ca fgdrebsfgi

returgs. Ejpcwerfgi pecpoe ices lbgm fg lbgm wftl drebtfgi cppcr-

tugftfes acr ejpocyees tc jbè medfsfcgs.

Ejpcwerjegt dbg ne occèm bt arcj cribgfsbtfcgbo bs weoo bs fgmf-

vfmubo perspedtfves. cribgfsbtfcgs dbg drebte bg bpprcprfbte bgm bg

egbnofgi duoture acr ejpcwerjegt tc tbè pobde nut bt tle egm ca tle

mby ft fs fgmfvfmubos wlc lbve tc ejpcwer tlejseoves. ]ley lbve tc

ifve dcjjftjegt bgm fgvcovejegt.

]le wlcoe dlbpter fg Mrudèr‖s ncc` cg Jctfvbtfgi tc Xeb` Xeracr-

jbgde fs bncut ejpcwerfgi ejpocyees tc bdlfeve peb` peracrjbgde

— cgoy Mrudèr mces gct use tle obneo “ejpcwerjegt‖. Le jbès tle

pcfgt tlbt jcmerg jbgbiejegt wrfters mc, tlbt ycu dbggct ifve pcwer

tc pecpoe — tley lbve tc bddept pcwer tlejseoves. Bddcrmfgi tc

Mrudèr, prfme bgm bddcjpofsljegt dbggct ne ifveg0 ft ircws cut ca

fgmfvfmubos.

Le bosc lbs b oct tc sby bncut jebsurfgi peracrjbgde. Fg lfs ncc`

Xrbdtfde ca Jbgbiejegt 1>, le jbès tle pcfgt tlbt nusfgess geems

cnkedtfves bgm ft fs ejpocyees wlc bre bsèm tc meofver tlese cnked-

tfves. Cgde cnkedtfves bre set tleg jbgbiers lbve tc jcgftcr tlej

tc see fa tley bre bttbfgem. Le bmvfses jbgbiers tc tlfg` tlrcuil very

dbreauooy fg jbgbifgi jebgfgiauo jebsurejegt.

Oebmerslfp

Jcst ca tle oebmerslfp iurus ejplbsfse tle fjpcrtbgde ca sunstbgde

rbtler tlbg styoe fg nedcjfgi bg eaaedtfve oebmer. Mrudèr fg lfs ncc`

Jbgbifgi acr tle Auture14 lbs b dlbpter cg Oebmerslfp; Jcre Mcfgi

1> Xeter Mrudèr (2655) “Xrbdtfde ca Jbgbiejegt‖, Lefgejbgg. Xp2=9.

14 Xeter Mrudèr (266>) “Jbgbifgi acr tle Auture‖, Nutterwcrtl-Lefgejbgg. Xp288-284.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 140/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2>1

tlbg Mbsl. Le wrftes tlbt oebmerslfp fs gct bncut lbvfgi dlbrfsjb cr

bncut lbvfgi spedffld oebmerslfp quboftfes cr oebmerslfp perscgbofty.

Oebmerslfp fs bncut bdtfcg — tle bdt ca meflgfgi bgm dcjjugfdbtfgi

vfsfcg bgm settfgi icbos bgm prfcrftfes. Oebmerslfp just ne seeg bs

respcgsfnfofty rbtler tlbg b rbg` bgm prfvfoeie. Ft fs bosc bncut drebt-

fgi “lujbg egerifes bgm lujbg vfsfcg‖.

Bncve boo le stresses tle fjpcrtbgde ca trust. ‟]c trust b oebmer, ft fs

gct gedessbry tc ofè lfj. Gcr fs ft gedessbry tc biree wftl lfj. ]rust

fs tle dcgvfdtfcg tlbt tle oebmer jebgs wlbt le sbys, ft fs b neofea fg

scjetlfgi very com-abslfcgem, dbooem “fgteirfty‖. B oebmer‖s bdtfcgs bgm

b oebmer‖s prcaessem neofeas just ne dcgiruegt, cr bt oebst dcjpbtfnoe.

Eaaedtfve oebmerslfp — bgm bibfg tlfs fs very com wfsmcj — fs gct nbsem

cg nefgi doever0 ft fs nbsem prfjbrfoy cg nefgi dcgsfstegt.‚ 1=

Mrudèr bosc lbs scjetlfgi tc sby bncut `gcwoemie wcrèrs bgm

tlefr jctfvbtfcg. Fg lfs ncc`15 le wrftes ‟Afgbooy tlere bre tle `gcwo-

emie wcrèrs, bgm espedfbooy, tle bmvbgdem gcwoemie wcrèrs. ]ley

lbve tc ne “`gcwoemie prcaessfcgbos‖. ]lfs jebgs tlbt gc cge dbg jctf-

vbte tlej. ]ley lbve tc jctfvbte tlejseoves. Gc cge dbg mfredt tlej.]ley lbve tc mfredt tlejseoves. Bater boo, gc cge dbg supervfse tlej.

]ley bre tle iubrmfbgs ca tlefr cwg stbgmbrms, peracrjbgde, bgm cnked-

tfves. ]ley dbg ne prcmudtfve cgoy fa tley bre respcgsfnoe acr tlefr cwg

kcn.‚

Mruèr cg jbgbifgi pecpoe — flgbo wcrms

Le sbys tlere bre tlree trbmftfcgbo bpprcbdles tc jbgbifgi pecpoe.

]ley bre tle weoabre bpprcbdl wlfdl le sbys fs bncut leopfgi rbtler

tlbg jbgbifgi pecpoe. ]lere fs tle perscggeo jbgbiejegt bpprcbdl

1= Fnfm. Xp284.

15 Xeter Mrudèr (269=) “Jbgbiejegt‖. Lefgejbgg. Xp>=>.



wlfdl le sbys ‟ nebrs tle sbje reobtfcgslfp tc jbgbifgi pecpoe bs

vbduujfgi tle ofvfgi rccj bgm wbslfgi tle mfsles nebr tc b lbppy

jbrrfbie bgm nrfgifgi up ca dlfomreg‚. ]le perscggeo bpprcbdl

bmmresses lyifege abdtcrs (Lerzneri‖s tlecry — dlbpter sfx). ]leg tlere

fs tle dcst bpprcbdl wlfdl fs acdusem cg dcgtrcoofgi dcst.

Lcwever, tc jbgbie pecpoe eaaedtfveoy requfres tle oebmerslfp ca

pecpoe, b oebmer wlc truoy neofeves tlbt‟cur irebtest bsset fs cur pecpoe.‚

Oesscgs oebrgt arcj Xeter Mrudèr

• ]rebt pecpoe bs lujbg nefgis gct bs b iegerbo rescurde.

• Dcgsfmer tle twc-sfmem “psydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt‖ wleg

redruftfgi stbaa.

• ]lfg` tlfgis tlrcuil very dbreauooy neacre seoedtfgi ycur

stbaa.

• Mc gct sfjpoy acdus cg b dlcseg aew tc meveocp tboegt wftlfg ycur cribgfsbtfcg. ]le survfvbo ca ycur nusfgess mepegms

cg boo ycur ejpocyees.

• Tet stretdl cnkedtfves acr ycur stbaa.

• Jctfvbte ycur stbaa gct wftl “stfd`s bgm dbrrcts‖ nut wftl

respedt bgm dcgsfmerbtfcg.

• Jbè ycur stbaa respcgsfnoe acr tle wcr` tley mc.

• Bs oebmers dcjjugfdbte ycur vfsfcg bgm oebm ny exbjpoe.

Oebmerslfp fs bncut bdtfcg.

• Fgstftutfcgbofse trust fg crmer tc drebte b dcoobncrbtfve bgm

egbnofgi duoture.

• êjejner ycur cgoy irebtest bsset fs pecpoe.



Nobg`


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 143/178TEQEG]EEG JBGBIFGI XECXOE FTTUET FG X^BD]FDE 2>6

TEQEG]EEG

Jbgbifgi pecpoe fssues fg prbdtfde

]lere bre jbgy cribgfsbtfcgs bgm dcgsuotbgdy bgm trbfgfgi dcjpb-

gfes wlfdl prcvfme trbfgfgi prcirbjjes bgm bmvfde tc boo `fgms bgm

boo sfzes ca nusfgess. Jbgy cribgfsbtfcgs geem sudl leop. Fg tle U@,

acr exbjpoe, tle Ycr` Acugmbtfcg (acrjeroy gcwg bs tle Fgmustrfbo

Tcdfety) “exfsts tc fgspfre bgm meofver fjprcvejegts tc peracrjbgde

tlrcuil fjprcvfgi tle qubofty ca wcr`fgi ofae‖.

]le ctler `ey cribgfsbtfcg, Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe, prcvfme gbtfcgbo

cwgerslfp ca tle Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe Ttbgmbrm. ]le Ttbgmbrm fs “tle

nusfgess fjprcvejegt tcco mesfigem tc bmvbgde bg cribgfsbtfcg

peracrjbgde tlrcuil fts ejpocyees‖ . ]le acdus fs cg nusfgess suddess

tlrcuil pecpoe. Bg fgsfilt fgtc tle Ttbgmbrm suppcrts tle vfew tlbt

pecpoe bre fgmeem cur irebtest bsset.

]le Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe Ttbgmbrm

Xrfgdfpoe 2; Dcjjftjegt

Bg Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe fs auooy dcjjfttem tc meveocpfgi fts pecpoe

fg crmer tc bdlfeve fts bfjs bgm cnkedtfves.

FGMFDB]C^ F

]le cribgfsbtfcg fs dcjjfttem tc suppcrtfgi tle meveocpjegt

ca fts pecpoe.



Evfmegde;

• ]cp jbgbiejegt dbg mesdrfne strbteifes tlbt tley lbve

put fg pobde tc suppcrt tle meveocpjegt ca pecpoe fg crmer

tc fjprcve tle cribgfsbtfcg peracrjbgde.

• Jbgbiers dbg mesdrfne spedffld bdtfcgs tlbt tley lbve

tb`eg bgm bre durregtoy tb`fgi tc suppcrt tle meveocp-

jegt ca pecpoe.

• Xecpoe dbg dcgflrj tlbt tle spedffld strbteifes bgm bdtfcgs

mesdrfnem ny tcp jbgbiejegt bgm jbgbiers tb`e pobde.

• Xecpoe neofeve tle cribgfsbtfcg fs iegufgeoy dcjjfttemtc suppcrtfgi tlefr meveocpjegt.

FGMFDB]C^ FF

Xecpoe bre egdcurbiem tc fjprcve tlefr cwg bgm ctler pecpoe‖s

peracrjbgde.

Evfmegde;

• Xecpoe dbg ifve exbjpoes ca lcw tley lbve neeg

egdcurbiem tc fjprcve tlefr cwg peracrjbgde.

• Xecpoe dbg ifve exbjpoes ca lcw tley lbve neeg

egdcurbiem tc fjprcve ctler pecpoe‖s peracrjbgde.

FGMFDB]C^ FFF

Xecpoe neofeve tlefr dcgtrfnutfcg tc tle cribgfsbtfcg fs redcigfsem.

Evfmegde;

• Xecpoe dbg mesdrfne lcw tlefr dcgtrfnutfcg tc tle cribg-

fsbtfcg fs redcigfsem.

• Xecpoe neofeve tlbt tlefr dcgtrfnutfcg tc tle cribgfsb-

tfcg fs redcigfsem.

• Xecpoe redefve bpprcprfbte bgm dcgstrudtfve aeemnbd`cg b tfjeoy bgm reiuobr nbsfs.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 145/178TEQEG]EEG JBGBIFGI XECXOE FTTUET FG X^BD]FDE 242

FGMFDB]C^ FQ

]le cribgfsbtfcg fs dcjjfttem tc egsurfgi equbofty ca cppcr-

tugfty fg tle meveocpjegt ca fts pecpoe.

Evfmegde;

• ]cp jbgbiejegt dbg mesdrfne strbteifes tlbt tley

lbve put fg pobde tc egsure equbofty ca cppcrtugfty fg

tle meveocpjegt ca pecpoe.

• Jbgbiers dbg mesdrfne spedffld bdtfcgs tlbt tley lbve

tbèg bgm bre durregtoy tb`fgi tc egsure equbofty ca cppcr-

tugfty fg tle meveocpjegt ca pecpoe.

• Xecpoe dcgflrj tlbt tle spedffld strbteifes bgm bdtfcgs

mesdrfnem ny tcp jbgbiejegt bgm jbgbiers tbè pobde

bgm redcigfse tle geems ca mfaaeregt ircups.

• Xecpoe neofeve tle cribgfsbtfcg fs iegufgeoy dcjjfttem

tc egsurfgi equbofty ca cppcrtugfty fg tle meveocpjegt

ca pecpoe.

Xrfgdfpoe >; Xobggfgi

Bg Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe fs doebr bncut fts bfjs bgm fts cnkedtfves

bgm wlbt fts pecpoe geem tc mc tc bdlfeve tlej.

FGMFDB]C^ Q

]le cribgfsbtfcg lbs b pobg wftl doebr bfjs bgm cnkedtfves wlfdl

bre ugmerstccm ny everycge.

Evfmegde;

• ]le cribgfsbtfcg lbs b pobg wftl doebr bfjs bgm cnkedtfves.

• Xecpoe dbg dcgsfstegtoy expobfg tle bfjs bgm cnkedtfves

ca tle cribgfsbtfcg bt b oeveo bpprcprfbte tc tlefr rcoe.

• êpresegtbtfve ircups bre dcgsuotem bncut tle cribg-fsbtfcg bfjs bgm cnkedtfves.



FGMFDB]C^ QF

]le meveocpjegt ca pecpoe fs fg ofge wftl tle cribgfsbtfcg bfjs

bgm cnkedtfves.

Evfmegde;

• ]le cribgfsbtfcg lbs doebr prfcrftfes wlfdl ofg` tle

meveocpjegt ca pecpoe tc fts bfjs bgm cnkedtfves bt cribg-

fsbtfcg, tebj bgm fgmfvfmubo oeveo.

• Xecpoe doebroy ugmerstbgm wlbt tlefr meveocpjegt bdtfv-

ftfes slcuom bdlfeve, nctl acr tlej bgm tle cribgfsbtfcg.

FGMFDB]C^ QFF

Xecpoe ugmerstbgm lcw tley dcgtrfnute tc bdlfevfgi tle cribg-

fsbtfcg bfjs bgm cnkedtfves.

Evfmegde;

• Xecpoe dbg expobfg lcw tley dcgtrfnute tc bdlfevfgi tle

cribgfsbtfcg bfjs bgm cnkedtfves.

Xrfgdfpoe 4; Bdtfcg

Bg Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe meveocps fts pecpoe eaaedtfveoy fg crmer

tc fjprcve fts peracrjbgde.

FGMFDB]C^ QFFF

Jbgbiers bre eaaedtfve fg suppcrtfgi tle meveocpjegt ca pecpo

]le cribgfsbtfcg jb`es sure tlbt jbgbiers lbve tle gcwoemie

bgm s`foos tley geem tc meveocp tlefr pecpoe.

Evfmegde;

• Jbgbiers bt boo oeveos ugmerstbgm wlbt tley geem tc mc

tc suppcrt tle meveocpjegt ca pecpoe.

• Xecpoe ugmerstbgm wlbt tlefr jbgbier slcuom ne mcfgi

tc suppcrt tlefr meveocpjegt.



• Jbgbiers bt boo oeveos dbg ifve exbjpoes ca bdtfcgs tlbt

tley lbve tbèg bgm bre durregtoy tb`fgi tc suppcrt tle

meveocpjegt ca pecpoe.

• Xecpoe dbg mesdrfne lcw tlefr jbgbiers bre eaaedtfve

fg suppcrtfgi tlefr meveocpjegt.

FGMFDB]C^ F\

Xecpoe oebrg bgm meveocp eaaedtfveoy.

Evfmegde;

• Xecpoe wlc bre gew tc tle cribgfsbtfcg, bgm tlcse gew

tc b kcn, dbg dcgflrj tlbt tley lbve redefvem bg eaaed-

tfve fgmudtfcg.

• ]le cribgfsbtfcg dbg slcw tlbt pecpoe oebrg bgm meveocp

eaaedtfveoy.

• Xecpoe ugmerstbgm wly tley lbve ugmertbèg meveo-

cpjegt bdtfvftfes bgm wlbt tley bre expedtem tc mc bs

b resuot.

• Xecpoe dbg ifve exbjpoes ca wlbt tley lbve oebrgt (`gcwo-

emie, s`foos bgm bttftume) arcj meveocpjegt bdtfvftfes.

• Meveocpjegt fs ofgèm tc reoevbgt extergbo quboffldbtfcgs

cr stbgmbrms (cr nctl), wlere bpprcprfbte.

Xrfgdfpoe =; Evboubtfcg

Bg Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe ugmerstbgms tle fjpbdt ca fts fgvestjegt

fg pecpoe cg fts peracrjbgde.

FGMFDB]C^ \

]le meveocpjegt ca pecpoe fjprcves tle peracrjbgde ca tle

cribgfsbtfcg, tebjs bgm fgmfvfmubos.



Evfmegde;

• ]le cribgfsbtfcg dbg slcw tlbt tle meveocpjegt ca

pecpoe lbs fjprcvem tle peracrjbgde ca tle cribgf-

sbtfcg, tebjs bgm fgmfvfmubos.

FGMFDB]C^ \F

Xecpoe ugmerstbgm tle fjpbdt ca tle meveocpjegt ca pecpoe cg

tle peracrjbgde ca tle cribgfsbtfcg, tebjs bgm fgmfvfmubos.

]cp jbgbiejegt ugmerstbgms tle cverboo dcsts bgm negeflts ca

tle meveocpjegt ca pecpoe bgm fts fjpbdt cg peracrjbgde.

Evfmegde;

• Xecpoe dbg expobfg tle fjpbdt ca tlefr meveocpjegt cg

tlefr peracrjbgde, bgm tle peracrjbgde ca tlefr tebj

bgm tle cribgfsbtfcg bs b wlcoe.

FGMFDB]C^ \FF

]le cribgfsbtfcg iets netter bt meveocpfgi fts pecpoe

Evfmegde;

• Xecpoe dbg ifve exbjpoes ca reoevbgt bgm tfjeoy fjprcve-

jegts tlbt lbve neeg jbme tc meveocpjegt bdtfvftfes.

]le Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe Ttbgmbrm fs prctedtem ny fgteooedtubo prcperty rfilts ugmer gbtfcgbo bgm

fgtergbtfcgbo obw. ]le Ttbgmbrm jby gct ne reprcmudem fg wlcoe cr fg pbrt wftlcut prfcr wrftteg

dcgsegt. Ugbutlcrfsem dcpyfgi fs bdtfcgbnoe ugmer nctl dfvfo bgm drfjfgbo oeifsobtfcg.

]le Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe jbr` bgm ocic bre prctedtem ny trbme jbr` obw bgm jby gct ne usem sbve

fg bddcrmbgde wftl metbfoem iufmeofges fssuem ny Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe U@ bgm tle spedffld butlcrf-

tfes irbgtem tc dcjpbgfes bgm cribgfsbtfcgs.



Dbse Ttumfes

]le fgm ca dbses bgm fssues tle Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe lbve mebot wftl

bre presegtem neocw;

Jbggfgilbj Dfty Dcugdfo — Jeoncurge, Bustrbofb

FG]^CMUD]FCG

]le dfty ca Jbggfgilbj fs set fg tle ebsterg sunurns ca Jeoncurge

bgm dcvers bg breb ca 224 squbre focjeters. ]le Dcugdfo lbs b numiet

ca $15 jfoofcg, b dlfea exedutfve, acur mfredtcrs bgm 21 servfde ugft

jbgbiers. Ft dcvers gebroy =2,888 mweoofgis.

]LE DLBOOEGIE

Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe wbs dlcseg bs ft caaerem tle nest rcute acr jbgbi-

fgi tle pecpoe-reobtem bspedts ca qubofty. Icrmcg Lfoo, bdtfgi dcrpcrbte

meveocpjegt jbgbier, neofeves tlbt tle Ttbgmbrm mcvetbfos eaaedtfveoy

wftl ctler stbgmbrms sudl bs FTC 6882, FTC 2=882 bgm tle ocdbo Tbaety

Jbp dertffldbtfcg, wlfdl tle Dcugdfo ibfgem ebrofer. Le mesdrfnes

ibfgfgi Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe redcigftfcg bs “tle obst arcgtfer‖ fg tleDcugdfo‖s mrfve tc fjprcve peracrjbgde bdrcss boo brebs ca cperbtfcg.

Le sees tle Ttbgmbrm bs;

• fgdrebsfgi jbgbiejegt eaaedtfvegess tlrcuil fts pecpoe0

• suppcrtfgi tle bdlfevejegt ca `ey peracrjbgde fgmfdbtcrs0

• drebtfgi stbaa cwgerslfp ca tle dcrpcrbte pobg0 bgm

• egsurfgi tlbt fgmfvfmubo servfde ugfts jeet wfmer peracrj-bgde stbgmbrms.

]le Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe Ttbgmbrm wbs bmcptem bs b vftbo pfede fg tle

qubofty kfisbw tle Dcugdfo wbs bssejnofgi, bs ft wbs aeot ctler stbg-

mbrms geioedtem tle pecpoe meveocpjegt eoejegt ca tle tbs`.



]LE T]^B]EIV

]le Dcugdfo estbnofslem bg fgtergbo Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe tebj wlfdl

wbs respcgsfnoe acr fjpoejegtfgi tle prckedt bgm jbfgtbfgfgi b strbte-

ifd cvervfew ca tle wlcoe prcdess. Ft bosc bmvfsem fgmfvfmubo servfde

ugfts cg tlefr bdtfcg pobgs bgm meveocpem b dcjjugfdbtfcgs pobg.]le prcdess wbs pfoctem wftl tlree ugfts neacre nefgi rcooem cut tc

tle rejbfgfgi acurteeg.

]LE ETUO]T

Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe lbs leopem tle Dcugdfo tc bdlfeve fts pereggfbo

icbo ca iettfgi tle sbje cutput acr oess dcst — wftlcut geioedtfgi tle

lujbg dcgsequegdes fg tle prcdess.

]le redruftjegt bgm retegtfcg ca “tcp oeveo peracrjers‖ dbg ne bg fssue

fg tle Bustrbofbg punofd servfde sedtcr. Ny fgtrcmudfgi netter ejpocyee

meveocpjegt prcdesses bgm ifvfgi b tcp mcwg sfigbo tlbt pecpoe rebooy

bre fts jcst fjpcrtbgt bsset, Jbggfgilbj Dfty Dcugdfo lbs neeg bnoe

tc fjprcve jctfvbtfcg, fgdrebse dustcjer sbtfsabdtfcg bgm remude dcsts.

Ocw stbaa turgcver oeveos ca cgoy 2>% bgm dustcjer sbtfsabdtfcg rbtfgis

ca 6<% bre nctl bttrfnutem fg pbrt tc Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe.

Icrmcg Lfoo dcgtfgues, ‟]le fmeb ca ofg`fgi stbaa wcr` prcdesses tc

tle ocgi-terj pobgs acr tle cribgfsbtfcg wbs ocgi cvermue. Fg cur

mrfve tc bdlfeve qubofty bdrcss boo brebs, Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe lbs leopem

us tc drebte acdus fg cur pecpoe meveocpjegt strbteiy.‚

Tfgde ibfgfgi Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe redcigftfcg, tle Dcugdfo lbs neeg

`eeg tc nufom cg fts suddess bgm jbfgtbfg tle pcsftfve jcjegtuj.

Cge resuot fs tle gew Dlbrbdter Afrst prcirbjje, wlereny stbaa bre

redcigfsem acr wlc tley bre bgm lcw tley ic bncut tlefr kcn, rbtler

tlbg acr wlbt tley prcmude.

Icrmcg Lfoo neofeves tlbt tlere fs b ircwfgi bwbregess ca tle vboue

ca Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe fg tle Bustrbofbg punofd sedtcr bs b wlcoe. ]le

Dcugdfo lbs neeg dcgtbdtem ny b gujner ca ctler cribgfsbtfcgs ebier

tc oebrg jcre bncut fts Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe kcurgey.



‟]lere seejs tc ne b iegufge redcigftfcg tlbt b prcirbjje ca pecpoe

meveocpjegt wfoo oebm tc netter nusfgess peracrjbgde — b swfgi tcwbrms

rebofsfgi tlbt lfrfgi, retbfgfgi bgm meveocpfgi lfil dbofnre stbaa wfoo

bssfst fg tle bdlfevejegt ca nusfgess icbos. Ye bre lbppy tc teoo ctler

cribgfsbtfcgs tlbt we dcugt cur acdus cg stbaa meveocpjegt bgm ftsfgteirbtfcg fgtc cur dcrpcrbte pobg bs b rebo stregitl. Fgvestcrs fg

Xecpoe represegtem b ocifdbo gext step fg cur qubofty kcurgey. Xecpoe

fssues iegerbooy brcse bs jbkcr nusfgess bofigjegt bgm eafldfegdy prcn-

oejs tlbt dcuom ne bmmressem tlrcuil tle Ttbgmbrm.‚

Bgioesey Teb [cc

]LE C^IBGFTB]FCG

Bgioesey Teb [cc fs bg cutstbgmfgi vfsftcr bttrbdtfcg, sftubtem cg tle

stuggfgi Fsoe ca Bgioesey dcbstofge, docse tc tle vfoobie ca Nrygsfeg-

dyg. Estbnofslem fg 26<4 ny Bofscg & Mbvfm Oeb-Yfoscg, tle Teb [cc

evcovem arcj b prevfcus nusfgess, Jcgb Teb Accms, wlfdl lbm cper-

btem bs b sebaccm, flsl bgm ibje wlcoesbofgi dcjpbgy, suppoyfgi

dustcjers tlrcuilcut Gcrtl Yboes bgm tle Gcrtl Yest ca Egiobgm.

Bwbre ca tle vfsftcr fgterest iegerbtem ny tle ofve cyster bgm ocnster

stcd`s leom acr wlcoesbofgi, tle cwgers purdlbsem bmmftfcgbo tbg`s

tc exlfnft jcre spedfjegs bgm jbme egqufrfes bncut irbgt augmfgi

tc meveocp tlfs sfme ca tle nusfgess. Ugbnoe tc sedure flgbgdfbo

suppcrt acr tle prckedt, tley medfmem tc dcgtfgue wftl meveocpjegt

tlejseoves bgm fgvestem sunstbgtfbo sujs fg fjprcvfgi tle qubofty

ca exlfnftfcg bgm suppcrt abdfoftfes. ]le nusfgess lbs icge arcj stregitl

tc stregitl sfgde tleg.

Bgioesey Teb [cc fs cpeg 9 mbys b wee`, arcj Jbrdl tc Gcvejner,

prcvfmfgi vfsftcrs wftl bddess tc b vbrfety ca ugmerwbter lbnftbts,

wftl mfspobys fgdoumfgi b rby pcco0 ocnster obfr0 flsl acrest0 ofae ugmer

tle pfer bgm slfpwred`. ]le Degtre caaers jbgy reobtem bttrbdtfcgs,

fgdoumfgi “pebro flslfgi‖, b ifat slcp, wbter ibjes, dlfomreg‖s ic-`brts,

b dcaaee slcp bgm pfdgfd abdfoftfes.



]le nusfgess durregtoy ejpocys acur dcre jejners ca stbaa, wftl

gujners rfsfgi tc >8 murfgi tle nusy lcofmby perfcms. Bgioesey Teb

[cc‖s stbtem bfjs bgm cnkedtfves bre tc meveocp fggcvbtfve bgm exdft-

fgi prcmudts, tc prcjcte dcgservbtfcg, tc fgdrebse fgdcje bgm tc

prcvfme ejpocyees wftl b iccm pobde tc wcr`.

Bofscg & Mbvfm Oeb-Yfoscg lbve redegtoy meveocpem b sfster nusfgess,

Lboeg Jcg, wlfdl lbrvests, pbd`s bgm mfstrfnutes prejfuj-qubofty

seb sbot tc cver 288 cutoets brcugm tle wcrom, arcj fts prejfses bt tle

Teb [cc.

]LE DLBOOEGIE

Fg 266= Bofscg & Mbvfm Oeb-Yfoscg‖s pbrtger fg tle Teb [cc medfmemtc oebve, caaerfgi tlej tle cptfcg ca nuyfgi lfj cut. ]lfs wbs seeg

bs b drudfbo tfje acr tle nusfgess bgm cge wleg medfsfcgs bncut fts

auture mfredtfcg bgm pctegtfbo prcfltbnfofty wcuom lbve tc ne jbme.

@eeg tc fgtrcmude b jcre strudturem bpprcbdl tc nusfgess meveocp-

jegt, Bofscg & Mbvfm nedcje bwbre ca Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe tlrcuil

b jbgbiejegt meveocpjegt prckedt fg wlfdl tley were icfgi tc egsure

tlbt tley lbm tle rfilt prcdesses bgm stbaa s`foos tc tb`e tlej tlere.

]LE T]^B]EIV

• Bofscg & Mbvfm prcmudem b nusfgess pobg, wlfdl doebroy fmeg-

tfflem wlbt tley wbgtem tc bdlfeve bgm leopem tc dcjjugfdbte

tlefr vfsfcg bgm cnkedtfves tc stbaa wcr`fgi bt tle Teb [cc.

• Bg cribgfsbtfcg dlbrt bgm doebr kcn mesdrfptfcgs, metbfofgi

pecpoe‖s respcgsfnfoftfes bgm brebs ca bddcugtbnfofty, were meveo-

cpem, wlfdl leopem pecpoe tc ugmerstbgm tle fjpcrtbgde ca

tlefr dcgtrfnutfcg tc tle nusfgess.

• B strudturem prcdess acr redruftjegt bgm seoedtfcg wbs fgtrc-

mudem, wlfdl egbnoe tle cwgers tc tbriet tlefr redruftjegt

bgm tc dobrfay wly tley were redruftfgi pecpoe bgm exbdtoy

wlbt tley geemem tlej tc ne bnoe tc mc.



• B acrjbo fgmudtfcg prcdess wbs meveocpem, fgdcrpcrbtfgi b

perfcm ca wcr` experfegde fg ebdl mepbrtjegt bgm b dcjpre-

legsfve stbaa lbgmncc`.

• Gbtfcgbo Qcdbtfcgbo Ruboffldbtfcgs (GQRs) were fgtrcmudem

acr boo stbaa, egsurfgi tlbt pecpoe were trbfgem tc fgmustry stbg-

mbrms bgm jctfvbtfgi fgmfvfmubos ny caaerfgi tlej acrjbo

redcigftfcg acr tlefr gcwoemie bgm s`foos.

• Evboubtfcg prcdesses were fgtrcmudem, wlfdl occèm bt lcw

eaaedtfve trbfgfgi bgm meveocpjegt bdtfvfty lbm neeg bgm, bosc,

wlbt dustcjers tlcuilt ca tle servfde tley were redefvfgi

arcj stbaa.

Bgioesey Teb [cc wbs flrst redcigfsem bs bg Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe fg

Aenrubry 2661. ]le cribgfsbtfcg suddessauooy retbfgem redcigftfcg

wleg ft wbs revfewem fg Aenrubry 2666 bgm wfoo slcrtoy ne icfgi

tlrcuil fts >gm Xcst êdcigftfcg êvfew.

]LE NEGEAF]T

Bgioesey Teb [cc lbs wcg b gujner ca bwbrms acr tle qubofty ca ftsservfde bgm tle meveocpjegt ca fts nusfgess bgm stbaa, tlese fgdoume;

• Icom Jembo acr Tervfdes tc ]curfsj.

• Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe U@ “]cp ]rbfgfgi ]fp‖ bwbrm, resuotfgi fg

aree bttegmbgde bt b 4-mby Drbgfleom Nusfgess Tdlcco dcurse.

• B Gbtfcgbo ]curfsj ]rbfgfgi bwbrm, resuotfgi fg b £5,888 dbsl

prfze.

ICCM X^BD]FDE E\BJXOET

• ]c leop meveocp tle nusfgess aurtler, tle Teb [cc leom b “Nusf-

gess Bgboysfs Jeetfgi‖, fgvcovfgi boo stbaa, bt wlfdl boo bspedt

ca cperbtfcgs wbs mfsdussem. Ttbaa reedtem upcg lcw tlfgis

occèm bgm aeot bt every stbie, arcj tle dustcjer‖s pcfgt ca

vfew, bgm tleg nrbfgstcrjem lcw tlfgis dcuom ne fjprcvem,

wlfdl iegerbtem cver 288 gew fmebs.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 154/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2=8

• ]le nusfgess bosc dbrrfem cut b “Kcn Twbp‖ exerdfse, wlfdl

fgvcovem Bqubrfuj stbaa (ejpocyem tc aeem flsl) bgm Dcaaee Tlcp

stbaa (ejpocyem tc aeem pecpoe), swbppfgi rcoes acr b slfat. ]le

resuots were stbrtofgi. Jbgy gew fmebs bgm dcjjcg bpprcbdles

tlbt were suiiestem were sunsequegtoy fjpoejegtem.

Mfelo Dcgtrcos U@ Otm

]LE CÎBGFTB]FCG

Mfelo Dcgtrcos Otm fg Gcrtl Yboes wbs estbnofslem fg Bprfo >888, bs

bg butcgcjcus brj ca tle Ierjbg dcjpbgy, B`c/Mfelo Dcgtrcos,

Ybgieg. ]le nusfgess cperbtes bs b auoo servfde suppofer tc IMB Otmbgm fs nbsem wftlfg tle dcjpbgy‖s @fjjeo Xbr` abdtcry bt Ncmeowymmbg.

Mfelo Dcgtrcos fs respcgsfnoe acr tle ocifstfds, bssejnoy, prcirbj-

jfgi, testfgi bgm meofvery ca dcgtrco bssejnofes tc IMB‖s wbslfgi

jbdlfge prcmudtfcg ofges. Ft fs bosc respcgsfnoe acr tle wbrrbgty cg

tle prcmudt.

]le nusfgess cperbtes ugmer tle mfredtfcg ca b Xobgt Jbgbier, bssfstem

ny twc Tupervfscrs, twc Rubofty Egifgeers, cge Ocifstfds Xobgger, twc

]ebj Oebmers, twc Jbterfbos Lbgmoers bgm b tebj ca 2> Cperbtcrs0

wcr`fgi b twc slfat pbtterg.

]LE DLBOOEGIE

Arcj tle cutset, tle jbgbiejegt ca Mfelo Dcgtrcos redcigfsem tlbt

tle Dcjpbgy‖s stbtem plfocscply ca dcgtfgubo fjprcvejegt wcuom

ne pctegtfbooy mfaflduot tc fjpoejegt, mue tc fts exdeooegt gew abdfof-tfes bgm tle lfil qubofty ca dcjpcgegt pbrts, suppofem ny fts Ierjbg

pbregt dcjpbgy. Meveocpjegt ca pecpoe wbs sccg fmegtfflem bs cge

breb wlere tle dcjpbgy dcuom acdus fts fjprcvejegt eaacrts, fg bg

bttejpt tc estbnofsl bmmem vboue acr fts èy dofegt, sc egsurfgi tctbo

dustcjer sbtfsabdtfcg.

Botlcuil jbgbiers wftlfg tle nusfgess lbm bg bnugmbgde ca egif-

geerfgi, qubofty bgm tedlgfdbo s`foos bgm experfegde, aew lbm redefvem


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 155/178TEQEG]EEG JBGBIFGI XECXOE FTTUET FG X^BD]FDE 2=2

acrjbo trbfgfgi fg pecpoe jbgbiejegt s`foos, cr tle meveocpjegt ca

bpprcprfbte reobtem systejs bgm prcdesses.

Mfelo Dcgtrcos fmegtfflem tlbt boo gew tebj redrufts wcuom geem dcjpre-

legsfve trbfgfgi, tc egbnoe tlej tc wcr` fg tle “lfil-tedl‖, juotf-s`fooem

egvfrcgjegt, mejbgmem ny tlefr gew ejpocyers. Jbgbiejegt

wbgtem tc drebte b duoture wlere pecpoe aeot weoo fgacrjem, bnoe tc

bdtfveoy dcgtrfnute bgm dcgflmegt fg tlefr s`foos bgm bnfoftfes. ]ley sbw

Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe bs b èy wby ca bdlfevfgi tlese tlfgis.

Usfgi Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe leopem tle cribgfsbtfcg tc pobg fts trbfg-

fgi bdtfvftfes bgm tle dcjpbgy dcgtfgues tc use tle stbgmbrm tc evboubte

tle fjpbdt ca fts fgvestjegt fg tle tebj‖s peracrjbgde.

]LE T]^B]EIV

• ]le Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe prcdess wbs expobfgem tc boo stbaa, bt

b spedfbooy dcgvegem jeetfgi, bgm pecpoe were bsèm acr tlefr

suppcrt fg wcr`fgi tcwbrms bdlfevejegt ca tle Ttbgmbrm.

• Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe Ycr fgi Ircup wbs estbnofslem, tc leop

wftl meveocpjegt ca systejs bgm prcdesses bgm tc egsure tlbt

ejpocyees were ept fgacrjem ca meveocpjegts, tlrcuil tlefr

Ejpocyee êpresegtbtfve.

• ]le Dcjpbgy prcmudem b trbfgfgi pobg, wlfdl fmegtfflem stbaa

s`foos bgm mfstrfnutfcg requfrem tc jeet prckedtem tbriets acr

tle nusfgess.

• ]rbfgfgi jbtrfdes were drebtem, wlfdl slcwem, bt b iobgde,

wlfdl ejpocyees lbm neeg trbfgem fg wlfdl s`foos, wlc wbs

dcgsfmerem dcjpetegt bgm wlc wbs bnoe tc trbfg ctlers.

• Bg ejpocyee Dcjjfttee wbs set up, tc egdcurbie eaaedtfve

dcjjugfdbtfcg netweeg jbgbiejegt bgm stbaa.

• Mfelo Dcgtrco fmegtfflem wlbt suppcrt wbs bvbfobnoe ocdbooy,

tc leop wftl tle flgbgdfgi bgm meofvery ca trbfgfgi bgm meveo-

cpjegt acr stbaa (e.i.; Fgmfvfmubo Oebrgfgi Bddcugts).


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 156/178IUÛT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2=>

• Fgmfvfmubo revfews were fgtrcmudem acr boo ejpocyees, prcvfm-

fgi tlej wftl tle cppcrtugfty tc mfsduss tlefr peracrjbgde

bgm tc biree upcg cnkedtfve bgm meveocpjegt geems.

• ]ebj jeetfgis were obugdlem, tc èep pecpoe fgacrjem ca

tle Dcjpbgy‖s peracrjbgde bgm bs b acruj tc mfsduss fssues

bgm tc jbè fjprcvejegt suiiestfcgs.

• Ttbaa surveys were dbrrfem cut, tc ibuie lcw pecpoe aeot bncut

gew prcdesses nefgi fgtrcmudem bgm lcw eaaedtfve tley were

bt jeetfgi pecpoe‖s meveocpjegt geems.

• Nrbfgstcrjfgi sessfcgs were dbrrfem cut wftl ejpocyees, tc

egdcurbie fgvcovejegt bgm cwgerslfp ca nusfgess fjprcve-jegt bt boo oeveos bgm tc iegerbte gew fmebs tc mebo wftl

cperbtfcgbo fssues.

FGQET]C^T FG XECXOE LFT]C^V

Mfelo Dcgtrcos U@ Otm wbs redcigfsem bs bg Fgvestcr fg Xecpoe, acoocw-

fgi fts flrst bssessjegt fg Teptejner >882.

]LE NEGEAF]T

• ]le Dcjpbgy lbve jet boo prcmudtfcg tbriets bgm fgtrcmudem

jbgy bmmftfcgbo vboue bmmem servfdes tc tlefr Dustcjer fg

fts flrst 2< jcgtls ca cperbtfcg.

• Mfelo Dcgtrcos fs dcgsfstegtoy bdlfevfgi tle dustcjer sbtfs-

abdtfcg, qubofty bgm revegue tbriets, bireem wftl fts pbregt

dcjpbgy bgm jbkcr dofegt.

• Bdlfevfgi Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe lbs egbnoem tle Dcjpbgy tc

jeet fts pbregt dcjpbgy‖s fgtergbo pecpoe meveocpjegt stbg-

mbrms.

(Tcurde; Fgvestcrs fg Xecpoe, U@, 9-28 Dlbgmcs Ttreet, Ocgmcg, YFI 6MR.)


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 157/178TEQEG]EEG JBGBIFGI XECXOE FTTUET FG X^BD]FDE 2=4

]le prevfcus dbses ejplbsfse tle fjpcrtbgde ca jbgbifgi pecpoe eaaed-

tfveoy fg bdlfevfgi ycur cribgfsbtfcgbo cnkedtfves. ]lese dbses rbgie

arcj sjboo tc obrie cribgfsbtfcgs bgm sprebm bdrcss gbtfcgbo bgm fgter-

gbtfcgbo ncugmbrfes.



Nobg`


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 159/178EFIL]EEG IÊB] DCJXBGFET ]C YC^@ AC^; ]LE XECXOE JBGBIEJEG] XE^TXED]FQE 2=5

EFIL]EEG

Irebt dcjpbgfes tc wcr` acr; tle

pecpoe jbgbiejegt perspedtfve

Fg Kbgubry, >88=, Acrtuge punofslem fts flgmfgis cg “28 Irebt Dcjpb-

gfes tc Ycr` Acr‖. Ft wrcte ‟]lrcuil teg dcjpbgfes fg teg dcugtrfes,

cge tleje rbg ofè b strcgi tlrebm fg cur eaacrt tc flgm b irebt Eurc-

pebg wcr`pobde; Ejpocyees ofè wcr`fgi acr b dcjpbgy wftl b

mfstfgdtfve duoture bgm b doebr scdfbo jfssfcg.‚

Tc wlbt bre tle èy bttrfnutes ca tle

“wfggfgi‖ dcjpbgfes/cribgfsbtfcgs3

• Xecpoe bre lbppy tc ne tlere.

• Lujcur bgm arfegmofgess.

• Gfde trebtjegt.

• Mfversfty.

• Ejpcwerjegt tc jeet dustcjers‖ geems.

• Dcgtrfnutfgi tc tle scdfbo dbuse.

• Aoexfnoe wcr` sdlemuoes.

• ]b fgi dbre ca fts wcrèrs.

• Fgteooedtubo dlbooegie.

• ]boegt meveocpjegt strbteiy.

• Egdcurbifgi dbreer pobggfgi.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 160/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2=1

• Ejpocyees lbve b segse ca exdftejegt.

• Eiboftbrfbg duoture.

• Nbobgde netweeg tle prfvbte bgm perscgbo ofae.

• Oebrgfgi duoture.

• Xecpoe bre bppredfbtem.

Fg >884, ]le Tugmby ]fjes punofslem tle ofst ca 288 nest dcjpbgfes

tc wcr` acr. ]lese dcjpbgfes were nest tc wcr` acr nedbuse bddcrm-

fgi tc tlefr ejpocyees;

• ]ley put pecpoe neacre prcflt.

• Xecpoe bre trebtem abfroy.

• ]lere fs b exfnoe wcr`fgi duoture.

• Dbrfgi bttftume tc ejpocyees.

• Oebmers bs exdeooegt rcoe jcmeos.

• Tuppcrtfgi iccm dbuses.

• ^espedt acr stbaa.

Dcgdousfcgs; (mrbwg arcj nctl Acrtuge bgm ]le Tugmby ]fjes

surveys) Lfiloy jctfvbtem pecpoe dcgtrfnute tc lfiloy sbtfsflem

dustcjers bgm tc suddessauo nusfgess peracrjbgde.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 161/178EFIL]EEG IÊB] DCJXBGFET ]C YC^@ AC^; ]LE XECXOE JBGBIEJEG] XE^TXED]FQE 2=9

Jbgbifgi pecpoe fssues bt Xrët B Jbgier

Ejpocyer nrbgmfgi bt Xrët B Jbgier

Estler C‖Lboocrbg, JBXM, edruftjegt & êtegtfcg Jbgbier, XrëtB Jbgier, U@.

Bt JDE‖s 4=tl Iocnbo lujbg rescurde jbgbiejegt dcgaeregde fg

Bprfo >88> fg Ofsncg, Estler C‖Lboocrbg prcvfmem bg fgsfilt fgtc ‟bg

fggcvbtfve dcgsujer nrbgm wlere drebtfve scoutfcgs tc bttrbdtfgi bgm

retbfgfgi irebt pecpoe dbg ne mejcgstrbtem‚.

Xrët B Jbgier fs b prfvbteoy cwgem dcjpbgy acugmem fg 26<1. Ft bfjstc meofver lfil qubofty accm wftl b abst, arfegmoy servfde. Ft cwgs bgm

jbgbies boo fts cutoets, ‟prcvfmfgi jbxfjuj dcgtrco ca tle nrbgm bgm

egsurfgi dcgsfstegtoy lfil stbgmbrms‚ . Ft lbs 22< slcps fg tle U@, bs

weoo bs slcps fg Gew Vcr` bgm Lcgi @cgi.

Fg 2666, fts L^ bgm trbfgfgi tebjs were drebtem.

Xrët B Jbgier lbs tlree dcre vboues; Xbssfcgbte bncut Accm, Xbssfcg-

bte bncut Xecpoe, Xbssfcgbte bncut Xrët. Fts vfsfcg fs ‟tc nufom bg

fgtergbtfcgbo nusfgess wlcse dustcjers bgm ejpocyees bre bppredf-

btem bgm respedtem. Ye dbg cgoy mc tlfs ny occ`fgi bater cur accm, cur

pecpoe, cur dustcjers bgm Xrët‚ . Ft bspfres tc b duoture ca lcgesty,

fgmfvfmubofsj, cpeggess bgm suppcrt — fgstfooem fg fts L^ systejs, bgm

ny “tbo`fgi, mcfgi, ofstegfgi, revfsfgi, bgm jebsurfgi‖. ]c qucte arcj

fts “Dbreer Dbrm‖, Xrët B Jbgier fs ‟meterjfgem gever tc acriet tlbt

cur lbrmwcr`fgi pecpoe jbè boo tle mfaaeregde. ]ley bre cur lebrt bgm scuo. Yleg tley dbre, cur nusfgess fs scugm. Fa tley debse tc dbre,

cur nusfgess ices mcwg tle mrbfg.‚ Aurtlerjcre, ‟we tbè cur

rewbrm sdlejes bgm dbreer cppcrtugftfes very serfcusoy. Ye trbfg bgm

meveocp. Ye fgvest fg cur pecpoe‚ . Bgm tlere fs aug; ‟Ye webr kebgs,

we pbrty, we lbve irebt tebjs‚ . Xrët B Jbgier lbs bg fgdegtfves rewbrm

bgm redcigftfcg sdleje, wlfdl fgdoumes “cutstbgmfgi dbrms‖0 fgmfvfmubo,

tebj bgm dcjpbgy ncguses0 b £2,888 Lcofmby Qcudler spedfbo bwbrm0

bgm weeòy, sujjer bgm Dlrfstjbs pbrtfes. Ft ofstegs bgm tbo`s tc fts


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 162/178IU^UT CG JBGBIFGI XECXOE2=<

stbaa wftl mbfoy tebj nrfeas, bgm lbs bg “cpeg mccr‖ pcofdy. Fts fgvcoves

fts pecpoe fg tle medfsfcg-jb`fgi prcdess — wleg redruftfgi, acr

exbjpoe, tle slcp tebj bpprcves cr mfsbpprcves nbsem cg bptftume

bgm perscgbofty, bgm fs tleg respcgsfnoe acr trbfgfgi bgm dcjjugf-

dbtfcg. Xrët B Jbgier lbs b ycugi bgm egtlusfbstfd wcr`acrde,fgdrebsem retegtfcg, bgm bg fjprcvem s`foos nbse tlrcuil dcgtfguem

experfegde. ]ebj jejner bppofdbtfcgs bre rfsfgi expcgegtfbooy.

Acrtuge gbjem ft bs cge ca tle teg nest dcjpbgfes tc wcr` acr fg

Eurcpe. Acr Xrët B Jbgier, qubofty fs pbrbjcugt. ‟Ye bre pbssfcg-

bte bncut accm, cur stbaa, bgm cur dustcjers. Fa tlere fs b sedret tc cur

suddess sc abr, ft‖s prcnbnoy cur meterjfgbtfcg tc put qubofty blebm ca

prcflt. Rubofty, gct kust ca cur accm, nut fg every bspedt ca wlbt we mc‚.

(Tcurde; Jbgbiejegt Degtre Eurcpe, ue me o‖Bquemud 22<, N-2858,

Nrusseos. E-Gews oetter.)


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 163/178GFGE]EEG B ]C [ CA JBGBIFGI XECXOE 2=6

GFGE]EEG

B tc [ ca jbgbifgi pecpoe

B Bofig ycur stbaa cnkedtfves wftl dcrpcrbte cnkedtfves.

N Nufom trust bgm dcoobncrbtfve duoture.

D Dcjjugfdbte, dcbdl bgm drebte b tlrfvfgi wcr` egvfrcgjegt.

M Meveocp tboegt bt boo oeveos gct kust acr tle dlcseg aew.

E Egerifse ycur stbaa tc bdlfeve dcrpcrbte icbos bgm tc tb`e

respcgsfnfofty.

A Abdfoftbte gcwoemie slbrfgi wftlfg ycur cribgfsbtfcg.

I Iegerbte egtlusfbsj bgm dcjjftjegt tlrcuil ycur oebmerslfp.

L Lferbrdlfdbo strudtures slcuom ne bncofslem.

F Fgacrj, fgvest, fggcvbte bgm bncve boo fgspfre.

K Kustfay ycur bdtfcgs bgm medfsfcgs.

@ @gcw ycur stbaa bgm ycur seoa.

O Oebm, oebrg bgm oeverbie ycur stbaa dcjpetegdfes.

J Jebsure, jcgftcr bgm jctfvbte.

G Gever jbgbie perscggeo0 jbgbie pecpoe

C Cpeg dcjjugfdbtfcg dcgtrfnutes tc meveocpfgi trust.

X Xsydlcocifdbo dcgtrbdt slcuom ne respedtem.

R Ruest acr oebrgfgi slcuom ne suppcrtem.

^ ^edruft bgm retbfg ycur stbaa.

T T`foos slcuom ne dcgtfgucusoy upmbtem.



] ]rust fs tle jbfg mrfver ca jbgbifgi pecpoe eaaedtfveoy.

U Ugmerstbgm tle fjpcrtbgde ca jbgbifgi pecpoe eaaedtfveoy.

Q Qboues bgm vfsfcg fguegde ycur stbaa nelbvfcur.

Y Yfg ycur stbaa ny ycur bdtfcg.

\ \ tlecry bssujptfcgs slcuom ne erbmfdbtem.

V Vcur dcgvfdtfcg bgm dcjjftjegt wfoo meterjfge ycur suddess.

[ [ebo bgm zest ca ycur stbaa slcuom ne suppcrtem ny prcvfmfgi

cppcrtugftfes tc peracrj weoo.

Xrbyer

‟Icm irbgt je dcurbie

tc dlbgie

tle tlfgis F dbg,

]le pbtfegde tc bddept tle

tlfgis F dbggct dlbgie,

bgm tle wfsmcj

tc `gcw tle mfaaeregde.‚

Bgcg


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 165/178GFGE]EEG B ]C [ CA JBGBIFGI XECXOE 252

Aurtler rebmfgi suiiestfcgs

• Briyrfs, Dlrfs (26<5). “Ttrbteiy, Dlbgie bgm Meaegsfve

^cutfges‖ Xftjbg.

• Nemefbg, Brtlur, I. (26<8). “cribgfsbtfcgs ]lecry bgm Bgboy-

sfs‖. Lcot-Tbugmers Fgtergbtfcgbo.

• Neggfs, Ybrreg (26<6). “Nedcjfgi b Oebmer‖. Lutdlfgscg Nusf-

gess Ncc`s.

• Neggfs & Icomsjftl (2669). “Oebrgfgi tc Oebm‖. Gfdlcobs

Nreboey Xunofslfgi.

• Nrcwg, Drbfger, Mebrocve, cmrfiues (>88>). “Nusfgess Jfgms‖.

Afgbgdfbo ]fjes/Xregtfde Lboo.

• Dbrveoo, Arem K. (2698). “Lujbg êobtfcgs fg Nusfgess‖. ]le

Jbdjfoobg Dcjpbgy.

• Dcvey, Ttepleg ^ (26<6) “]le Teveg Lbnfts ca Lfiloy Eaaed-

tfve Xecpoe‖. Tfjcg & Tdluster.

• Mbat, fdlbrm O. (266<). “cribgfsbtfcg ]lecry bgm Mesfig‖. Tcutl

Yesterg Dcooeie Xunofslfgi.

• Mrudèr, Xeter (2611). “]le Eaaedtfve Exedutfve‖. Lefgejbgg

Xrcaessfcgbo Xunofslfgi.

• Mrudèr, Xeter (2655). “]le Xrbdtfde ca Jbgbiejegt‖. Lefge-

jbgg Xrcaessfcgbo Xunofslfgi.

• Mrudèr, Xeter (261=). “Jbgbifgi Acr êsuots‖. Lefgejbgg

Xrcaessfcgbo Xunofslfgi.

• Mrudèr, Xeter (269=). “Jbgbiejegt; ]bs`s, espcgsfnfoftfes,

Xrbdtfdes‖. Lefgejbgg Xrcaessfcgbo Xunofslfgi.



• Lbrrfs, ]lcjbs B. (2694). “F‖J C@-VCUH^E C@‖. Xbg Ncc`s.

• Lcasteme, Ieert (2662) “Duotures bgm cribgfsbtfcgs‖. Lbrper-

Dcoofgs Xunofslers.

• Lbgmy, Dlbroes (26<6). “]le Bie ca Ugrebscg‖. Nusfgess Ncc`s.

• Lbgmy, Dlbroes (2665). “Neycgm Dertbfgty‖. Lutdlfgscg.

• Lbgmy, Dlbroes (266=). “]le Ejpty ^bfgdcbt‖. Lutdlfgscg.

• Lbgmy, Dlbroes (2668). “Fgsfme cribgfsbtfcgs‖. NND Ncc`s.

• Lbgmy, Dlbroes (2691). “Ugmerstbgmfgi cribgfsbtfcgs‖. Xegiufg

Ncc`s.

• Ludzygs`f bgm Nudlbgbg (>882). “cribgfsbtfcgbo Nelbvfcur‖.

• Afgbgdfbo ]fjes Xregtfde Lboo.

• @bgter, csbnetl Jcss (26<6). “Yleg Ifbgts Oebrg tc Mbgde‖.

Tfjcg & Tdluster.

• @bgter, csbnetl Jcss (26<4). “]le Dlbgie Jbsters‖. Ugwfg

Xbpernbd`s.

• @ctter, Kclg (26<<). “]le Oebmerslfp Abdtcr‖. ]le Aree Xress.

• @erjbooy, Tuotbg (2661). “]ctbo Jbgbiejegt ]lfg`fgi‖. Nutter-

wcrtl-Lefgejbgg.

• @erjbooy, Tuotbg (2669). “Jbgbifgi Xeracrjbgde‖. Nutterwcrtl-

Lefgejbgg.

• @erjbooy, Tuotbg (>88>). “Eaaedtfve @gcwoemie Jbgbiejegt‖.

Kclg Yfoey.

• @ctter, Kclg (26<5). “Xcwer bgm Fguegde‖. ]le Aree Xress.

• Jblesl, Q. T. (2664). “]lreslcoms ca Jctfvbtfcg‖. ]btb JdIrbw-

Lfoo Xunofslfgi

• Jfd`oewbft & Yccomrfmie (2661). “]le Yftdl Mcdtcrs‖.

Lefgejbgg.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/management-people-management-2 167/178GFGE]EEG B ]C [ CA JBGBIFGI XECXOE 254

• Xbsdboe, fdlbrm (2668). “Jbgbifgi cg tle Emie‖. Xegiufg Ncc s.

• Tegie, Xeter, J (2668). “]le Afatl Mfsdfpofge‖. Degtury Ncc`s.

• ]lcjbs, Jbr` (2669). “Jbsterfgi Xecpoe Jbgbiejegt‖.

]lcrciccm.

• ]lcjbs, Gefo (Em). (266<). “]le Kclg Bmbfr Lbgmncc` ca

Jbgbiejegt bgm Oebmerslfp‖. ]lcrciccm.

• Qrccj, Qfdtcr L. (2668). “Jbgbie Xecpoe, Gct Xerscggeo‖.

Lbrvbrm Nusfgess ^evfew Ncc`.



Nobg`



Ctler tftoes arcj ]lcrciccm

MEQEOCXFGI BGM JBGBIFGI ]BOEG]

Lcw tc jbtdl tboegt tc tle rcoe bgm dcgvertft tc b stregitl

Tuotbg @erjbooy

£2>.66 pbpernbd`, £>=.66 lbrmnbd`

Xunofslem Jby >88=

Eaaedtfve tboegt jbgbiejegt fs drudfbo tc nusfgess

meveocpjegt bgm prcfltbnfofty. ]boegt jbgbiejegt

fs gc scat cptfcg0 cg tle dcgtrbry, ft fs drftfdbo tc ocgi-

terj survfvbo.

]lfs ncc` caaers strbteifes bgm prbdtfdbo iufmbgde acr flgmfgi, meveo-

cpfgi bgm bncve boo eepfgi tboegtem fgmfvfmubos. Bater expobfgfgi wlbt

meveocpfgi tboegt bdtubooy jebgs tc tle cribgfzbtfcg, le expocres tle

e-mfjegsfcg bgm tle iocnbo mfjegsfcg. Le sujjbrfzes wlbt tle “iurus‖

lbve tc sby cg tle meveocpjegt ca oebmerslfp tboegt. Fgdoumem bre vbou-

bnoe dbse stumfes mrbwg arcj Lfotcg, Qco`swbieg, Ugfoever, Jfdrcscat

bgm ctlers.

IUÛT CG JB^@E]FGI

Tuotbg @erjbooy

£2=.66 pbpernbd`, £>=.66 lbrmnbd`

Xunofslem Gcvejner >884

@erjbooy lbs wcrèm mfredtoy wftl jbgy ca tle

fliures fg tlfs ncc`, fgdoumfgi Xeter Mrudèr, Xlfofp

@ctoer bgm Jfdlbeo Xcrter. Ft lbs egbnoem lfj tc

sujjbrfse, dcgtrbst bgm dcjjegt cg tle èy

dcgdepts wftl `gcwoemie, meptl bgm fgsfilt, bgm

tc caaer ycu aresl fmebs tc fjprcve ycur cwg nusfgess. Le mesdrfnes

tle ey fmebs ca ebdl “iuru‖, pobdes tlej fg dcgtext bgm expobfgs tlefrsfigffldbgde. Le slcws ycu lcw tley were bppofem fg prbdtfde, occ`s

bt tlefr prcs bgm dcgs bgm fgdoumes tle vfews ca ctler expert wrfters.



]LE KCLG BMBF^ LBGMNCC@ CA

JBGBIEJEG] BGM OEBME^TLFX

Kclg Bmbfr • Emftem ny Gefo ]lcjbs

£2>.66 pbpernbd`, £>=.66 lbrmnbd`

Xunofslem Bprfo >88=

‟B ncc` acr dcgstbgt reaeregde … B irebt

bdlfevejegt …cuilt tc ne acugm cg every

jbgbier‖s ncc`sleoa.‚

KCU^GBO CA ]LE FGT]F]U]E CA XUNOFD TED]C^ JBGBIEJEG]

‟… wftlcut mcunt cge ca tle acrejcst tlfg`ers cg tle

sunkedt fg tle wcrom.‚ TF^ KCLG LB^QEV-KCGET

B jbster-dobss fg jbgbifgi ycurseoa bgm ctlers, ft dcjnfges fg cge

vcouje boo ca Bmbfr‖s tlcuilt bgm wrftfgi cg oebmerslfp, tebjnufom-

fgi, drebtfvfty bgm fggcvbtfcg, prcnoej scovfgi, jctfvbtfcg bgm

dcjjugfdbtfcg.

TUDDETTAUO NUTFGETT XOBGGFGI

Gcrtcg Xboey

£2=.66 pbpernbd`, £>6.66 lbrmnbd`

Xunofslem Kuge >88=

‟Ircwtl flrjs wftl b wrftteg nusfgess pobg

lbve fgdrebsem tlefr revegues 16 per degt abster

cver tle pbst flve yebrs tlbg tlcse wftlcut b

wrftteg pobg.‚

A^CJ B TU^QEV NV X^FDEYB]E^LCUTEDCCXE^T

Ye gcw tle vboue ca pobggfgi — fg tlecry. Nut eftler we abfo tc spegm

tle tfje requfrem tc ic tlrcuil tle tlfg`fgi prcdess prcperoy, cr we

abfo tc use tle pobg eaaedtfveoy. Xboey uses exbjpoes arcj rebo dcjpb-

gfes tc turg tlecry fgtc prbdtfde.



]LE TLC^]E^ JNB

B prbdtfdbo bpprcbdl tc tle èy nusfgess s`foos

Nbrrfe Xebrscg bgm Gefo ]lcjbs

£45.88 Lbrmnbd`

Xunofslem Kuoy >88=

B suddfgdt mfstfoobtfcg ca tle s`foos tlbt ycu geem

tc ne suddessauo fg nusfgess. Jcst pecpoe dbg‖t

baacrm tc ifve up twc yebrs tc stumy acr bg JNB.

]lfs pftly, prbdtfdbo ncc` presegts boo tle esseg-

tfbo tlecry, prbdtfde bgm tedlgfques tbuilt tc JNB stumegts — fmebo

acr tle nusy prbdtfsfgi exedutfve. Ft fs mfvfmem fgtc tlree pbrts;

2. Xerscgbo meveocpjegt

>. Jbgbiejegt s foos

4. Nusfgess meveocpjegt

IUÛT CG NUTFGETT T]^B]EIV

]cgy Irugmy £2=.66 pbpernbd`, £>=.66 lbrmnbd`

Xunofslem Jby >884

]lfs ncc` fs b cge-stcp iufme tc tle wcrom‖s jcst

fjpcrtbgt wrfters cg nusfgess strbteiy. Ft expertoy

sujjbrfses boo tle èy strbteifd dcgdepts bgm

mesdrfnes tle wcr` bgm dcgtrfnutfcg ca ebdl ca tle

oebmfgi tlfgèrs fg tle fleom.

Ft ices aurtler; ft bgboyses tle prc‖s bgm dcg‖s ca jbgy ca tle ey tlec-

rfes fg prbdtfde bgm caaers twc egofiltegfgi dbse-stumfes. ]le tlfrm

sedtfcg ca tle ncc` prcvfmes b serfes ca metbfoem dledòfsts tc bfm ycu

fg tle meveocpjegt ca ycur cwg strbteifes acr mfaaeregt bspedts ca

tle nusfgess.

Jcre tlbg kust b sujjbry ca tle ey dcgdepts, tlfs ncc` caaers vbou-bnoe fgsfilts fgtc tlefr bppofdbtfcg fg prbdtfde.



FGTXF^FGI OEBME^TLFX

Oebrgfgi arcj irebt oebmers

Kclg Bmbfr

£25.66 pbpernbd`, £>=.66 lbrmnbd`

Xunofslem Kbgubry >884

“F mfsdcverem cgde bibfg lcw rbre ft fs tc dcje

upcg b ncc` bncut oebmers wftl meptl, dcgdeptubo

nfte bgm lfstcrfdbo dcgtext. Ft wbs b reofea bgm kcy‖.

YB^ÊG NEGGFT, UT JBKC^ OEBME^TLFX IUÛ

“F neofeve ft fs b “just rebm‖ ncc`... Le fs wftlcut mcunt cge

ca tle acrejcst tlfgèrs cg tle sunkedt fg tle wcrom.‖ TF^ KCLG LB^QEV-KCGET, XÊQFCUTOV DEC CA FDF

Irebt oebmers arcj Obc ]zu, Jbdlfbveoof bgm Ybslfgitcg tc ]lbtdler, Jbg-

meob bgm ebibg bre gct cgoy irebt oebmers fg lfstcry, tley bosc lbve judl

tc tebdl us tcmby bncut tle gbture bgm prbdtfde ca oebmerslfp. Bmbfr ugdcv-

ers tlefr mfaaeregt abdets ca oebmerslfp fg tlfs lebvfoy fooustrbtem ncc`.

]lcrciccm bosc lbs bg extegsfve rbgie ca repcrts bgm spedfbo nrfeflgis

wlfdl bre wrftteg spedffldbooy acr prcaessfcgbos wbgtfgi expert fgacrjbtfcg.

Acr b auoo ofstfgi ca boo ]lcrciccm punofdbtfcgs, cr tc crmer bgy tftoe, poebse

dboo ]lcrciccm Dustcjer Tervfdes cg 8>8 99=6 =9=< cr abx cg 8>8 99>6

1228. Botergbtfveoy vfew cur wensfte bt www.tlcrciccm.ws.



Acdusem cg meveocpfgi ycur pctegtfboAbodcgnury, tle sfster dcjpbgy tc ]lcrciccm punofslfgi, nrfgis tcietler

tle oebmfgi experts arcj boo brebs ca jbgbiejegt bgm strbteifd meveocpjegt

tc prcvfme ycu wftl b dcjprelegsfve pcrtacofc ca bdtfcg-degtrem trbfgfgi

bgm oebrgfgi.

Ye ugmerstbgm everytlfgi jbgbiers bgm oebmers geem tc ne, gcw bgm

mc tc suddeem fg tcmby‖s dcjjerdfbo egvfrcgjegt. Ebdl prcmudt bmmresses

b mfaaeregt tedlgfdbo cr perscgbo meveocpjegt geem tlbt wfoo egdcurbie

ircwtl bgm fgdrebse ycur pctegtfbo acr suddess.

• Xrbdtfdbo punofd trbfgfgi prcirbjjes

• ]bfocrem fg-dcjpbgy trbfgfgi

• Dcbdlfgi

• Jegtcrfgi

• ]cpfdbo nusfgess sejfgbrs

• ]rbfger nurebu/nbg`

• Bmbfr Oebmerslfp Acugmbtfcg

]le jcst vboubnoe rescurde fg bgy cribgfsbtfcg fs fts pecpoe0 ft fs

essegtfbo tlbt ycu fgvest fg tle meveocpjegt ca ycur jbgbiejegt bgm

oebmerslfp s`foos tc egsure ycur tebj auoflo tlefr pctegtfbo. Fgvestjegt fgtc

nctl perscgbo bgm prcaessfcgbo meveocpjegt lbs neeg prcveg tc prcvfme

bg cutstbgmfgi CF tlrcuil fgdrebsem prcmudtfvfty fg nctl ycu bgm ycur

tebj. Uotfjbteoy oebmfgi tc b mrbjbtfd fjpbdt cg tle ncttcj ofge.

Yftl tlfs fg jfgm Abodcgnury lbve meveocpem b dcjprelegsfve pcrtacofc

ca trbfgfgi prcirbjjes tc egbnoe jbgbiers ca boo oeveos tc meveocp tlefr

s`foos fg oebmerslfp, dcjjugfdbtfcgs, flgbgde, pecpoe jbgbiejegt, dlbgie

jbgbiejegt bgm boo brebs vftbo tc bdlfevfgi suddess fg tcmby‖s dcjjer-

dfbo egvfrcgjegt.



Ylbt Abodcgnury dbg caaer ycu3

• Xrbdtfdbo bppofem jetlcmcociy wftl b prcveg resuots

• Extegsfve nbg` ca experfegdem trbfgers

• Ofjftem bttegmees tc egsure cge-tc-cge iufmbgde

• Up tc tle jfgute tlfg fgi cg jbgbiejegt bgm oebmerslfp tedlgfques

• Fgterbdtfve trbfgfgi

• Nbobgdem jfx ca tlecretfdbo bgm prbdtfdbo oebrgfgi

• Oebrger-degtrem trbfgfgi

• Exdeooegt dcst/qubofty rbtfc

Abodcgnury Fg-Dcjpbgy ]rbfgfgi

Abodcgnury bre bwbre tlbt b punofd prcirbjje jby gct ne tle scoutfcg tc

oebmerslfp bgm jbgbiejegt fssues brfsfgi fg ycur flrj. Fgvcovfgi cgoy btteg-

mees arcj ycur cribgfsbtfcg bgm tbfocrfgi tle prcirbjje tc acdus cg tle

durregt dlbooegies ycu abde fgmfvfmubooy bgm bs b nusfgess jby ne jcre bpprc-

prfbte. Yftl tlfs fg jfgm we lbve nrcuilt tcietler cur jcst jctfvbtem bgm

acrwbrm tlfg`fgi trbfgers tc meofver tbfocrem fg-dcjpbgy prcirbjjes meveo-

cpem spedffldbooy brcugm tle geems wftlfg ycur cribgfsbtfcg.

Boo cur trbfgers lbve b prbdtfdbo dcjjerdfbo nbd`ircugm bgm lfiloy reflgem

pecpoe s`foos. Murfgi tle dcurse ca tle prcirbjje tley bdt bs abdfoftbtcr,

trbfger bgm jegtcr, bmbptfgi tlefr styoe tc egsure tlbt ebdl fgmfvfmubo

negeflts equbooy arcj tlefr `gcwoemie tc meveocp gew s`foos.

Abodcgnury wcr`s wftl ebdl cribgfsbtfcg tc meveocp b prcirbjje ca

trbfgfgi tlbt flts ycur geems.

Jegtcrfgi bgm dcbdlfgi

Meveocpfgi bgm bdlfevfgi ycur perscgbo cnkedtfves fg tle wcr`pobde fs

nedcjfgi fgdrebsfgioy mfaflduot fg tcmby‖s dcgstbgtoy dlbgifgi egvfrcgjegt.

Bmmftfcgbooy, bs b jbgbier cr oebmer, ycu bre respcgsfnoe acr iufmfgi

dcooebiues tcwbrms tle rebofsbtfcg ca tlefr icbos. Tcjetfjes ft fs ebsy tc

ocse acdus cg ycur slcrt bgm ocgi-terj bfjs.



Abodcgnury‖s cge-tc-cge dcbdlfgi mrbws cut fgmfvfmubo pctegtfbo ny rbfsfgi

seoa-bwbregess bgm ugmerstbgmfgi, abdfoftbtfgi tle oebrgfgi bgm peracrj-

bgde meveocpjegt tlbt drebtes exdeooegt jbgbiers bgm oebmers. Ft nufoms

regewem seoa-dcgflmegde bgm b strcgi segse ca “dbg-mc‖ dcjpetegde,

dcgtrfnutfgi sfigffldbgt negeflt tc tle cribgfsbtfcg. Egbnofgi ycu tc acdus ycur egeriy cg meveocpfgi ycur pctegtfbo bgm tlbt ca ycur dcooebiues.

Jegtcrfgi fgvcoves acrjuobtfgi wfggfgi strbteifes, settfgi icbos,

jcgftcrfgi bdlfevejegts bgm jctfvbtfgi tle wlcoe tebj wlfost bdlfevfgi

b judl fjprcvem wcr` ofae nbobgde.

Abodcgnury — Nusfgess Oeibo Tejfgbrs

Abodcgnury Nusfgess Oeibo Tejfgbrs spedfbofses fg tle prcvfsfcg ca

lfil qubofty trbfgfgi acr oeibo prcaessfcgbos arcj nctl fg-lcuse bgmprfvbte prbdtfde fgtergbtfcgbooy.

]le acdus ca tlese evegts fs tc prcvfme dcjprelegsfve bgm prbdtfdbo

trbfgfgi cg durregt fgtergbtfcgbo oeibo tlfg`fgi bgm prbdtfde fg b doebr

bgm fgacrjbtfve acrjbt.

Evegt sunkedts fgdoume, mrbatfgi dcjjerdfbo bireejegts, ejpocyjegt

obw, dcjpetftfcg obw, fgteooedtubo prcperty, jbgbifgi bg fg-lcuse oeibo

mepbrtjegt bgm fgtergbtfcgbo bdqufsftfcgs.

Acr jcre fgacrjbtfcg cg boo cur servfdes poebse dcgtbdt Abodcgnury

cg +== (8) >8 99>6 1199 cr vfsft tle wensfte bt; www.abodcgnury.dc.u .



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