malpeli revision
DESCRIPTION
Malpeli Revision. 300 - 400. 300. Carbohydrate loading would most benefit the following athlete: A: 1500 m swimmer B: 3000m runner C: Triathlete D: Pole vaulter. ANSWER: C: Triathlete. 301. Reactivity is: A: Where physical activity is undertaken - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Malpeli Revision
300 - 400
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300. Carbohydrate loading would most benefit the following athlete:
A: 1500 m swimmer
B: 3000m runner
C: Triathlete
D: Pole vaulter
ANSWER:C: Triathlete
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301. Reactivity is:
A: Where physical activity is undertaken
B: The level at which a measure influences physical activity behaviour
C: Completing vigorous activity that makes you “huff & puff”
D: None of the above
ANSWER:B: The level at which a measure influences physical activity behaviour
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302. Validity refers to:
A: Tests/measures that aren’t affected by memory limitations
B: How accurate a measure is
C: The ability of a test/measure to be repeated under similar conditions
D: The degree to which a test/measurement measures what it sets out to measure.
ANSWER:
D: The degree to which a test/measurement measures what it sets out to measure.
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303. The following is an example of an subjective measure of physical activity:
A: Heart rate monitoring
B: Accelerometry
C: Physical activity diary
D: None of the above
ANSWER:C: Physical activity diary
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304. An advantage of using heart rate monitoring to assess physical activity is:
A: Provides a strong link to energy expenditure
B: Enables quick and easy data collection
C: Provides a good description of several dimensions of physical activity
D: All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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305. Stage 5 of the “Stages of Change” model is known as the Maintenance stage which:
A: Allows participants to temporarily “drop out” of physical activity for a period of time
B: Sees performers incorporating physical activity as part of their lifestyle and meeting the guidelines for at least six months
C: Can only be experienced when Stage 4 has been met for at least 3 months
D: None of the above
ANSWER:B: Sees performers incorporating physical activity as part of their lifestyle and meeting the guidelines for at least six months
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306. The following is not an example of a “constructed environment”
A: A skate park next to a school
B: A synthetic walking/running track placed around a shopping centre
C: A shade sail placed above the sand pit in the primary school
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
D: None of the above
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307. When critiquing strategies used at the population level to promote physical activity, the following must be considered:
A: Educational programs to support social and environmental changes
B: Removal of impediments
C: Tailoring of programs
D: All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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308. The most effective school based setting physical activity promoting strategies:
A: Have Department of Education printed material outlining physical activity benefits
B: Ensure only P.E. teachers take sporting teams
C: Make P.E. uniforms compulsory
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
A: Have Department of Education printed material outlining physical activity benefits
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309. A benefit associated with having a physically active group of office workers include:
A: Reduced KPI’s (Key Performance Indicators)
B: Increased absenteeism
C: Reduced staff turnover
D: Increased amount of overtime completed
ANSWER:
C: Reduced staff turnover
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310. During sub-maximal activity lasting 20 minutes, most of our energy comes from:
A: Fats
B: Carbohydrates
C: Proteins
D: A combination of all of the above
ANSWER:
B: Carbohydrates
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311. The ATP-PC system has:
A: High yield
B: High rate
C: Low yield
D: Infinite PC sources
ANSWER:
B : High rate
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312. The energy system interplay is best described when:
A: ATP is released from the ATP-PC system, then the LA system and lastly the aerobic system
B: The three energy systems collectively supply ATP to working muscles in a sequential pattern
C: The three energy systems are used during play rather than rest
D: ATP is supplied by all 3 energy systems, but one produces more ATP than the others
ANSWER:D: ATP is supplied by all 3 energy systems, but one produces more ATP than the others
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313. Once the lactate threshold is exceeded, the following occurs :
A: The LA system becomes the major energy supplier
B: The PC system is able to replenish energy stores now that it is not being used and “rested”
C: Most ATP resynthesis occurs as a result of aerobic glycolysis
D: Hydrogen ions rapidly accumulate
ANSWER:
D: Hydrogen ions rapidly accumulate
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314. Steady state occurs when:
A: Oxygen consumption reaches a sub-maximum level
B: The Cori cycle starts to break down built up lactic acid and convert it to glycogen to be reused
C: The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are in equilibrium
D: Oxygen supply is equal to oxygen demand
ANSWER:
D: Oxygen supply is equal to oxygen demand
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315. The most likely cause of fatigue for a 400m sprinter (athletics) is:
A: PC depletion
B: Lowered muscle Ph
C: Accumulation of muscle lactate
D: Lactic Acid accumulation
ANSWER:
C: Accumulation of muscle lactate
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316. Following a 30 second interval sprint (max intensity) how long would it take to replenish fuel stores used in the work period?
A: 10 seconds (1: 1 work : rest ratio)
B: 100 seconds
C: 200 seconds
D: 300 seconds
ANSWER:
C: 200 seconds
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317. Males exhibit greater aerobic capacity than females due to:
A: Greater participation in physical activity
B: Having larger lung capacities
C: Having a higher percentage of slow-twitch fibres
D: Increased alveolar cross sectional area
ANSWER:
B: Having larger lung capacities
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318. Anaerobic power is a measure of:
A: The PC system’s ability to produce energy
B: The LA system’s ability to produce power
C: The alactacid system’s ability to produce power
D: The anaerobic energy systems ability to provide energy via their pathways
ANSWER:
D: The anaerobic energy systems ability to provide energy via their pathways
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319. The most important fitness component for a diver performing a double somersault with half twist is:
A: Reaction Time
B: Agility
C: Speed
D: Aerobic Power
ANSWER:
B: Agility
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320. The purpose of conducting a games analysis is to:
A: Determine the different playing zones
B: Allocate votes for elite performers
C: Decide on how to best prepare / train for the actual game
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
C: Decide on how to best prepare / train for the actual game
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321. The most appropriate fitness tests on offer are:
A: Reliable
B: Valid
C: Specific
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
D: Specific
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322. The most specific test to assess the agility of a football player would be the:
A: Illinois Agility Run
B: Semo Agility Test
C: Harvard Twist Touch Test
D: Margarita Agility Run
ANSWER:
A: Illinois Agility Run
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323. Males would be expected to score better on the vertical jump test than females because they:
A: Train more than femalesB: Possess greater ankle flexibility and can generate greater push off as a result of thisC: Play more football than girls and this is an action specific to the gameD: Have greater cross sectional area in the quadriceps/hamstring region
ANSWER:D: Have greater cross sectional area in the quadriceps/hamstring region
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324. Plyometric training best develops:
A: Power
B: Strength
C: Speed
D: Type IIIB Fibres
ANSWER:
A: Power
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325. The recommended frequency for athletes seeking to maintain aerobic capacity is:
A: 2 times / week
B: 3 times / week
C: 4-5 times / week
D: 7 times / week
ANSWER:
A: 2 times / week
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326. Any “plateau” during a training program indicates:
A: The athlete needs to be thinking about “tapering”
B: Overtraining is occurring
C: A “steady State” has been achieved
D: A period of adaptation
ANSWER:
D: A period of adaptation
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327. The best example of short interval training listed below is:
A: 10 x 10 x 10 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:6
B: 2 x 20 x 100 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:2
C: 2 x 2 x 1,000 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:1
D: 2 x 20 x 10,000m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:10
ANSWER:
A: 10 x 10 x 10 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:6
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328. “Fartlek” training :
A: Can be overloaded by reducing the work : rest ratio
B: Is also knows as “playing with speed”
C: Requires rest periods to restore PC and remove H+ ions
D: Combines continuous activity with short bursts of intense work at regular intervals
ANSWER:
D: Combines continuous activity with short bursts of intense work at regular intervals
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329. Plyometrics are exemplified by the following group of activities:
A: Skipping, max push ups in 60 seconds, running on the spot for 30 seconds (max intensity)
B: Alternating upper body with lower body parts for consecutive activities
C: 10 x 20 m sprints every 45 seconds followed by 15 x 15m sprints every 30 seconds
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
D: None of the above
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330. Plyometrics can be overloaded by:
A: Increasing the weight and decreasing the repetitions
B: Decreasing the weight and increasing the repetitions
C: Increasing the rest and decreasing the intensity
D: Making the muscles to contract more forcefully by jumping higher or performing at a higher intensity
ANSWER:
D: Making the muscles to contract more forcefully by jumping higher or performing at a higher intensity
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331. In the following exercise prescription for resistance training ~ 4 x 8 x 80kg, the 8 represents:
A: Repetitions
B: Sets
C: Resistance
D: The day of the week training is undertaken
ANSWER:
A: Repetitions
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332. The following is most likely to result from participation in an aerobic training program lasting 18+ mths:
A: Increased capillarisation
B: Decreased diastolic blood pressure
C: Decreased cardiac output
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
A: Increased capillarisation
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333. Increased myoglobin levels resulting from aerobic conditioning / training assists in:
A: Transporting more oxygen around the vascular system
B: Preventing the myoglotic stretch reflex (less slow twitch muscle trains)
C: Moving more oxygen from cell membranes to the mitochondria
D: None of the above
ANSWER:C: Moving more oxygen from cell membranes to the mitochondria
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334. Aerobic training results in decreases to the systolic blood pressure at sub-maximal intensities due to:
A: Improved elasticity of blood vessels
B: Increasing LDL’s and reducing plaque build up on the inside of blood vessels
C: Reciprocal increases in diastolic blood pressure
D: All of the above
ANSWER:A: Improved elasticity of blood vessels
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335. Aerobic training has the following effect on diaphragm oxygen consumption during sub-maximal intensities:
A: Decreases
B: Increases
C: Remains relatively unchanged
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
A: Decreases
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336. Short interval training will result in the following chronic changes to fast twitch muscle fibres:
A: Increased “whiteness”
B: Increased antioxidative enzyme stores
C: Increased triglyceride stores
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
D: None of the above
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337. Continuous training will result in the following chronic changes to slow twitch muscle fibres:
A: Increased aerobic force capacity
B: Increased antioxidative enzyme stores
C: Increased contraction speed
D: Increased use of FFA’s
ANSWER:
D: Increased use of FFA’s
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338. Short interval training will result in the following adaptations to lactic acid tolerance:
A: Decreased reliance of glucose as a fuel
B: Increased oxidative enzyme stores
C: Increased buffering ability
D: Decreased acid-base regulation
ANSWER:
C: Increased buffering ability
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339. Training with moderate intensity/loads and high repetitions will generally result in greater changes to:
A: Type IIB fibres
B: Type IIA fibres
C: Type I Fibres
D: Type IA Fibres
ANSWER:
C: Type I Fibres
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340. Massage assists recovery by:
A: Decreasing blood flow to the massaged area(s)
B: Increasing the amount of oxygen transported to vital organs
C: Increasing the rate of waste removal from the massaged area(s)
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
C: Increasing the rate of waste removal from the massaged area(s)
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341. The most effective way of preventing overtraining is to:
A: Keep a training diary
B: Try to remember everything undertaken during a week of training
C: “Listen” to what your body is saying to you by the way it feels
D: Employ a personal trainer
ANSWER:
A: Keep a training diary
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342. Injury risk management systems include:
A: Regular playing equipment checks
B: Pre-game examination of playing fields
C: Keeping a safe distance between players and spectators
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
D: All of the above
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343. Coaches might contribute to risks associated with the team they are training by:
A: Encouraging players to play with “niggling injuries” for the benefit of the team
B: Ensuring first aid kits are available at every training session
C: Enlisting the support of non paid qualified staff
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
A: A Encouraging players to play with “niggling injuries” for the benefit of the team
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344. Risk management procedures extend beyond team management to facilities and equipment. The following must be taken into consideration in this area:
A: The correct ratio of medical staff to players in the team
B: Players are kept up to date with latest injury prevention trends
C: Ensuring coaches regularly “upskill”
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
D: None of the above
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345. The following is a practical example of how AFL football teams try to prevent injuries
A: Ensuring players participate in accredited courses so they’ll have a job when they finish playing
B: Players wearing helmets to avoid serious head injuries (similar to NFL footballers)
C: Using new pre-season training methods that have worked with in the USA for NFL footballers but haven’t been trialled here
D: Greater emphasis on strengthening hamstring muscles during training to avoid knee injuries
ANSWER:D: Greater emphasis on strengthening hamstring muscles during training to avoid knee injuries
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346. The following strategy can assist enhancing performance by building or maintaining confidence:
A: Using cue words regularly that are spoken to self or called out
B: “Walking the talk”
C: Faking an injury to upset an opponent’s concentration
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
A: Using cue words regularly that are spoken to self or called out
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347. The following drink is associated with the slowest rates of absorption and hydration:
A: Hypotonic
B: Hypertonic
C: Hypatonic
D: Hyputonic
ANSWER:
A: Hypertonic
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348. Minerals are important in assisting performance PB’s by:
A: Assisting in water loss to help with thermoregulation
B: Maintaining an acid-base balance to ensure normal cellular function
C: Adding to the amount of ATP that can be produced
D: Ensuring the Essential Electrolytic Balance (EEB) is maintained
ANSWER:
B: Maintaining an acid-base balance to ensure normal cellular function
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349. EPO is often taken by endurance athletes despite being banned by WADA, in an effort to:
A: Increase oxygen delivery to muscles
B: Increase plasma volume
C: Increase RBC’s
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
D: All of the above
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350. An example of a medico-legal issue being raised by athletes taking legal performance enhancers such as painkillers is:
A: Performers having a neural block that spreads beyond the affected area
B: Performers developing a addiction to the drugs
C: Athletes having an allergic reaction to the painkillers
D: All of the above
ANSWER: D: All of the above
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351. The best measure of physical activity levels occurring at a Primary School during recess and lunchtime would be:
A: SOFIT
B: SOPLAY
C: SOWOT
D: None of the above
ANSWER:B: SOPLAY
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352. The “walking school bus” is an example of a :
A: School based setting
B: Multi-facetted strategy involving parents, teachers and students
C: Structured strategy
D: Government initiative aimed at increasing physical activity
ANSWER:
A: A school based setting
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353. Anaerobic glycolysis results in the production of:
A: H+ ions
B: Carbon Dioxide
C: Quicker ATP than aerobic glycolysis
D: All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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354. As exercise intensity increases, there is greater contribution from:
A: Glycogen
B: Fats
C: Proteins
D Triglycerides
ANSWER:A: Glycogen
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355. Lactic acid removal occurs quicker when:
A: An active recovery is conducted
B: Contrast bathing is used
C: At sea level compared to higher altitudes
D: All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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356. Protein is not commonly called upon to resynthesize ATP because:
A: It requires large amounts of oxygen to be broken down
B: It results in “muscle meltdown”
C: It runs out quickly
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
A: It requires large amounts of oxygen to be broken down
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357. Fatigue is caused by many factors, but the predominant one in a 100m sprint lasting 9.7 seconds would be:
A: Lactic acid build up
B: Glycogen phosphorylation
C: Phosphocreatine depletion
D: Redistribution of blood to skin surface
ANSWER:C: Phosphocreatine depletion
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358. During dehydration:
A: Blood plasma levels drop
B: Heart rate increases
C: Less oxygen travels to working muscles
D: All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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359. Following endurance training, glycogen restoration can be accelerated by:
A: Consuming low GI foods within the first 30 – 45 minutes during recovery
B: Consuming high GI foods within the first 30 – 45 minutes during recovery
C: Consuming 100g carbohydrate for each kilogram of body mass
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
B: Consuming high GI foods within the first 30 – 45 minutes during recovery
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360. Local muscular endurance is best exemplified in the following:
A: A Y 11 student completing 35 push ups in 60 seconds
B: A Y11 student doing 3 x 100m sprints every 2 minutes
C: A Y12 student doing 125 push ups without stopping
D: A Y12 student completing the 60 second push up test after feeling tired in the arms after 35 seconds.
ANSWER:D: A Y12 student continuing in the 60 second push up test after feeling tired in the arms after 35 seconds.
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361.The “Cybex” system is an example of an isokinetic dynamometer that can be used to assess muscle weaknesses at any point in a range of motion. It is also used to measure:
A: Muscular Power
B: Muscular Endurance
C: Muscular Strength
D: Muscular fatigue
ANSWER:
C: Muscular Strength
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362. The following is an example of a low stress / low impact plyometric exercise:
A: Skipping without a rope
B: Clap push ups
C: Triple jumping
D: Tuck jumps
ANSWER:
A: Skipping without a rope
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363. Which one of the following interval sprints would best train the lactic acid system?
A: 8 x 50m sprints every 30 seconds (max intensity)
B: 8 x 30m sprints every 50 seconds (85% max intensity)
C: 3 x 80m sprints every 180 seconds (max intensity)
D: 3 x 80m sprints every 180 seconds (85% max intensity)
ANSWER:
A: 8 x 50m sprints every 30 seconds
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364. Long distance athletes are able to train more frequently than power athletes because:
A: More catabolic processes are in place
B: More anabolic processes are in place
C: Less loads are placed on body systems and hence quicker recovery is possible
D: Less build up of metabolic by-products
ANSWER:
C: Less loads are placed on body systems and hence quicker recovery is possible
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365. An Olympic gymnast would be able to develop the greatest flexibility by using the following type of stretching:
A: PNF
B: SAS
C: Ballistic
D: PAS
ANSWER:
C: Ballistic
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366. Following 2 years of aerobic training, the following respiratory adaptation would be evident:
A: Decreased alveolar volume (AV)
B: Increased alveolar surface area
C: Decreased resting heart rate
D: Increased stroke volume (SV)
ANSWER:
B: Increased alveolar surface area
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367. Plyometric training conducted over an 18 month period will result in:
A: Increased size and strength of connective tissues
B: Increased motor unit recruitment at maximal efforts
C: Increased nerve-impulse transmission
D: All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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368. The law of diminishing returns is helpful in explaining the :
A: Rapid gain in fitness components at the start of a training program
B: Way elite athletes find it difficult to experience large performance gains after years of training
C: Oxygen diminishing during recovery
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
B: Way elite athletes find it difficult to experience large performance gains after years of training
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369. Short interval training will result in the following fast twitch fibre adaptations following 2 years of training:
A: Increased myoglobin
B: Increased mitochondria
C: Increased capillarisation
D: Increased PC stores
ANSWER:
D: Increased PC stores
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370.
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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371. Overtraining is characterised by:
A: Insomnia
B: Increased resting heart rate
C: Decreased motivation levels
D: All of the above
ANSWER:D: All of the above
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372. An active recovery is best recommended following a:
A: 100m sprint
B: 400m swim
C: Hydrotherapy session
D: Plyometric session
ANSWER:
B: 400m swim
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373. The oxygen debt can be increased by:
A: Performing an active recovery
B: Using a hyperbaric chamber
C: Increasing venous pooling
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
A: Performing an active recovery
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374. Osteitis pubis is an overuse injury that is occurring with greater frequency amongst AFL players. The risk of this side-lining players could be minimised by:
A: Periodisation
B: Wearing footwear that is appropriate to ground “hardness”
C: Increasing player pain thresholds
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
B: Wearing footwear that is appropriate to ground “hardness”
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375. Caffeine is taken by many athletes in an effort to improve their performance by:
A: Increasing the actin-myosin overlap
B: Stimulating release of noradrenaline
C: Mobilising fat for use instead of glycogen
D: Delaying dehydration
ANSWER:
C: Mobilising fat for use instead of glycogen
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376. Risk management strategies are likely to include:
A: The different age levels of athletes
B: Players voluntarily wearing mouth guards during training sessions
C: Administrators taking out public liability insurance
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
A : The different age levels of athletes
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377. Fitness testing is used to:
A: Identify player strengths and weaknesses
B: Monitor training programs
C: Motivate players
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
D: All of the above
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378. The most specific fitness test available to assess the aerobic capacity of 3000 m runner would be the :
A: Beep test
B: Cooper’s 12 minute run
C: Harvard Step test
D: Cycle ergometer test
ANSWER:
B: Cooper’s 12 minute run
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379. The following is not an example of an arousal promotion technique:
A: Elevated breathing rate
B: Biofeedback
C: Energising imagery
D: Visuo-motor behaviour rehearsal
ANSWER:
B: Biofeedback
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380.Exogenous creatine monohydrate:
A: Increases intramuscular PC
B: Decreases muscle pH
C: Increases glycogen dependence
D: Decreases ATP reliance
ANSWER:
A: Increases intramuscular PC
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381.Oxygen deficit occurs :
A: Whenever oxygen demand is greater than oxygen
B: Only at the start of exercise
C: During recovery as oxygen consumption returns to pre-exercise levels
D: When athletes train at high altitude
ANSWER:
A: Whenever oxygen demand is greater than oxygen
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382. The following is an objective measure of physical activity:
A: Self-report
B: Direct observation
C: SOPLAY
D: GPS systems
ANSWER:
D: GPS systems
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383. The following platform is effective in changing the physical activity levels of large population groups:
A: Reminder systems
B: Population programming
C: Mass media
D: Social programming
ANSWER:
C: Mass media
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384.The following population groups are most at risk of not meeting the national physical activity guidelines:
A: People with disabilities
B: Racial majorities
C: People above 65 years of age
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
A: People with disabilities
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385.Schools provide the strongest setting to change physical activity behaviours because:
A: Social influences can be structured during leisure activities
B: Students generally have good access to facilities
C: Activities can be incorporated into the curriculum
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
D: All of the above
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386. The aerobic energy system has the greatest energy:
A: Phophorylation
B: Configuration
C: Yield
D: Rate
ANSWER:
C: Yield
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387. During EPOC :
A: Oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply
B: Oxygen transfuses into the mitochondria
C: Oxygen supply equals oxygen demand
D: None of the above
ANSWER:
D: None of the above
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388. Analysis based on digital recording and statistical data is often the most effective because it:
A: Is the most cost-effective measure available
B: Is objective
C: Has two systems operating and if one fails the other is still OK
D: Can be reviewed, stored and referred to in the future
ANSWER:
D: It can be reviewed, stored and referred to in the future
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389.The running based anaerobic sprint test (RAST):
A: Provides athletes and coaches with measurements of power and a fatigue index
B: Assesses the body’s ability to replenish PC in between each repetition
C: Is expensive because it needs specialist supervision
D: Is not appropriate for small field players such as badminton and squash
ANSWER:
A: Provides athletes and coaches with measurements of anaerobic power and a fatigue index
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390. The main purpose of measuring physical activity at the population level is to :
A: Evaluate the effectiveness of large scale physical activity intervention programs
B: Identify the biological, sociological, psychological and environmental factors that influence physical activity
C: Study the relationship between physical activity and health conditions
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
D: All of the above
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391. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?:
A: There is approximately ten times as much PC stored at the muscles as there is ATP
B: The ATP-PC system is anaerobic
C: The lactic acid system is anaerobic
D: During maximal exercise the rate of glycolysis can increase up to 100 times the rate experienced during rest
ANSWER:
A: There is approximately ten times as much PC stored at the muscles as there is ATP
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392. The oxygen debt can be divided into two parts that occur simultaneously. The first rapid part is primarily involved in:
A: Converting lactic acid into glycogen
B: Restoring PC
C: Removing H+ ions
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
B: Restoring PC
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393. The most specific type of circuit training is :
A: Individual load
B: Fixed load
C: Mixed load
D: Individual mixed time
ANSWER:
A: Individual load
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394. Overload should only be applied:
A: At pre-determined times
B: When directed by a coach
C: When adaptations have occurred
D: When adaptations have occurred
ANSWER:
C:
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395.
ANSWER:B: Greater emphasis on strengthening hamstring muscles during training to avoid knee injuries
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396.
ANSWER:A: Self-talk using cue words that are instructional
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397.
ANSWER:A: Hypotonic
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398.
ANSWER:B: Maintaining an acid-base balance to ensure normal cellular function
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399.
ANSWER:C: Hypertension
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400.Hydrogen ions (H+):
A: Formulate the actin and myosin cross bridges during contractions
B: Accelerate ATP resynthesis
C: Disrupt glycolytic enzymes and slow the breakdown of glycogen
D: All of the above
ANSWER:
D : All of the above