malpeli revision
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Malpeli Revision. 100 - 199. 100. An example of a medico-legal issue being raised by athletes taking legal performance enhancers such as creatine monohydrate is: A: Athletes suffering an allergic reaction to the substance B: Athletes being admitted to hospital - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Malpeli Revision
100 - 199
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100. An example of a medico-legal issue being raised by athletes taking legal performance enhancers such as creatine monohydrate is:
A: Athletes suffering an allergic reaction to the substance
B: Athletes being admitted to hospital
C: Athletes suing the administrative body for a “botched up” Series A sample
D: None of the above
ANSWER:A: Athletes suffering an allergic reaction to the substance
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101. Adolescents are considered to have participated in adequate physical activity if the complete the following:
A Activities that use 3.5 ml/kg/min on at least 5 days of the week
B Activities that use 3.5 ml/kg/min for at least 30 minutes on at least 5 days of the week
C 3.5 hours of moderate-intensity activity over at least 5 sessions in a normal week
D None of the above
ANSWER:C 3.5 hours of moderate-intensity activity over at least 5 sessions in a normal week
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102. The recommended activity levels for children and youth are:
A 60 minutes, every day of moderate to vigorous intensity across a wide range of activities
B 60 minutes, every second day of moderate intensity across a wide range of activities
C 90 minutes, every day of moderate to vigorous intensity across a wide range of activities
D 90 minutes, every second day of moderate intensity across a wide range of activities
ANSWER:A 60 minutes ,every day of moderate to vigorous intensity across a wide range of activities
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103. For older people, to achieve improved muscle strength and mobility, it is recommended that they participate in:
A weight training 3 times per week
B Non-weight baring activities such as swimming, cycling, water aerobics at least 5 times per week
C Everyday lifestyle activities such as gardening
D All of the above
ANSWER:C Everyday lifestyle activities such as gardening
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104. Accelerometers are:
A Objective
B Expensive to use with large populations
C Non-invasive
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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105. Interventions designed to engage “at risk” children and youth require:
A Community support
B Comprehensive tailoring of programs
C An understanding of the target group
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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106. Reminder systems (on phones, computers, post-its on walls, etc.) are essential strategies:
A Only when at the maintenance stage
B For anyone contemplating physical activity
C Any stage up to the action stage
D All of the above
ANSWER:C Any stage up to the action stage
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107. The following is an example of an environmental intervention aimed at increasing physical activity levels:
A Constructing bike trails and walking tracks
B Providing playground facilities
C Installing showers and change facilities at workplaces
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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108. “Travelsmart” aims to increase physical activity across the settings of school, community and workplace by:
A Encouraging walking in preference to motor vehicles
B Encouraging the riding of bicycles in preference to motor vehicles
C Encouraging the use of public transport
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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109.
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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110. Hypoglycaemia:
A Leads to fatigue as a result of excessive muscle “shivering”
B Is quickly reversed by taking in soluble sucrose
C Occurs when athletes call upon proteins as a fuel source
D Occurs when fat solubility is reduced as exercise intensity increases
ANSWER:B Is quickly reversed by taking in soluble sucrose
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111. Aerobic glycolysis:
A Produces energy faster than anaerobic glycolysis
B Can occur in the absence of oxygen
C Takes over from anaerobic glycolysis when athletes hit the wall in events such as the marathon
D Breaks down pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and more energy via the Kreb’s Cycle
ANSWER:D Breaks down pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and more energy via the Kreb’s Cycle
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112. The predominant energy system used in the 400m sprint (athletics) is the:
A LA system
B PC system
C Alactacid system
D Aerobic system
ANSWER:A LA system
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113. Swimmers use more energy than runners to complete the same distances because:
A They use more muscles
B More energy is required to remain afloat (buoyant) than it is to maintain an upright posture
C Water provides greater resistance than air to forward movement
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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114. The oxygen deficit occurs when:
A Performers have had time to reach a “steady state”
B ATP is broken down anaerobically
C The amount of oxygen demanded is less than that able to be supplied by the cardiovascular & respiratory systems
D Performers train at high altitude and the air is “thin”
ANSWER:B ATP is broken down anaerobically
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115. Dehydration may lead to fatigue by:
A Resulting in an elevated body temperature
B Increasing blood pressure and heart rates
C Slowing down the transmission of nervous impulses through motor neurons
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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116. An active recovery is how many times faster than a passive recovery at removing LA and restoring muscle pH?
A Twice
B Three times
C Five times
D Ten Times
ANSWER:A Twice
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117. Agility is “made up” of the following components:
A Speed and Strength
B Power and Strength
C Speed & Flexibility
D Balance & Power
ANSWER:C Speed & Flexibility
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118. Aerobic capacity is:
A The same as cardio-respiratory endurance
B The same as VO2 max
C The same as cardio vascular endurance
D None of the above
ANSWER:B The same as VO2 max
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119. In terms of data analysis, observation is not as good as using GPS data because:
A It is objective
B It is subjective
C It is operative
D All of the above
ANSWER:B It is subjective
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120. When collecting data, the best parameter to reflect energy system usage would be:
A Skill Frequencies
B Heart Rate Patterns
C W:R Information
D Locomotor Patterns
ANSWER:B Heart Rate Patterns
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121. Fitness “norms” are:
A People called Norm who have high levels of fitness compared to the rest of the population
B A good indicator of areas that need to be improved
C Results considered to be typical for a particular population group
D None of the above
ANSWER:C Results considered to be typical for a particular population group
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122. The most relevant test to assess the speed of a netball centre player would be:
A Standing 55m sprint
B Standing 15m sprint
C Standing 40m sprint
D Running 40m sprint
ANSWER:B Standing 15m sprint
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123. A 17 year old PE student (male) who gets a score of 14 cm in the sit and reach test would rate as:
A Fair
B Average
C Good
D Excellent
ANSWER:D Excellent
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124. The principle of specificity aims to be specific to the following aspects observed in the game:
A Energy systems
B Fitness components
C Muscles groups and actions used
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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125. The following example best highlights the training principle of “specificity”:
A A road cyclist experiencing gains as a result of aerobic training completed on a stationary bicycle
B A sprint cyclist experiencing gains as a result of aerobic training completed on a stationary bicycle
C A shot putter experiencing gains as a result of anaerobic training completed using plyometric bounding
D A 1,500 m runner experiencing gains as a result of aerobic training completed on a stationary bicycle
ANSWER:A A road cyclist experiencing gains as a result of aerobic training completed on a stationary bicycle
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126. The best example of short interval training listed below is:
A 2 x 2 x 1,000 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:1
B 2 x 4 x 1,000 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:2
C 2 x 2 x 1,000 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:3
D None of the above
ANSWER:D None of the above
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127. Overload in a Fartlek session can be achieved by:
A Decreasing the intake of low GI foods immediately following the training session
B Wearing a backpack weighing 4 kilograms
C Running the same distance in a faster time (under 10 minutes)
D None of the above
ANSWER:B Wearing a backpack weighing 4 kilograms
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128. Sensible / feasible overload likely to bring about improvements should be in the range of:
A 0-2%
B 2- 4%
C 8-10%
D >20%
ANSWER:C 8-10%
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129. Individual load circuit training is:
A Better than individual time circuit training
B Simpler to use than fixed load circuit training
C Highly specific to a person’s fitness level
D All of the above
ANSWER:C Highly specific to a person’s fitness level
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130. In the following resistance training ~ 4 x 3RM x 80kg, which component would primarily be developed:
A Muscular Endurance
B Strength
C Speed
D Power
ANSWER:D Power
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131. Pilates primarily aims to improve:
A Flexibility
B Core stability
C LME
D None of the above
ANSWER:B Core stability
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132. A catabolic training effect results in:
A A destructive effect on body tissues
B A rebuilding effect on body tissues
C Disqualification due to use of illegal practices
D Weight being gained via increased water absorption
ANSWER:A A destructive effect on body tissues
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133. The “SAID” principle refers to:
A Specially Adapted Internal Drivers
B Specific Adaptive Imposition Demands
C Specific Adaptation Imposed Demands
D Coaches saying “I told you so”
ANSWER:C Specific Adaptation Imposed Demands
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134. Plyometrics will result in the following change:
A Little change to lactate threshold
B Increased glycolytic enzymes
C Increased PC stores
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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135. Lactic acid tolerance results after 6+ months of anaerobic training due to:
A Increases in the ventricle thickness
B Increasing the muscle’s alkaline production / reserves
C Increasing OBLA
D None of the above
ANSWER:B Increasing the muscle’s alkaline production / reserves
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136. The following is most likely to result from participation in continuous training program:
A Increased atrium size
B Increased plasma volume
C Increased maximal heart rate
D All of the above
ANSWER:B Increased plasma volume
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137. The arterio-venous oxygen difference is:
A Greater at sub-maximal levels when compared to resting levels
B A comparison of arterial oxygen levels compared to venous oxygen levels
C A direct measure of how much oxygen muscles are using
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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138. Plyometric training will result in the following adaptations to fast twitch muscle fibres:
A Increased “whiteness”
B Increased antioxidative enzyme stores
C Increased PC stores
D Increased triglyceride stores
ANSWER:C Increased PC stores
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139. Aerobic training will lead to the following changes to a person’s lactate threshold:
A Increase
B Decrease
C Inverse
D None of the above
ANSWER:A Increase
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140. Psychological symptom(s) of overtraining includes:
A Disturbed sleep
B Mood swings
C Decreased “drive”
D All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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141. Risk management includes:
A Appointing a manager who is prepared to take risks
B Conducting regular evacuation drills
C Allowing players to take “calculated risks”
D Reducing the likelihood of “things going wrong”
ANSWER:D Reducing the likelihood of “things going wrong”
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142. Coaches might contribute to risks associated with the team they are training by:
A Adopting an authoritarian approach
B Attending regular re-accreditation meetings
C Using unqualified support staff that might be friends even this saves money
D All of the above
ANSWER:C Using unqualified support staff that might be friends even this saves money
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143. The following is a practical example of risk management to reduce injuries:
A Not allowing spectators to sit within a 2 m proximity of the playing area
B Padding placed on goal posts
C Restricting the amount of players allowed in certain parts of a playing area or field
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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144. Risk management procedures extend beyond team management to facilities and equipment. The following must be taken into consideration in this area:
A Evacuation/emergency procedures
B Access for all including disabled people
C Signage
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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145. Mental imagery can be:
A Auditory
B Tactile
C Kinaesthetic
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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146. Ethical considerations related to performance enhancement are:
A A set of moral values
B Put in place to ensure fair participation exists for all
C Policies that must be strictly adhered to by all athletes
D All of the above
ANSWER:A A set of moral values
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147. Caffeine enhances performance by:
A Depressing cardiac output and “saving energy”
B Acting as a diuretic
C Promoting glycogen sparing via increased release of free fatty acids
D All of the above
ANSWER:C Promoting glycogen sparing via increased release of free fatty acids
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148. Ethical performers try to:
A Strive to achieve personal health as well as personal best performances
B Seek equality
C Avoid doping
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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149. Colostrum provides performance enhancing properties by:
A Increasing the amount of anaerobic power that can be generated
B Improving the body’s immune system and protein synthesis mechanisms
C Improving the rate of glycolysis
D Providing a quicker mechanism for catabolic reactions to occur
ANSWER:B Improving the body’s immune system and protein synthesis mechanisms
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150. The following foods are all suitable to be taken as part of a carbohydrate loading meal:
A Cordial; low fat muffins; fried fish
B Cakes; nuts; lentils
C Eggs, bacon; tomatoes
D Cereal; Low fat yoghurt; pasta
ANSWER:D Cereal; Low fat yoghurt; pasta
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151. The recommended activity levels for adults (CDHAC) are:
A: Combining short sessions of different activities for a total of 60 minutes every day of the week
B: Combining short sessions of different activities for a total of 30 minutes five days per week (minimum)
C: Participating in vigorous activity that makes you “huff & puff” for 30 minutes three to four days per week
D: Participating in vigorous activity that makes you “huff & puff” for 60 minutes five days per week (minimum)
ANSWER:D All of the above
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152. When monitoring physical activity levels among populations, pedometers are:
A Very accurate and very practical
B Very practical but not highly accurate
C Very accurate but not very practical
D Moderately practical and highly accurate
ANSWER:B Very practical but not highly accurate
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153. When considering the dimensions of physical activity context refers to:
A The setting
B Who the person under consideration is with at the time
C Where the physical activity is taking place
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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154. The “Active Kids, Healthy Kids” strategy has six components which aim to:
A Increase the number of children and youth accumulating at least 30 minutes of daily moderate-vigorous physical activity
B Increase the number of children and youth accumulating at least 60 minutes of daily moderate-vigorous physical activity
C Increase the number of children and youth accumulating at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity
D Decrease the number of children and youth accumulating at least 120 minutes of daily electronic media for entertainment
ANSWER:B Increase the number of children and youth accumulating at least 60 minutes of daily moderate-vigorous physical activity
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155. The following is an example of an intervention aimed at promoting physical activity:
A Building bike tracks away from roads
B Employer subsidised health club memberships
C Having ads at cinemas that promote involvement in physical activity
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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156. A person who is in the “Action” stage will be likely to:
A Participate in moderate intensity activity most (five) days and follow an activity/exercise plan
B Participate in physical activity 3 times per week
C Meet the physical activity guidelines for at least 5 years
D Only need to be involved in physical activity twice per week to maintain their fitness levels
ANSWER:A Participate in moderate intensity activity most (five) days and follow an activity/exercise plan
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157. The “Go for your Life” program aims to:
A Improve eating habits
B Increase levels of physical activity
C Promote involvement in community based programs
D All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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158. Many people are using pedometers to monitor their physical activity. Recommended totals are:
A 10,000 steps per week
B 100,000 steps per week
C 10,000 steps daily
D 1,000 steps before breakfast followed by 2,000 steps before lunch and then 3,000 steps before diner
ANSWER:C 10,000 steps daily
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159. If students do not participate in physical activity at school
A They are more likely to participate in physical activity outside school
B The are less likely to join sporting clubs outside school
C They are more likely to join sporting clubs outside school
D They are less likely to participate in physical activity outside school
ANSWER:D They are less likely to participate in physical activity outside school
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160. Increased protein intake:
A Leads to increased water loss via urination
B Displaces carbohydrates from the diet
C Is often associated with increased fat intake via animal based foods
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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161. The aerobic energy system:
A Peaks at approx 70 seconds when athletes work maximally from the outset of exercise
B Preferentially uses fats as a fuel source
C Is the predominant energy supplier in a 400 m sprint in athletics
D Can only operate if exercise intensity remains between 70- 85% maximum heart rate
ANSWER: A Peaks at approx 70 seconds when athletes work maximally from the outset of exercise
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162. When considering the energy systems:
A The aerobic system is the slowest to contribute to ATP resynthesis, but 40-50 times more powerful than the two combined anaerobic systems
B PC is adversely affected by the low pH caused when the LA system takes over energy production
C The LA system produces 5 times as much energy as the PC system
D None of the above
ANSWER:A The aerobic system is the slowest to contribute to ATP resynthesis, but 40-50 times more powerful than the two combined anaerobic systems
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163. The aerobic system preferentially uses CHO’s because they:
A Occur in a higher abundance in our bodies
B Require less oxygen than fats to release energy
C Break down quicker than the CHO’s used by the PC system
D All of the above
ANSWER:B Require less oxygen than fats to release energy
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164. The oxygen debt:
A Is always equal to the oxygen deficit in terms of oxygen quantities
B Should be wiped out by G8 countries
C Occurs at the commencement of exercise when insufficient oxygen to provide energy aerobically is available
D Sees PC being restored and LA being broken down
ANSWER:D Sees PC being restored and LA being broken down
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165. Inorganic phosphates that result when PC is broken down to supply energy cause fatigue by:
A Reducing maximum cross-bridge forming forces
B Blocking the sarcoplamic reticulum mechanism and preventing muscular contractions
C Interfering with the Ca+ producing mechanism found in the mitochondria
D None of the above
ANSWER:A Reducing maximum cross-bridge forming forces
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166. A disruption to glycolytic enzymes will lead to fatigue by:
A Increasing the reliance on fats as a fuel source
B Increasing the amount of LA that is produced due to anaerobic glycolysis
C Limiting the breakdown on glycogen to glucose and then resynthesis of ATP
D All of the above
ANSWER:C Limiting the breakdown on glycogen to glucose and then resynthesis of ATP
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167. Flexibility is:
A An overall body phenomenon
B Joint specific
C Increased when muscles shorten
D Affected by bone density
ANSWER:B Joint specific
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168. A tennis player standing between the service line and net waiting to volley would need the following fitness component in trying try move quickly to get to a ball that clips, and just falls over the net:
A Agility
B Speed
C Flexibility
D Psychological Refractory Speed (PRS)
ANSWER:A Agility
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169. The following data would give the best indication of energy system interplay during an analysed game of netball:
A Skill frequency
B Movement Patterns
C Heart Rate / Trace
D W:R ratio
ANSWER:C Heart Rate / Trace
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170. Identify the energy system primarily responsible for delivery ATP during the 3rd High intensity effort
A The Aerobic system
B The lactacid system
C The alactacid system
D None of the above
ANSWER:B The lactacid system
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171. When compared to maximal testing, sub-maximal testing is :
A More accurate
B Less accurate
C More expensive
D More time consuming
ANSWER:B Less accurate
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172. The RAST (running based anaerobic sprint test) is a good indicator of:
A Speed
B Power
C PC restoration / Fatiguability
D All of the above
ANSWER:C PC restoration / Fatiguability
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173. A 17 year old VCE P.E. student (male) who scores an 8% decrement in the PC recovery test would be rated as:
A Poor
B Below Average
C Average
D Very Good
ANSWER:D Very Good
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174. The 20 m shuttle run (beep test) favours:
A People who aren’t deaf
B Athletes who run rather than cycle as their main activity
C People who have a high PC depletion tolerance
D People who are agile and able to turn around at the end of 20m quicker than everyone else
ANSWER:B Athletes who run rather than cycle as their main activity
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175. Overload can be achieved by increasing the quality of training ~ this refers to increasing:
A The quality of the venue training occurs in
B Increasing the training intensity but still being specific to the game demands
C Training with an accredited coach
D None of the above
ANSWER:B Increasing the training intensity but still being specific to the game demands
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176. The “law of diminishing returns” states that:
A The more training an athlete does the quicker improvements will occur
B Once a meso-cycle has been completed, an athlete needs to diminish training loads
C As fitness gains are made, athletes need to train at diminished intensities
D As an athlete improves as a result of training the gains will become smaller and smaller
ANSWER:D As an athlete improves as a result of training the gains will become smaller and smaller
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177. The best example of a correct short interval training listed below is:
A 8 x 3 x 80 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:5
B 10 x 4 x 100 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:1
C 3 x 8 x 100 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:3
D None of the above
ANSWER:A 8 x 3 x 80 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:5
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178. “Overload in a Fartlek session can be achieved by:
A Increasing the frequency of the intense bursts
B Increasing the distance covered
C Running the same distance but with more hills included (in the same time)
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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179. Fixed load circuit training is:
A Better than individual time circuit training
B Simpler to use than individual load circuit training
C Highly specific to a person’s fitness level
D None of the above
ANSWER:B Simpler to use than individual load circuit training
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180. Ballistic stretching is often used by gymnasts because:
A Movements are highly specific to the demands of competition
B They are highly trained
C They perform on shock absorbing floors
D All of the above
ANSWER:A Movements are highly specific to the demands of competition
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181. In the following exercise / resistance prescription training ~ 4 x 3RM x 80kg, the 3RM represents the:
A Repetitions
B Sets
C Resistance Module
D Weight that can only be worked with 3 times during a particular exercise / movement
ANSWER:D Weight that can only be worked with 3 times during a particular exercise / movement
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182. Swiss ball training primarily develops:
A Flexibility
B Core stability
C LME
D None of the above
ANSWER:B Core stability
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183. A warm-up:
A Increases muscle temperature
B Prepares players for the activity they are about to participate in (physically & mentally)
C Increases flow of blood and fuels to working muscles
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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184. To achieve maximum fitness gains, increased work / loading needs to occur at:
A The highest point in the undercompensation phase
B The lowest point in the overcompensation phase
C The highest point in the overcompensation phase
D The lowest point in the undercompensation phase
ANSWER:C The highest point in the overcompensation phase
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185. When no training adaptations result the athlete will:
A Need to carefully consider using illegal performance enhancing practices
B Experience a plateau
C Need to taper and reduce training loads
D Most likely look for another coach or trainer
ANSWER:B Experience a plateau
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186. Aerobic training results in:
A Increased capillarisation
B Increased oxidative enzymes
C Increased numbers of mitochondria
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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187. The following is most likely to result from participation in an aerobic training program lasting 12+ months:
A Increased ventricle size
B Decreased plasma volume
C Decreased maximal heart rate
D Decreased a-VO2 difference
ANSWER:A Increased ventricle size
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188. The arterio-venous oxygen difference is:
A Greater at sub-maximal levels when compared to maximal levels
B An indirect measure of how much oxygen muscles are using
C A direct measure of how much oxygen muscles are using
D None of the above
ANSWER:C A direct measure of how much oxygen muscles are using
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189. Aerobic training has the following effect on tidal volume:
A Increases
B Decreases
C Remains relatively unchanged
D None of the above
ANSWER:A Increases
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190. Long interval training will result in the following chronic changes to slow twitch muscle fibres:
A Increased “redness”
B Increased oxidative enzymes
C Increased contraction speed
D Increased myosin ATPase
ANSWER:B Increased oxidative enzymes
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191. Overtraining can be treated by :
A Learning self-regulation skills
B Regenerative strategies such as massage and breathing techniques
C Allowing adequate recovery/rest time
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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192. Risk management includes:
A: Risk Identification
B: Risk Reduction
C: Risk Avoidance
D: All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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193. Risk management includes:
A Appointing a manager who is prepared to take risks
B Increasing the risk so the rewards are potentially greater
C Identifying hazards and controlling associated risk
D Establishing contextual problem solving approach
ANSWER:C Identifying hazards and controlling associated risk
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194. Coaches might avoid risks associated with the team they are training by:
A Ensuring all players are involved in warm-up and warm-down sessions
B Attending regular re-accreditation meetings
C Using qualified support staff
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above
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195. The following is an example of risk management to reduce injuries:
A Adopting a “no pain no gain” understanding amongst all players to build unity
B Having mixed ability levels playing together in an open competition to encourage improvement
C Codes of behaviour and conduct for players, coaches and officials
D Encouraging immediate return to playing to avoid losing conditioning following an injury
ANSWER:C Codes of behaviour and conduct for players, coaches and officials
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196. Stress inoculation training enhances performance by:
A Promoting arousal
B Reducing arousal
C Enhancing arousal
D None of the above
ANSWER:B Reducing arousal
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197. Creatine supplementation enhances performance by:
A Increasing PC resynthesis during recovery
B Buffering H+ ions under anaerobic exercise conditions
C Promoting DVT ( Dilated Venous Transferral)
D All of the above
ANSWER:A Increasing PC resynthesis during recovery
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198. Isotonic drinks are favoured by many athletes because they:
A Provide the body with better muscle tone
B Are absorbed quicker than water
C Provide a balance between rehydration and refuelling
D All of the above
ANSWER:C Provide a balance between rehydration and refuelling
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199. “Choking” leads to performance deterioration due to:
A Decreased ability to shift attention foci
B Shifting focus to internal and narrow
C Negative self-talk
D All of the above
ANSWER:D All of the above