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LIGO Education 2019 Explore more at www.ligo.caltech.edu Magnus Effect- Flying cups Technically, on a cylinder, the Magnus effect is more properly called Kutta-Joukowski lift. Anchoring Phenomenon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtP_bh2lMXc Grade(s): Middle School Topic: Physical Science Standards: Disciplinary Core Ideas PS2.A: Forces and Motion • For any pair of interacting objects, the force exerted by the first object on the second object is equal in strength to the force that the second object exerts on the first, but in the opposite direction (Newton’s third law). (MS-PS2-1) • The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion. (MS-PS2-2) • All positions of objects and the directions of forces and motions must be described in an arbitrarily chosen reference frame and arbitrarily chosen units of size. In order to share information with other people, these choices must also be shared. (MS-PS2-2) Science and Engineering Practices: 1. Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) 3. Planning and carrying out investigations 6. Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering) 7. Engaging in argument from evidence 8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information Objectives: Understand the effects of air flow on and around moving objects. Describe Newton’s 3 rd law of motion and demonstrate using a ball or cups taped together. __________________________ Materials: Cups of a variety of sizes, shapes, materials and masses. Rubber bands (large) Variety of tape

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Page 1: Magnus Effect- Flying cups - Caltech | MIT

LIGOEducation2019 Exploremoreatwww.ligo.caltech.edu

MagnusEffect-FlyingcupsTechnically,onacylinder,theMagnuseffectismoreproperlycalledKutta-Joukowskilift.

AnchoringPhenomenonhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtP_bh2lMXc

Grade(s):MiddleSchool Topic:PhysicalScienceStandards:DisciplinaryCoreIdeasPS2.A:ForcesandMotion

• Foranypairofinteractingobjects,theforceexertedbythefirstobjectonthesecondobjectisequalinstrengthtotheforcethatthesecondobjectexertsonthefirst,butintheoppositedirection(Newton’sthirdlaw).(MS-PS2-1)

• Themotionofanobjectisdeterminedbythesumoftheforcesactingonit;ifthetotalforceontheobjectisnotzero,itsmotionwillchange.Thegreaterthemassoftheobject,thegreatertheforceneededtoachievethesamechangeinmotion.Foranygivenobject,alargerforcecausesalargerchangeinmotion.(MS-PS2-2)

• Allpositionsofobjectsandthedirectionsofforcesandmotionsmustbedescribedinanarbitrarilychosenreferenceframeandarbitrarilychosenunitsofsize.Inordertoshareinformationwithotherpeople,thesechoicesmustalsobeshared.(MS-PS2-2)

ScienceandEngineeringPractices:1.Askingquestions(forscience)anddefiningproblems(forengineering)3.Planningandcarryingoutinvestigations6.Constructingexplanations(forscience)anddesigningsolutions(forengineering)7.Engaginginargumentfromevidence8.Obtaining,evaluating,andcommunicatinginformation Objectives:Understandtheeffectsofairflowonandaroundmovingobjects.DescribeNewton’s3rdlawofmotionanddemonstrateusingaballorcupstapedtogether.__________________________Materials:Cupsofavarietyofsizes,shapes,materialsandmasses.Rubberbands(large)Varietyoftape

Page 2: Magnus Effect- Flying cups - Caltech | MIT

LIGOEducation2019 Exploremoreatwww.ligo.caltech.edu

AdvancedPreparation:Buildonesetfordemonstration.ActivityAfterwatchingtheanchoringphenomenonofthebasketballdroppedoffabridgeask:Whatforcesareactingonthebasketball?Howcouldweinvestigatethisphenomenon?BuildingyourMagnusEffectflier.

• Tapetwocupstogether,basetobase.• Interlockseveralrubberbands.

LaunchingGrippingyourflieratthetapedcenter,useyourthumbtopindownoneendoftherubberbandandstartwrappingitaroundthecenterofthecups,stretchingyourrubberbandtightlyasyouwrap.Keepstretchinguntilyouhavejustenoughrubberbandtoplaceyourthumb.Pinchthefreeendoftherubberbandwithyourthumbandindexfinger.Droptherubberbandofftheundersideoftheflier,pulltheflierbackwithyourotherhand.Pulltight-astightasyouthinktherubberbandandcupcanstand.Aimandletgo!Describethemotionoftheflier.Canyoudrawthemotionoftheflier?Whatforcesareactingontheflier?Listvariablesthatcouldcauseachangeinmotionoftheflier.TheamountoftensionpulledontherubberbandsThenumberoftimestherubberbandiswrappedaroundthecups.ThemassofcupsThesizeofcupsTypeoftapeRidgesinthecupsTypeofcup(plastic,paperorStyrofoam)PuttingfinsonthecupsEndcapsonthecupsUnderlyingScience:Asyoureleasethecupsnoticethatthefliercurvesupward.Theupwardliftoccurredbecauseyouputaspinonthecupsastheywerelaunched.Therubberbandsnotonlypropelthecupsforward,butalsogivethemarapidbackspin.

Page 3: Magnus Effect- Flying cups - Caltech | MIT

LIGOEducation2019 Exploremoreatwww.ligo.caltech.edu

Asthebackward-spinningcupsflythroughtheair,athinlayerofaircalledtheboundarylayergetsdraggedalongfortherideandflungdownwardbythebackspin.Newton’sThirdLawofMotion,everyactionhasanequalandoppositereaction:Thedownwardforceontheairresultsintheupwardforceonthecups.Here’sanotherwayoflookingatit.Asthecupsflythroughtheair,therotationmeanstheairflowssmoothlyoverthetopofthecups,andeventuallycurvesaroundanddown.Inreturn,theairpushesupwardsonthecups,makingthemflyhigher.Baseballpitchersvarythedirectionandrateofspinofapitchedballtothrowavarietyofpitchedballs:curveballs,fastballs,screwballs,andsliders.Stitchesonabaseball,golfball,soccerball,tennisball,pingpong,etc.assistindeflectingairsideways,increasingthedeflectingeffectofthespin.OnemoreusefortheMagnuseffectisintransportation.In1930,Americaninventorsflewaplanewithrotatingcylindersinsteadofwings,butitwasnotverypopular.Amoremodernuseisforpoweringships–alargecargoshipknownasE-Ship1hasfourgiantrotorsstickinguplikechimneys.Whenthewindblowsandthecylindersarespinning,theMagnuseffectpushestheshipforward!History:Thiscupglider’sflightmightseemsurprising,butscientistshavebeenstudyingthecauseforhundredsofyears.It’sknownastheMagnuseffect,andit’snamedafterHeinrichGustavMagnus,ascientistwhostudiedthephenomenonalmost170yearsago.Hewasn’tthefirsttolookintoitthough–IsaacNewtonnoticeditseffectontennisballs180yearsearlier.LIGOConnection:LIGO’slargequadsuspensionisaperfectmodelofNewton’s3rdLaw.Thefrontofthesuspensioniscalledthemainchainandthebackiscalledthereactionchain.Scientistusemanydifferentmethodstopushandpullontheopticssuspendedinthequad.Thereactionchainisdesignedtoremovemotionawayfromtheopticsinthemainchain.Resources:https://blog.doublehelix.csiro.au/flying-cups/https://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/curveball-demonstratorhttps://www.ncsciencefestival.org/sites/default/files/documents/Magnus%20Gliders.pdfSafetyConsiderations:Cautionwhenlaunchingthefliers.Sometimestherubberbandofcupsmaycomebackandhittheface.

Page 4: Magnus Effect- Flying cups - Caltech | MIT

LIGOEducation2019 Exploremoreatwww.ligo.caltech.edu

Theholdandwrap!

Thelaunch!


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