• 12/18 Focus: – The withdrawal of Russia from the war on

the Eastern Front and the entry of the United States into the war in 1917 were major turning points in WWI.

• Important Terms: – Armistice

• Do Now:–What does the term total war refer to?

World War I

Major BattlesU.S. Entry in the War

Global War

• Imperial powers brought people from their colonies to fight in Europe.– Example:

Britain • Canada • Australia • India• New Zealand

Global War

• The war spread beyond Europe– Allied attacks on German

colonies in Africa– Japan declared war on

Germany • Captured German colonies

in China and the Pacific

– Allied attacks on the Ottomans in Middle East

The Gallipoli Campaign• British attacked the

Ottomans to gain control of the entry way to the Black Sea– Wanted to open up

supply lines to Russia

– British invasion fails

• British supported Arab revolt against the Ottomans on the Arabian peninsula

The Western Front

• Front remained almost unchanged from 1914-1918

• Huge casualties suffered by both sides trying to break stalemate– Battle of Verdun

• 281,000 Germans• 315,000 French

– Battle of the Somme• 420,000 British • 200,000 French • 450,000 Germans

The Eastern Front • Russian forces faced

many difficulties – Had a large army but

suffered huge causalities– was not a major industrial

power– Had difficulty getting

supplies from allies• German control of the

Baltic Sea• Ottoman control of the

entrance to the Black Sea

• Germany had to split its forces between the Eastern and Western Fronts

The Russian Collapse

• Overthrow of the Russian Czar– Communist revolution

in led by Vladimir Lenin – Czar Nicholas II is

overthrown• Russia pulls out of the

war in Oct. 1917– Eastern Front– 2,000,000 Russians

had been killed in the war

• War on the Eastern Front ends

U.S. Entry into War

• Zimmerman Note– Secret telegram from

Germany to Mexico – asked Mexico to

attack the U.S.– Planned to resume

unrestricted submarine warfare

• U.S. declared war on Germany (April 1917)

U.S. Troops Arrive in France

• American entry in the war helped Allies win the war– American victories

pushed Germans back to German border

– Germans faced with invasion of Germany

Armistice

• Germans ask for an end to the fighting on October 14, 1918

• Armistice takes effect at 11:00 a.m. on November 11, 1918– 11th hour of the 11

month of the 11 day

– Veteran’s Day

Points for Discussion

• Why did the Western Front change very little during the war?

• What impact did Russia pulling out of the war have on the German war effort?

• What was the impact of the U.S. entry into the war on the eventual outcome of WWI?