Making Textile Materials

Textile materials are made in three main stages.

Start = Spinning the fibres into yarns.

Middle = Weaving or knitting yarns to make fabric.

End = Finishing fabrics to make them more useful.

Why doesn’t this include bonded / non-woven fabrics?

Making Textile Materials

Making Textile Materials

Fibres

Spun into yarns

Woven or knitted into fabrics

Finish appliedMade into a finished product

Making Textile Materials

Natural SyntheticRegenerated

Making Textile Materials

Natural SyntheticRegenerated

Animal Plant

WoolSilk

AlpacaCashmere

MohairAngoraCamel

CottonLinen(Flax

)HempJuteSisal

Making Textile Materials

Natural SyntheticRegenerated

Animal Plant

WoolSilk

AlpacaCashmere

MohairAngoraCamel

CottonLinen(Flax

)HempJuteSisal

AcrylicPolyester

Nylon(Polyamide)

Making Textile Materials

Natural SyntheticRegenerated

Animal Plant

WoolSilk

AlpacaCashmere

MohairAngoraCamel

CottonLinen(Flax

)HempJuteSisal

AcrylicPolyester

Nylon(Polyamide)

ViscoseCuproModal

Lyocell(Tencel)

Making Textile Materials

Making Textile Materials

Cotton Emblem

Properties –

Poor InsulatorsStronger when wet than dryAble to hold moisture wellHardwearing

Making Textile Materials

Linen seal Cotton Emblem

Properties –

Poor InsulatorsStronger when wet than dryAble to hold moisture wellHardwearingPoor elasticity

Properties –

Poor insulatorsHighly absorbentHard wearingCrease easilyPoor elasticity

Making Textile Materials

Wool Mark Linen seal Cotton Emblem

Properties –

Poor InsulatorsStronger when wet than dryAble to hold moisture wellHardwearingPoor elasticity

Properties –

Poor insulatorsHighly absorbentHard wearingCrease easilyPoor elasticity

Properties –

Good insulatorGood elasticityHighly absorbentDoes not crease easily.

Using the AQA textbook = pages 62 + 63Research other properties, advantages and disadvantages of the fibres.

Making Textile Materials

Nylon

Properties –

Absorbs little waterVery strong and

resistant to wearVery crease resistantAffected by static

electricity – which effects the drape

Polyester

Properties –

Strong, hardwearing Crease resistantEasy to wash and care

forResistant to staining

Using the AQA textbook = pages 66 + 67Research other properties, advantages and disadvantages of the fibres.

Making Textile Materials

Reasons for Fibre blending

Improving the Quality Appearance Profitability

Improving the aftercare performance eg – washing, drying, ironing, shrinking

Improving the performance of the end product – eg creasing, abrasion, durability

Improving the comfort of the end product – eg softer next to the skin, absorption, thermal insulation

Improving the colour or the lustre

Improving the cost efficiency – diluting expensive fibres with cheaper fibres

Blending ratios with synthetic fibres and natural fibres are usually 70:30 and 50:50

All fibre blends help to reduce the cost, improve the aftercare properties and improve durability.

Making Textile Materials

Using the AQA textbook = pages 68 + 69

List three advantages for manufacturers in mixing / blending fibres together.

Give examples of blended fibres and their end uses.

What benefits would you create by blending the following –

Wool + Polyester = Cotton + Linen =

PolyesterPolymide (Nylon)

(both add easy care and durability)

Cotton

ViscoseModal

(both add lustre)

Bedding,Clothing,Lingerie,Furnishing fabrics

Why is Care labelling of blends very important?

Making Textile Materials

Making Textile Materials