madhu final project

8/3/2019 Madhu Final Project

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Socio Economic condition inUppalada & Ranipeta

Submitted By:

GROUP-4 Submitted To:

Madhu Parna Sen(s1005) Dr.Anita Patro

Sanjit Dal Behera(s10)

Karunakar Panda(s10)

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DECLARATION

We Madhu Parna Sen, Sanjit Dal Behera & Karunakar Panda do here

by declare that the project submitted by us entitled

SocioEconomic condition in Uppalada & Ranipeta toCenturion School Rural Enterprise Management, Paralakhemundi in

Partial Fulfillment Of The requirement for the 2nd trimester of PGDM

is of our own and it has not been submitted earlier to any other

institution including this college or published elsewhere.

DATE: ___/___/______

PLACE: PARALAKHEMUNDI Signature

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every successful event on earth bears the signature of not only the

man who has the man achieved it but also those who have been

instrumental in letting it accomplish it. And we believe due credit for

this report must go to the people who knowingly or unknowingly

have supported us during our project work.

We would like to thank Dr G C Patro (Director of CSREM) who has

given us such opportunity to undertake this project.

We wish to express my gratitude and sincere thanks to Dr.Anita

Patro for her valuable guidance help in completing this project.

Last but not the least we also sincerely acknowledge of all our

friends who supported us towards the successful completionof the

project.

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CONTENTSTOPIC PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY (5)

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (5)

3. ANALYSIS (7-20)

4. HYPOTHESIS TESTING (21-27)

5. FINDINGS & CONCLUSION (28)

6. FEEDBACK AND RECOMENDATION (29)

7. ANNEXURE (30-31)

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INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY:

In India most of the people are living in rural villages. Though India is developing but itsvillages are still not developed It is may be due to fail of different schemes of State and Centralgovernment. The mind set of people are also not changed due to illiteracy and lack of propereducation.

So we the students of C.S.R.E.M conducted a study on the topic Income level of villagers ofUppalada and Ranipenta villages which is situated in Gajapati district of the state Odisha. Thestudy it was also want to find some information about the different income and saving pattern ofvillagers.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To know education level in the villages.2. To know the source of income in villages.3. To determine monthly family income level of the villagers.4. To study the loan taking habit of the villagers.5. To know the saving habit of the villagers.6. To determine the amount of expenditure of the family of the villagers.7. To understand the socio economic condition of the villagers.8. To know whether the villagers are related with any self help groups or not

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

It is well known fact that the most important step in social research process is to define theproblem. Choose for investigation because a problem well defined is half solved. That was thereason that at most care was taken while defining various parameters of the problem. Aftergiving through brain storming session, objectives were selected and the set on the base of theseobjectives. A questionnaire was designed major emphasis of which was gathering new ideas orinsight so as to determine and bind out solution to the problems.

DATA SOURCE

Research included gathering primary data. Primary data is the first hand data, which are selecteda fresh and thus happen to be original in character. Primary Data was crucial to know variousinformation about the villagers.

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RESEARCH APPROACH

The research approach was used survey method which is a widely used method for datacollection and best suited for descriptive type of research survey includes research instrumentlike questionnaire which can be structured and unstructured. Target population is well identified

and personal interview method was used in the study.SAMPLING UNIT

It gives the target population that will be sampled. This research was conducted in Uppalada andRanipenta villages (Gajapati District).Out of 500 households the sample size was 40 households.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUEIn the study simple random sampling was used for taking the sample..

DATA COMPLETION AND ANALYSISAfter the data has been collected, it was tabulated and findings of the project were presentedfollowed by analysis and interpretation to reach certain conclusions.

SCOPEOur project was based on the income level of villagers of Uppalada and Ranipenta village.

LIMITATIONS1. Research work was carried out in two villages only. The finding may not be applicable to theother parts of the country because of social and cultural differences.2. The sample was collected using simple random sampling techniques. As such result may notgive an exact representation of the population.3. Shortage of time is also reason for incomprehensiveness.4. The views of the people are biased therefore it doesnt reflect true picture.

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ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY

Q2) Gender of the respondents:-

Table-1

gender of the respondent

27 67.5 67.5 67.5

13 32.5 32.5 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

male

female

Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Graph-1

Findings: From table- 1 it was found that among all the 40 respondents 67.5% peoplewere male and 32.5% people were female.

Q3) Age of the respondents Table -2

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age of the respondent

1 2.5 2.5 2.5

8 20.0 20.0 22.5

31 77.5 77.5 100.040 100.0 100.0

18-25

25-30

above 30Total

Valid


Cumulative

Percent

Graph-2

Findings: From the table-2 it was found that among all the 40 respondents 2.5% peoplebelong to age group of 18-25 years,20% People belong to 25-30year and 77.5% peopleabove 30 years old.

Q4) Number of family members

Table-3

number of family members

14 35.0 35.0 35.0

26 65.0 65.0 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

2-4

more than4

Total

Valid

Frequency Percent Valid Percent CumulativePercent

(Graph-3)

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number of famil members

morethan42-4

Count

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

Findings: From table -3 it was found that among all the respondent 35% house hold 2-4person & 65% house hold more than 4 person.

Q5)Number of male members in the family ?

Table-4

no of male in family

1 2.5 2.5 2.5

28 70.0 70.0 72.5

11 27.5 27.5 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

0-1

1-2

above 2

Total

Valid


Cumulative

Percent

(Graph-4)

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no of male in famil

above 21-20-1

Count

30

20

10

0

Finding: From table-4 it was found that no of male in family 2.5%

Q6) No. of female members in the familyTable-5

no of the female in family

1 2.5 2.5 2.5

24 60.0 60.0 62.5

15 37.5 37.5 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

0-1

1-2

above2

Total

ValidFrequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

(Graph-5)

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no of the female in famil

above21-20-1

Count

30

20

10

0

Finding: From the table-5 it was found that there are more number of families belong to noof females 1-2

Q7)No of earning member of the family?

Table -6

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(Graph-6)

Finding: Fromthe table-6 we fond that there are most of the family have one earning member.

Q8) No of dependent members in the family(Table-7)

no of dependent

6 15.0 15.0 15.0

7 17.5 17.5 32.5

27 67.5 67.5 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

1

2

above2

Total

Valid


Cumulative

Percent

(Graph-7)

no of de endent

above221

Count

30

20

10

0

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No of members Earning member 1 182 153 2Above then 3 5Total 40


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Finding: This table says about the dependency rate of the households on the earned person i.e15% on one earned person,17.5 % on 2 earned persons and the rest 67.5 % on more than 2earned person.

Q9) loan taking habit of the respondents(Table-8)

taken any lone

4 10.0 10.0 10.0

36 90.0 90.0 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

yes

no

Total

Valid


Cumulative

Percent

(Graph-8

no

yes

Finding: The above graph says about the loan taken by households i.e. 10% out of the wholepopulation.

Q10) Have you repaid the loan?

Table-9

No 0Partially 2

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Fully 2Not taking loan 38Total 40

Graph-9

Finding: From this table-9 we found that every person whose are taking loan they tried torepay it in fully, partially manner.Q11) Saving habit of the respondents

(Table-10)

regular habit of saving

16 40.0 40.0 40.0

24 60.0 60.0 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

yes

no

Total

Valid Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

(Graph-10)

no

yes

Finding: From table-12 it was found that 40% people habit regular saving.

Q12)What is your monthly saving?

Table-11Graph-11

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Amount of saving No of members200-300 10300-500 20Above 500 10Total 40


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Finding: From this table -11 we found that most of the people monthly savings in between300-500 rs..

Q13) Educational qualification of the respondents(Table-12)

eduction of the respomdent

17 42.5 42.5 42.5

11 27.5 27.5 70.0

10 25.0 25.0 95.0

2 5.0 5.0 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

uneducated

metric

intermediate

above

Total


Cumulative

Percent

(Graph-12)

above

intermediate

metric

uneducated

Finding: From table-12 it was found that 42.5% people uneducated,27.5% people metric ,25% people intermediate and 2% people above the intermediate.

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Q14) Income source of the respondents(Table-13)

source of income

16 40.0 40.0 40.0

11 27.5 27.5 67.5

2 5.0 5.0 72.5

11 27.5 27.5 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

agriculture

pvt.service

gvot service

other

Total


Cumulative

Percent

(Graph-13)

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source of income

othergvot servicepvt.serviceagriculture

Count

20

10

0

Finding- From table-13 it was found that 40% people depend upon agriculture,27.5% peopledepend upon private service ,5% people depend upon Govt. service and 27.5% peopledepend upon other.

Q15)Monthly family income level of the respondent

(Table-14)

monthly family income level

8 20.0 20.0 20.0

15 37.5 37.5 57.5

11 27.5 27.5 85.0

6 15.0 15.0 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

less than 3000

3000-5000

5000-8000

above

Total

Valid


Cumulative

Percent

(Graph-14)

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monthl famil income level

above5000-80003000-5000less than 3000

Count

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

Finding: from table-14 it was found that 20% people less than 3000 income,37.5% peoplethere income 3000-5000,27.5% people there income 5000-8000,15% people there incomemore than 8000.

Q16)Monthly expenditure of respondents households(Table-15)

monthly expenditure

7 17.5 17.5 17.5

17 42.5 42.5 60.0

16 40.0 40.0 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

below 2000

2000-3000

above 3000

Total

Valid


Cumulative

Percent

Graph-15

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monthl ex enditure

above 30002000-3000below 2000

Count

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

Finding: From table -13 it was found that 17.5% people expenditure below 2000,42.5%people expenditure 2000-3000 and 42% people above 3000 expenditure.

Q17) Family members relation with s.h.g(Table-16)

related with any s.h.g

26 65.0 65.0 65.0

14 35.0 35.0 100.0

40 100.0 100.0

yes

no

Total


Cumulative

Percent

Graph-16

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no

yes

Finding: from table-16 shows that 65% people related with s.h.g group.

Crosstabs-1

monthly family income level * monthly expenditure Crosstabulation

Count

4 2 2 8

1 10 4 15

1 3 7 11

1 2 3 6

7 17 16 40

less than 3000

3000-5000

5000-8000

above

monthly family

income level

Total

below 2000 2000-3000 above 3000

monthly expenditure

Total

Case Processing Summary

40 100.0% 0 .0% 40 100.0%

monthly family

income level *

monthly expenditure

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Valid Missing Total

Cases

Graph-1

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monthl famil income level

above

5000-8000

3000-5000

less than 3000

Count

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

monthly expenditu

below 2000

2000-3000

above 3000

Crosstab2

Case Processing Summary

40 100.0% 0 .0% 40 100.0%source of income *


N Percent N Percent N Percent

Valid Missing Total

Cases

source of income * regular habit of saving Crosstabulation

Count

6 10 16

4 7 11

2 2

4 7 11

16 24 40

agriculture

pvt.service

gvot service

other

source of

income

Total

yes no


Total

(Graph-2)

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source of income

other

gvot service

pvt.service

agriculture

Count

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

regular habit of s

yes

no

HYPOTHESIS-1

Z TEST FOR PROPORTIONNull hypothesisA socioeconomic survey claims that 30% people depend upon agriculture for their incomein Ranipeta and Uppalada village .Alternate hypothesisThe people depend up on agriculture us not equal to 30%At 5% level of significanceN=200Check:n p= (200)(.3) = 60n(1-p) = (200)(.7) = 140.Solution: -

H0: p = 0.3 H1: p 0.3

Suppose that = 0.05, n = 200,sp

=0.4, are chosen for this test.

/2=0.025

Z tabulated:1.96

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3.125

200

)3.01(3.0

3.04.0

n

)(1

pZs

=

=

=

pp

p


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Income level/saving habit YES NO

Less than 5000 9.1 16.9

Above 5000 4.9 9.1


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cRe

ject

Re

ject


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z0

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cRej

ect

Rej

ect


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3.125Statistical conclusion: There is sufficient evidence not to accept the null hypothesis at 0.05level of significance. Hence the calculated value of Z = 3.125 is comes under the rejectionregion. Since Z = 3.125>1.96.

Managerial Conclusion: -Hence it was concluded that there are people who depend up on agriculture for their income isnot equal to 30%.

HYPOTHESIS-2

CHI-SQUARE TEST CROSS TAB

Income level/svg.hvt YES NO Total

Less than 5000 6 20 26Above 5000 8 6 14

Total 14 26 40

Solution:The null hypothesis is that there is no association between the saving habit and the income level(These two are independent). The alternative hypothesis is that the saving habit and income levelare associated (dependent).

H0: There is no association between the saving habit and the income levelH1: The saving habit and income level are associatedAt 5% level of significance

Degree of freedom: (m-1) (n-1)=1Expected Frequency- Row Total*column Total/ Grand Total

Income level/saving habit YES NO

Less than 5000 9.1 16.9

Above 5000 4.9 9.1Computed

= 4.641

The upper value at 5% level for 1 d.f =3.841

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=

E

E)(O

22

2


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Statistical conclusion-There is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis at 5% level ofsignificance.Managerial Decision-The managerial decision is that the saving habit and income level are

associated. HYPOTHESIS-3

CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR GOODNESS OF FIT

Source of income People associated

Agriculture 14

Pvt.service 11

Other 15

Total 40

Solution:-Null hypothesisH0: All the people are equally associated with the different source of incomeAlternate hypothesisH1: All the people are not equally associated to the different source of income

At 5% level of significance

Source of income Observed (O) Expected (E)

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2E)(O

E

E)(O 2


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Agriculture 14 13.33 .4489 .03

Pvt.service 11 13.33 5.42 .40

Other 15 13.33 2.78 .20

Total 40 40 .63

d.f=(n-1)=2 , = 0.05

2

tab=5.991

Statistical conclusionThe critical for 2 d.f at 5% level of significance is 5.99. Since the calculated value is less thancritical value at 5% level of significance, accept the null hypothesis.Managerial conclusionThe conclusion is that all the people are equally associated with the different source of income.

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=

E

E)(O

22

2


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Statistical conclusion-There is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis at 5% level ofsignificance.Managerial Decision-The managerial decision is that the saving habit and income level are

associated.

HYPOTHESIS-4H0: The average age of the people who lives in uppalada & ranipenta village is 10H1: The average age of the people who lives in uppalada & ranipenta village is not 10

Assumption

At 5% level of significancen=30

X

=13.33

=10

=0.9

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n

X

Z

=

26.2016.0

33.3

30/9.0

1033.13

n

XZ ==

=

=


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Reject H0 if Z < -1.96 or Z > 1.96; otherwise do not reject H0

+20.26

Statistical conclusion:There is sufficient evidence not to accept the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance . Hencethe calculated value of Z = 20.26 is comes under the rejection region. Since Z = 20.26>1.96.

Managerial Conclusion: -Hence it was concluded that the average age of people who lives in uppalada & ranipenta is notequal to 10.

HYPOTHESIS-5

H0:The average monthly expenditure of the respondent household lies between 2000-3000 is15.H1: The average monthly expenditure of the respondent household lies between 2000-3000 isnot 15.

Assumption

At 5% level of significance

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n

S

Xt 1-n

=

17.12300.9/1517

n

SXt 1n =

=

=

H0: = 15

H1: 15

Reject H0 Reject H0Do not reject H0

+Z= +1.96-Z= -1.96


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n=30

s=standard deviation of sample-0.9

X

=17

is unknown, souse a t statistic

Critical Value:t29 =

/2=.025 /2=.025

+12.17

Statistical conclusion:There is sufficient evidence not to accept the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance . Hencethe calculated value of Z = 12.17 is comes under the rejection region. Since Z = 12.17>1.96.

Managerial Conclusion: -Hence it was concluded that the average age of people who lives in uppalada & ranipenta is notequal to 10.

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Reject H0 Reject H0Do not reject H0 +t n-1,/2

-t n-1,/2


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FINDINGS:1. Most number of people are uneducated in the villages.2. They mostly depend upon agriculture for their livelihood.3. Though more number of family members is associated with income generating activities theirfamily income level is between 3000 to 5000 per month only.4. Most of the people are not taking loans because of higher rate of interest of moneylenders andthey are not also taking loans from the banks because of unawareness.5. Majority of respondents are not involved in the habit of saving due to less income incomparison to expenditure.6. More number of people are associated with local self help groups but they are not fully awareabout the different activities of S.H.G. So association with S.H.Gs is not helping them much.

CONCLUSION:From the study it was concluded that most of the villagers are depending upon agriculture

for their income in the villages Uppalada and Ranipeta. Though they are getting fair amount ofreturn from the agriculture but it is not enough to fulfill their needs and also another thing is thatthe field like Agriculture is totally depend up on proper supply of water. So in some cases due toinadequate availability of water Agriculture is affected largely. More number of families havingmore than four members but most of them is not getting proper education.

So last but not the list it was concluded that only awareness about different factors likeeducation, saving are required and government should facilitate them to overcome this problems.If it will happen then this two villages have the capacity to become one of the ideal villages in

Odisha.

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FEEDBACK AND RECOMONDATIONS

Government should take some steps for providing more employment opportunities forthe villagers.

Some awareness activities must be conducted about different S.H.Gprograms in the village.

Proper agriculture facilities must be provided to the villagers.

Prominent people from the village should come forward with innovative incomegenerating activities.

Government should take strict actions in regard to the money lenders who lend money athigher rate of interest.

Different schemes like N.R.E.G.A and SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN must beimplemented properly.

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ANNEXURE-1

QUESTIONAIRE

We are students of CSREM doing a survey to know the income level of therural villagers in Uppalada & Ranipetha ,it will help us to make a projectreport and to do some analysis .finally we will draw a hypothesis from thedata and go for a conclusion

Project on Socio Economic condition in Uppalada &Ranipeta

Questionnaire1) Name of the respondent:

..2) Gender:

a. Male

b. Female

3) Age:

a. 18-25

b. 25-30

c. Above 30

4) No of Family members:a. 0-1

b. 2-4

c. More than 4

5) No of male members of the family?

a. 0-1

b. 1-2

c. Above 2

6) No of female members of the family?

a. 0-1

b. 1-2c. Above 2

7) No of earning members in the family?

a. 1

b. 2

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c. 3

d. Above 3

1) No of dependent in the family?

a. 1

b. 2

c. Above 21) Have you take loan?

a. Yes

b. No

2) Have you repaid the loan?

a. No

b. Partially

c. Fully

3) Do you have a regular habit of saving?

a. Yes

b. No4) What is your monthly saving?

a. 200-300

b. 300-500

c. Above 500

5) Education of the respondent?

a. Uneducated

b. Metric

c. Government service

d. Others

6) Main source of income for your family?a. Agriculture

b. Pvt. Service

c. Government Service

d. Others

7) Monthly family income level?

a. Less than 3000

b. 3000-5000

c. 5000-8000

d. Above

8) How much monthly expenditure:a. Below 2000

b. 2000-3000

c. Above 3000

9) If any members of your family related with any S.H.G?

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a. Yes

b. No

Date- Signature:

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madhu final project

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