civil war battles vol 1
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TRANSCRIPT
Information from thehistoryplace.com, PBS, The American Nation textbook, and historychannel.com
Ft. Ft. SumterSumter
• After the Revolution, U.S. beefed up security along the coast by building forts, like Ft. Sumter, off the shore of Charleston, SC.
• When SC seceded, SC believed that any previous government holdings should belong to SC.
S.C. tried to negotiate w/U.S., but getting nowhere w/ that, they surrounded the harbor and the
fort w/ men and artillery.U.S. Maj. Robert Anderson
had only 88 men and enough rations for a couple of weeks.
Gen. Beauregard waited.
• Confederate Pres. Davis got word that U.S. Pres. Lincoln was sending reinforcements to the fort, so he ordered Beauregard to attack the fort.
Lincoln Davis
Beauregard began about 4:30 A.M., April 12, 1861.
• 34 hours later, Anderson and his men surrendered the fort.
Days later…
• Virginia seceded.
• Lincoln blockaded southern ports.
Weeks later…
• Ark., Tenn., and N. Carolina seceded, making 11 CSA(Confederate) states.
• July 4, 1861, Lincoln called for 500,000 Union recruits.
July 21, 1861…about 25 miles from Washington, D.C.
• Stonewall Jackson got his nickname helping Johnston defeat McDowell @ Bull Run. Lincoln saw the South as a tough opponent.
• Lincoln replaced McDowell w/ McClellan, making him Commander of the Potomac, and later, all Union forces.
Feb. 1862• “Unconditional Surrender” Grant won battles @ Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, leaving the TN River and Nashville in Union hands.
March 1862-Hampton Rds.,VA
• The South rebuilt USS Merrimack as ironclad CSS Virginia. She sank 2 ships, then tied w/ the ironclad Monitor.
March 8-9, March 8-9, 1862 1862
Peninsular Peninsular CampaignCampaign • McClellanMcClellan
went from went from Washington Washington down the down the Potomac Potomac towardtoward Richmond, VARichmond, VA (CSA capital).(CSA capital).
• April 6-7,1862 Grant Grant surprised surprised @@ShilohShiloh,,TN TN Casualties : Casualties : 13,00013,000//10,000 10,000 More than in all More than in all previous wars combined!previous wars combined!
April 24, 1862
• Union Navy’s officer Farragut took New Orleans. His famous quote later in the war: “Damn the torpedoes! Full speed ahead!”
May 31, 1862
• Battle of 7 Pines
• CSA Gen. Johnston attacked McClelland close to Richmond. Johnston wounded.
June 1, 1862• Robert E.
Lee became the General of the “Army of Northern Virginia.”
June 25- July 1, 1862
• 7 Days Battles7 Days Battles
• CSA General Lee drove McClellan back toward Washington
August 29-30, 1862 August 29-30, 1862 22ndnd Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run
• CSA had 20,000 fewer men, Stonewall Jackson and James Longstreet sent Pope’s Union troops back to Washington.
• Lincoln relieved Union General Pope of his command.
September 17,1862Antietam, Maryland
• Lee with 50,000 pushed northward.
• McClellan cut him off with 90,000.
Antietam -The Antietam -The bloodiestbloodiest battle battle
• Over 26,000 casualties. Lee went back to VA.